WO2020019922A1 - 热泵溶液浓缩联产电系统及方法 - Google Patents

热泵溶液浓缩联产电系统及方法 Download PDF

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WO2020019922A1
WO2020019922A1 PCT/CN2019/092572 CN2019092572W WO2020019922A1 WO 2020019922 A1 WO2020019922 A1 WO 2020019922A1 CN 2019092572 W CN2019092572 W CN 2019092572W WO 2020019922 A1 WO2020019922 A1 WO 2020019922A1
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outlet
inlet
condenser
storage tank
rectifier
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French (fr)
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岳晨
王鹏恩
何纬峰
蒲文灏
张绮钰
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Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
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Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B30/00—Heat pumps
    • F25B30/02—Heat pumps of the compression type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B30/00—Heat pumps
    • F25B30/06—Heat pumps characterised by the source of low potential heat
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/27—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/62—Absorption based systems

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heat pump solution concentration cogeneration power generation system and method, and belongs to the field of energy saving.
  • Concentration usually uses a heating method to evaporate the solvent in the solution, thereby increasing the concentration of the solution.
  • the direct heating method consumes high energy.
  • a heat pump system is usually used to provide the heat of solvent evaporation.
  • the boiling point of the solution will increase with the increase of the concentration.
  • the condensing and exothermic temperature of the working medium of the heat pump system needs to be increased, resulting in a significant decrease in the heating energy efficiency ratio (COP) of the heat pump system and energy consumption As a result, the high-temperature steam is directly discharged, and a considerable amount of internal energy is wasted.
  • COP heating energy efficiency ratio
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a low-energy-consumption, anti-blocking heat pump solution concentration cogeneration system and method.
  • the system includes a dilute solution storage tank, a rectifier, an evaporator, a gas-liquid separator, a diverter, a concentrated solution storage tank, a solution pump, a turbine, a condenser, a water pump, a fresh water storage tank, a compressor, and a throttle valve;
  • the evaporator includes hot side inlet, hot side outlet, cold side inlet and cold side outlet;
  • the condenser includes a hot-side inlet, a hot-side outlet, a cold-side inlet, and a cold-side outlet;
  • the rectifier includes a first inlet, a second inlet, and an outlet;
  • the shunt includes an inlet, a first outlet, and a second outlet;
  • Gas-liquid separator includes inlet, gas outlet, liquid outlet;
  • the dilute solution storage tank is connected to the first inlet of the rectifier, the rectifier outlet is connected to the cold side inlet of the evaporator, the cold side outlet is connected to the gas-liquid separator inlet, the gas-liquid separator liquid outlet is connected to the splitter inlet, and the splitter first outlet Connected to the concentrated solution storage tank, the second outlet of the splitter is connected to the second inlet of the rectifier through the solution pump, the gas outlet of the gas-liquid separator is connected to the hot side inlet of the condenser through the turbine, and the hot side outlet of the condenser is connected to the fresh water storage tank through the water pump Connected
  • the hot-side outlet of the evaporator is connected to the cold-side inlet of the condenser through a throttle valve, and the cold-side outlet of the condenser is connected to the hot-side inlet of the evaporator through a compressor.
  • the working method of the heat pump solution concentration cogeneration power system according to the present invention includes the following processes:
  • the dilute solution in the dilute solution storage tank enters the rectifier from the first inlet of the rectifier, then enters the cold side of the evaporator, is heated and concentrated by the refrigerant on its hot side, and then enters the gas-liquid separator, in which the water vapor flows out of the gas outlet and passes through the gas outlet. After performing expansion work in the flat, it enters the hot side of the condenser, is condensed by the refrigerant on its cold side, and enters the fresh water storage tank through the water pump; the concentrated solution flows out from the liquid outlet of the gas-liquid separator and enters the diverter, and a part passes through the first outlet of the diverter. Enter the concentrated solution storage tank, another part flows out from the second outlet of the splitter, enters the rectifier from the second inlet of the rectifier through the solution pump, and is mixed with the dilute solution from the first inlet to start the next cycle;
  • the compressor After the compressor is pressurized by the compressor, it enters the hot side of the evaporator and is condensed by the solution on its cold side. After the temperature is reduced by the throttle valve, it enters the cold side of the condenser. It is heated and evaporated by water vapor and enters the compressor to start the next round cycle.
  • the system uses a heat pump system to provide heat for evaporation and concentration of the solution.
  • the internal energy of the high-temperature steam is recovered by adding a turbine.
  • the exhausted steam after expansion and work releases heat to the refrigerant in the condenser to condense the solution with low energy consumption.
  • This system is mainly suitable for the concentration of solutions whose boiling point increases with concentration. Compared with conventional heat pump concentration systems, the main advantages of this system are in the following three aspects:
  • the COP of conventional systems decreases significantly as the working fluid condensing temperature increases.
  • the system recovers the internal energy of water vapor through the turbine, which reduces the energy consumption of the system.
  • Part of the concentrated liquid enters the rectifier and re-enters the circulation.
  • the temperature of the solution is increased by mixing, and a part of the thermal energy is recovered.
  • the cold side flow rate of the condenser is increased, which can prevent the cold side crystals from being blocked.
  • the system can use the turbine to do work to obtain electricity.
  • fresh water can also be obtained.
  • FIG. 1 is a heat pump solution concentration cogeneration power system proposed by the present invention
  • the dilute solution 1 in the dilute solution storage tank 5 enters the rectifier 6 from the first inlet of the rectifier 6, and then enters the cold side of the evaporator 7, is heated and concentrated by the refrigerant 4 on its hot side, and then enters the gas-liquid separator 8, where water vapor 7 flows out of the gas outlet, expands in the turbine 12 to perform work, enters the hot side of the condenser 13 and is condensed by the cold side refrigerant 4 and enters the fresh water storage tank through the water pump 14; the concentrated solution 2 comes from the gas-liquid separator 8
  • the liquid outlet flows out and enters the splitter 9, one part enters the concentrated solution storage tank 10 through the first outlet of the splitter 9, and the other part flows out from the second outlet of the splitter 9 and enters the rectifier 6 from the second inlet of the rectifier 6 through the solution pump 11. Blend dilute solution 1 from the first inlet and start the next cycle;
  • the refrigerant 4 After the refrigerant 4 is pressurized by the compressor 16, it enters the hot side of the evaporator 7 and is condensed by the cold side solution. After the temperature is reduced by the throttle valve 17, it enters the cold side of the condenser 13 and is heated and evaporated by the water vapor 3. The compressor 16 starts the next cycle.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

一种热泵溶液浓缩联产电系统，，包括稀溶液储罐（5）、整流器（6）、蒸发器（7）、气液分离器（8）、分流器（9）、浓溶液储罐（10）、溶液泵（11）、透平（12）、冷凝器（13）、水泵（14）、淡水储罐（15）、压缩机（16）和节流阀（17）等部件。稀溶液储罐（5）与整流器（6）第一入口相连，整流器（6）出口与蒸发器（7）冷侧进口相连，蒸发器（7）冷侧出口与气液分离器（8）相连，气液分离器（8）液体出口与分流器（9）进口相连，分流器（9）第一出口与浓溶液储罐（10）相连，分流器（9）第二出口通过溶液泵（11）与整流器（6）第二进口相连，气液分离器（8）气体出口经过透平（12）与冷凝器（13）热侧进口相连，冷凝器热侧出口经过水泵（14）与淡水储罐（15）相连；蒸发器（7）热侧出口经过节流阀（17）与冷凝器（13）冷侧进口相连，冷凝器（13）冷侧出口经过压缩机（16）与蒸发器（7）热侧进口相连。该系统利用热泵系统提供溶液蒸发浓缩的热量，通过增加透平回收高温蒸汽内能，膨胀做功后的乏汽在冷凝器中放热冷凝，实现低能耗浓缩溶液。

Description

热泵溶液浓缩联产电系统及方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种热泵溶液浓缩联产电系统及方法，属于节能领域。
技术背景
在化工、轻工、食品等工业中，有许多低浓度的物料需要将其浓缩，提高其浓度，才能成为产品，或进入下一道生产工艺。浓缩通常采用加热的方法使溶液中的溶剂蒸发，从而提高溶液的浓度。直接加热的方式耗能高，为了降低能耗，通常利用热泵系统提供溶剂蒸发的热量。但是采用热泵系统存在一些不足，溶液的沸点会随浓度增大而升高，因此热泵系统的工质冷凝放热温度需要提高，导致热泵系统的制热能效比(COP)显著下降，系统耗能随之提高；而且高温蒸汽被直接排出，浪费了相当大的内能。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提出一种低能耗，防堵塞的热泵溶液浓缩联产电系统及方法。
该系统包括稀溶液储罐、整流器、蒸发器、气液分离器、分流器、浓溶液储罐、溶液泵、透平、冷凝器、水泵、淡水储罐、压缩机、节流阀；
蒸发器包括热侧进口、热侧出口、冷侧进口和冷侧出口；
冷凝器包括热侧进口、热侧出口、冷侧进口和冷侧出口；
整流器包括第一进口、第二进口、出口；
分流器包括进口、第一出口、第二出口；
气液分离器包括进口、气体出口、液体出口；
稀溶液储罐与整流器第一入口相连，整流器出口与蒸发器冷侧进口相连，其冷侧出口与气液分离器进口相连，气液分离器液体出口与分流器进口相连，分流器第一出口与浓溶液储罐相连，分流器第二出口通过溶液泵与整流器第二进口相连，气液分离器气体出口经过透平与冷凝器热侧进口相连，冷凝器热侧出口经过水泵与淡水储罐相连；
蒸发器热侧出口经过节流阀与冷凝器冷侧进口相连，冷凝器冷侧出口经过压缩机与蒸发器热侧进口相连。
本发明所述的热泵溶液浓缩联产电系统的工作方法包括以下过程：
稀溶液储罐中的稀溶液从整流器第一进口进入整流器，再进入蒸发器冷侧，被其热侧的制冷剂加热浓缩，再进入气液分离器，其中水蒸气从气体出口流出，在透平内膨胀做功后，进入冷凝器热侧，被其冷侧的制冷剂冷凝，经水泵进入淡水储液罐；浓溶液从气液分离器液体出 口流出，进入分流器，一部分通过分流器第一出口进入浓溶液储罐，另一部分从分流器第二出口流出，经过溶液泵从整流器第二进口进入整流器，与来自第一进口的稀溶液掺混，开始下一轮循环；
制冷剂经压缩机加压后，进入蒸发器热侧，被其冷侧的溶液冷凝，经节流阀降温降压后进入冷凝器冷侧，被水蒸气加热蒸发后进入压缩机开始下一轮循环。
该系统利用热泵系统提供溶液蒸发浓缩的热量，通过增加透平回收高温蒸汽内能，膨胀做功后的乏汽在冷凝器中向制冷剂放热冷凝，达到低能耗浓缩溶液的目的。该系统主要适用于沸点随浓度而提高的溶液浓缩，相比于常规的热泵浓缩系统，该系统的主要优势在以下三方面：
第一，耗能低。常规系统在工质冷凝温度升高时COP显著降低。系统通过透平回收了水蒸气的内能，降低了系统能耗。
第二，防堵塞。浓缩液一部分进入整流器重新进入循环，通过掺混提高了溶液温度，回收了一部分热能。并且增大了冷凝器冷侧的流量，可以防止冷侧结晶堵塞。
第三，多产品。系统在浓缩溶液的同时可以利用透平做功得到电能，当用于原料不含除水外的易挥发性物质时，还可以得到淡水。
附图说明
图1是本发明提出的热泵溶液浓缩联产电系统；
图中标号名称：1、稀溶液，2、浓溶液，3、水蒸气，4、制冷剂，5、稀溶液储罐，6、整流器，7、蒸发器，8、气液分离器，9、分流器，10、浓溶液储罐，11、溶液泵，12、透平，13、冷凝器，14、水泵，15、淡水储罐，16、压缩机，17、节流阀。
具体实施方式
下面参照附图说明热泵溶液浓缩联产电系统的工作过程。
首先打开稀溶液储罐5，依次启动压缩机16，水泵14，溶液泵11。
稀溶液储罐5中的稀溶液1从整流器6第一进口进入整流器6，再进入蒸发器7冷侧，被其热侧的制冷剂4加热浓缩，再进入气液分离器8，其中水蒸气7从气体出口流出，在透平12内膨胀做功后，进入冷凝器13热侧，被其冷侧的制冷剂4冷凝，经水泵14进入淡水储液罐；浓溶液2从气液分离器8液体出口流出，进入分流器9，一部分通过分流器9第一出口进入浓溶液储罐10，另一部分从分流器9第二出口流出，经过溶液泵11从整流器6第二进口进入整流器6，与来自第一进口的稀溶液1掺混，开始下一轮循环；
制冷剂4经压缩机16加压后，进入蒸发器7热侧，被其冷侧的溶液冷凝，经节流阀17降温 降压后进入冷凝器13冷侧，被水蒸气3加热蒸发后进入压缩机16开始下一轮循环。
系统停机时，依次关闭溶液泵11，水泵14，压缩机16。

Claims (2)

  1. 一种热泵溶液浓缩联产电系统，其特征在于：
    该系统包括稀溶液储罐(5)、整流器(6)、蒸发器(7)、气液分离器(8)、分流器(9)、浓溶液储罐(10)、溶液泵(11)、透平(12)、冷凝器(13)、水泵(14)、淡水储罐(15)、压缩机(16)、节流阀(17)；
    蒸发器(7)包括热侧进口、热侧出口、冷侧进口和冷侧出口；
    冷凝器(13)包括热侧进口、热侧出口、冷侧进口和冷侧出口；
    整流器(6)包括第一进口、第二进口、出口；
    分流器(9)包括进口、第一出口、第二出口；
    气液分离器(8)包括进口、气体出口、液体出口；
    稀溶液储罐(5)与整流器(6)第一入口相连，整流器(6)出口与蒸发器(7)冷侧进口相连，其冷侧出口与气液分离器(8)进口相连，气液分离器(8)液体出口与分流器(9)进口相连，分流器(9)第一出口与浓溶液储罐(10)相连,分流器(9)第二出口通过溶液泵(11)与整流器(6)第二进口相连，气液分离器(8)气体出口经过透平(12)与冷凝器(13)热侧进口相连，冷凝器热侧出口经过水泵(14)与淡水储罐(15)相连；
    蒸发器(7)热侧出口经过节流阀(17)与冷凝器(13)冷侧进口相连，冷凝器(13)冷侧出口经过压缩机(16)与蒸发器(7)热侧进口相连。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种热泵溶液浓缩联产电系统的工作方法，其特征在于包括以下过程：
    稀溶液储罐(5)中的稀溶液(1)从整流器(6)第一进口进入整流器(6)，再进入蒸发器(7)冷侧，被其热侧的制冷剂(4)加热浓缩，再进入气液分离器(8)，其中水蒸气(3)从气体出口流出，在透平(12)内膨胀做功后，进入冷凝器(13)热侧，被其冷侧的制冷剂(4)冷凝，经水泵(14)进入淡水储液罐；浓溶液(2)从气液分离器(8)液体出口流出，进入分流器(9)，一部分通过分流器(9)第一出口进入浓溶液储罐(10)，另一部分从分流器(9)第二出口流出，经过溶液泵(11)从整流器(6)第二进口进入整流器(6)，与来自第一进口的稀溶液(1)掺混，开始下一轮循环；
    制冷剂(4)经压缩机(16)加压后，进入蒸发器(7)热侧，被其冷侧的溶液冷凝，经节流阀(17)降温降压后进入冷凝器(13)冷侧，被水蒸气(3)加热蒸发后进入压缩机(16)开始下一轮循环。
PCT/CN2019/092572 2018-07-23 2019-06-24 热泵溶液浓缩联产电系统及方法 Ceased WO2020019922A1 (zh)

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CN109269149A (zh) * 2018-07-23 2019-01-25 南京航空航天大学 热泵溶液浓缩联产电系统及方法
CN110180208A (zh) * 2019-05-09 2019-08-30 南京航空航天大学 基于热敏性强腐蚀原料的热泵膜蒸发浓缩结晶系统及方法
CN114669064B (zh) * 2022-03-18 2025-01-28 上海诺通新能源科技有限公司 一种基于高温水源热泵机组的溶液浓缩系统及溶液浓缩方法

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