WO2020020974A1 - Circuit de charge côté véhicule - Google Patents

Circuit de charge côté véhicule Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020020974A1
WO2020020974A1 PCT/EP2019/069973 EP2019069973W WO2020020974A1 WO 2020020974 A1 WO2020020974 A1 WO 2020020974A1 EP 2019069973 W EP2019069973 W EP 2019069973W WO 2020020974 A1 WO2020020974 A1 WO 2020020974A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
voltage
switch
series
vehicle
charging circuit
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2019/069973
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Franz Pfeilschifter
Martin GÖTZENBERGER
Manuel Brunner
Original Assignee
Vitesco Technologies GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Vitesco Technologies GmbH filed Critical Vitesco Technologies GmbH
Priority to KR1020217003785A priority Critical patent/KR102492909B1/ko
Priority to CN201980049749.6A priority patent/CN112425025B/zh
Publication of WO2020020974A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020020974A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
    • B60L53/24—Using the vehicle's propulsion converter for charging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/42—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for or adjusting power factor in converters or inverters
    • H02M1/4208—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M7/23—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only arranged for operation in parallel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M7/25—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only arranged for operation in series, e.g. for multiplication of voltage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/90—Vehicles comprising electric prime movers
    • B60Y2200/91—Electric vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0083—Converters characterised by their input or output configuration
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles

Definitions

  • Vehicles with an electric drive have an accumulator to feed the drive.
  • a charging socket is provided in order to transfer energy from outside into the battery, for example as part of a charging process.
  • variable parameters When connecting a vehicle to an AC voltage network, several electrical parameters can vary that have an impact on operating parameters such as the voltage or power of the charging circuit. These variable parameters are, for example, the number of phases, which depends on the configuration of the AC voltage connection, and the voltage or configuration of the AC voltage network, which can vary regionally.
  • AC connections can be used to charge a vehicle.
  • a vehicle-side charging circuit in which a plurality of galvanically connecting DC-DC converters can be connected to one another in parallel or in series by means of an adjustable switch device, so that the charging circuit can be adapted to the configuration (for example: single-phase or multi-phase) of the connection to an AC voltage network.
  • the charging circuit is thus a galvanically connecting charging circuit. Because of this, it is not necessary to use a transformer for electrical isolation.
  • a rectifier of the charging circuit is connected downstream of an AC voltage interface of the charging circuit and directs it the voltage present at the AC voltage interface is the same.
  • the rectified voltage (or its peak value) depends on the number of phases of the AC voltage interface. With a 230 V network and a three-phase connection configuration, this can result in a rectified voltage that is above a nominal limit voltage that can be achieved with a specific semiconductor technology. In order for the semiconductors of the DC voltage converter
  • the switch device can connect the multiple DC-DC converters to one another in series. This divides the operating voltage for each DC converter by its number. In the case of two DC-DC converters, the operating voltages with which the semiconductors of the DC-DC converters each work are halved. In single-phase operation, the DC converters can be connected in parallel in order to multiply the current carrying capacity.
  • the vehicle-side charging circuit is equipped with an AC voltage interface and a rectifier connected to it.
  • the AC voltage interface is in particular a connector element with several contacts.
  • the rectifier has the function of rectifying, but in some embodiments can also have other functions such as power factor correction or harmonic filters in addition to this function; in particular is the
  • Rectifier an active rectifier.
  • the rectifier has an AC side. With this the rectifier is connected to the AC voltage interface.
  • the rectifier preferably comprises at least one half-bridge (which can be controllable or can be a diode half-bridge) for each phase contact of the AC voltage interface.
  • the AC voltage interface can have a neutral contact.
  • This is preferably connected to a (separate) half bridge of the rectifier.
  • This half bridge differs from a half bridge with a phase of AC voltage interface is connected and can be a special diode half-bridge in particular.
  • the rectifier also includes a DC side.
  • the half bridges of the rectifier are connected to these.
  • the DC voltage side comprises in particular two DC voltage potentials or rails.
  • the half bridges are connected to these (in particular the two ends of the half bridges are connected to these potentials or rails).
  • the DC-DC converters are connected to the rectifier via the switch device.
  • the switch device is provided between the DC converter and the rectifier. The type of connection (parallel or serial) according to which the DC / DC converter is connected to the
  • Rectifiers are connected, is adjustable by means of a switch device.
  • the switch device connects the DC-DC converters to one another in a switchable (under different) manner. Different switching positions of the switch device are linked to different connections of the rectifier on the one hand and the DC voltage converter on the other.
  • a switch position of the switch device the sides of the DC-DC converters, which are connected to the rectifier, are connected in parallel (and in particular are connected in series with the rectifier).
  • the sides of the DC converter, which are connected to the rectifier are connected in series with each other (and in particular connected as a series connection with the rectifier).
  • the DC-DC converter (in particular the side of the DC-DC converter which has the intermediate circuit capacitor) can be connected to one another in parallel or in series using the switching device.
  • the switching device can face the rectifier Sides of the DC-DC converters can be connected in parallel or in series. These sides can correspond to the input sides of the DC-DC converters, especially when charging. In the case of feedback (ie bidirectional DC-DC converters), the sides correspond to the outputs of the DC-DC converters.
  • the switching device allows the inputs (in particular with reference to a charging process) of the DC-DC converters to be connected to one another in series or in parallel. Since the
  • DC converters are connected to the rectifier, the connection type of the DC converter to the rectifier can thus be set by means of the switching device.
  • two DC voltage converters result in half the operating voltage (based on the rectified voltage), so that the switch elements and the DC link capacitors only have to be designed according to this half (or divided by the number of converters) operating voltage.
  • the DC-DC converters have a side facing the rectifier. These sides of the DC-DC converters can be connected or switched (or set) in parallel or in series using the switching device.
  • the intermediate circuit capacitors are located on these sides, which can thus be connected to one another in parallel or in series. This also applies to the switch units of the DC / DC converters.
  • the rectifier is connected to the vehicle electrical system connection via the DC voltage converter.
  • the vehicle electrical system connection is in particular a high-voltage connection and is therefore designed for operating voltages for> 60 V, in particular for at least 400 V, 600 V or 800 V.
  • An electrical system with the charging circuit described here also includes an accumulator that is connected to the vehicle electrical system connection. In addition to the accumulator, other components can be connected to the vehicle electrical system connection.
  • the vehicle electrical system connection can be connected to the DC / DC converters via isolating switches.
  • the charging circuit preferably further comprises a diode cascade. This is provided between the DC voltage converters and the vehicle electrical system connection and is connected in particular in parallel to the vehicle electrical system connection.
  • the diode cascade comprises a series connection of diodes.
  • the series connection is connected in parallel to the vehicle electrical system connection.
  • the ends of the series connection are connected to the vehicle electrical system connection (in particular to its two DC potentials).
  • At least one of the DC-DC converters is connected to an intermediate point of the series circuit, via which two of the diodes are connected to one another (in series).
  • the diode cascade is designed in particular as a (single-phase) half-bridge.
  • One of the DC converters is connected to the connection point of the half bridge. If there are more than two DC / DC converters, the diode cascade comprises more than two diodes.
  • the number of DC voltage converters preferably corresponds to the number of diodes in the diode cascade.
  • the number of connection points in the diode cascade corresponds to the number of DC voltage converters minus 1. Except for one converter, the DC voltage converters are connected to their own connection point in the diode cascade.
  • One of the transducers can be connected to a connection point between two diodes of the diode cascade.
  • One of the diodes can be connected between this converter and the other converter.
  • the diodes of the diode cascade are connected to each other in the same direction.
  • the forward direction of the diodes points to the same potential. This also applies to the blocking direction.
  • the first and the second converter each have a positive potential rail, these potential rails being connected to one another via the first of the diodes.
  • the first diode has a forward direction that points to the positive potential rail of the first DC-DC converter.
  • the second diode is connected between the positive potential rail of the second DC voltage converter and the negative potential rail of the second DC voltage converter.
  • the second diode has a forward direction which points to the positive potential rail of the second DC converter (or to the first diode or to the positive potential rail of the first DC converter).
  • Part of the DC voltage converter or all DC voltage converter can each have a smoothing capacitor.
  • the smoothing capacitor is connected in parallel to the respective DC voltage converter on the side of the DC voltage converter which points to the on-board electrical system connection.
  • the DC-DC converters are provided by the DC-DC converters.
  • the diode cascade adds up
  • the switch units of the first and second voltage converters each comprise two switches or a switch and a diode which are connected in series. These switches are preferably semiconductor switches, for example transistors. Since the total voltage of the rectifier is divided by the division into several DC-DC converters, transistors with a maximum voltage of less than 650, 700 or 600 V can be used, for example so-called "super junction FETs". This applies in particular to a 230 V network , if this is connected to the charging circuit in three phases, so that it is not necessary to equip the DC / DC converters with transistors that have to be designed with higher maximum voltages, for example without SiC-MOSFETs, which represent a significant cost factor in particular transistors such as MOSFETs or IGBTs.
  • the switch unit of one of the voltage converters can comprise an electronic switch and a diode. These are connected in series.
  • the switch unit of at least one further voltage converter (In particular the second voltage converter) may comprise two electronic switches that are connected in series.
  • the voltage converters preferably each have a series inductance. These are provided on one side of the voltage converter, which is connected to the vehicle electrical system connection.
  • the series inductance are provided on one side of the voltage converter, on which the voltage converter is connected to the on-board power supply connection.
  • Voltage converters each have a connection point via which the (two) switches of the voltage converter in question are connected to one another, or via which the diode of the switch unit concerned is connected to the switch of the switch unit.
  • the series inductors thus connect the switch units of the voltage converters to the vehicle electrical system connection or to the diode cascade.
  • Each voltage converter can have a smoothing capacitor that connects the side of the series inductance facing away from the switch unit to a potential rail of the relevant DC voltage converter, in particular to a negative potential rail of the relevant DC voltage converter.
  • each DC / DC converter can have a smoothing capacitor which is connected in parallel to the side of the converter which points to the vehicle electrical system connection or to the diode cascade. This side is opposite to the side of the voltage converter which faces the rectifier.
  • the rectifier preferably has one or more switchable half bridges.
  • the half bridges are in particular fully switchable, that is to say each consist of a series connection of two switches such as transistors.
  • the half bridges or their connection points or intermediate taps are in particular direct or via series inductors with the
  • the rectifier between the AC interface and the DC voltage Converter is therefore preferably an active rectifier and, if it is permitted with series inductors as described, can also perform a corrective function with regard to the power factor and / or have a harmonic damping effect.
  • the rectifier is a passive rectifier and in particular is a diode rectifier.
  • the rectifier can be single-phase or preferably multi-phase.
  • the AC voltage interface can be single-phase or is preferably multi-phase, for example three-phase.
  • the rectifier between the AC voltage interface and the DC voltage converters is also preferably configured in one or more phases.
  • the number of phases of the AC voltage interface preferably corresponds to the number of phases of the rectifier to which the AC voltage interface is connected.
  • the number of phases of the AC voltage interface preferably corresponds to the number of phases of the rectifier.
  • the number of phases of the rectifier preferably corresponds to the number of
  • the rectifier comprises a number of (switchable) half bridges, as well as an additional half bridge, which is designed in particular as a diode bridge.
  • Hard-wired or switchable connections between the phases of the AC voltage interface can be provided. These preferably connect all phases to one another if the interface itself is only used in one phase or is operated in one phase. Otherwise the connections are not available or open. The connections are not provided or open in the case of a multi-phase or three-phase assignment of the AC voltage interface. The connections therefore allow configuration and, in particular, the distribution of the current to be carried over all half-bridges of the rectifier, even if the AC interface is occupied only in one phase.
  • the AC voltage interface is thus with several phase contacts.
  • the phase contacts are connected to one another in a single-phase state by means of connections. In a multi-phase state, the phase contacts are individually connected to the individual half bridges, that is to say to the individual half bridges of the rectifier. In the multi-phase state, the phases of the AC voltage interface are not connected to one another.
  • connections can be provided by semiconductor switches, electromechanical switches or by hard-wired, removable connecting elements which are designed, for example, as bridges which are plugged onto pins and can be removed from them.
  • the latter option makes it possible to select a configuration in a simple and cost-effective manner without having to change the rest of the circuit, in order to adapt the charging circuit to single-phase or multi-phase switching.
  • the switch device can have a first configuration switch and a second configuration switch.
  • the first configuration switch connects a voltage rail (preferably positive potential) of the first voltage converter with a voltage rail (preferably positive potential) of the second voltage converter in a switchable manner.
  • the second configuration switch preferably connects a voltage rail (preferably negative potential) of the first voltage converter to a voltage rail (preferably negative potential) of the second voltage converter in a switchable manner.
  • the two configuration switches are assigned to different potentials of the DC voltage converters.
  • the configuration switches can be electromechanical or electronic switches. In one embodiment, the configuration switches are designed like the connections mentioned above.
  • the switch device may further comprise a third configuration switch, which may also be referred to as a disconnect switch. This switch connects a negative Supply potential of the second converter can be switched with a negative supply potential of the vehicle electrical system connection.
  • a third configuration switch which may also be referred to as a disconnect switch. This switch connects a negative Supply potential of the second converter can be switched with a negative supply potential of the vehicle electrical system connection.
  • the charging circuit can also have a controller. This is connected to the configuration switches or to the switch unit in a driving manner. This enables the controller to set whether the DC-DC converters are connected to each other in series or in parallel. In this way, the control can in particular set whether the sides of the DC voltage converters which face the rectifier are connected to one another in parallel or in series. This enables the controller to set whether the current carrying capacity is multiplied by connecting the rectifiers in parallel, or whether the respective operating voltage is divided by connecting the DC-DC converters in series according to the number of DC-DC converters.
  • the controller preferably controls the switch unit in a single-phase state to connect the DC-DC converters in parallel.
  • the controller controls the switch unit to connect the DC / DC converters in series. This applies in particular to the serial or parallel connection of the respective DC link capacitors or the switch units of the DC converter in question.
  • a detection device can be provided which detects the occupancy status at the AC interface and which in particular detects whether one or more phases of the interface are occupied. If several phases are occupied, the multi-phase state is set, and if only one phase is occupied, the single-phase state is set.
  • the detection device can be part of the control system or can be connected upstream of it in order to supply corresponding information to it.
  • the controller can be set up to control the connections, if these are controllable (for example if the connections are designed as switch units).
  • the controller is set up to control the third configuration switch or the disconnect switch in a closed state when the first switching state of the switch device (parallel connection of the voltage converters) is present.
  • the controller is set up to control the third configuration switch or the disconnect switch in an open state when the second switching state is
  • Switch device serial connection of the voltage converter
  • the first and second configuration switches are closed and in the second
  • the control system is set up to control this and is connected to the configuration switches in a controlling manner.
  • the switch device preferably has a series switch. In the closed state, this connects the intermediate circuit capacitors and the switch units in series with one another.
  • the series switch In the first switching state of the switch device, the series switch is open.
  • the series switch In the second switching state of the switch device, the series switch is closed.
  • the first and second configuration switches which can also be referred to as parallel switches, are used for the parallel connection (in the first switching state).
  • the first and second configuration switches are closed (for connecting the voltage converters in parallel).
  • the first and the second configuration switches are open (for the series connection of the voltage converters by means of the series switch).
  • the switch device is preferably in the first switching state (the switching device). If the multiphase state is present at the alternating current interface (for example in the case of multiphase occupancy of the alternating current interface), the switch device is preferably in the second switching state (the switching device). However, there may also be a different control.
  • the second switching state of the switching device can be provided in the single-phase state (ie a single-phase assignment or setting of the AC interface). In this case, there is the lower rectified voltage (compared to the multiphase state), the voltage converters being connected in series, for example with a specific voltage range at the vehicle electrical system connection or a desired power flow mode.
  • the first switching state of the switching device can be provided in the multi-phase state (ie a multi-phase assignment or setting of the AC interface).
  • the higher rectified voltage results, the voltage converters being connected in parallel, for example with a different, specific voltage range at the vehicle electrical system connection or a desired power flow mode.
  • the first and second configuration switches on the one hand and the series switch on the other are controlled alternately. If the first and second configuration switches are closed, the series switch is open. If the series switch is closed, the first and second configuration switches are open.
  • the controller is designed to control this switch or the switch device accordingly.
  • the series switch is part of the switch device.
  • the third configuration switch can be part of the switch device, but can also form a component outside the switch device. The third configuration switch preferably has the same switching position as the first and second configuration switches.
  • the control a part of the control or a directly or indirectly linked control unit can be provided in order to control the DC voltage converters or their switches and / or to control switching devices of the rectifier (if configured as an active rectifier).
  • the control connected to the switch unit in a driving manner can be controlled by a Superordinate control can be arranged, which is also drivingly connected to the control unit that the
  • the breakdown of the control system can ultimately be implemented in different ways.
  • the rectifier can have a diode half bridge which is connected to a neutral conductor contact of the AC voltage interface.
  • the diode half-bridge In addition to the diode half-bridge, the
  • Rectifier half-bridges with switch units each of these half-bridges being assigned a phase of the AC voltage interface or connected to it (for example via inductances).
  • the rectifier can comprise one or preferably a plurality of half bridges, each comprising a series circuit comprising two switching elements or diodes.
  • the rectifier can be designed as an active power factor correction filter or can be designed as a passive rectifier. If the rectifier is designed as an active rectifier, it comprises a plurality of half-bridge circuits which are connected to the AC interface via series inductors. The connections are individual, so that the series inductances also represent an individual connection between the respective half-bridge and phase contact of the AC voltage interface. As mentioned, for single-phase charging or in the single-phase state it can be provided that the phase contacts are connected to one another via corresponding connections.
  • the rectifier can in particular be designed as a Vienna rectifier.
  • the switches of the switch units are preferably semiconductor switches can include transistors such as MOSFETs and IGBTs. It can be provided that each switch of the switch units comprises two semiconductor switches (for example transistors) which are connected in antiseries to one another, in particular if the semiconductor switches have inverse diodes. 1 serves to explain the charging circuit described here in more detail.
  • Fig. 1 shows an electrical system with an exemplary La desciens that is connected via the AC interface AC to a power supply network SN (static).
  • the supply power grid is three-phase and is in particular a public power supply network.
  • the charging circuit comprises the AC voltage interface IF, which is connected to a rectifier PFC.
  • Two rectifier converters W1, W2 are connected to the rectifier. These are connected to one another in a configurable manner by means of a switch device SV.
  • a switch position 1 the DC-DC converters W1, W2 are connected to one another in parallel by means of the switch device SV. This applies in particular to the capacitors CI and C2 of the DC / DC converters W1, W2 or their switching units SEI, 2 or, in other words, their sides facing the rectifier PFC (which can also be regarded as inputs). Switch position 1 corresponds to the first
  • the first DC / DC converter W1 comprises a half bridge, which has a first switch S1 and a diode S2.
  • the half-bridge of the DC-DC converter Wl is thus a half-controlled half-bridge.
  • the DC-DC converter Wl is connected to the positive busbar +, which leads to the rectifier PFC.
  • the second DC-DC converter W2 comprises a half bridge, which has a third switch S3 and a fourth switch S4.
  • the half bridge of the DC-DC converter W2 is thus a fully controlled half bridge.
  • the DC voltage converter W2 is connected to the negative busbar -, which leads to the rectifier PFC.
  • the first DC / DC converter Wl is thus connected to the positive supply potential V +.
  • the positive supply potential of the first DC voltage converter Wl corresponds to the positive supply potential V + of the charging circuit.
  • a second Supply potential of the first DC voltage converter W1 can be connected via the switch device SV to the other supply potential V- of the charging circuit or to a positive supply potential of the second DC voltage converter W2. This makes it possible to choose whether the two DC converters W1, W2 are to be connected in series or in parallel with one another.
  • the second DC-DC converter W2 has a negative supply potential which corresponds to the negative supply potential V- of the charging circuit.
  • the second DC voltage converter W2 also has a potential, namely a positive supply potential, which can be selected in various ways and can be connected to the first DC voltage converter W1 via the switch device SV.
  • the positive supply potential of the second DC voltage converter W2 can be connected to the negative supply potential of the first converter W1 (corresponding to the second switching state, serial connection) or can be connected to the positive supply potential V + of the charging circuit (corresponding to the first switching state, parallel connection).
  • the switch device SV comprises a first and a second configuration switch KS1, KS2 and a series switch SS. Furthermore, the switch device SV comprises the third configuration switch KS3.
  • the configuration switches KS1, KS2 and KS3 are closed.
  • the voltage converters W1, W2 and in particular their respective supply potentials are connected in parallel.
  • the respective switch units SEI, SE2 are connected in parallel in the first switching state 1. This also applies to the intermediate circuit capacitors CI, C2 of the direct voltage converters W1, W2.
  • the third configuration switch KS3 connects the negative voltage potential of the second voltage converter W2 to a negative potential DC or contact of the vehicle electrical system connection AN.
  • the negative voltage potential of the second voltage converter W2 corresponds to the negative voltage potential of the first voltage converter Wl, since configuration switch KS2 has these potentials (in switching state 1) combines.
  • the configuration switch KS2 connects the negative potentials or busbars of the voltage transformers W1, W2 to one another.
  • the configuration switch KS1 connects the positive potentials or busbars of the voltage transformers W1, W2 to one another.
  • the configuration switches KS1 and KS2 are open.
  • the third configuration switch KS3 is also open in switching state 2.
  • the series switch SS is closed.
  • the DC / DC converters W1, W2 are connected to one another in series.
  • the series switch SS connects in
  • Switching state 2 the negative potential or the negative busbar of the first converter W1 with the positive potential or the positive busbar of the second converter W2.
  • the busbars and potentials of the converters mentioned here relate in particular to the busbars to which the respective intermediate circuit capacitor CI, C2 is connected in parallel or which bridges the respective switch unit SEI, SE2.
  • the switching state 1 which is opposite to the switching state shown, SS is open and the switches KS1-3 are closed.
  • the voltage converters W1, W2 in the switching state 1 are each connected directly to the rectifier GR.
  • the DC-DC converters W1, W2 are connected in parallel to one another if the switching state 1 is provided.
  • the switches KS1 - 3 are open or closed at the same time.
  • the switch SS is open when the switches KS1-3 are closed.
  • the switch SS is closed when the configuration switches KS1-3 are open.
  • the switch SS on the one hand and the switches KS1, KS2 and KS3 on the other hand therefore preferably work complementarily to one another (based on their switching state). This applies in particular to the active state of the circuit; when the circuit is inactive, the switches KS1-KS3 and SS can be open.
  • the two direct voltage converters W1, W2 each include an intermediate circuit capacitor CI and C2.
  • the first DC voltage converter Wl has the intermediate circuit capacitor CI.
  • the second DC converter W1 has the intermediate circuit capacitor CI.
  • the intermediate circuit capacitors are each connected in parallel to the supply potentials of the respective DC converters. That mentioned for the intermediate circuit capacitors also applies to the switch units SEI,
  • the DC-DC converter W1 has the switch unit SEI.
  • This comprises a series connection of a switch S1 (listed as a transistor, for example) and a diode S2.
  • the diode S2 is connected to the negative potential of the first DC converter W1.
  • the connection point between the diode S2 and the switch S1 is connected to a series inductor LI.
  • the first series inductance LI connects the first switch unit SEI to the vehicle electrical system connection AN (in particular the positive contact DC +) and to a diode cascade DK, in particular one end of the diode cascade.
  • the connection point of the switch unit SEI is connected to a first end of the series inductance LI and the second end of the series inductance LI is connected to the electrical system connection AN or its positive potential or
  • the DC-DC converter W2 has the switch unit SEI. This comprises a series connection of a second switch S3 (listed as a transistor) and a third switch S4 (listed as a transistor).
  • the third switch S4 is connected to the negative potential of the second DC-DC converter W2.
  • the second switch S3 is connected to the positive potential of the second DC-DC converter W2.
  • the connection point between the second and third switches S2, S4 is connected to a (further) series inductor L2. This is the series inductance L2 of the second DC converter W2.
  • the second series inductance L2 connects the second switch unit SE2 to a connection point within the diode cascade DK.
  • the diode cascade DK comprises a first and a second diode D1, D2, which are connected to one another via a connection point.
  • the diodes D1, D2 are connected in series.
  • the diodes D1, D2 of the diode cascade each have a blocking direction which leads to the positive potential + of Connection AN points.
  • the connection point of the switch unit SEI is connected to a first end of the series inductance L2 and the second end of the series inductance L2 is connected to the connection point of the diode cascade DK.
  • Each of the voltage converters W1, W2 has a smoothing capacitor GK1, GK2.
  • the smoothing capacitor GK1 des
  • Voltage converter Wl is connected in series with the series inductor LI and connected in parallel.
  • the smoothing capacitor GK2 of the voltage converter W2 is connected downstream of the series inductor LI and connected in parallel.
  • the smoothing capacitor GK1 connects the positive potential DC + of the on-board power supply connection AN to the negative potential of the first voltage converter Wl.
  • the smoothing capacitor GK2 connects the negative potential of the second voltage converter W2 to the connection point of the diode cascade or the series inductance L2 of the second converter W2.
  • the switch device SV and the division into two direct voltage converters W1, W2 allow a configurable combination of the voltage converters.
  • the switch SS can be regarded as a series switch (since the
  • the configuration switches KS1, KS2 can be regarded as parallel switches, since the DC-DC converters W1, W2 are then connected in parallel to one another when the configuration switches KS1, KS2 are closed.
  • the switching states of the switch SS on the one hand and the switch KS1, 2 and also the configuration switch KS3 are the same.
  • the switch KS1 is assigned to a positive supply potential
  • the switch KS2 is assigned to a negative supply potential.
  • all switches are open, for example in an inactive mode or in an error mode.
  • a vehicle electrical system can include the charging circuit (in particular the charging circuit shown) and an electrical system section connected to it.
  • the electrical system section has at least one accumulator A and can furthermore have at least one Have (vehicle-side) load and / or an (vehicle-side) electrical energy source.
  • This electrical system section would connect to the charging circuit on the right, as shown in FIG. 1, and is connected, for example, to the connection AN.
  • a battery A can be connected to the vehicle electrical system connection AN of the charging circuit, which is marked by the contacts DC +, DC-.
  • the battery A is in particular not part of the charging device, rather the charging device ends with the contacts DC +, DC- of the vehicle electrical system connection AN or with the vehicle electrical system connection itself.
  • a controller CT is connected to the configuration switches KS1-3 and the series switch SS in a driving manner, as is shown symbolically.
  • the same or a different control can be provided for controlling the switch units SEI, SE2.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Rectifiers (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un circuit de charge côté véhicule qui comprend une interface de tension alternative (AC), un redresseur (PFC) qui lui est raccordé, au moins un premier et un second convertisseur continu-continu (W1, W2) et une borne de réseau de bord (AN). Les convertisseurs continu-continu assurent respectivement une liaison à isolation galvanique et comportent chacun au moins un condensateur de circuit intermédiaire (C1, C2) et au moins une unité de commutation (SE1, SE2). Le redresseur (PFC) est relié à la borne de réseau de bord (AN) par les convertisseurs continu-continu (W1, W2). Le circuit de charge comprend un dispositif de commutation (SV) qui relie les convertisseurs continu-continu (W1, W2) entre eux de façon commutable. Dans un premier état de commutation (1), le dispositif de commutation (SV) relie les condensateurs de circuit intermédiaire (C1, C2) et les unités de commutation (SE1, SE2) des convertisseurs continu-continu (W1, W2) respectivement en parallèle entre eux et relie, dans un deuxième état de commutation (2), les condensateurs de circuit intermédiaire (C1, C2) et les unités de commutation (SE1, SE2) respectivement en série entre eux.
PCT/EP2019/069973 2018-07-26 2019-07-24 Circuit de charge côté véhicule WO2020020974A1 (fr)

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KR1020217003785A KR102492909B1 (ko) 2018-07-26 2019-07-24 차량 측 충전 회로
CN201980049749.6A CN112425025B (zh) 2018-07-26 2019-07-24 车辆侧充电电路

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DE102018212523.6A DE102018212523B4 (de) 2018-07-26 2018-07-26 Fahrzeugseitige Ladeschaltung
DE102018212523.6 2018-07-26

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CN (1) CN112425025B (fr)
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KR20230001338A (ko) * 2021-06-28 2023-01-04 엘지이노텍 주식회사 컨버터

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US20140112025A1 (en) * 2011-06-30 2014-04-24 Sma Solar Technology Ag Capacitor Arrangement for an Intermediate Circuit of a Volatage Converter
EP2892136A1 (fr) * 2014-01-07 2015-07-08 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Convertisseur de courant alternatif en courant continu universel
DE102016102053A1 (de) * 2016-02-05 2017-08-10 Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft Schaltungssystem für eine Ladestation, Ladestation und Verwenden einer Ladestation

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CN113841316A (zh) * 2021-02-05 2021-12-24 华为数字能源技术有限公司 一种充电电路及充电装置

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DE102018212523A1 (de) 2020-01-30
CN112425025B (zh) 2024-05-14
DE102018212523B4 (de) 2021-07-08
KR102492909B1 (ko) 2023-01-27
CN112425025A (zh) 2021-02-26
KR20210029801A (ko) 2021-03-16

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