WO2020020216A1 - 一种光伏瓦安装方法 - Google Patents

一种光伏瓦安装方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020020216A1
WO2020020216A1 PCT/CN2019/097467 CN2019097467W WO2020020216A1 WO 2020020216 A1 WO2020020216 A1 WO 2020020216A1 CN 2019097467 W CN2019097467 W CN 2019097467W WO 2020020216 A1 WO2020020216 A1 WO 2020020216A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
hook
shaped portion
tile
photovoltaic
photovoltaic tile
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2019/097467
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
魏俊云
夏远富
徐智伟
Original Assignee
江苏汉嘉薄膜太阳能科技有限公司
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Application filed by 江苏汉嘉薄膜太阳能科技有限公司 filed Critical 江苏汉嘉薄膜太阳能科技有限公司
Publication of WO2020020216A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020020216A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D1/00—Roof covering by making use of tiles, slates, shingles, or other small roofing elements
    • E04D1/34—Fastenings for attaching roof-covering elements to the supporting elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D1/00—Roof covering by making use of tiles, slates, shingles, or other small roofing elements
    • E04D1/34—Fastenings for attaching roof-covering elements to the supporting elements
    • E04D2001/3408—Fastenings for attaching roof-covering elements to the supporting elements characterised by the fastener type or material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D1/00—Roof covering by making use of tiles, slates, shingles, or other small roofing elements
    • E04D1/34—Fastenings for attaching roof-covering elements to the supporting elements
    • E04D2001/3408—Fastenings for attaching roof-covering elements to the supporting elements characterised by the fastener type or material
    • E04D2001/3438—Fasteners comprising several coacting elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D1/00—Roof covering by making use of tiles, slates, shingles, or other small roofing elements
    • E04D1/34—Fastenings for attaching roof-covering elements to the supporting elements
    • E04D2001/3408—Fastenings for attaching roof-covering elements to the supporting elements characterised by the fastener type or material
    • E04D2001/3441—Series of easily separable fasteners
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D1/00—Roof covering by making use of tiles, slates, shingles, or other small roofing elements
    • E04D1/34—Fastenings for attaching roof-covering elements to the supporting elements
    • E04D2001/347—Fastenings for attaching roof-covering elements to the supporting elements characterised by the fastening pattern
    • E04D2001/3473—Fastenings for attaching roof-covering elements to the supporting elements characterised by the fastening pattern fastening single roof elements to the roof structure with or without indirect clamping of neighbouring roof covering elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D1/00—Roof covering by making use of tiles, slates, shingles, or other small roofing elements
    • E04D1/34—Fastenings for attaching roof-covering elements to the supporting elements
    • E04D2001/3488—Fastenings for attaching roof-covering elements to the supporting elements characterised by the type of roof covering elements being fastened
    • E04D2001/3494—Fastenings for attaching roof-covering elements to the supporting elements characterised by the type of roof covering elements being fastened made of rigid material having a flat external surface

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic tiles, and in particular to a method for installing photovoltaic tiles.
  • Photovoltaic power generation is a technology that directly converts light energy into electricity using the photovoltaic effect of a semiconductor interface. It is the main method and method of using solar energy. With the increasing maturity of photovoltaic power generation technology, the application of photovoltaic power generation is becoming more and more widespread.
  • the application of photovoltaic power generation components to tiles can form photovoltaic tiles.
  • the photovoltaic tile is laid on the roof of the house, does not occupy the floor space, and is not easy to be blocked.
  • the electricity generated by the photovoltaic tile is used for people's daily use, which is conducive to reducing the use of traditional energy sources, reducing living costs, and no pollution to the environment.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a photovoltaic tile installation method.
  • the installation method has the advantages of high efficiency, low difficulty, and difficulty in damage to the photovoltaic tile, which is beneficial to reducing unnecessary damage to the photovoltaic tile during installation.
  • a photovoltaic tile installation method includes:
  • both the first hook-shaped portion and the second hook-shaped portion are provided with a zigzag structure, and when the first hook-shaped portion is hooked with the second hook-shaped portion, the first hook-shaped portion The zigzag structure on the upper portion and the zigzag structure on the second hook portion are engaged with each other.
  • the photovoltaic tile installation method further includes:
  • the first hook-shaped portion and the second hook-shaped portion are fastened and connected by a fastener.
  • the first hook-shaped portion is provided with a mounting hole, and the fastener passes through the mounting hole and abuts against the second hook-shaped portion.
  • each of the first hook-shaped portion and the second hook-shaped portion is provided with a mounting hole, and the fastener passes through the mounting on the first hook-shaped portion and the second hook-shaped portion. After the hole, the first hook-shaped portion and the second hook-shaped portion are fixedly connected.
  • the step of fixing the second mounting member on the surface to be mounted includes:
  • the second mounting member is fixed on the hanging tile member.
  • the step of fixing the hanging tile member on the surface to be installed includes:
  • the hanging tile is fixed on the mounting plate.
  • the number of the tiles is multiple;
  • the photovoltaic tile installation method further includes:
  • a support tile is provided between adjacent hanging tile parts along a first direction of the surface to be installed, and two sides of the support tile are respectively used to support the photovoltaic tile on the corresponding side.
  • the first hook-shaped portion includes a first connection plate vertically connected to the first body of the first mounting member, and a first bending plate vertically connected to the first connection plate
  • the second The hook-shaped portion includes a second connection plate vertically connected to the second body of the second mounting member, and a second bending plate vertically connected to the second connection plate, the first bending plate and the first bending plate.
  • the zigzag structure is set on the two bending plates.
  • the first hook-shaped portion includes a first connection plate vertically connected to the first body of the first mounting member, and the second hook-shaped portion includes a second connection plate vertically connected to the first connection plate.
  • a connection board wherein the first connection board and the second connection board are both provided with a sawtooth structure,
  • the invention provides a photovoltaic tile installation method.
  • the photovoltaic tile installation method first fixes a first mounting member on a photovoltaic tile, fixes a second mounting member on a surface to be mounted, and then installs the first mounting member and the second The components are hooked and connected to each other to achieve the purpose of installing photovoltaic tiles on the surface to be installed.
  • this installation method is not only highly efficient and difficult, but also difficult to damage the photovoltaic tile during the installation process.
  • this safety method is also easy to replace and repair photovoltaic tiles, which is beneficial to reducing maintenance costs and maintenance difficulties, and will not affect other intact photovoltaic tiles during the maintenance process.
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a photovoltaic tile installation method provided by Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a photovoltaic tile installation device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged schematic view at A in FIG. 2; FIG.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a joint between a first hook-shaped portion and a second hook-shaped portion provided in Embodiment 3 of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a joint between a first hook-shaped portion and a second hook-shaped portion provided in Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a photovoltaic tile installation system provided by Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
  • the first mounting member 11. The first body; 12. The first hook-shaped portion; 121; The first connecting plate; 122; The first bending plate;
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a photovoltaic tile installation method according to a first embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the photovoltaic tile installation method specifically includes the following steps:
  • the photovoltaic tile 300 may be a curved tile or a flat tile.
  • the first mounting member 1 includes a plate-shaped first body 11 and a first hook-shaped portion 12 provided at an end of the first body 11, and the first body 11 is fixedly connected to the photovoltaic tile 300;
  • the surface to be installed 100 may be, for example, the surface of a roof of a photovoltaic tile 300 to be installed, or may be another surface of a building.
  • the second mounting member 2 includes a plate-shaped second body 21 and a second hook-shaped portion 22 provided at an end of the second body 21, and the second body 21 is fixedly connected to the surface to be mounted 100;
  • the first hook-shaped portion 12 and the second hook-shaped portion 22 are hooked, so that the photovoltaic tile 300 is mounted on the surface to be mounted 100.
  • a first mounting member 1 is provided on the photovoltaic tile 300 by using bolts
  • a second mounting member 2 is provided on the surface to be mounted 100 by using screws
  • the first mounting member 1 and the second mounting member 2 are hooked to each other.
  • it can be an inverted hook to achieve the purpose of installing the photovoltaic tile 300 on the surface to be installed 100.
  • the installation method provided by this embodiment is not only highly efficient and difficult, but also less likely to damage the photovoltaic tile 300 during the installation process.
  • the photovoltaic tile 300 can also be replaced and repaired by removing the interconnection between the first mounting member 1 and the second mounting member 2, which is not only conducive to reducing maintenance costs and maintenance difficulty, but also During the repair process, other intact photovoltaic tiles 300 will not be affected.
  • the fixing order of the first mounting member 1 and the second mounting member 2 is not limited.
  • the first mounting member 1 may be fixed on the photovoltaic tile 300 first, or the second mounting member 2 may be fixed first. It is fixed on the to-be-installed surface 100. When the installation workers have sufficient personnel, the fixing of the two mounting members can also be performed at the same time.
  • a zigzag structure may also be provided on the surfaces in contact with each other on the first hook-shaped portion 12 and the second hook-shaped portion 22. . Specifically, when the first hook-shaped portion 12 and the second hook-shaped portion 22 are hooked to each other, the positions of the first hook-shaped portion 12 and the second hook-shaped portion 22 are adjusted so that the first hook-shaped portion 12 and the second hook-shaped portion 22 are provided. And the zigzag structure on the second hook portion 22 are engaged with each other. The use of the bite of the sawtooth structure increases the frictional force between the first hook-shaped portion 12 and the second hook-shaped portion 22, thereby avoiding the occurrence of a decoupling phenomenon.
  • the fastener 9 is used.
  • the first hook-shaped portion 12 and the second hook-shaped portion 22 are firmly connected.
  • the first hook-shaped portion 12 may be provided with a mounting hole, and the fastener 9 passes through the mounting hole provided on the first hook-shaped portion 12 and abuts against the second hook-shaped portion 22, thereby realizing the first hook-shaped portion. 12 and the second hook-shaped portion 22 are fastened at the hook.
  • the mounting hole can also be provided on the second hook-shaped portion 22, and the fastener 9 is passed through the mounting hole provided on the second hook-shaped portion 22 and The first hook-shaped portion 12 abuts, or both the first hook-shaped portion 12 and the second hook-shaped portion 22 may be provided with mounting holes, and the fastener 9 is passed through the first hook-shaped portion 12 and the second hook in order.
  • the first hook-shaped portion 12 and the second hook-shaped portion 22 are fixedly connected after the mounting holes in the shape-shaped portion 22, so that the two are fastened.
  • the fastener 9 is preferably a screw, and the mounting hole is preferably a threaded hole.
  • the screw By providing a threaded hole in the first hook portion 12, the screw is passed through the threaded hole and connected to the second hook shape. The part 22 abuts, thereby achieving the purpose of fastening.
  • a threaded hole can also be provided at the corresponding position of the second hook-shaped portion 22, and the first mounting member 1 and the second mounting portion can be mounted by using screws through threaded holes provided in the first hook-shaped portion 12 and the second hook-shaped portion 22 Piece 2 is fastened.
  • the order of setting the screws is not limited here, and the screws can be installed from the inside to the outside or from the outside to the inside.
  • the setting position of the screw may be at least partially coincided with the sawtooth structure, or the setting may be staggered.
  • any one of a tile 200 and a mounting plate 5 may be provided on the to-be-installed surface 100.
  • the mounting plate 5 is first fixed on the to-be-mounted surface 100, and then the hanging tile 200 is fixed on the mounting plate 5, and then the second mounting piece 2 is fixed on the hanging tile.
  • the fixing method of the mounting plate 5 and the surface to be mounted 100, the fixing method of the hanging tile 200 and the mounting plate 5 may be connected by wet bonding with cement 8 or using a connecting member.
  • the solidity of the surface to be mounted 100 is high, only the roof tile 200 or only the mounting plate 5 may be provided.
  • a supporting tile 7 may also be provided below the adjacent photovoltaic tile 300.
  • the support tile 7 in order to facilitate the installation of the support tile 7, after fixing a plurality of tile pieces 200 to the surface to be installed 100, the support tile 7 can be wet-applied to the surface to be installed 100 with cement 8 in the adjacent direction in the first direction.
  • the height of the support tile 7 is adjusted in the space between the tile pieces 200 so that after the photovoltaic tile 300 is installed, the support tile 7 can effectively support the photovoltaic tiles 300 on adjacent sides.
  • the first direction here refers to the direction in which the photovoltaic tiles 300 in the same row are located.
  • the direction in which the photovoltaic tiles 300 in the same column are located is the second direction.
  • the photovoltaic tiles 300 are generally laid in a rectangle on the surface to be installed 100, so the first direction and the second direction are vertically arranged. Because the photovoltaic tiles 300 on the same row need to be partially overlapped, in order to buffer the contact between two adjacent photovoltaic tiles 300, a water-proof rubber strip is provided on the photovoltaic tile 300 located below in the same row of photovoltaic tiles 300 6.
  • the dipped rubber strip 6 is a rubber or plastic material. The dipped rubber strip 6 can also prevent rainwater from pouring into the roof from the gap between two photovoltaic tiles 300 adjacent to each other.
  • Embodiment 2 of the present invention provides a photovoltaic tile installation device using the above-mentioned photovoltaic tile installation method.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a photovoltaic tile installation device provided by Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • the photovoltaic tile installation device mainly includes a first installation piece 1 and a second installation piece 2.
  • the first installation piece 1 is fixed to the photovoltaic tile 300
  • the second installation piece 2 is fixed to the hanging tile piece 200.
  • the first mounting member 1 and the second mounting member 2 are connected to achieve fixing the photovoltaic tile 300 on the surface to be mounted 100.
  • the to-be-installed surface 100 may be a roof or other locations of a building.
  • the first mounting member 1 includes a first body 11 and a first hook-shaped portion 12 provided on the first body 11.
  • the second mounting member 2 includes The second body 21 and the second hook-shaped portion 22 provided on the second body 21.
  • the first hook-shaped portion 12 can be hooked with the second hook-shaped portion 22 and relatively fixed.
  • the photovoltaic tile installation device further includes a fastener 9 for fastening the first hook-shaped portion 12 and the second hook-shaped portion after the first hook-shaped portion 12 and the second hook-shaped portion 22 are hooked together.
  • the portion 22 is relatively fastened, preventing the first hook-shaped portion 12 and the second hook-shaped portion 22 from falling off, and improving the windproof and shock-resistant capability.
  • the photovoltaic tile 300 in order to increase the area where the photovoltaic tile 300 absorbs light energy, the photovoltaic tile 300 is made into an arc structure, and the troughs in the arc structure extend along the inclined direction of the roof to form a drainage groove.
  • the radian of the photovoltaic tile 300 is not limited here, and can be specifically set according to the geographic location where the photovoltaic tile system needs to be installed.
  • the roof tile 200 may be a metal block or a wooden block.
  • the fixing between the first mounting member 1 and the photovoltaic tile 300 may adopt various mechanical connection forms such as welding, bonding, or snap-in, or may be fixed with cement, which is not specifically limited herein.
  • the main body of the first mounting member 1 is plate-shaped, and mounting holes (not shown in the figure) are provided at corresponding positions on the photovoltaic tile 300 and the first mounting member 1.
  • a hard gasket 3 is provided at the hole, and a rubber gasket 4 is provided between the photovoltaic tile 300 and the first mounting member 1 as a buffer.
  • the fastener 9 passes through the hard washer 3, the photovoltaic tile 300, the rubber washer 4 and the main body of the first body 11 in this order and is fastened to the nut.
  • the fixing between the second mounting member 2 and the roof tile 200 can also take various forms such as welding, bonding, or snapping, which is not specifically limited here. From the perspective of convenient installation and disassembly, it is preferable to use threaded connection for fixing. form.
  • the second mounting member 2 is fixed to the roof tile member 200 by screws.
  • the screw is a self-tapping screw, so that the two are more firmly fixed. Since the surface to be installed 100 is usually not a standard planar structure, it is difficult for the roof tile 200 to be reliably fixed to the surface to be installed 100. Therefore, it is preferable to install a mounting plate 5 between the roof tile 200 and the surface 100 to be installed. It is fixed to the hanging tile 200 and the surface to be installed 100, respectively.
  • the function of the mounting plate 5 is to level the mounting brackets 200 on the mounting plate 5.
  • FIG. 2 is an implementation manner provided by Embodiment 2 of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged view at A in FIG. 2.
  • the first hook-shaped portion 12 includes a first connection plate 121 and a first bending plate 122.
  • the first connection plate 121 is connected to the first body 11.
  • the first connection plate 121 is disposed perpendicular to the first body 11.
  • the first bending plate 122 is disposed in parallel with the first body 11.
  • the second hook-shaped portion 22 includes a second connection plate 221 and a second bending plate 222.
  • the second connection plate 221 is connected to the second body 21.
  • the second connection plate 221 is disposed perpendicularly to the second body 21, and the second bending plate 222 is disposed parallel to the second body 21.
  • the first hook-shaped portion 12 and the second hook-shaped portion 22 are hooked, the first bending plate 122 and the second bending plate 222 can be fitted together.
  • the first bending plate 122 and the second bending plate 222 are both provided with a sawtooth structure, and the sawtooth structure on the first bending plate 122 and the sawtooth on the second bending plate 222 can be provided. Structural occlusion, this arrangement can further increase the fastening strength. Further, FIG.
  • FIG. 3 shows a state where the connection is not fastened in the second embodiment.
  • a threaded hole is provided on a side of the first body 11 near the first hook portion 12, and the fastener 9 passes through the thread. The hole abuts on the second bent plate 222. Since the second hook-shaped portion 22 is fixed to the tile 200 by the second body 21, when the fastener 9 is tightened, the fastener 9 drives the first hook-shaped portion under the reaction force of the second bending plate 222 12 movement, so that the first bending plate 122 approaches the second bending plate 222 until the sawtooth structure on the first bending plate 122 and the second bending plate 222 is engaged, and finally the first hook-shaped portion 12 and the first The two hook portions 22 are fastened at the hooks.
  • the fastener 9 is a hexagon socket bolt. This arrangement solves the problem of insufficient space for the wrench during the installation process, and it is easier to tighten. Further, when the connection at this place needs to be disassembled, it is only necessary to loosen the bolt from the outside, which makes installation and removal more convenient.
  • the screws and bolts are selected from stainless steel.
  • the first mounting member 1 and the second mounting member 2 may also be made of a corrosion-resistant material such as stainless steel.
  • the first mounting member 1 and the second mounting member 2 are made of aluminum.
  • a water-proof rubber strip 6 is also provided between the two photovoltaic tiles 300 overlapped on top of each other.
  • the water-proof rubber strip 6 is preferably a rubber or plastic material, and the water-proof rubber strip 6 is fixed adjacent One of the two photovoltaic tiles 300 is located on the lower photovoltaic tile 300, so that the contact between two adjacent photovoltaic tiles 300 is buffered.
  • the photovoltaic tile installation device provided in the third embodiment of the present invention is provided with threaded holes at the overlapping positions of the first bending plate 122 and the second bending plate 222, or on the first bending plate 122.
  • a through hole is provided, and a threaded hole is correspondingly provided on the second bending plate 222.
  • the two bent plates 222 are screwed into the screw holes and tightened.
  • the fastener 9 in the third embodiment may be an external hexagon bolt.
  • the fastener 9 in the third embodiment may be an external hexagon bolt.
  • the threaded holes in the third embodiment are opened on the first bending plate 122 and the second bending plate 222, which destroys the sawtooth structure to some extent, but there is a certain wrench space, so it can be based on actual needs. Make your selection.
  • Embodiment 4 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 4:
  • the photovoltaic tile installation device provided by the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the first and second hook portions 12 and 22 are not provided with the first and second bending plates 122 and 222.
  • a zigzag structure is directly provided on the first connection plate 121 and a zigzag structure is provided on the second connection plate 221.
  • the zigzag structure on the first connection plate 121 can be engaged with the zigzag structure on the second connection plate 221 to realize the first hook. Hooking of the shape part 12 and the second hook shape part 22.
  • a threaded hole is opened in the sawtooth structure on the first connection plate 121 and a sawtooth structure on the second connection plate 221, or a through hole is opened in the sawtooth structure on the first connection plate 121, and the second connection plate 221 is opened.
  • a threaded hole is provided on the zigzag structure on the upper side.
  • the fastener 9 is inserted from the threaded hole or through hole on the first connection plate 121 into the threaded hole on the second connection plate 221 and tightened. During the tightening process, the first connection plate is automatically inserted. 121 and the second connection plate 221 are fastened at the hooks.
  • the fastener 9 in the fourth embodiment can be an external hexagon bolt or an internal hexagon bolt. When the connection needs to be disassembled, there is a certain wrench space on the outside, and the bolt can be loosened from the outside.
  • Figure 5 The position of the middle bolt makes the operation more convenient.
  • Embodiment 6 of the present invention also proposes a photovoltaic tile installation system, which includes photovoltaic tiles 300, support tiles 7, and any one of the three embodiments described above.
  • the photovoltaic tile 300 is fixed on the surface to be installed by the photovoltaic tile installation device in the above embodiment.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a photovoltaic tile installation system provided by the present invention.
  • a photovoltaic tile 300 is installed on a surface 100 to be installed by a photovoltaic tile installation device, and the photovoltaic tile 300 is connected to an adjacent support tile 7.
  • the two ends of the supporting tile 7 support the photovoltaic tile 300 on the corresponding side respectively.
  • the supporting tile 7 and the hanging tile 200 are fixed on the surface to be installed 100 by cement 8.
  • the photovoltaic tile 300 is located above the supporting tile 7 .
  • the above photovoltaic tile system further includes a hanging tile piece 200 and a mounting plate 5.
  • the mounting plate 5 is fixed to the surface to be installed 100, and the hanging tile piece 200 is fixed on the mounting plate 5.
  • the second mounting member 2 in the photovoltaic tile installation device is fixed on the hanging tile member 200, and the supporting tile 7 is fixed on the surface to be installed 100 and is located between the two hanging tile members 200.
  • the support tile 7 is further provided with a water guide groove, which can better lead out water between two adjacent photovoltaic tiles 300.
  • the photovoltaic tile installation system provided by the present invention has a simple structure, convenient installation and removal, and can quickly and accurately install the photovoltaic tile 300 on the surface 100 to be installed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Roof Covering Using Slabs Or Stiff Sheets (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种光伏瓦安装方法，属于光伏瓦技术领域。本发明所提供的光伏瓦安装方法首先将第一安装件固定在光伏瓦上，将第二安装件固定在待安装面上，然后通过第一安装件和第二安装件的挂接达到将光伏瓦安装至待安装面的目的。相较于现有技术中光伏瓦安装方法，该安装方法不仅效率高、难度小，且在安装过程中不易损坏光伏瓦。此外，当部分光伏瓦发生破损时，该种安装方式还便于更换和维修光伏瓦，有利于降低维修成本和维修难度，且在维修过程中不会影响其他完好的光伏瓦。

Description

一种光伏瓦安装方法 技术领域
本发明涉及光伏瓦技术领域，尤其涉及一种光伏瓦安装方法。
背景技术
随着经济的快速发展和人们生活水平的日益提高，新型能源的开发和利用是解决能源危机的根本办法，太阳能是新能源中的重要分类，其不仅是清洁能源，在使用过程中不会产生有害物质，且储备巨大。
光伏发电是利用半导体界面的光生伏特效应将光能直接转换为电能的一种技术，其是利用太阳能的主要手段和方法。随着光伏发电技术的日益成熟，光伏发电的应用场合越来越广泛，将光伏发电组件应用到瓦片上能够形成光伏瓦。光伏瓦铺设在房顶上，不占用地面空间，且不易被遮挡，光伏瓦产生的电量用于人们日常使用，有利于减少传统能源的使用，降低生活成本，且对环境无污染。
由于光伏瓦安装时需要保证表面洁净且在安装过程中容易被损坏，安装传统瓦片的水泥湿贴方式并不适合光伏瓦，现有技术中一般将光伏瓦直接铺设在房顶上，安装难度较大，因此专门用于安装光伏瓦的方法是现在亟需解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种光伏瓦安装方法，该安装方法安装光伏瓦的效率高，难度小，且不易损坏光伏瓦，有利于降低安装过程中光伏瓦不必要的破损。
为达此目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：
一种光伏瓦安装方法，包括：
将光伏瓦与第一安装件固定，所述第一安装件包括第一钩状部；
将第二安装件固定在待安装面上，所述第二安装件包括第二钩状部；
将所述第一钩状部与所述第二钩状部勾连，以使所述光伏瓦安装在所述待安装面上。
作为优选，所述第一钩状部和所述第二钩状部上均设置有锯齿结构，所述第一钩状部与所述第二钩状部勾连时，所述第一钩状部上的锯齿结构和所述第二钩状部上的锯齿结构相互咬合。
作为优选，将所述第一钩状部与所述第二钩状部勾连的步骤后，所述光伏瓦安装方法还包括：
通过紧固件将所述第一钩状部和所述第二钩状部紧固连接。
作为优选，所述第一钩状部设置有安装孔，所述紧固件穿过所述安装孔并与所述第二钩状部抵接。
作为优选，所述第一钩状部及所述第二钩状部上均设置有安装孔，所述紧固件穿过所述第一钩状部及所述第二钩状部上的安装孔后将所述第一钩状部与第二钩状部固定连接。
作为优选，将第二安装件固定在待安装面上的步骤包括：
将挂瓦件固定在所述待安装面上；
将所述第二安装件固定在所述挂瓦件上。
作为优选，将所述挂瓦件固定在所述待安装面上的步骤包括：
将安装板固定在所述待安装面上；
将所述挂瓦件固定在所述安装板上。
作为优选，所述挂瓦件的数目为多个；
将所述挂瓦件固定在所述待安装面的步骤后，所述光伏瓦安装方法还包括：
沿所述待安装面的第一方向，在相邻所述挂瓦件之间设置支撑瓦，所述支撑瓦的两侧边分别用于支撑对应侧的所述光伏瓦。
作为优选，所述第一钩状部包括与所述第一安装件的第一主体垂直连接的第一连接板以及与所述第一连接板垂直连接的第一弯折板，所述第二钩状部包括与所述第二安装件的第二主体垂直连接的第二连接板以及与所述第二连接板垂直连接的第二弯折板，所述第一弯折板和所述第二弯折板上均设置锯齿结构，
所述第一钩状部与所述第二钩状部勾连时，所述第一弯折板上的锯齿结构和所述第二弯折板上的锯齿结构相互咬合。
作为优选，所述第一钩状部包括与所述第一安装件的第一主体垂直连接的第一连接板，所述第二钩状部包括与所述第一连接板垂直连接的第二连接板，所述第一连接板和所述第二连接板上均设置锯齿结构，
所述第一钩状部与所述第二钩状部勾连时，所述第一连接板上的锯齿结构和所述第二连接板上的锯齿结构相互咬合。
本发明的有益效果：
本发明提供了一种光伏瓦安装方法，该光伏瓦安装方法首先将第一安装件固定在光伏瓦上，将第二安装件固定在待安装面上，然后通过第一安装件和第二安装件的相互勾连、挂接达到将光伏瓦安装至待安装面的目的。相较于现有技术中光伏瓦安装方法，该安装方法不仅效率高、难度小，且在安装过程中不 易损坏光伏瓦。此外，当部分光伏瓦发生破损时，该种安状方式还便于更换和维修光伏瓦，有利于降低维修成本和维修难度，且在维修过程中不会影响其他完好的光伏瓦。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例一提供的光伏瓦安装方法的流程图；
图2是本发明实施例二提供的光伏瓦安装装置的结构示意图；
图3是图2中A处的放大示意图；
图4是本发明实施例三提供的第一钩状部和第二钩状部连接处的结构示意图；
图5是本发明实施例四提供的第一钩状部和第二钩状部连接处的结构示意图；
图6是本发明实施例五提供的光伏瓦安装系统的结构示意图。
图中：
100、待安装面；200、挂瓦件；300、光伏瓦；
1、第一安装件；11、第一主体；12、第一钩状部；121、第一连接板；122、第一弯折板；
2、第二安装件；21、第二主体；22、第二钩状部；221、第二连接板；222、第二弯折板；
3、硬质垫片；
4、橡胶垫片；
5、安装板；
6、披水胶条；
7、支撑瓦；
8、水泥；
9、紧固件。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图并通过具体实施方式来进一步说明本发明的技术方案。
实施例一：
图1为本发明实施例一所提供的光伏瓦安装方法的流程图。如图1和图2所示，该光伏瓦安装方法具体包括如下步骤：
将光伏瓦300与第一安装件1固定，第一安装件1包括第一钩状部12；
其中，光伏瓦300可以为曲面瓦，也可以平面瓦。第一安装件1包括呈板状的第一主体11和设置在第一主体11端部的第一钩状部12，第一主体11与光伏瓦300固定连接；
将第二安装件2固定在待安装面100上，第二安装件2包括第二钩状部22；
待安装面100例如可以是待安装光伏瓦300的屋顶的表面，也可以是建筑物的其他表面。第二安装件2包括呈板状的第二主体21和设置在第二主体21端部的第二钩状部22，第二主体21与待安装面100固定连接；
将第一钩状部12与第二钩状部22勾连，以使光伏瓦300安装在待安装面100上。
在本实施例中，利用螺栓在光伏瓦300上设置第一安装件1，利用螺钉在待安装面100上设置第二安装件2，通过第一安装件1和第二安装件2的相互勾连，例如可以是倒勾，实现了将光伏瓦300安装至待安装面100上的目的。 相较于现有技术中利用水泥在待安装面湿贴光伏瓦，本实施例提供的安装方式不仅效率高、难度小，且在安装过程中不易损坏光伏瓦300。此外，当部分光伏瓦300发生破损时，还能够通过解除第一安装件1和第二安装件2的相互勾连的方式更换和维修光伏瓦300，不仅有利于降低维修成本和维修难度，且在维修过程中不会影响其他完好的光伏瓦300。
具体地，在上述步骤中，第一安装件1和第二安装件2的固定顺序不做限定，可以先将第一安装件1固定在光伏瓦300上，也可以先将第二安装件2固定在待安装面100上，当安装工人的人员比较充足时，两个安装件的固定也可以同时进行。
进一步地，为了保证第一钩状部12和第二钩状部22相互勾连的稳定性，还可以在第一钩状部12以及第二钩状部22上的相互接触的表面上设置锯齿结构。具体地，当第一钩状部12和第二钩状部22相互勾连在一起时，通过调整第一钩状部12和第二钩状部22的位置，使设置在第一钩状部12和第二钩状部22上的锯齿结构相互咬合。利用锯齿结构的咬合增大第一钩状部12和第二钩状部22之间的摩擦力，从而避免发生脱钩现象。
为了进一步提高第一钩状部12和第二钩状部22相互勾连的紧实度，还可以在将第一钩状部12和第二钩状部22相互勾连后，利用紧固件9将所述第一钩状部12和所述第二钩状部22紧固连接。所述第一钩状部12可以设置有安装孔，紧固件9穿过设置在第一钩状部12上的安装孔与第二钩状部22抵接，从而实现将第一钩状部12和第二钩状部22在钩挂处紧固，当然安装孔也可以设置在第二钩状部22上，利用紧固件9穿过设置在第二钩状部22上的安装孔与第一钩状部12抵接，或者也可以在第一钩状部12与第二钩状部22上均设置安 装孔，利用紧固件9依次穿过第一钩状部12及第二钩状部22上的安装孔后将第一钩状部12与第二钩状部22固定连接，实现两者紧固。为了便于后期维修和更换光伏瓦300，紧固件9优先选用螺钉，安装孔优选为螺纹孔，通过在第一钩状部12上设置螺纹孔，利用螺钉穿过螺纹孔后与第二钩状部22抵接，从而实现紧固的目的。当然也可以在第二钩状部22的对应位置设置螺纹孔，利用螺钉穿过设置在第一钩状部12和第二钩状部22上的螺纹孔将第一安装件1和第二安装件2紧固。螺钉的穿设顺序在此不做限定，可以由内向外穿设，也可以由外向内穿设。螺钉的设置位置可以与锯齿结构至少部分重合，也可以错开设置。
进一步地，为了避免第二安装件2固定在待安装面100上对待安装面100造成的机械损伤，可以在待安装面100上设置挂瓦件200、安装板5中至少任一。当同时设置挂瓦件200和安装板5时，首先将安装板5固定在待安装面100上，然后将挂瓦件200固定在安装板5上，之后将第二安装件2固定在挂瓦件200。安装板5与待安装面100的固定方式、挂瓦件200和安装板5的固定方式均可以为利用水泥8湿贴或者利用连接件连接。当然如果待安装面100的坚实程度较高，也可以仅设置挂瓦件200或仅设置安装板5。
参照图6，为了对光伏瓦300进行有效地支撑，使光伏瓦300具有更强的防风抗震能力，还可以在相邻光伏瓦300之间的下方设置支撑瓦7。具体地，为了便于安装支撑瓦7，在将多个挂瓦件200固定在待安装面100后，即可将支撑瓦7利用水泥8湿贴在待安装面100第一方向上位于相邻挂瓦件200之间的空间内，并调整支撑瓦7的高度，以便安装光伏瓦300后，支撑瓦7能够对相邻两侧的光伏瓦300形成有效地支撑。此处的第一方向指的是同一排的光伏 瓦300所在的方向。同一列的光伏瓦300所在的方向为第二方向，在一些实施例中，光伏瓦300在待安装面100上一般铺设成矩形，因此第一方向和第二方向垂直设置。在同一列上的光伏瓦300由于需要部分搭接，为了使相邻两片光伏瓦300之间的接触受到缓冲，在同一列光伏瓦300中位于下方的光伏瓦300上设置有披水胶条6，披水胶条6为橡胶或塑胶材料，披水胶条6还可以防止雨水从上下相邻的两片光伏瓦300之间的间隙中倒灌入屋面。
实施例二
本发明实施例二提供了一种使用上述光伏瓦安装方法的光伏瓦安装装置，图2为本发明实施例二提供的光伏瓦安装装置的结构示意图。如图2所示，光伏瓦安装装置主要包括第一安装件1和第二安装件2，第一安装件1与光伏瓦300固定，第二安装件2与挂瓦件200固定。第一安装件1和第二安装件2连接，实现将光伏瓦300固定在待安装面100上。具体地，待安装面100可以是屋顶，也可以是建筑的其他位置，以屋顶为例，即待安装面100是由较大倾斜角度的。因此，为了防止光伏瓦掉落以及为了实现更强的防风抗震能力，第一安装件1包括第一主体11和设置在第一主体11上的第一钩状部12，第二安装件2包括第二主体21和设置在第二主体21上的第二钩状部22，第一钩状部12能与第二钩状部22钩挂且相对固定。进一步地，光伏瓦安装装置还包括紧固件9，紧固件9用于在第一钩状部12和第二钩状部22钩挂配合后将第一钩状部12和第二钩状部22相对紧固，防止第一钩状部12和第二钩状部22脱落，提高了防风抗震能力。进一步地，在本发明中，为了增大光伏瓦300吸收光能的面积，将光伏瓦300制作成弧形结构，弧形结构中的波谷沿着屋顶的倾斜方向延伸，形成排水槽。光伏瓦300的弧度在此不做限制，可以根据该光伏瓦系 统需要安装的地理位置进行具体设定。挂瓦件200可以为金属块或者木块。
第一安装件1与光伏瓦300之间的固定，可以采用焊接、粘接或卡接等多种机械连接形式，也可以用水泥固定，在此并不具体限定。具体地，如图2所示，第一安装件1的主体呈板状，光伏瓦300和第一安装件1上对应位置设置有安装孔(图中未示出)，在光伏瓦300的安装孔处设置有硬质垫片3，并在光伏瓦300和第一安装件1之间设置有橡胶垫片4以作为缓冲。紧固件9依次穿过硬质垫片3、光伏瓦300、橡胶垫片4和第一主体11的主体后与螺母紧固。
第二安装件2与挂瓦件200之间的固定，同样可以采用焊接、粘接或卡接等多种形式，在此并不具体限定，从实际安装和拆卸方便角度，优选采用螺纹连接固定的形式。具体地，如图2所示，第二安装件2通过螺钉与挂瓦件200固定，优选该螺钉为自攻螺丝的螺钉，使得两者的固定更牢固。由于待安装面100本身通常并非标准的平面结构，使得挂瓦件200难以与待安装面100可靠固定，因此，在挂瓦件200与待安装面100之间优选设置安装板5，安装板5分别与挂瓦件200与待安装面100固定。安装板5的作用是找平，使安装在安装板5上的挂瓦件200更容易安装。
进一步地，挂钩以及紧固件9将第一钩状部12和第二钩状部22在钩挂处紧固的实施方式有多种。图2为本发明实施例二提供的一种实施方式，图3是图2中A处的放大图。从图3可见，第一钩状部12包括第一连接板121和第一弯折板122，第一连接板121与第一主体11连接。优选地，第一连接板121垂直第一主体11设置。第一弯折板122平行第一主体11设置。第二钩状部22包括第二连接板221和第二弯折板222，第二连接板221与第二主体21连接。优 选地，第二连接板221垂直第二主体21设置，第二弯折板222平行第二主体21设置。当第一钩状部12与第二钩状部22钩挂时，第一弯折板122和第二弯折板222能够贴合。优选地，如图3所示，第一弯折板122和第二弯折板222上均设置有锯齿结构，第一弯折板122上的锯齿结构能和第二弯折板222上的锯齿结构咬合，这种设置能够进一步增加紧固强度。进一步地，图3所示为实施例二中提供的连接处未紧固的状态，在第一主体11上靠近第一钩状部12的一侧设置有螺纹孔，紧固件9穿过螺纹孔抵接在第二弯折板222上。由于第二钩状部22通过第二主体21与挂瓦件200固定，因此，当拧紧紧固件9时，紧固件9在第二弯折板222的反作用力下驱动第一钩状部12运动，使得第一弯折板122向第二弯折板222靠近，直至第一弯折板122和第二弯折板222上的锯齿结构咬合，最终实现将第一钩状部12和第二钩状部22在钩挂处紧固。优选地，该紧固件9为内六角螺栓，这种设置解决了安装过程中，扳手空间不足的问题，拧紧更加容易。进一步地，当该处连接需要拆卸时，只需将螺栓从外部拧松即可，使得安装和拆卸都更加方便。
进一步地，为了避免螺钉和螺栓在长期风吹日晒中生锈从而导致连接强度降低，螺钉和螺栓选择采用不锈钢材质。同理，为了避免第一安装件1和第二安装件2生锈，第一安装件1和第二安装件2也可以选择采用不锈钢等耐腐蚀的材料制成。但是由于不锈钢的成本较高，在本实施例中，第一安装件1和第二安装件2采用铝材制成。进一步地，如图2所示，上下搭接的两片光伏瓦300之间还设置有披水胶条6，优选披水胶条6为橡胶或塑胶材料，披水胶条6固定在相邻两片光伏瓦300中处于下方的一片光伏瓦300上，使得相邻两片光伏瓦300之间的接触受到缓冲。
实施例三：
本发明实施例三提供的光伏瓦安装装置，如图4所示，在第一弯折板122和第二弯折板222的重合处均设置有螺纹孔，或在第一弯折板122上设置通孔，第二弯折板222上对应设置螺纹孔。在实际使用过程中，先将第一弯折板122和第二弯折板222上的锯齿结构咬合上，将紧固件9从第一弯折板122上的螺纹孔或通孔，插入第二弯折板222上的螺纹孔中并拧紧，拧紧过程中，自动将第一钩状部12和第二钩状部22在钩挂处紧固。实施例三中的紧固件9可以选用为外六角螺栓，当该处连接需要拆卸时，外部具备一定的扳手空间，可将螺栓从外部拧松即可，使得安装和拆卸都更加方便。可以预计地是，实施例三中螺纹孔开设在第一弯折板122和第二弯折板222上，一定程度上破坏了锯齿结构，但有具备了一定的扳手空间，因此可以根据实际需要进行选择。
实施例四：
本发明实施例四提供的光伏瓦安装装置，具体地，如图5所示，第一钩状部12和第二钩状部22并没有设置第一弯折板122和第二弯折板222，直接在第一连接板121上设置锯齿结构，在第二连接板221上设置锯齿结构，第一连接板121上的锯齿结构能和第二连接板221上的锯齿结构咬合，实现第一钩状部12和第二钩状部22的钩挂。进一步地，在第一连接板121上的锯齿结构和第二连接板221上的锯齿结构上开设螺纹孔，或在第一连接板121上的锯齿结构上开设通孔，在第二连接板221上的锯齿结构上开设螺纹孔，将紧固件9从第一连接板121上的螺纹孔或通孔插入第二连接板221上的螺纹孔并拧紧，拧紧过程中，自动将第一连接板121和第二连接板221在钩挂处紧固。实施例四中的紧固件9可以选用为外六角螺栓，也可选用内六角螺栓，当该处连接需要 拆卸时，外部具备一定的扳手空间，可将螺栓从外部拧松即可，图5中螺栓的位置，操作更方便。
如图6所示，本发明实施例六还提出了一种光伏瓦安装系统，包括间隔设置的光伏瓦300、支撑瓦7和上述三个实施例中的任意一种光伏瓦安装装置，每片光伏瓦300通过上述实施例中的光伏瓦安装装置固定在待安装面。具体地，图6是本发明提供的光伏瓦安装系统的结构示意图，从图6中可见，光伏瓦300通过光伏瓦安装装置安装于待安装面100，光伏瓦300与相邻的支撑瓦7搭接，且搭接处，支撑瓦7的两端分别支撑对应侧的光伏瓦300，支撑瓦7和挂瓦件200通过水泥8固定在待安装面100上，光伏瓦300位于支撑瓦7的上方。上述光伏瓦系统还包括：挂瓦件200和安装板5，安装板5固定于待安装面100，挂瓦件200固定在安装板5上。光伏瓦安装装置中的第二安装件2固定在挂瓦件200上，支撑瓦7固定在待安装面100上，且位于两个挂瓦件200之间。进一步地，支撑瓦7上还设置有导水槽，能够将相邻两个光伏瓦300之间的水更好地导出。
本发明提出的光伏瓦安装系统，结构简单，安装和拆卸方便，能够将光伏瓦300快速、准确地安装在待安装面100上。
显然，本发明的上述实施例仅仅是为了清楚说明本发明所作的举例，而并非是对本发明的实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说，在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动。这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明权利要求的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种光伏瓦安装方法，其特征在于，包括：
    将光伏瓦(300)与第一安装件(1)固定，所述第一安装件(1)包括第一钩状部(12)；
    将第二安装件(2)固定在待安装面(100)上，所述第二安装件(2)包括第二钩状部(22)；
    将所述第一钩状部(12)与所述第二钩状部(22)勾连挂接，以使所述光伏瓦(300)安装在所述待安装面(100)上。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的光伏瓦安装方法，其特征在于，所述第一钩状部(12)和所述第二钩状部(22)上均设置有锯齿结构，
    所述第一钩状部(12)与所述第二钩状部(22)勾连时，所述第一钩状部(12)上的锯齿结构和所述第二钩状部(22)上的锯齿结构相互咬合。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的光伏瓦安装方法，其特征在于，将所述第一钩状部(12)与所述第二钩状部(22)勾连的步骤后，所述光伏瓦安装方法还包括：
    通过紧固件(9)将所述第一钩状部(12)和所述第二钩状部(22)紧固连接。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的光伏瓦安装方法，其特征在于，所述第一钩状部(12)设置有安装孔，所述紧固件(9)穿过所述安装孔并与所述第二钩状部(22)抵接。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的光伏瓦安装方法，其特征在于，所述第一钩状部(12)及所述第二钩状部(22)上均设置有安装孔，所述紧固件(9)穿过所述第一钩状部(12)及所述第二钩状部(22)上的安装孔后将所述第一钩状部(12) 与所述第二钩状部(22)固定连接。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的光伏瓦安装方法，其特征在于，将第二安装件(2)固定在待安装面(100)上的步骤包括：
    将挂瓦件(200)固定在所述待安装面(100)上；
    将所述第二安装件(2)固定在所述挂瓦件(200)上。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的光伏瓦安装方法，其特征在于，将所述挂瓦件(200)固定在所述待安装面(100)上的步骤包括：
    将安装板(5)固定在所述待安装面(100)上；
    将所述挂瓦件(200)固定在所述安装板(5)上。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的光伏瓦安装方法，其特征在于，所述挂瓦件(200)的数目为多个；
    将所述挂瓦件(200)固定在所述待安装面(100)的步骤后，所述光伏瓦安装方法还包括：
    沿所述待安装面(100)的第一方向，在相邻所述挂瓦件(200)之间设置支撑瓦(7)，所述第一方向是同一排的光伏瓦(300)所在的方向，所述支撑瓦(7)的两侧边分别用于支撑对应侧的所述光伏瓦(300)。
  9. 根据权利要求2所述的光伏瓦安装方法，其特征在于，所述第一钩状部(12)包括与所述第一安装件(1)的第一主体(11)垂直连接的第一连接板(121)以及与所述第一连接板(121)垂直连接的第一弯折板(122)，所述第二钩状部(22)包括与所述第二安装件(2)的第二主体(21)垂直连接的第二连接板(221)以及与所述第二连接板(221)垂直连接的第二弯折板(222)，所述第一弯折板(122)和所述第二弯折板(222)上均设置锯齿结构，
    所述第一钩状部(12)与所述第二钩状部(22)勾连时，所述第一弯折板(122)上的锯齿结构和所述第二弯折板(222)上的锯齿结构相互咬合。
  10. 根据权利要求2所述的光伏瓦安装方法，其特征在于，
    所述第一钩状部(12)包括与所述第一安装件(1)的第一主体(11)垂直连接的第一连接板(121)，所述第二钩状部(22)包括与所述第一连接板(121)垂直连接的第二连接板(221)，所述第一连接板(121)和所述第二连接板(221)上均设置锯齿结构，
    所述第一钩状部(12)与所述第二钩状部(22)勾连时，所述第一连接板(121)上的锯齿结构和所述第二连接板(221)上的锯齿结构相互咬合。
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