WO2020019582A1 - 一种用于高含水率有机物处理的装置及方法 - Google Patents
一种用于高含水率有机物处理的装置及方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020019582A1 WO2020019582A1 PCT/CN2018/115440 CN2018115440W WO2020019582A1 WO 2020019582 A1 WO2020019582 A1 WO 2020019582A1 CN 2018115440 W CN2018115440 W CN 2018115440W WO 2020019582 A1 WO2020019582 A1 WO 2020019582A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
- C02F11/121—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by mechanical de-watering
- C02F11/122—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by mechanical de-watering using filter presses
Definitions
- the invention belongs to the technical field of high-moisture-content organic solid waste energy generation and resource utilization, and particularly relates to a device and method for treating high-moisture-content organic matter.
- the purpose of the present invention is to provide a device and method for treating organic matter with high moisture content, so as to solve the above-mentioned technical problems.
- the device and method for treating high-water-content organic matter according to the present invention are a device and method combining in-situ hydrothermal dehydration and thermal conversion technology for high-water-content organic solid waste. Good reduction of the moisture content of high-moisture organic matter, and high quality of the product obtained by thermal conversion of the reduced-moisture high-moisture organic matter; the invention is an integrated combined device, which is convenient to operate and has high water-moisture organic matter processing efficiency Higher.
- the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
- a device for treating high-moisture content organic matter includes: a feeding unit, a hydrothermal drying unit, a filter press unit, a liquid storage unit, a thermal conversion unit, and a solid storage unit; and the feeding port of the feeding unit is used for waiting
- the feed of the treated high-moisture organic matter is connected to the feed port of the feed unit and the feed port of the hydrothermal drying unit;
- the feed port of the hydrothermal unit is connected to the feed port of the filter press unit;
- the liquid outlet of the filter press unit is connected to the liquid inlet of the liquid storage unit, and the organic matter outlet of the filter press unit is connected to the feed inlet of the thermal conversion unit;
- the solid product outlet of the thermal conversion unit is connected to the inlet of the solid storage unit;
- the processed high-moisture content organic matter can enter the feed unit, hydrothermal drying unit, filter press unit, and thermal conversion unit in sequence;
- the hydrothermal drying unit is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet, and the air inlet is used
- the continuous discharge unit includes a motor and a screw The screw is arranged in the continuous discharge unit, and the output shaft of the motor is connected to the screw. The motor can drive the screw to rotate in the continuous discharge unit.
- the hydrothermal drying unit includes a reaction chamber, a first heating device, and a first temperature control device; the first heating device is installed outside the reaction chamber or inside the reaction chamber; the first temperature control device includes a first temperature Sensor and first temperature controller; the first temperature sensor is used to measure the real-time temperature in the reaction chamber, the signal output terminal of the first temperature sensor is connected to the signal receiving terminal of the first temperature controller, and the signal of the first temperature controller The output terminal is connected to the signal receiving terminal of the first heating device.
- the thermal conversion unit is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet; the air inlet is used to pass in the reaction gas to realize the reaction atmosphere during the thermal conversion process of the thermal conversion unit, and the air outlet is used to collect the thermally converted gas products.
- the thermal conversion unit includes a thermal conversion cavity, a second heating device, and a second temperature control device;
- the second heating device is a fixed bed heating furnace structure, and the thermal conversion cavity is disposed in the fixed bed heating furnace;
- the second temperature control device includes A second temperature sensor and a second temperature controller; the second temperature sensor is used to measure the real-time temperature in the thermal conversion cavity, the signal output terminal of the second temperature sensor is connected to the signal receiving terminal of the second temperature controller, and the second temperature The signal output terminal of the controller is connected to the signal receiving terminal of the second heating device.
- the filter press unit includes a filter press chamber, a mechanical squeeze device, and a filter device;
- the mechanical squeeze device includes a first piston and a second piston; both the first piston and the second piston are disposed in the filter filter cavity, and the first piston And the second piston can move in the filter chamber, and the high-moisture content organic substances can be squeezed by the relative movement of the first piston and the second piston; the second piston is close to the outlet of the filter chamber, and the second piston and the filter chamber A filtering device is provided between the outlets of the
- a feeding flow path is provided in the feeding unit, and the feeding flow path includes a feeding section and a pushing section, and a material pushing device is provided in the pushing section;
- a hydrothermal drying unit includes a reaction chamber;
- a filter press unit includes a filter press The reaction chamber and the filter press chamber are integrated into an integrated chamber; the feed port of the integrated chamber is in communication with the discharge port of the feed unit, the liquid outlet of the integrated chamber is connected with the liquid inlet of the liquid storage unit, and the organic substances in the integrated chamber The outlet communicates with the feed port of the thermal conversion unit through a material conveying channel.
- a material pushing device is provided in the material conveying channel; a piston C and a piston D are arranged in the integration cavity, and the inner wall of the integration cavity and the piston C and the piston D are both connected.
- a sealing device is provided, and a filtering device is provided between the piston D and the liquid outlet.
- the pushing section includes a first pushing section and a second pushing section, a pushing piston A is provided in the first pushing section, and a pushing piston B is provided in the second pushing section;
- the material conveying channel of the integrated cavity includes the first conveying section and
- the second conveying section is provided with a piston F in the first conveying section and the pushing piston E is provided in the second conveying section.
- the second pushing section is in communication with the first conveying section and has the same circumferential cross-sectional size.
- the thermal conversion chambers of the conversion unit are connected and the circumferential cross-sectional dimensions are the same.
- the filtering device is a filtering net; the mesh number of the filtering net is above 200 meshes, and the pore diameter of the filtering net is greater than 0 mm and less than or equal to 0.08 mm.
- a method for treating high-moisture organic matter comprising the following steps:
- Step 1 hydrothermal drying treatment of the organic substance with high water content to be treated, the temperature of the hydrothermal drying treatment is 120 ° C-400 ° C, and the hydrothermal treatment pressure is greater than 0 MPa and less than or equal to 10 MPa;
- Step 2 The in-situ mechanical extrusion of the high-moisture content organic substance after the hydrothermal drying treatment in step 1 is performed under the conditions of the hydrothermal drying treatment temperature.
- the extrusion method is pneumatic filter press, and the filter press pressure is greater than 0 MPa and less than or equal to 10 MPa.
- the saturated water produced by the pressure filtration is collected in a liquid storage tank resistant to high temperature and pressure after filtering;
- Step 3 Immediately transfer the low-moisture-content organic matter treated in step 2 for thermal conversion treatment.
- the thermal conversion temperature is 400 ° C-1000 ° C, and the thermal conversion treatment pressure is greater than 0 MPa and less than or equal to 5 MPa, and the products after thermal conversion are collected;
- steps 1 and 2 are performed simultaneously to achieve continuous treatment of high-water-content organic matter.
- the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
- the device for treating high-water-content organic matter is a device combining hydrothermal mechanical dehydration and thermal conversion; the hydrothermal carbonization treatment of high-water-content organic matter through a hydrothermal drying unit can increase the high water content
- the dehydration performance and anaerobic digestion performance of organic matter help to improve the dehydration rate of the mechanical dehydration of the subsequent filter press unit.
- the mechanical dehydration of the organic matter through the filter press unit has a better dehydration effect, and the mechanical liquid dehydration is used, compared with the traditional Steam phase change dehydration, energy consumption is greatly reduced; reducing the moisture content of organic matter before thermal conversion can improve the quality of organic solid waste with high moisture content from the source, and can overcome the shortcomings of too high moisture content and low heating value, Can reduce the energy consumption used to offset the latent heat of vaporization, and can improve the energy utilization rate; the volatile content in the organic matter after hydrothermal carbonization is reduced, while the fixed carbon is increased, the heating value is increased, and the O / C and H / C molecules are The lower ratio is beneficial to the subsequent thermal conversion treatment and can obtain higher quality products such as biochar.
- the device for treating organic matter with high water content of the present invention can improve the energy utilization rate and obtain a higher quality product.
- the motor in the continuous discharge unit drives the screw to rotate, and the solid product can be driven from the inlet to the outlet of the continuous discharge unit during the rotation of the screw.
- the electric screw discharge can be realized, which can prevent the solid product from blocking and discharging. Improve the reliability of discharge.
- the temperature in the reaction chamber is measured in real time by the first temperature sensor and fed back to the first temperature controller.
- the first temperature controller controls the first heating device according to the signal received by the first temperature sensor to form a closed loop.
- the reaction temperature environment in the reaction chamber can be controlled more accurately.
- the temperature in the thermal conversion chamber is measured in real time by a second temperature sensor and fed back to the second temperature controller, and the second temperature controller controls the second heating device according to the signal received by the second temperature sensor to form a closed loop. , Can more accurately control the reaction temperature environment in the thermal conversion chamber.
- reaction chamber and the filter press chamber are integrated into an integrated chamber, and the organic matter after hydrothermal carbonization can be directly subjected to squeeze dehydration operation, and the mechanical pressure filter can be dehydrated under high temperature conditions, which can reduce energy loss during the organic matter transfer process.
- the moisture content of the dispersed and dehydrated solid products can reach a level of less than 30%, and more than 80% of the moisture in organic materials with high moisture content is removed in the form of liquid water, which avoids latent heat of vaporization and can greatly reduce energy. Consume.
- the hydrothermal drying process can provide preheating for the subsequent thermal conversion process, and the dehydrated organic matter is directly transferred to the thermal conversion unit through the material conveying channel, which can reduce the heat loss during the organic matter transfer process and increase the energy consumption. Utilization.
- the method for treating high-moisture-content organic matter of the present invention can be used for resource-recycling treatment of high-moisture-content organic matter.
- the treatment in step 1 the dehydration performance and anaerobic digestion performance of the high-moisture-content organic matter to be treated can be improved, which is convenient for subsequent dehydration.
- Step 2 uses in-situ mechanical liquid dehydration, which has a better dehydration effect. Compared with traditional steam phase change dehydration, the energy consumption is greatly reduced.
- the high-temperature saturated water is collected, it can be used subsequently for energy recovery.
- Utilization; through step 3, the organic matter with lower moisture content after the dehydration treatment is thermally converted to obtain a higher quality product.
- the thermal conversion method includes, but is not limited to, pyrolysis, gasification, incineration, and baking.
- the gas product can be used as a combustible gas
- the liquid product after thermal conversion can be used as a high-quality bio-oil
- the solid product after thermal conversion can be used as a high-carbon-based material. While the thermal conversion process is operating in step 3, step 1 It can be performed synchronously with step 2 to achieve the purpose of continuous operation and improve the processing efficiency.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a device for treating organic matter with high water content according to the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a piston movement process of a device for treating organic matter with high water content according to the present invention
- a device for treating organic matter with high water content includes: a feed unit 1, a hydrothermal drying unit 2, a filter press unit 3, a liquid storage unit 4, a thermal conversion unit 5, and a continuous outlet. ⁇ Unit 6 and solid storage unit 7.
- the feed port of the feed unit 1 is used to feed the high-moisture content organic matter to be processed.
- the feed port of the feed unit 1 is in communication with the feed port of the hydrothermal drying unit 2;
- the outlet is connected with the inlet of the filter press unit 3;
- the liquid outlet of the filter press unit 3 is connected with the liquid inlet of the liquid storage unit 4;
- the organic matter outlet of the filter press unit 3 is connected with the inlet of the thermal conversion unit 5
- the solid product outlet of the thermal conversion unit 5 is in communication with the inlet of the solid storage unit 7; the high-moisture content organic matter to be processed can sequentially enter the feed unit 1, the hydrothermal drying unit 2, the filter press unit 3, and the thermal conversion unit 5.
- the feeding unit 1 is provided with a feeding flow path, and the feeding flow path includes a feeding section and a pushing section, and a material pushing device is provided in the pushing section;
- the pushing section includes a first pushing section and a second pushing section, and the first pushing section A pusher piston A is provided inside, and a pusher piston B is provided in the second pusher section.
- the feed port of the first pusher section is provided on the stroke of the piston A, and the feed port of the second pusher section is provided on the stroke of the piston B.
- the hydrothermal drying unit 2 is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet.
- the air inlet is connected to an air source through an air inlet pipe, and is used to pass in gas to adjust the reaction environment pressure in the hydrothermal drying unit 2.
- An air inlet valve I8 is provided; the air outlet is connected with a gas collection device through an air outlet pipe for collecting the reacted gas, and an air outlet valve I9 is provided on the air outlet pipe;
- the hydrothermal drying unit 2 is provided with a first heating device and The first temperature control device can adjust the temperature of the reaction environment in the hydrothermal drying unit 2 through the first temperature control device and the first heating device.
- the hydrothermal drying unit 2 includes a reaction chamber, a first heating device, and a first temperature control device; the first heating device is installed outside the reaction chamber or inside the reaction chamber; the first temperature control device includes a first Temperature sensor and first temperature controller; the first temperature sensor is used to measure the real-time temperature in the reaction chamber, and the signal output terminal of the first temperature sensor is connected to the signal receiving terminal of the first temperature controller. The signal output end is connected to the signal receiving end of the first heating device.
- the heating device includes, but is not limited to, electric jacket heating, superheated steam internal heating, and the like.
- the filter press unit 3 is a mechanical filter press unit, which is used for dehydrating high-water-content organic matter by means of mechanical extrusion;
- the filter press unit 3 includes a filter press cavity, a mechanical extrusion device, and a filtration device;
- the mechanical extrusion device includes a first A piston and a second piston; the first piston and the second piston are both arranged in the filter chamber; the first piston and the second piston can move in the filter chamber; High moisture content organic matter is extruded; the second piston is close to the outlet of the pressure filter cavity, and a filtering device is arranged between the second piston and the outlet of the pressure filter cavity.
- the hydrothermal drying unit 2 includes a reaction chamber; the filter press unit 3 includes a filter press chamber; the reaction chamber and the filter press chamber are integrated into an integrated chamber; the feed port of the integrated chamber communicates with the discharge port of the feed unit 1 and integrates The liquid outlet of the cavity is in communication with the liquid inlet of the liquid storage unit 4.
- the organic matter outlet of the integrated cavity is in communication with the inlet of the thermal conversion unit 5 through a material conveying channel.
- a material pushing device is provided in the material conveying channel; There are piston C and piston D, piston C and piston D can move towards each other; the inlet of the integrated cavity and the organic matter outlet of the integrated cavity are set on the stroke of the piston C and the piston D; the piston D is close to the liquid outlet of the integrated cavity
- a filtering device is provided between the piston D and the liquid outlet.
- the filtering device is a filtering net 16; the mesh number of the filtering net 16 is more than 200 meshes, and the pore diameter of the filtering net 16 is greater than 0 mm and less than or equal to 0.08 mm.
- the material conveying channel of the integrated cavity includes a first conveying section and a second conveying section.
- a piston F is provided in the first conveying section, and a pushing piston E is provided in the second conveying section.
- the second pushing section is in communication with the first conveying section and The circumferential cross-sectional size is the same, the second conveying section is in communication with the heat conversion cavity of the heat conversion unit 5 and the circumferential cross-sectional size is the same.
- the thermal conversion unit 5 includes a second heating device and a second temperature control device, and the temperature of the thermal conversion environment in the thermal conversion unit 5 can be adjusted by the second heating device and the second temperature control device.
- the thermal conversion unit 5 includes a thermal conversion cavity, a second heating device, and a second temperature control device;
- the second heating device is a fixed-bed heating furnace structure, and the thermal conversion cavity is set in the fixed-bed heating furnace;
- the second temperature control device Including a second temperature sensor and a second temperature controller;
- the second temperature sensor is used to measure the real-time temperature in the thermal conversion chamber, the signal output terminal of the second temperature sensor is connected to the signal receiving terminal of the second temperature controller, and the second The signal output terminal of the temperature controller is connected to the signal receiving terminal of the second heating device.
- the heat conversion unit 5 is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet; the air inlet is connected with an air source through an air inlet pipe for passing in reaction gas to ensure a reaction atmosphere during the heat conversion process of the heat conversion unit 5; There is an air inlet valve II10; the air outlet is connected to the gas collection device through an air outlet pipe, and is used to collect the thermally converted gas products.
- An air outlet valve II11 is provided on the air outlet pipe.
- the solid product outlet of the thermal conversion unit 5 is in communication with the inlet of the continuous discharge unit 6, and the outlet of the continuous discharge unit 6 is in communication with the inlet of the solid storage unit 7;
- the continuous discharge unit 6 includes a motor and a screw, and the screw is arranged in the continuous In the discharge unit 6, the output shaft of the motor is connected to the screw, and the motor can drive the screw to rotate in the continuous discharge unit 6.
- a device for treating organic matter with high water content includes: a vertically arranged hydrothermal drying unit connected to a feeding unit 1, a feeding port, and a discharging port of the feeding unit 1. 2; a vertically arranged in-situ mechanical filter unit connected to the feed port and the outlet of the hydrothermal drying unit 2; a liquid storage unit 4 where the liquid inlet is connected to the liquid outlet of the in-situ mechanical filter unit; The feed inlet is connected to the outlet of the feed unit 1 and the heat conversion unit 5 is arranged vertically; the feed outlet is connected to the solid product outlet of the high-temperature heat conversion unit 5 and the continuous discharge unit 6 is arranged horizontally; The solid storage unit 7 is connected with the feeding port and the discharging port of the continuous discharging unit 6; the organic materials can enter the feeding unit 1, the hydrothermal drying unit 2, the in-situ mechanical filter pressing unit, and the feeding unit 1 in sequence. Conveying channel and heat conversion unit 5.
- the feeding unit 1 is provided with a feeding channel.
- the feeding channel includes a feeding section, a first pushing section arranged vertically, and a second pushing section arranged horizontally.
- a movable piston A is set in the first pushing section, and the feeding port of the first pushing section is set on the stroke of the piston A; the discharging port of the first pushing section is in communication with the feeding port of the second pushing section
- the second pushing section is provided with a movable piston B and a piston F.
- the first discharge port of the second pushing section is in communication with the feeding opening of the hydrothermal drying unit 2 and the second discharge port of the second pushing section. It is in communication with the feed port of the thermal conversion unit 5.
- the first and second discharge ports are set on the stroke of the piston B and the piston F; the reaction chamber of the hydrothermal drying unit 2 and the pressure of the filter press unit
- the filter cavity is integrated into an integrated cavity, and a movable piston C and a piston D are arranged in the integrated cavity.
- the inlet of the integrated cavity and the organic matter outlet are the same port and are set on the stroke of the piston C and the piston D; the in-situ mechanical pressure
- the filter unit and the hydrothermal drying unit 2 are directly integrated.
- the product after the hydrothermal drying reaction is over Direct in-situ pressure filtration in the state can reduce energy loss during transportation.
- the high-temperature filtrate generated by the pressure filtration is collected in the liquid storage unit 4 and can be used to preheat the material before the hydrothermal reaction.
- the design here can be further improved. Energy utilization, reducing energy loss.
- the in-situ mechanical filter press unit is vertically installed, and the filter filter container has a built-in filter screen 16.
- the filter method is electric pressure filter or pneumatic pressure filter.
- the mechanical pressure is controlled by the pressure control system 14, and the maximum pneumatic pressure is 10Mpa.
- the final solid is The water content can be reduced to 30%.
- the mesh number of the filter 16 is more than 200 meshes, and the aperture range is 0-0.08mm.
- the thermal conversion unit 5 is provided with a movable piston E, and the feeding port of the thermal conversion unit 5 is provided on the stroke of the piston E.
- each piston By moving the pistons, not only can the material be transported, the outer ring of each piston is provided with a sealing ring, but also plays a role of sealing.
- the pistons A, C, D and E move vertically in their respective pipelines.
- the pistons B and F move horizontally in the pipeline; the pistons D and C cooperate to complete the dehydration of the organic materials.
- the device used for the hydrothermal reaction is an internal heating or external heating structure. It is installed vertically to reduce the area.
- the device has an inlet valve I8 for adjusting the pressure of the hydrothermal reaction and an exhaust valve I9 for collecting the heat of the water. Reactive gas for subsequent research and analysis.
- the liquid storage tank of the liquid storage unit 4 is a high temperature and pressure resistant liquid storage tank with a maximum temperature of 400 ° C and a maximum pressure of 30 MPa.
- the collected high temperature saturated water can be used to preheat the raw materials for the next reaction, which can further reduce energy. Consume.
- the heat conversion unit 5 is a fixed-bed heating furnace structure, which can be installed vertically to reduce the footprint. It is equipped with an inlet valve II10 and an exhaust valve II11, which are used to provide a thermal conversion reaction atmosphere and a collection of thermal conversion gas products.
- the lower part of the thermal conversion chamber of the thermal conversion unit 5 is provided with a withdrawable tray 12 for controlling materials to stay in the thermal conversion unit 5 and enter the continuous discharge unit 6.
- the continuous discharge unit 6 is a two-way closed structure.
- Piston A, piston B, piston D, piston E, and piston F can all adopt manual or automatic control systems. Piston C needs to use a pneumatic filter system, and the pressure control system 14 is used to adjust the mechanical filter pressure.
- High water content organic solid waste refers to municipal sludge, industrial filter sludge, oily scum, fresh cassava and vinasse, etc. High water content refers to a water content of more than 80%.
- Sludge hydrothermal drying technology can improve the dehydration performance and the anaerobic digestion performance by heating the sludge, hydrolyzing the viscous organic matter in the sludge at a certain temperature and pressure, and destroying the colloid structure of the sludge.
- particle collisions increase. Collision between particles leads to the destruction of colloidal structure, which separates the bound water and solid particles.
- hydrothermal reaction coupled with in-situ mechanical pressure filtration can perform dehydration under high temperature conditions, reducing energy dissipation during transportation, and the moisture content of the solid product after dehydration is less than 30%, and the moisture in the organic matter with high moisture content Over 80% is removed in the form of liquid water, which avoids the latent heat of vaporization and greatly reduces energy consumption by about 50%; hydrothermal carbonization can improve the dehydration performance and anaerobic digestion performance of the materials, and the volatile content in the carbonized product Reduced, while the fixed carbon increases, the calorific value increases, and the O / C and H / C molecular ratios decrease. It is more suitable for heat treatment.
- the quality of the obtained biochar, heat-converted gas, and heat-converted oil is higher; through hydrothermal and heat-conversion Combined method, hydrothermal in-situ pressure filtration treatment reduces material moisture content, improves the quality of organic solid waste with high moisture content at the source, thereby overcoming the shortcomings of excessive moisture content and low heating value, and reducing the use of offsetting vaporization
- the energy consumption of latent heat improves the energy utilization rate.
- the heat released by the hydrothermal reaction and the energy contained in the high-temperature hydrothermal filtrate can be recycled, reducing the energy consumption of the entire system. , High degree of resource utilization.
- the device of the present invention includes a feeding unit 1, a hydrothermal drying unit 2, an in-situ mechanical filter press unit, a liquid storage unit 4, a thermal conversion unit 5, a continuous discharge unit 6, and a solid mobile phone unit.
- Hydrothermal carbonization and high-temperature thermal conversion can be performed.
- the hydrothermal carbonization reaction occurs in the hydrothermal drying unit 2 and is used for the pre-treatment of high-water-content organic matter. It can solve the difficulties of high moisture and low calorific value of raw materials and improve raw materials at the source. Energy grade; biochar after hydrothermal carbonization reaction undergoes high-temperature thermal conversion in thermal conversion unit 5 to obtain better yields of liquid fuels and combustible gases.
- Solid residual coke can be used as industrial raw materials to achieve sludge with high efficiency and low pollution energy.
- Resource disposal, material transportation in the entire device is completed by the movement of six pistons AF.
- the device of the invention has high utilization degree of high-water-containing organic waste resources, is clean and environmentally friendly, has low operating cost, high energy utilization rate, and has broad application prospects.
- the method for treating organic matter with high water content of the present invention includes the following steps:
- Step 1 hydrothermal drying treatment of the organic substance with high water content to be treated, the temperature of the hydrothermal drying treatment is 120 ° C-400 ° C, and the hydrothermal treatment pressure is greater than 0 MPa and less than or equal to 10 MPa;
- Step 2 The in-situ mechanical extrusion of the high-moisture content organic substance after the hydrothermal drying treatment in step 1 is performed under the conditions of the hydrothermal drying treatment temperature.
- the extrusion method is pneumatic filter press, and the filter press pressure is greater than 0 MPa and less than or equal to 10 MPa.
- the saturated water produced by the pressure filtration is collected in a liquid storage tank resistant to high temperature and pressure after filtering;
- Step 3 Immediately transfer the low-moisture-content organic matter treated in step 2 for thermal conversion treatment.
- the thermal conversion temperature is 400 ° C-1000 ° C, and the thermal conversion treatment pressure is greater than 0 MPa and less than or equal to 5 MPa, and the products after thermal conversion are collected;
- steps 1 and 2 are performed simultaneously to achieve continuous treatment of high-water-content organic matter.
- a method for treating high-water-content organic matter based on hydrothermal-coupling thermal conversion of an in-situ mechanical pressure filtration-heat conversion combined device based on a high-water-content organic substance which includes hydrothermal carbonization and high-temperature thermal conversion.
- the hydrothermal carbonization reaction occurs in the hydrothermal drying unit 2 and is used for the pre-treatment of high-moisture organic matter. It can solve the difficulties of high moisture and low calorific value of the raw materials and improve the energy quality of the raw materials at the source.
- Biochar is thermally transformed at high temperature in the thermal conversion unit 5 to obtain better yields of liquid fuels and combustible gases.
- Solid residual coke can be used as industrial raw materials, thereby achieving efficient disposal of sludge and low pollution energy resources, and transportation of materials in the entire device. This is done by the movement of six pistons AF.
- the applicable temperature range of hydrothermal reaction is 120-400 °C
- the applicable pressure range is 0-30MPa
- the applicable temperature range of thermal conversion reaction is 400-1000 °C
- the applicable pressure range is 0-5MPa, including the following specific steps:
- step b In-situ mechanical pressure filtration stage, by controlling the piston D to move vertically downward, the solid product produced in step b is transported to the in-situ mechanical pressure filtration unit for in-situ mechanical pressure filtration and dewatering to reduce the moisture content of the material and use pressure.
- the control system 14 controls the squeezing effect caused by the vertical downward movement of the piston C.
- the hydrothermal filtrate removed during the squeezing process enters the liquid storage unit 4 under the filtering action of the filter 16;
- the second round of the feeding stage and the hydrothermal reaction stage can be performed simultaneously, which can realize continuous operation processing of the device and improve processing efficiency.
- the working process of a high-moisture-content organic waste hydrothermally coupled in-situ mechanical pressure filtration-thermal conversion device includes:
- the high moisture content organic material is added to the feeding unit 1 through the feeding port, and the pistons AF are in their respective positions 1.
- the piston B is horizontal. Move to the right to position B2, transport the material to the feed port of the hydrothermal drying unit 2, then return the piston A and piston B to the positions A1 and B1, respectively;
- the hydrothermal drying unit 2 In the hydrothermal reaction stage, open the air inlet valve I8 and pass N 2 to the hydrothermal drying unit 2 to adjust the hydrothermal reaction pressure.
- the temperature of the hydrothermal drying unit 2 is controlled by the first temperature controller 15 at 100-400 ° C. , By controlling the piston C to move vertically downwards from position C1 to position C2 to ensure the sealing condition, the volatile gas generated is collected through the exhaust valve I9;
- the thermal conversion-feeding phase while the thermal conversion reaction phase d is performed, the second round of the feeding phase a can be performed simultaneously, at this time, the pistons AF are in their respective positions 1, and the materials are transported to the hydrothermal drying Unit 2 is thus circulated to realize continuous processing of materials.
- the treatment method of the present invention combines high-moisture-content organic solid waste through hydrothermal treatment technology and heat-treatment thermal conversion technology, and explores an integrated dehydration reduction and resource utilization method for high-moisture-content organic solid waste.
- the method of the present invention is mainly composed of two parts, hydrothermal deep drying and high temperature thermal conversion. In-situ hydrothermal deep dehydration of high-moisture organic solid waste.
- the high-moisture organic solid waste enters the low-temperature hydrothermal coupling in-situ mechanical filter unit for deep hydrothermal drying through the feeding unit, and the hydrothermal treatment greatly improves the material.
- the dehydration performance of the dehydration process is followed by in-situ mechanical pressure filtration to dewater the material to a moisture content of less than 30%; in the second step, the high-temperature thermal conversion of hydrothermal carbon passes through the piston transport system, and the hydrothermal energy after dehydration The carbon is transported to the subsequent thermal conversion reaction unit for high-temperature thermal conversion treatment.
- the thermal value of the organic matter contained in the hydrothermal carbon is used to heat it under anaerobic conditions, so that the macromolecular organic matter is thermally cracked and a thermal conversion gas is generated. Contaminants such as heavy metals contained in the material are stably solidified in the residue and no longer precipitate.
- the generated heat-converted gas can be recycled as a combustible gas; due to the lower water content, the quality of the heat-converted oil is improved and can be used as energy for recycling; the volume of the residue can be reduced to 10-15% of the original, and it is mainly carbon-based Substances can be recycled as fuel or carbon-based materials, fully meeting the goals of reducing, stabilizing, harmless and recycling organic solid waste with high water content.
- the high-temperature saturated water after hydrothermal dehydration and the heat generated by the hydrothermal reaction can be recycled, which further reduces the energy consumption of the entire device.
- the subsequent materials can carry out the second round of hydrothermal reaction through the movement of the piston of the feeding unit, so as to achieve the purpose of continuous operation of the device and improve the energy utilization efficiency.
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Abstract
一种用于高含水率有机物处理的装置及方法,包括:进料单元(1)、水热干化单元(2)、压滤单元(3)、液体储存单元(4)、热转化单元(5)和固体储存单元(7);待处理的高含水率有机物能够依次进入进料单元(1)、水热干化单元(2)、压滤单元(3)和热转化单元(5);水热干化单元(2)设置有进气口和出气口;水热干化单元(2)设置有第一加热装置和第一温度控制装置;压滤单元(3)为机械压滤单元;热转化单元包括第二加热装置和第二温度控制装置。通过原位水热脱水可较好的降低高含水率有机物的含水率,将含水率降低后的高含水率有机物进行热转化获得的产物品质较高;一体化联用装置,操作方便,高含水率有机物的处理效率较高。
Description
本发明属于高含水率有机固体废物能源化与资源化技术领域,特别涉及一种用于高含水率有机物处理的装置及方法。
高含水率有机固体废物的处理与资源化利用近几年来受到广泛关注。以污泥为例,数据显示,2016年,全国污泥处理能力约为1300万吨/日,全国污泥处理率仅达到33%,有67%左右的污泥没有得到无害化处理处置,对生态环境造成威胁。据估计,2020年我国污泥产量将达到8000多万吨,所以对污泥的妥善处理迫在眉睫。焚烧、热转化及气化等热化学转化技术是处理有机固体废弃物的有效方法之一。目前,高含水率有机固体废物资源化处理中存在的问题:由于高含水率有机固体废物高含水率和难脱水的性质,直接采用热化学转化技术进行处理会消耗大量的能量去满足汽化潜热;另外,由于有机固体废物的含水率较高,获得的产物如热转化油的品质不高。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种用于高含水率有机物处理的装置及方法,以解决上述存在的技术问题。本发明的用于高含水率有机物处理的装置及方法,是一种针对高含水率有机固体废物的原位水热脱水和热转化技术联用的装置与方法,通过原位水热脱水可较好的降低高含水率有机物的含水率,将含水率降低后的高含水率有机物进行热转化获得的产物品质较高;本发明为一体化联用装置,操作方便,高含水率有机物的处理效率较高。
为达到上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种用于高含水率有机物处理的装置,包括:进料单元、水热干化单元、压滤单元、液体储存单元、热转化单元和固体储存单元;进料单元的进料口用于待处理的高含水率有机物的进料,进料单元的出料口与水热干化单元的进料口相连通;水热干化单元的出料口与压滤单元的进料口相连通;压滤单元的液体出口与液体储存单元的液体入口相连通,压滤单元的有机物出口与热转化单元的进料口相连通;热转化单元的固体产物出口与固体储存单元的入口相连通;待处理的高含水率有机物能够依次进入进料单元、水热干化单元、压滤单元和热转化单元;水热干化单元设置有进气口和出气口,进气口用于通入气体调节水热干化单元内的反应压力,出气口用于收集反应后的气体;水热干化单元设置有第一加热装置和第一温度控制装置,通过第一温度控制装置和第一加热装置能够调节水热干化单元内的反应环境温度;压滤单元为机械压滤单元,用于通过机械挤压的方式对高含水率有机物进行脱水处理;热转化单元包括第二加热装置和第二温度控制装置,通过第二加热装置和第二温度控制装置能够调节热转化单元内的热转化环境温度。
进一步的,还包括连续出料单元;热转化单元的固体产物出口与连续出料单元的入口相连通,连续出料单元的出口与固体储存单元的入口相连通;连续出料单元包括电机与螺杆,螺杆设置于连续出料单元内,电机的输出轴与螺杆相连接,电机能够带动螺杆在连续出料单元内转动。
进一步的,水热干化单元包括反应腔、第一加热装置和第一温度控制装置;第一加热装置安装在反应腔的外部或安装在反应腔的内部;第一温度控制装置包括第一温度传感器和第一温度控制器;第一温度传感器用于测量反应腔内的实时温度,第一温度传感器的信号输出端与第一温度控制器的信号接收端相连接,第一温度控制器的信号输出端与第一加热装置的信号接收端相连接。
进一步的,热转化单元设置有进气口和出气口;进气口用于通入反应气实现热转化单元热转化过程中的反应气氛,出气口用于收集热转化后的气体产物。
进一步的,热转化单元包括热转化腔、第二加热装置和第二温度控制装置;第二加热装置为固定床加热炉结构,热转化腔设置于固定床加热炉内;第二温度控制装置包括第二温度传感器和第二温度控制器;第二温度传感器用于测量热转化腔内的实时温度,第二温度传感器的信号输出端与第二温度控制器的信号接收端相连接,第二温度控制器的信号输出端与第二加热装置的信号接收端相连接。
进一步的,压滤单元包括压滤腔、机械挤压装置和过滤装置;机械挤压装置包括第一活塞和第二活塞;第一活塞和第二活塞均设置在压滤腔内,第一活塞和第二活塞能够在压滤腔内移动,通过第一活塞和第二活塞的相向运动能够对高含水率有机物进行挤压;第二活塞靠近压滤腔的出口,第二活塞与压滤腔的出口之间设置有过滤装置。
进一步的,进料单元内设置有进料流道,进料流道包括进料段和推送段,推送段内设置有物料推送装置;水热干化单元包括反应腔;压滤单元包括压滤腔;反应腔和压滤腔集成为一个集成腔;集成腔的进料口与进料单元的出料口相连通,集成腔的液体出口与液体储存单元的液体入口相连通,集成腔的有机物出口通过物料输送通道与热转化单元的进料口相连通,物料输送通道内设置有物料推送装置;集成腔内设置有活塞C和活塞D,集成腔的内壁与活塞C及活塞D之间均设置有密封装置,活塞D与液体出口之间设置有过滤装置。
进一步的,推送段包括第一推送段和第二推送段,第一推送段内设置有推送活塞A,第二推送段内设置有推送活塞B;集成腔的物料输送通道包括第一输送段和第二输送段,第一输送段内设置有活塞F,第二输送段内设置有推送活塞E,第二推送段与第一输送段相连通且周向截面尺寸相同,第二输送段与热转化单元的热转化腔相连通且周向截面尺寸相同。
进一步的,过滤装置为过滤网;过滤网的目数在200目以上,过滤网的孔径大于0mm且 小于等于0.08mm。
一种用于高含水率有机物处理的方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1,将待处理的高含水率有机物进行水热干化处理,水热干化处理温度为120℃-400℃,水热处理压力大于0MPa且小于等于10MPa;
步骤2,将步骤1水热干化处理后的高含水率有机物在水热干化处理温度条件下进行原位机械挤压,挤压方式为气动压滤,压滤压力大于0MPa且小于等于10MPa,压滤产生的饱和水经过滤后在耐高温高压的液体存储罐中收集;
步骤3,将步骤2处理后的低含水率有机物立即转移进行热转化处理,热转化温度为400℃-1000℃,热转化处理压力大于0MPa且小于等于5MPa,收集热转化后的产物;
其中,在步骤3热转化过程运行的过程中,步骤1和步骤2同步进行,实现高含水率有机物的连续处理。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
本发明的用于高含水率有机物处理的装置,是一种水热机械脱水与热转化联用的装置;通过水热干化单元对高含水率有机物进行水热碳化处理,可提高高含水率有机物的脱水性能和厌氧消化性能,有助于提高后续压滤单元机械脱水的脱水率;通过压滤单元对有机物进行机械脱水,脱水效果较好,且采用机械式液态脱水,相比于传统的蒸汽相变脱水,能耗大幅度降低;在热转化之前将有机物的含水率降低,可从源头上提高高含水率有机固废的品质,可克服含水率过高和热值低的缺点,可减少用于抵消汽化潜热的能量消耗,同时可提高能量的利用率;水热碳化后的有机物中的挥发分含量降低,而固定碳增多,热值增加,同时O/C和H/C分子比降低,有利于后续进行的热转化处理,可获得品质更高产物如生物炭。综上,本发明的用于高含水率有机物处理的装置相比于现有的处理装置,可提高能量利用率,可获得较高品质的产物。
进一步的,连续出料单元中电机带动螺杆旋转,螺杆旋转过程中可带动固体产物从连续出 料单元的入口向出口移动,可实现电动螺旋出料,可避免固体产物成团堵塞出料,可提高出料的可靠性。
进一步的,通过第一温度传感器实时测量反应腔内的温度并反馈给第一温度控制器,第一温度控制器根据接收到的第一温度传感器的信号对第一加热装置进行控制,形成闭环,可较精确的控制反应腔内的反应温度环境。
进一步的,通过第二温度传感器实时测量热转化腔内的温度并反馈给第二温度控制器,第二温度控制器根据接收到的第二温度传感器的信号对第二加热装置进行控制,形成闭环,可较精确的控制热转化腔内的反应温度环境。
进一步的,将反应腔和压滤腔集成为一个集成腔,水热碳化后的有机物可直接进行挤压脱水操作,机械压滤可在高温条件下进行脱水,可减少有机物转移过程中的能量逸散,脱水后的固体产物的含水率可达到低于30%的水平,高含水率有机物中的80%以上的水分以液态水的形式进行脱除,避免了汽化潜热,可较大幅度降低能量消耗。
进一步的,水热干化过程可为后续的热转化过程提供预热,将脱水处理后的有机物直接通过物料输送通道输送至热转化单元,能够降低有机物转移过程中的热量损耗,可提高能量的利用率。
本发明的用于高含水率有机物处理的方法,可用于高含水率有机物的资源化处理,通过步骤1的处理,可提高待处理高含水率有机物的脱水性能和厌氧消化性能,便于后续脱水和热转化处理;步骤2通过原位机械方式液态脱水,脱水效果较好,相比传统蒸汽相变脱水,能耗大幅度降低;高温饱和水收集后,可进行后续利用,实现了能量的回收利用;通过步骤3将脱水处理后的含水率较低的有机物进行热转化,可得到品质较高的产物,热转化方式包括但不局限于热解、气化、焚烧、烘焙等,热转化后的气体产物可用作可燃气,热转化后的液体产物可用作高品质生物油,热转化后的固体产物可用作高碳基类材料,在步骤3热转化过程运行的同时, 步骤1和步骤2可以同步进行,可达到连续操作的目的,提高处理效率。
图1是本发明的一种用于高含水率有机物处理的装置的整体结构示意图;
图2是本发明的一种用于高含水率有机物处理的装置的活塞运动过程示意图;
在图1和图2中,1.进料单元;2.水热干化单元;3.原位机械压滤单元;4.液体储存单元;5.热转化单元;6.连续出料单元;7.固体储存单元;8.进气阀门I;9.排气阀门I;10.进气阀门II;11.排气阀门II;12.托盘;13.第二温控仪;14.压力控制系统;15.第一温控仪;16.过滤网。
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明的具体技术方法和装置进行详细、完整的描述说明,所描述的具体实施方法仅为本发明的若干具体实施方式,但本发明的设计构思并不局限于此,凡利用此构思对本发明进行非实质性的改动,均应属于侵犯本发明保护范围的行为。
参考图1,本发明的一种用于高含水率有机物处理的装置,包括:进料单元1、水热干化单元2、压滤单元3、液体储存单元4、热转化单元5、连续出料单元6和固体储存单元7。
进料单元1的进料口用于待处理的高含水率有机物的进料,进料单元1的出料口与水热干化单元2的进料口相连通;水热干化单元2的出料口与压滤单元3的进料口相连通;压滤单元3的液体出口与液体储存单元4的液体入口相连通,压滤单元3的有机物出口与热转化单元5的进料口相连通;热转化单元5的固体产物出口与固体储存单元7的入口相连通;待处理的高含水率有机物能够依次进入进料单元1、水热干化单元2、压滤单元3和热转化单元5。
进料单元1内设置有进料流道,进料流道包括进料段和推送段,推送段内设置有物料推送 装置;推送段包括第一推送段和第二推送段,第一推送段内设置有推送活塞A,第二推送段内设置有推送活塞B;第一推送段的进料口设置在活塞A的行程上,第二推送段的进料口设置在活塞B的行程上,通过活塞A和活塞B协同作用,能够将进料单元1的进料流道中的有机物推出。
水热干化单元2设置有进气口和出气口,进气口通过进气管道与气源相连通,用于通入气体调节水热干化单元2内的反应环境压力,进气管道上设置有进气阀门I8;出气口通过出气管道与气体收集装置相连通,用于收集反应后的气体,出气管道上设置有排气阀门I9;水热干化单元2设置有第一加热装置和第一温度控制装置,通过第一温度控制装置和第一加热装置能够调节水热干化单元2内的反应环境温度。具体为:水热干化单元2包括反应腔、第一加热装置和第一温度控制装置;第一加热装置安装在反应腔的外部或安装在反应腔的内部;第一温度控制装置包括第一温度传感器和第一温度控制器;第一温度传感器用于测量反应腔内的实时温度,第一温度传感器的信号输出端与第一温度控制器的信号接收端相连接,第一温度控制器的信号输出端与第一加热装置的信号接收端相连接,加热装置包含但不局限于电夹套式加热,过热蒸汽内式加热等。
压滤单元3为机械压滤单元,用于通过机械挤压的方式对高含水率有机物进行脱水处理;压滤单元3包括压滤腔、机械挤压装置和过滤装置;机械挤压装置包括第一活塞和第二活塞;第一活塞和第二活塞均设置在压滤腔内,第一活塞和第二活塞能够在压滤腔内移动,通过第一活塞和第二活塞的相向运动能够对高含水率有机物进行挤压;第二活塞靠近压滤腔的出口,第二活塞与压滤腔的出口之间设置有过滤装置。
水热干化单元2包括反应腔;压滤单元3包括压滤腔;反应腔和压滤腔集成为一个集成腔;集成腔的进料口与进料单元1的出料口相连通,集成腔的液体出口与液体储存单元4的液体入口相连通,集成腔的有机物出口通过物料输送通道与热转化单元5的进料口相连通,物料输送 通道内设置有物料推送装置;集成腔内设置有活塞C和活塞D,活塞C和活塞D能够进行相向运动;集成腔的进料口与集成腔的有机物出口均设置在活塞C和活塞D的行程上;,活塞D靠近集成腔的液体出口,活塞D与液体出口之间设置有过滤装置。过滤装置为过滤网16;过滤网16的目数在200目以上,过滤网16的孔径大于0mm且小于等于0.08mm。集成腔的物料输送通道包括第一输送段和第二输送段,第一输送段内设置有活塞F,第二输送段内设置有推送活塞E,第二推送段与第一输送段相连通且周向截面尺寸相同,第二输送段与热转化单元5的热转化腔相连通且周向截面尺寸相同。
热转化单元5包括第二加热装置和第二温度控制装置,通过第二加热装置和第二温度控制装置能够调节热转化单元5内的热转化环境温度。具体为:热转化单元5包括热转化腔、第二加热装置和第二温度控制装置;第二加热装置为固定床加热炉结构,热转化腔设置于固定床加热炉内;第二温度控制装置包括第二温度传感器和第二温度控制器;第二温度传感器用于测量热转化腔内的实时温度,第二温度传感器的信号输出端与第二温度控制器的信号接收端相连接,第二温度控制器的信号输出端与第二加热装置的信号接收端相连接。热转化单元5设置有进气口和出气口;进气口通过进气管道与气源相连通,用于通入反应气保证热转化单元5热转化过程中的反应气氛,进气管道上设置有进气阀门II10;出气口通过出气管道与气体收集装置相连通,用于收集热转化后的气体产物,出气管道上设置有排气阀门II11。
热转化单元5的固体产物出口与连续出料单元6的入口相连通,连续出料单元6的出口与固体储存单元7的入口相连通;连续出料单元6包括电机与螺杆,螺杆设置于连续出料单元6内,电机的输出轴与螺杆相连接,电机能够带动螺杆在连续出料单元6内转动
参考图1,本发明的一种用于高含水率有机物处理的装置,包括:进料单元1、进料口和进料单元1的出料口相连接的竖直设置的水热干化单元2;进料口和水热干化单元2的出料口相连接的竖直设置的原位机械压滤单元;液体入口与原位机械压滤单元的液体出口相连接的液 体储存单元4;进料口和进料单元1的出料口相连接的竖直设置的热转化单元5;进料口与高温热转化单元5的固体产物出口相连接的水平设置的的连续出料单元6;进料口与连续出料单元6的出料口相连接的固体储存单元7;有机物能依次进入进料单元1、水热干化单元2、原位机械压滤单元、进料单元1的物料输送通道和热转化单元5。
进料单元1内设置有进料通道,进料通道包括加料段、竖直设置的第一推送段、水平设置的第二推送段;第一推送段的进料口与加料段的出料口相连通,第一推送段内设置有可移动的活塞A,第一推送段的进料口设置在活塞A的行程上;第一推送段出料口与第二推送段的进料口相连通,第二推送段设置有可移动的活塞B和活塞F,第二推送段的第一出料口与水热干化单元2的进料口相连通,第二推送段的第二出料口与热转化单元5的进料口相连通,第一出料口和第二出料口均设置在活塞B和活塞F的行程上;水热干化单元2的反应腔和压滤单元的压滤腔集成为一个集成腔,集成腔内设置有可移动活塞C和活塞D,集成腔的进料口和有机物出口为同一个口,设置在活塞C和活塞D的行程上;原位机械压滤单元和水热干化单元2直接集成,水热干化反应结束之后的产物在高温状态下直接进行原位压滤,可减少运输过程中的能量损失,压滤产生的高温滤液收集在液体储存单元4,可用于对水热反应前的物料进行预热,此处设计可进一步提高能量的利用率,减少能量损耗。所述原位机械压滤单元竖直设置,压滤容器内置有过滤网16,压滤方式为电动压滤或者气动压滤,机械压力通过压力控制系统14控制,气动压力最大为10Mpa,最终固体含水率可以降低至30%。过滤网16的目数在200目以上,孔径范围为0-0.08mm。热转化单元5设置有可移动的活塞E,热转化单元5的进料口设置在活塞E的行程上。通过移动活塞不仅可以实现物料的运输,每个活塞的外圈均设置有密封圈,还起到密封的作用,其中活塞A、C、D和E在各自的管道内做竖直方向上的移动,活塞B和F在管道内做水平方向上的移动;活塞D和活塞C配合完成有机物物料的挤压脱水。用于水热反应的装置为内加热或外加热式结构,垂直设置,可减少占地面积,其上装置有进气 阀门I8用于调节水热反应压力,排气阀门I9用于收集水热反应气,便于后续研究和分析。液体储存单元4的储液罐为耐高温高压储液罐,最大温度为400℃,最大压力为30MPa,收集到的为高温饱和水,可用于预热下一轮反应的原料,可进一步降低能量消耗。热转化单元5为固定床加热炉结构,垂直设置,可减少占地面积,其上装置有进气阀门II10和排气阀门II11,分别用于提供热转化反应气氛和热转化气体产物的收集,热转化单元5的热转化腔内的下部设置有一个可抽出的托盘12,用于控制物料停留在热转化单元5和进入连续出料单元6。连续出料单元6为双向密闭结构,水平设置,电动螺旋出料,和竖直设置的固体储存单元7相连接,避免了产物成团堵塞出料,收集到的固体残渣可作为燃料或者碳基类材料回收利用。活塞A、活塞B、活塞D、活塞E和活塞F均可以采用手动或者自动化控制系统,活塞C需要采用气动压滤系统,通过压力控制系统14去调节机械压滤压力。高含水率有机固废指的是市政污泥、工业滤泥、含油浮渣、鲜木薯和酒糟等,高含水率指的是含水率在80%以上。
现有的高含水率污泥在热转化前需提供额外能源进行干化处理,同时更容易释放恶臭气体;本发明能够将产生的气体收集,不会释放恶臭气体;同样以污泥为例,污泥水热干化技术通过将污泥加热,在一定温度和压力下使污泥中的粘性有机物水解,破坏污泥的胶体结构,可以同时改善脱水性能和厌氧消化性能。随水热反应温度和压力的增加,颗粒碰撞增大,颗粒间的碰撞导致了胶体结构的破坏,使束缚水和固体颗粒分离。经过水热处理的污泥在不添加絮凝剂的情况下机械脱水的含水率大幅度降低,脱水效果明显。目前广泛采用的水热反应装置难以以液态的形式对高含水率有机物进行脱水,传统的蒸汽相变过程能耗太高,干化后的水热污泥冷却后采用机械脱水方法处理,含水率只能下降到50-60%左右,对于后续的利用依然存在很大限制。因此寻求低能耗脱水方法是实现高效低能耗脱水的关键,同时水热产物的后续处理也是限制水热技术应用于工业实践的原因之一。本发明的装置,水热反应耦合原位机械压滤可以在高温条件下进行脱水,减少了运输过程中的能量逸散,脱水后固体产物含水率低于30%,高 含水率有机物中的水分80%以上以液态水的形式进行脱除,避免了汽化潜热,大幅度降低能量消耗约50%;水热碳化可以提高物料的脱水性能和厌氧消化性能,碳化后的产物中的挥发分含量降低,而固定碳增多,热值增加,同时O/C和H/C分子比降低,更加适合进行热处理,获得的生物炭、热转化气和热转化油品质更高;通过水热和热转化联用的方法,水热原位压滤处理降低物料含水率,在源头上提高了高含水率有机固废的品质,因而克服了含水率过高和热值低的缺点,减少用于抵消汽化潜热的能量消耗,提高能量的利用率,同时水热反应放出的热量和高温水热滤液包含的能量可回收利用,减少整个系统的能量消耗,资源化程度高。具体地,本发明的装置包括进料单元1、水热干化单元2、原位机械压滤单元、液体储存单元4、热转化单元5、连续出料单元6和固体手机单元。可进行水热碳化和高温热转化,水热碳化反应在水热干化单元2中发生,用于高含水率有机物的前期预处理,可以解决原料高水分低热值的难点,在源头上提高原料的能量品位;水热碳化反应后的生物碳在热转化单元5进行高温热转化,获得较好产率的液体燃料和可燃气体,固体残余焦炭可用于工业原料,从而实现污泥高效低污染能源资源化处置,整个装置中物料的运输通过六个活塞A-F的移动来完成。本发明的装置对高含水有机废物资源利用程度高,清洁环保,运行成本低,能量利用率高,应用前景较广。
本发明的一种用于高含水率有机物处理的方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1,将待处理的高含水率有机物进行水热干化处理,水热干化处理温度为120℃-400℃,水热处理压力大于0MPa且小于等于10MPa;
步骤2,将步骤1水热干化处理后的高含水率有机物在水热干化处理温度条件下进行原位机械挤压,挤压方式为气动压滤,压滤压力大于0MPa且小于等于10MPa,压滤产生的饱和水经过滤后在耐高温高压的液体存储罐中收集;
步骤3,将步骤2处理后的低含水率有机物立即转移进行热转化处理,热转化温度为400℃-1000℃,热转化处理压力大于0MPa且小于等于5MPa,收集热转化后的产物;
其中,在步骤3热转化过程运行的过程中,步骤1和步骤2同步进行,实现高含水率有机物的连续处理。
本发明的一种基于高含水率有机物水热耦合原位机械压滤-热转化联用装置的水热耦合热转化处理高含水率有机物的方法,包括水热碳化和高温热转化两大步骤,水热碳化反应在水热干化单元2中发生,用于高含水率有机物的前期预处理,可以解决原料高水分低热值的难点,在源头上提高原料的能量品位;水热碳化反应后的生物碳在热转化单元5进行高温热转化,获得较好产率的液体燃料和可燃气体,固体残余焦炭可用于工业原料,从而实现污泥高效低污染能源资源化处置,整个装置中物料的运输通过六个活塞A-F的移动来完成。水热反应适用温度范围为120-400℃,适用压力范围为0-30MPa,热转化反应适用温度范围为400-1000℃,适用压力范围为0-5MPa,包括以下具体步骤:
a,进料阶段,将高含水率物料添加至进料单元1,通过控制活塞A竖直向下移动,活塞B水平向右移动,将物料运输到水热干化单元2的进料口处,接着活塞A和活塞B复位;
b,水热反应阶段,活塞C竖直向下移动,活塞D向上移动,通过活塞C和活塞D形成密闭反应腔,保证水热干化单元2的密封性,打开进气阀门I8通入气体调整水热反应压力和反应气氛,通过第一温控仪15控制水热干化单元2的环境温度在120-400℃,通过控制活塞D的运动来控制物料在水热干化单元2内的停留时间,产生的挥发性气体通过排气阀门I9收集;
c,原位机械压滤阶段,通过控制活塞D竖直向下移动,将步骤b产生的固体产物运输到原位机械压滤单元进行原位机械压滤脱水,降低物料的含水率,利用压力控制系统14控制活塞C竖直向下移动产生的挤压作用,挤压过程中脱除的水热滤液在过滤网16的过滤作用下,进入液体储存单元4;
d,热转化反应阶段,通过控制活塞C和活塞D竖直向上移动,活塞B和活塞F水平向右移动,活塞E竖直向下移动,将步骤c脱水完之后的固体产物运输到热转化单元5,接着活塞 E和活塞F归位,通过进气阀门I10通入N
2保证热转化反应的无氧气氛,通过第二温控仪13控制热转化单元5的环境氛围温度在400-1000℃,热转化产生的热转化气通过排气口的排气阀门II11进入后续的处理和收集,热转化产生的生物炭通过连续出料单元6输送至固体储存单元7。
其中,在热转化反应阶段的同时,第二轮的进料阶段和水热反应阶段可以同时进行,可实现装置连续运行处理,提高处理效率。
参考图2,本发明的一种高含水率有机废物水热耦合原位机械压滤-热转化联用的装置的工作过程,包括:
a,进料阶段,由进料口将高含水率有机物料添加至进料单元1,此时活塞A-F均处于各自的位置1,通过控制活塞A竖直向下移动至位置A2,活塞B水平向右移动至位置B2,将物料运输到水热干化单元2的进料口,接着活塞A和活塞B归位,分别回到位置A1和B1;
b,水热反应阶段,打开进气阀门I8向水热干化单元2通入N
2以调节水热反应压力,通过第一温控仪15控制水热干化单元2温度在100-400℃,通过控制活塞C竖直向下从位置C1移动到位置C2来保证密封条件,产生的挥发性气体通过排气阀门I9收集;
c,原位机械压滤阶段,待物料水热反应完成之后,控制活塞D竖直向下从位置D1移动至位置D2,位置D2处为密闭中空结构,用于定位活塞D,将水热干化单元2产生的固体产物运输到原位机械压滤单元进行机械压滤脱水,利用活塞C竖直向下移动的挤压作用移动到位置C3(取决于压力控制系统14产生的机械压力),挤压过程中脱除的水热滤液在精密过滤网的过滤作用下,进入液体储存单元4;
d,热转化反应阶段,待原位机械压滤阶段c结束之后,控制活塞C竖直向上回到位置C1,活塞D竖直向上从位置D2移动到位置D3,活塞B水平向右从位置B1移动到位置B3,活塞F水平向右从位置F1移动到位置F2,活塞E竖直向下从位置E1移动到位置E2,将脱水完之后 的固体产物运输到热转化单元5,接着所有活塞归位回到各自的位置1,打开进气阀门II10通入N
2保证热转化反应的无氧气氛,通过第二温控仪13控制热转化单元5温度在400-1000℃,打开排气阀门II11,热转化产生的热转化气通过排气口进入后续的处理和收集,抽出可移动的托盘12,热转化产生的残渣通过连续出料单元6外排,进入固体储存单元7。
其中,热转化-进料阶段,在热转化反应阶段d进行的同时,第二轮的进料阶段a可以同时进行,此时活塞A-F均处于各自的位置1,物料被运输到水热干化单元2,如此循环进行实现物料的连续处理。
综上,本发明的处理方法将高含水率有机固废通过水热处理技术与热处理热转化技术联用,探索出了一条针对高含水率有机固废的一体化脱水减量化并资源化利用的技术路线,本发明的方法主要由两部份组成,水热深度干化和高温热转化。高含水率有机固体废物的原位水热深度脱水,首先高含水率有机固体废物通过进料单元进入低温水热耦合原位机械压滤单元进行水热深度干化,水热处理大幅度提高了物料的脱水性能,利用后续的原位机械压滤进行脱水处理,将物料压滤至含水率30%以下;第二步,水热碳的高温热转化,通过活塞的运输系统,脱水后的水热碳运输到后续的热转化反应单元进行高温热转化处理,利用水热碳中所含有的有机物的热值,在无氧条件下对其加热,使大分子有机物产生热裂解,产生热转化气,而物料中所含有的重金属等污染物被稳定的固化在残渣中,不再析出。所有的致病菌、病毒、寄生虫卵等病源体、微生物在高温作用下被彻底杀灭。产生的热转化气可作为可燃气回收利用;由于较低的含水率,热转化油品质提高,可作为能源回收利用;残渣的体积可以减至原来的10-15%,同时主要为碳基类物质,可作为燃料或者碳基类材料回收利用,全面达到了高含水率有机固废处理的减量化、稳定化、无害化和资源化的目标。水热脱水后的高温饱和水以及水热反应产生的热量可以回收利用,进一步降低了整个装置的能耗。在热转化处理的同时,后续的物料可以通过进料单元活塞的移动进行第二轮的水热反应,从而实现装置连续运行的目的,提高能量利 用效率。
Claims (10)
- 一种用于高含水率有机物处理的装置,其特征在于,包括:进料单元(1)、水热干化单元(2)、压滤单元(3)、液体储存单元(4)、热转化单元(5)和固体储存单元(7);进料单元(1)的进料口用于待处理的高含水率有机物的进料,进料单元(1)的出料口与水热干化单元(2)的进料口相连通;水热干化单元(2)的出料口与压滤单元(3)的进料口相连通;压滤单元(3)的液体出口与液体储存单元(4)的液体入口相连通,压滤单元(3)的有机物出口与热转化单元(5)的进料口相连通;热转化单元(5)的固体产物出口与固体储存单元(7)的入口相连通;待处理的高含水率有机物能够依次进入进料单元(1)、水热干化单元(2)、压滤单元(3)和热转化单元(5);水热干化单元(2)设置有进气口和出气口,进气口用于通入气体调节水热干化单元(2)内的反应压力,出气口用于收集反应后的气体;水热干化单元(2)设置有第一加热装置和第一温度控制装置,通过第一温度控制装置和第一加热装置能够调节水热干化单元(2)内的反应环境温度;压滤单元(3)为机械压滤单元,用于通过机械挤压的方式对高含水率有机物进行脱水处理;热转化单元(5)包括第二加热装置和第二温度控制装置,通过第二加热装置和第二温度控制装置能够调节热转化单元(5)内的热转化环境温度。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种用于高含水率有机物处理的装置,其特征在于,还包括连续出料单元(6);热转化单元(5)的固体产物出口与连续出料单元(6)的入口相连通,连续出料单元(6)的出口与固体储存单元(7)的入口相连通;连续出料单元(6)包括电机与螺杆,螺杆设置于连续出料单元(6)内,电机的输出轴与 螺杆相连接,电机能够带动螺杆在连续出料单元(6)内转动。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种用于高含水率有机物处理的装置,其特征在于,水热干化单元(2)包括反应腔、第一加热装置和第一温度控制装置;第一加热装置安装在反应腔的外部或安装在反应腔的内部;第一温度控制装置包括第一温度传感器和第一温度控制器;第一温度传感器用于测量反应腔内的实时温度,第一温度传感器的信号输出端与第一温度控制器的信号接收端相连接,第一温度控制器的信号输出端与第一加热装置的信号接收端相连接。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种用于高含水率有机物处理的装置,其特征在于,热转化单元(5)设置有进气口和出气口;进气口用于通入气体实现热转化单元(5)热转化过程中的无氧气氛,出气口用于收集热转化后的气体产物。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种用于高含水率有机物处理的装置,其特征在于,热转化单元(5)包括热转化腔、第二加热装置和第二温度控制装置;第二加热装置为固定床加热炉结构,热转化腔设置于固定床加热炉内;第二温度控制装置包括第二温度传感器和第二温度控制器;第二温度传感器用于测量热转化腔内的实时温度,第二温度传感器的信号输出端与第二温度控制器的信号接收端相连接,第二温度控制器的信号输出端与第二加热装置的信号接收端相连接。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种用于高含水率有机物处理的装置,其特征在于,压滤单元(3)包括压滤腔、机械挤压装置和过滤装置;机械挤压装置包括第一活塞和第二活塞;第一活塞和第二活塞均设置在压滤腔内,第一活塞和第二活塞能够在压滤腔内移动,通过第一活塞和第二活塞的相向运动能够对高含水率有机物进行挤压;第二活塞靠近压滤腔的出口,第二活塞与压滤腔的出口之间设置有过滤装置。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种用于高含水率有机物处理的装置,其特征在于,进料单元(1)内设置有进料流道,进料流道包括进料段和推送段,推送段内设置有物料推送装置;水热干化单元(2)包括反应腔;压滤单元(3)包括压滤腔;反应腔和压滤腔集成为一个集成腔;集成腔的进料口与进料单元(1)的出料口相连通,集成腔的液体出口与液体储存单元(4)的液体入口相连通,集成腔的有机物出口通过物料输送通道与热转化单元(5)的进料口相连通,物料输送通道内设置有物料推送装置;集成腔内设置有活塞C和活塞D,集成腔的内壁与活塞C及活塞D之间均设置有密封装置,活塞D与液体出口之间设置有过滤装置。
- 根据权利要求7所述的一种用于高含水率有机物处理的装置,其特征在于,推送段包括第一推送段和第二推送段,第一推送段内设置有推送活塞A,第二推送段内设置有推送活塞B;集成腔的物料输送通道包括第一输送段和第二输送段,第一输送段内设置有活塞F,第二输送段内设置有活塞E,第二推送段与第一输送段相连通且周向截面尺寸相同,第二输送段与热转化单元(5)的热转化腔相连通且周向截面尺寸相同。
- 根据权利要求6或7所述的一种用于高含水率有机物处理的装置,其特征在于,过滤装置为过滤网(16);过滤网(16)的目数在200目以上,过滤网(16)的孔径大于0mm且小于等于0.08mm。
- 一种用于高含水率有机物处理的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:步骤1,将待处理的高含水率有机物进行水热干化处理,水热干化处理温度为120℃-400℃,水热处理压力大于0MPa且小于等于10MPa;步骤2,将步骤1水热干化处理后的高含水率有机物在水热干化处理温度条件下进行原位机械挤压,挤压方式为气动压滤,压滤压力大于0MPa且小于等于10MPa,压滤产生的饱和水 经过滤后在耐高温高压的液体存储罐中收集;步骤3,将步骤2处理后的低含水率有机物立即转移进行热转化处理,热转化温度为400℃-1000℃,热转化处理压力大于0MPa且小于等于5MPa,收集热转化后的产物;其中,在步骤3热转化过程运行的过程中,步骤1和步骤2同步进行,实现高含水率有机物的连续处理。
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