WO2020019578A1 - Système et procédé d'avertissement précoce d'incendie de batterie - Google Patents

Système et procédé d'avertissement précoce d'incendie de batterie Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020019578A1
WO2020019578A1 PCT/CN2018/114993 CN2018114993W WO2020019578A1 WO 2020019578 A1 WO2020019578 A1 WO 2020019578A1 CN 2018114993 W CN2018114993 W CN 2018114993W WO 2020019578 A1 WO2020019578 A1 WO 2020019578A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
detection device
early warning
detection
disposed
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PCT/CN2018/114993
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
李伟峰
王贺武
欧阳明高
张亚军
李成
李建秋
卢兰光
韩雪冰
杜玖玉
Original Assignee
清华大学
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Priority claimed from CN201810840708.6A external-priority patent/CN109064701A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201810840864.2A external-priority patent/CN109064702B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201810840443.XA external-priority patent/CN108765856B/zh
Application filed by 清华大学 filed Critical 清华大学
Publication of WO2020019578A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020019578A1/fr

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of lithium ion battery safety, and in particular, to a battery fire early warning system and method.
  • Lithium-ion batteries have excellent performance such as high voltage, high specific energy, long cycle life, and no pollution to the environment. They have attracted great attention from the electric vehicle industry, and have gained certain applications.
  • combustible gas mixtures such as H 2 , CO, and CH 4 are generated and accumulated inside the battery. After the battery reaches a certain pressure limit, the safety valve opens, and the combustible mixture is released into the external environment as the battery erupts.
  • the present application discloses a battery fire early warning system and method that can realize battery fire early warning from multiple perspectives.
  • the present application discloses a battery fire early warning system, which includes a battery module case, at least one first detection device, at least one second detection device, at least one third detection device, a plurality of fourth detection devices, and a battery management system.
  • a plurality of battery cells are disposed in the battery module case, and each of the battery cells is provided with a safety valve.
  • the first detection device is disposed on the inner wall of the battery module housing, and the first detection device is disposed opposite to the plurality of safety valves, and is disposed to detect when the battery cell is about to release or has undergone thermal runaway. Out of the electrolyte or soot particles.
  • the second detection device is disposed on the inner wall of the battery module housing, and the second detection device is disposed opposite to the plurality of safety valves, and is disposed to detect that the plurality of battery cells are about to undergo or have thermal runaway. When the shape changes.
  • the third detection device is disposed on the inner wall of the battery module case, and the third detection device is disposed opposite to the plurality of safety valves, and is disposed to collect that the plurality of battery cells is about to have or has undergone thermal runaway. Sound waves produced by air jets during the eruption process.
  • Each of the fourth detection devices is disposed on the surface of each of the battery cells or between the two battery cells, and is configured to detect the temperature of the surface of the battery cells when the plurality of battery cells are about to undergo or thermal runaway, Changes in surface strain or squeezing force between two battery cells.
  • the first detection device is connected to the battery management system
  • the second detection device is connected to the battery management system
  • the third detection device is connected to the battery management system
  • the plurality of fourth detection devices Connected to the battery management system.
  • the first detection device is a smoke sensor or a gas sensor.
  • the second detection device is a photographing device.
  • the third detection device is a sound collection device.
  • the fourth detection device is a temperature sensor.
  • the battery management system includes a control unit, a first detection unit, a second detection unit, a third detection unit, and a fourth detection unit.
  • An input terminal of the first detection unit is connected to the first detection device, and an output terminal of the first detection unit is connected to the control unit.
  • An input terminal of the second detection unit is connected to the second detection device, and an output terminal of the second detection unit is connected to the control unit.
  • An input terminal of the third detection unit is connected to the third detection device, and an output terminal of the third detection unit is connected to the control unit.
  • An input terminal of the fourth detection unit is connected to the plurality of fourth detection devices, and an output terminal of the fourth detection unit is connected to the control unit.
  • the battery management system further includes a fire extinguishing device, and the fire extinguishing device is connected to the control unit.
  • the second detection device includes a plurality of cameras.
  • the plurality of cameras are disposed on an inner wall of the battery module housing, and each of the cameras is connected to the battery management system.
  • each of the cameras is disposed on a geometric center of each inner wall surface of the battery module housing, and is configured to accurately position the plurality of battery cells.
  • each of the cameras is connected to an input terminal of the second detection unit, and an output terminal of the second detection unit is connected to the control unit.
  • the plurality of cameras are infrared cameras.
  • the battery fire early warning system further includes a spectrum analysis device.
  • An input end of the spectrum analysis device is connected to the third detection device, and an output end of the spectrum analysis device is connected to the third detection unit.
  • the third detection device includes a plurality of noise sensors, the plurality of noise sensors are disposed on an inner wall of the battery module housing, and each of the noise sensors and the spectrum analysis device Connected to the input.
  • each of the noise sensors is disposed at a geometric center of each inner wall surface of the battery module case.
  • each of the safety valves is disposed at an air outlet of each of the battery cells, and a plurality of the safety valves are opposite to a top surface of an inner wall of the battery module case.
  • the noise sensor is disposed on a side surface of an inner wall of the battery module case, and is disposed near a top surface of the inner wall.
  • the noise sensor is disposed on the surface of each of the battery cells and is disposed near the safety valve.
  • a battery fire early warning method includes: obtaining first signal parameters of a plurality of battery cells in a battery module housing according to a second detection device and a fourth sensing device; and according to the first Signal parameter, the control unit sends a warning signal; when the control unit sends a warning signal, according to the second detection device and the third detection device, obtain the number of the plurality of battery cells in the battery module housing A second signal parameter; according to the second signal parameter, the control unit sends out a fire warning signal; when the control unit sends out a fire warning signal, according to a first detection device, the plurality of cells in the battery module housing are obtained A third signal parameter of each battery cell; and according to the third signal parameter, the control unit escapes a signal.
  • the first signal parameters are the multiple The first image characteristic parameter of each battery cell and the surface temperature parameter of the plurality of battery cells.
  • the control unit issues a warning signal
  • a second signal of the plurality of battery cells in the battery module housing is obtained.
  • the second signal parameter is a second image characteristic parameter of the plurality of battery cells and a frequency characteristic and an amplitude characteristic of a sound wave.
  • the application provides the battery fire early warning system.
  • the first detection device is used to detect an electrolyte solution or soot particles released when the battery cell is thermally out of control.
  • the second detection device is used to detect a change in shape of the plurality of battery cells when thermal runaway is about to occur or has occurred.
  • the third detection device is configured to detect a vibration frequency of noise caused by airflow ejection during a battery eruption process when the plurality of battery cells is about to undergo thermal runaway.
  • Each of the fourth detection devices is configured to detect a change in a temperature or a surface strain force on a surface of each of the battery cells or a pressing force between two adjacent battery cells.
  • the first detection device, the second detection device, the third detection device, and the fourth detection device transmit signals collected when the plurality of battery cells are about to or have thermal runaway.
  • the battery management system issues a fire warning signal or activates a fire warning device.
  • the first detection device, the second detection device, the third detection device, and the fourth detection device are different types of detectors, and can be used for detecting the imminent or thermal runaway from different aspects.
  • the plurality of battery cells in the battery module case are detected.
  • the battery fire early warning system can realize battery fire early warning from multiple angles, such as image, gas, sound, temperature, squeezing force, etc., avoiding false or false alarms of the fire, and improving the safety of the battery in fire early warning To avoid loss of life and property.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery fire early warning system provided by the present application
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a camera installation of a battery fire early warning system structure provided by the present application
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a specific structure of a camera of a battery fire early warning system structure provided by the present application;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a camera installation structure in an embodiment of a battery fire early warning system structure provided by the present application;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic plan view of a mounting structure of a camera in an embodiment of a battery fire early warning system structure provided by the present application;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural side view of a camera mounting structure in an embodiment of a battery fire early warning system structure provided by the present application;
  • FIG. 7 is a top structural schematic view of a mounting structure of a camera in an embodiment of a battery fire early warning system structure provided by the present application;
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of installing a noise sensor of a battery fire early warning system structure provided by the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a detailed structural diagram of a noise sensor of a battery fire early warning system structure provided by the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic side view of a mounting structure of a noise sensor in an embodiment of a battery fire early warning system structure provided by the present application;
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of an installation structure of a noise sensor in an embodiment of a battery fire early warning system structure provided by the present application.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of an installation structure of a noise sensor in an embodiment of a battery fire early warning system structure provided by the present application.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic plan view of a mounting structure of a noise sensor in an embodiment of a battery fire early warning system structure provided by the present application;
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic structural side view of a mounting structure of a noise sensor in an embodiment of a battery fire early warning system structure provided by the present application;
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic plan view of a mounting structure of a noise sensor in an embodiment of a battery fire early warning system structure provided by the present application.
  • the present application discloses a battery fire warning system 100 including a battery module case 10, at least one first detection device 20, at least one second detection device 30, at least one third detection device 40, and a plurality of Fourth detection 50 and battery management system 60.
  • a plurality of battery cells 101 are disposed in the battery module case 10, and each of the battery cells 101 is provided with a safety valve 102.
  • the first detection device 20 is disposed on an inner wall of the battery module case 10, and the first detection device 20 is disposed opposite to a plurality of the safety valves 102.
  • the second detection device 30 is disposed on the battery.
  • the second detection device 30 is disposed opposite to the plurality of safety valves 102 on the inner wall of the module case 10, the third detection device 40 is disposed on the inner wall of the battery module case 10, and the third A detection device 40 is disposed opposite to the plurality of safety valves 102, and each of the fourth detection devices 50 is disposed on a surface of each of the battery cells 101.
  • the first detection device 20 is connected to the battery management system 60
  • the second detection device 30 is connected to the battery management system 60
  • the third detection device 40 is connected to the battery management system 60.
  • a plurality of fourth detection devices 50 are connected to the battery management system 60.
  • the first detection device 20 is used to detect an electrolyte solution or soot particles released when the battery cell 101 is thermally out of control.
  • the second detection device 30 is configured to detect a change in shape of the plurality of battery cells 101 when the battery cells 101 are about to undergo thermal runaway.
  • the third detecting device 40 is configured to detect a vibration frequency of noise caused by airflow ejection during a battery erupting process when the plurality of battery cells 101 is about to undergo thermal runaway.
  • Each of the fourth detection devices 50 is configured to detect a temperature of a surface of each of the battery cells 101 or a pressure change between two adjacent battery cells 101.
  • the plurality of battery cells 101 that will be collected by the first detection device 20, the second detection device 30, the third detection device 40, and the fourth detection device 50 are about to or have thermal runaway.
  • the time signal is transmitted to the battery management system 60. Therefore, the battery management system 60 issues a fire warning signal or activates a fire warning device.
  • the first detection device 20, the second detection device 30, the third detection device 40, and the fourth detection device 50 are different types of detectors, which can control thermal imminence or imminent thermal runaway from different aspects.
  • the plurality of battery cells 101 in the battery module case 10 are detected at this time.
  • the battery fire early warning system 100 can realize battery fire early warning from multiple angles such as image, gas, sound, temperature, squeeze force, etc., avoiding false or false alarms of the fire, and improving the safety of the battery in fire early warning. Sex, to avoid the loss of life and property.
  • the battery management system 60 (BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM, BMS) can prevent the battery from being overcharged and overdischarged.
  • the battery management system has an accurate estimation of the state of charge of the power battery pack, dynamic monitoring and balance between the batteries.
  • the terminal voltage and temperature, the charging and discharging current, and the total battery pack voltage of each of the battery cells 101 in the battery pack of the electric vehicle are collected in real time to prevent the battery from overcharging or overdischarging.
  • the status of each of the battery cells 101 can be given in time, and the battery in question can be selected to maintain the reliability and efficiency of the entire battery operation, making it possible to implement the remaining power estimation model.
  • the number of the first detection device 20, the second detection device 30, the third detection device 40, and the fourth detection device 50 is not limited, and may be one or more .
  • the installation positions of the first detection device 20, the second detection device 30, the third detection device 40, and the fourth detection device 50 may also be placed on the inner wall of the battery module case 10. Other locations can be easily detected.
  • the first detection device 20 is a smoke sensor or a gas sensor.
  • the first detection device 20 may be an ionic smoke sensor, a photoelectric smoke sensor, a gas-sensitive smoke sensor, or the like.
  • the first detection device 20 is a smoke sensor.
  • the first detection device 20 realizes fire prevention by monitoring the smoke concentration, and is widely used in various fire alarm systems, and its performance is far better than that of gas thermistor type fire alarms.
  • the first detection device 20 is mainly used to collect the electrolytic solution or soot particles released from the battery cell 101.
  • the first detection device 20 is connected to the battery management system 60.
  • the first detection device 20 When the first detection device 20 detects the electrolyte or soot particles released by the battery cell 101, it will collect the collected information about the The signal of the eruption when the battery cell 101 is about to undergo thermal runaway has been transmitted to the battery management system 60. Therefore, the battery management system 60 issues a fire warning signal.
  • the first detection device 20 is a smoke meter.
  • the first detection device 20 is placed directly above the safety valve 102 of the plurality of battery cells 101, or at a battery module case 10, or at a vent of a battery pack case.
  • One or more of the first detection devices 20 may be placed in the process according to actual needs.
  • the first detection device 20 collects the composition of the electrolyte, soot particles, H 2 , CO, and CH 4 mixed flue gas released from the battery cell 101, it is transmitted to the battery management system 60. Then, the battery management system 60 issues a fire warning signal.
  • the second detection device 30 is a photographing device.
  • the second detection device 30 may pass a photographing device. An image of the shape of one or more of the battery cells 101 in the battery module case 10 is acquired. A picture is taken by the second detection device 30, and the picture information is transmitted to the battery management system 60.
  • the second detection device 30 only needs to cover a range where the safety valves 102 of all the battery cells 101 in one of the battery module cases 10 are located.
  • one or more infrared camera lenses can be placed in the battery module housing 10. Since the battery module case 10 is sealed inside and the light is insufficient, an infrared camera can be used.
  • the position of the second detection device 30 may be directly above the safety valves of the plurality of battery cells 101.
  • each of the second detection devices 30 may correspond to one of the battery cells 101.
  • the battery management system 60 performs further recognition processing based on the grayscale difference of the picture taken by the battery management system 60, and compares the shape with the normal shape of the battery cell 101. If the shape changes, the battery management The system 60 issues a fire warning signal.
  • the third detection device 40 is a sound collection device.
  • one or more of the battery cells 101 in the battery module case 10 are thermally out of control, one or more of the battery cells 101 may emit particulate matter or a gas mixture.
  • the friction between the air flow and the outlet, the surrounding air, etc. causes vibration to generate noise, which is accompanied by a unique frequency, and the frequency is closely related to the spray speed of the air flow. Therefore, the unique vibration frequency caused by the eruption can be collected by the sound collection device, and it can be determined whether the spray phenomenon of the battery cell 101 occurs, and the related parameters of the vibration frequency are transmitted to the battery management system 60, so that The battery management system 60 issues a fire warning signal.
  • the sound collection device is used to collect sound waves emitted during the eruption of the battery cell 101, and transmit the sound wave signals to the battery management system 60. Therefore, the battery management system 60 performs a Fourier transform on the collected sound waves, and performs steps such as filtering and removing noise data to separate or demodulate complex signals into sine waves with different frequencies and amplitudes, and obtain the sound waves. Frequency and amplitude characteristics.
  • the battery management system 60 compares the frequency characteristics and amplitude characteristics of the collected acoustic waves with the frequency characteristics and amplitude characteristics of the target acoustic waves. If the frequency and amplitude of the collected sound wave appear to be the frequency distribution and amplitude distribution of the target sound wave, it can be considered that the spraying phenomenon of the battery cell 101 occurs, and the battery management system 60 issues a fire alarm at this time.
  • the number of the third detection device 40 may be one or more, and the third detection device 40 may be disposed above the safety valve 102 of the plurality of battery cells 101. .
  • the fourth detection device 50 is a temperature sensor. When one or more of the battery cells 101 in the battery module housing 10 are about to occur or thermal runaway has occurred, the temperature of the surface of the battery cells 101 will rise sharply, often accompanied by the battery The expansion of the shell of the monomer 101. The fourth detection device 50 can identify the surface temperature of the battery cell 101. The signal data collected by the fourth detection device 50 is transmitted to the battery management system 60, and the battery management system 60 is further used to determine the thermal runaway state of the battery.
  • the fourth detection device 50 is a strain sensor.
  • the battery cells 101 in the battery module housing 10 are about to occur or thermal runaway has occurred, the battery cells 101 are often accompanied by a shell expansion phenomenon.
  • a strain sensor can be used.
  • a change in the surface stress of the battery cell 101 is detected.
  • the signal data collected by the fourth detection device 50 is transmitted to the battery management system 60, and the battery management system 60 is further used to determine the thermal runaway state of the battery.
  • the fourth detection device 50 is a squeeze force sensor.
  • the battery cells 101 in the battery module housing 10 are about to occur or thermal runaway has occurred, the battery cells 101 are often accompanied by a shell expansion phenomenon.
  • a touch sensor may be used. Changes in the compression stress between two adjacent battery cells 101 are detected.
  • the signal data collected by the fourth detection device 50 is transmitted to the battery management system 60, and then a fire warning signal is issued by the battery management system 60.
  • the battery management system 60 includes a control unit 610, a first detection unit 620, a second detection unit 630, a third detection unit 640, and a fourth detection unit 650.
  • An input terminal of the first detection unit 620 is connected to the first detection device 20, and an output terminal of the first detection unit 620 is connected to the control unit 610.
  • An input terminal of the second detection unit 630 is connected to the second detection device 30, and an output terminal of the second detection unit 630 is connected to the control unit 610.
  • An input terminal of the third detection unit 640 is connected to the third detection device 40, and an output terminal of the third detection unit 640 is connected to the control unit 610.
  • An input terminal of the fourth detection unit 650 is connected to the plurality of fourth detection devices 50, and an output terminal of the fourth detection unit 650 is connected to the control unit 610.
  • the battery module case 10 contains a large number or even thousands of the battery cells 101.
  • An input terminal of the first detection unit 620 is connected to the first detection device 20, and an output terminal of the first detection unit 620 is connected to the control unit 610.
  • the first detection device 20 can detect the spray phenomenon appearing on the battery cell 101, collect the concentration of the electrolyte or soot particles released by the battery cell 101, and transmit the signal information to the first A detection unit 620, the first detection unit 620 analyzes a smoke signal released by the battery cell 101, and sends a fire warning signal through the control unit 610.
  • An input terminal of the second detection unit 630 is connected to the second detection device 30, and an output terminal of the second detection unit 630 is connected to the control unit 610.
  • the second detection device 30 can quickly, accurately and comprehensively capture the image change of each of the battery cells 101.
  • the second detection device 30 uses an industrial camera to take a picture, and then the second detection unit 630 uses software to identify useful information after processing according to the grayscale difference of the picture.
  • the second detection unit 630 performs image analysis on the image of the battery cell 101 captured by the second detection device 30 and compares the image with the normal battery cell 101.
  • the second detection unit 630 transmits an image analysis result to the control unit 610. When a shape of one or more of the battery cells 101 changes, the control unit 610 issues a fire warning signal.
  • An input terminal of the third detection unit 640 is connected to the third detection device 40, and an output terminal of the third detection unit 640 is connected to the control unit 610.
  • the third detection device 40 is based on a specific vibration frequency occurring during the eruption of the battery cell 101.
  • the third detection unit 640 generates a sound by directly vibrating the airflow collected by the third detection device 40 with the outlet, the surrounding air, and the like to generate a sound, and the sound is analyzed with a unique frequency.
  • the control unit 610 sends out a fire warning signal.
  • An input terminal of the fourth detection unit 650 is connected to the plurality of fourth detection devices 50, and an output terminal of the fourth detection unit 650 is connected to the control unit 610.
  • Each of the fourth detection devices 50 may detect a temperature on a surface of each of the battery cells 101, or the fourth detection device 50 disposed between the adjacent fourth detection devices 50 may detect two adjacent cells. The pressure change between the battery cells 101 due to thermal runaway. When thermal runaway occurs in one or more of the battery cells 101, the signal information collected by the plurality of fourth detection devices 50 is transmitted to the fourth detection unit 650, and the control unit 610 issues a fire warning signal.
  • At least one of the first detection device 20, at least one of the second detection device 30, at least one of the third detection device 40, and the plurality of fourth detection devices 50 can be used to test the battery module from multiple angles.
  • the plurality of battery cells 101 in the pack case 10 are monitored in real time, avoiding false alarms or false alarms caused by using a single detector, and improving the safety of the battery fire early warning system 100, and The cost of the battery fire early warning system 100 is reduced.
  • the battery fire early warning system 100 further includes a fire extinguishing device 70.
  • the fire extinguishing device 70 is connected to the control unit 610.
  • the first detection unit 620, the second detection unit 630, the third detection unit 640, and The fourth detection unit 650 collects analysis signal information, and transmits the analysis result to the control unit 610, and the control unit 610 sends out a fire warning signal.
  • the control unit 610 sends out a fire warning signal to control the fire extinguishing device 70 to extinguish fire.
  • the control unit 610 alerts the car, and the car can control power failure.
  • the battery cell 101 will not have a current output, and the danger can be controlled in time.
  • the control unit 610 presents a fire alarm signal to the charger, at which time the charger stops charging, and the battery management system 60 itself can also cut off the current.
  • control unit 610 sends out a fire early warning signal, which can remind the driver, the driver can extinguish the fire manually, or the control unit 610 can send out a fire early warning signal, so that the driver and passengers can quickly leave the car.
  • the second detector device 30 is a photographing device and can obtain image information of the plurality of battery cells 101.
  • the shape, size, position, characteristics and mutual relationship of the plurality of battery cells 101 can be obtained by processing the pictures obtained by the optical camera, and one or more of the batteries that are about to undergo or have thermal runaway can be located in time Monomer 101.
  • the second detection unit 630 is connected to the photographing device, and recognizes changes in one or more of the battery cells 101 through image preprocessing, image segmentation, feature value extraction, and the like.
  • the image information of the battery cell 101 is converted into a digital signal.
  • the photographing device can quickly and accurately identify whether a spray phenomenon occurs on the battery.
  • the battery management system 60 judges whether to issue based on the relationship between the digital signals that characterize the battery expansion, safety valve opening, outer packaging rupture, battery eruption and other phenomena such as thermal runaway and fire in the battery cell 101. Early warning signs of fire.
  • the battery management system 60 sends out an early warning signal for fire, so that the driver or the fire extinguishing device of the car can make corresponding rescue measures to improve the safety during the use of the battery.
  • the second detection device 30 includes a plurality of cameras 310.
  • the plurality of cameras 310 are disposed on an inner wall of the battery module housing 10, and each of the cameras 310 is connected to the battery management system 60.
  • the battery management system 60 prevents the battery from being overcharged and overdischarged.
  • the battery management system has an accurate estimation of the state of charge of the power battery pack, dynamic monitoring and balance between the batteries.
  • the terminal voltage and temperature of each battery in the electric vehicle battery pack, the charging and discharging current, and the total voltage of the battery pack are collected in real time to prevent the battery from overcharging or overdischarging.
  • the status of the battery can be given in time, and the battery in question can be selected to maintain the reliability and efficiency of the entire battery operation, making it possible to implement the remaining power estimation model.
  • each of the cameras 310 is disposed on a geometric center of each inner wall surface of the battery module case 10, and is configured to accurately position the plurality of battery cells 101.
  • the shape of the battery module case 10 is not limited, and may be a rectangular parallelepiped, a cube, a cylinder, or the like.
  • Each camera 310 is disposed at a geometric center of each inner wall surface of the battery module case 10 The image obtained by the optical camera is processed to obtain the shape, size, position, characteristics, and their relationship of the plurality of battery cells 101 photographed.
  • Each of the cameras 310 is disposed on a diagonal line of each inner wall surface of the battery module housing 10, and can be positioned from all directions to fully capture the safety of one or more of the battery cells 101
  • the changes in the valve 102 and the battery body are compared with normal battery cells, and one or more of the battery cells 101 that have changed can be clearly observed.
  • Each of the cameras 310 is disposed on a geometric center of each inner wall surface of the battery module casing 10, and the geometric positioning determines the size, shape, and spatial position of the subject.
  • the three-dimensional coordinates of the to-be-determined ground points constituting the two photographic rays can be met according to two known photographic sites and two known photographic direction lines.
  • V-STARS software can be used to process the acquired pictures to obtain the three-dimensional coordinates of the points to be measured.
  • the precise three-dimensional coordinates of the point to be measured are obtained by performing image matching and other related mathematical calculations at different positions and directions.
  • the battery management system 30 can also output the three-dimensional data of the position, and at the same time, a retro-reflective mark is stuck on the plurality of battery cells 101, or a point is projected by a spot projector, or a probe rod is used. Point, so that the specific location of the changed battery cell 101 in the battery module case 10 and the specific location of the changed battery cell 101 can be specifically located.
  • each of the cameras 310 is connected to an input terminal of the second detection unit 630, and an output terminal of the second detection unit 630 is connected to the control unit 610.
  • the plurality of cameras 310 capture images of the plurality of battery cells 101 and transmit signals to the second detection unit 630 through a wire harness.
  • the second detection unit 630 performs further recognition processing according to the grayscale difference of the picture.
  • Such phenomena as swelling and deformation, opening of the safety valve, cracking of the outer packaging film, and eruption of the eruption can be clearly displayed on the image, and be timely fed back to the second detection unit 630.
  • the second detection unit 630 performs image processing, converts image information into a digital signal, and feeds it back to the control unit 610.
  • the control unit 610 uses this signal as a basis for issuing a fire warning signal.
  • image recognition such phenomena as swelling and deformation, opening of the safety valve, cracking of the outer packaging film, and eruption of eruption are reflected by the characteristic values such as the gray and shape of the image pixels.
  • the characteristic values such as the gray and shape of the image pixels.
  • by analyzing the picture information taken from the direction of looking down the safety valve 102 it is possible to identify the specific location where the battery emerges through the change in the gray level of the pixel, and quickly identify the early thermal runaway and eruption of the battery.
  • the plurality of cameras 310 are infrared cameras, which have high accuracy, non-contact measurement, no contact, fast measurement speed, can be measured in an unstable environment, suitable for measurement in a narrow space, high data rate, Easy access to large amounts of data, good adaptability, and good portability.
  • the types of the plurality of cameras 310 may be different.
  • each of the battery cells 101 is provided with a safety valve 102.
  • the safety valve 102 is disposed at an air outlet of the battery cell 101.
  • the safety valve 102 is generally installed and the battery cell 101 is about to undergo thermal runaway and a spray phenomenon occurs, the jetting position of the air flow is often through the safety Valve 102 is ejected.
  • the eruption position is fixed and the airflow is distributed above the safety valve 102, it is possible to determine whether an eruption phenomenon occurs by monitoring the change in the gray value of the area above the safety valve 102.
  • the camera is installed at the intersection of diagonal lines above the inner wall of the battery module case 10, and the camera A photographing device is disposed opposite to a plurality of the safety valves 102 for real-time monitoring.
  • the multiple cameras 310 are respectively connected to the battery management system 60, and can take pictures from multiple angles, which can quickly and accurately implement a large number of lithium-ion battery fire warnings, and can specifically locate one or more of the changes that occur.
  • Battery cell 101 When one or more of the battery cells 101 show a spray phenomenon, the lower limit value of the safety valve 102 of the hard-shell battery and the soft-pack battery is often the position where the gaseous eruption is sprayed from the inside of the battery. Therefore, one or more of the cameras 310 need to be installed at a position overlooking the safety valve 102 as needed to comprehensively capture image information of key parts.
  • the camera 310 may also be installed at different positions of the battery module casing 10 as needed to capture image information of battery expansion and deformation in all directions.
  • the multiple cameras 310 can be used for a large number of fire alarms of the battery cells 101. For example, the multiple cameras 310 can be installed at different positions in the battery box, the structure is simple, and it is relatively easy to implement.
  • the camera 310 is disposed on an inner wall side 104 of the battery module housing 10 and is disposed near the inner wall top surface 103 so that the safety valve can be monitored in real time. 102 changes.
  • a plurality of the battery cells 101 in the battery module case 10 are often arranged side by side.
  • a straight line can be connected at the center of the safety valve 102, and a plane a is formed through the straight line, the plane a is parallel to the surface of the safety valve 102, and the surface of the safety valve 102 is close to the safety valve 102.
  • the inner wall surface of the battery module case 10 forms a closed rectangular parallelepiped or hexahedron. Among them, four faces b are perpendicular to the plane a, and each face b belongs to a part of the inner wall side surface 104.
  • the plane a is parallel to the inner wall top surface 103 and has a certain distance.
  • the plane a is a virtual plane provided to better confirm the installation position of the safety valve 102.
  • the camera 310 may be provided with one camera 310 at the center of a plane b, or one camera 310 may be installed at the center of two adjacent faces b, that is, only two opposite faces b One of the cameras 310 may be installed on one of the faces b.
  • each of the battery cells 101 is provided with a safety valve 102, and a plurality of the safety valves 102 are opposite to the top surface 103 of the inner wall of the battery module housing 10.
  • the camera 310 is disposed on an intersection of a plane where the center points of the plurality of safety valves 102 are connected and a vertical plane of the inner wall top surface 103.
  • a vertical line intersects with the inner wall top surface 103, and the camera 310 is disposed on the At the intersection, a plurality of the safety valves 102 can be monitored at the most accurate position, and positioning can be accurately performed to confirm one or more of the battery cells 101 that will or will have thermal runaway.
  • the center point of the safety valve 102 can be connected into a line, as shown by the dotted line in FIG. 6.
  • the installation position of the camera 310 in the top view is at the position of the dotted line, not only can it be determined whether a spraying phenomenon has occurred, but also the position of the battery cell 101 where the spraying phenomenon occurs can be located.
  • the camera 310 is disposed at a top corner position of the inner wall top surface 103 of the battery module case 10.
  • the camera 310 is installed at a top corner of the battery module case 10. At this time, a certain distance should be maintained between the top of the battery cell 101 and the wall surface of the nearest battery module case 10 to ensure that the camera can fully capture the safety valves 102 of all the battery cells 101.
  • the position shown only requires a camera, and it can be prepared to capture whether a battery ejection phenomenon has occurred and the position of the battery cell 101 where the ejection phenomenon has occurred.
  • the battery fire early warning system further includes a spectrum analysis device 450.
  • An input terminal of the spectrum analysis device 450 is connected to the third detection device 40, and an output terminal of the spectrum analysis device 450 is connected to the third detection unit 640.
  • the sound collection device is used to collect sound waves emitted during the eruption of the battery cell 101, and transmit the sound wave signals to the spectrum analysis device 450.
  • the spectrum analysis device 450 performs a Fourier transform on the collected sound waves, and performs steps such as filtering and removing noise data to separate or demodulate complex signals into sine waves with different frequencies and amplitudes, and detects the The frequency characteristics and amplitude characteristics of the sound waves are transmitted to the third detection unit 640.
  • the third detection unit 640 compares the frequency characteristics and amplitude characteristics of the collected acoustic waves with the frequency characteristics and amplitude characteristics of the target acoustic wave. If the frequency and amplitude of the collected sound wave appear to be the frequency distribution and amplitude distribution of the target sound wave, it can be considered that the spraying phenomenon of the battery cell 101 occurs, and the control unit 610 issues a fire alarm at this time.
  • the spectrum analysis device 450 is a spectrum analyzer.
  • the third detection device 40 includes a plurality of noise sensors 421 disposed on an inner wall of the battery module housing 10, and each of the noise sensors 421 and The input terminal of the spectrum analysis device 450 is connected.
  • the noise sensor 421 has a built-in capacitive electret microphone that is sensitive to sound.
  • the collected sound waves cause the electret film in the microphone to vibrate, which results in a change in capacitance and a corresponding tiny voltage that changes to achieve the sound.
  • Sound as a kind of wave, frequency and amplitude have become important attributes describing sound waves. The larger the amplitude, the louder, the higher the frequency, and the higher the pitch.
  • Another characteristic of sound is the timbre, which means that the frequency performance of different sounds always has distinctive characteristics in terms of waveforms. Different sounding bodies have different timbre due to their different materials and structures.
  • each of the noise sensors 421 is disposed at a geometric center of each inner wall surface of the battery module case 10.
  • the shape of the battery module case 10 is not limited, and may be a rectangular parallelepiped, a cube, a cylinder, or the like.
  • Each of the noise sensors 421 is disposed on the geometry of each inner wall surface of the battery module case 10. On the center, sound waves emitted during the eruption of one or more of the battery cells 101 can be captured from all directions.
  • the noise sensor 421 is disposed on an inner wall side surface 104 of the battery module case 10 and is disposed near the inner wall top surface 103.
  • a plurality of the battery cells 101 in the battery module case 10 are often arranged side by side.
  • a straight line can be connected at the center of the safety valve 102, and a plane a is formed through the straight line, the plane a is parallel to the surface of the safety valve 102, and the surface of the safety valve 102 is close to the safety valve 102.
  • the inner wall surface of the battery module case 10 forms a closed rectangular parallelepiped or hexahedron.
  • each face b belongs to a part of the inner wall side surface 104.
  • the plane a is parallel to the inner wall top surface 103 and has a certain distance.
  • the plane a is a virtual plane provided to better confirm the installation position of the safety valve 102.
  • One noise sensor 421 is installed at the center of a plane b, or one noise sensor 421 may be installed at the center of two adjacent faces b, that is, only one of the two opposite faces b It is sufficient to install one of the noise sensors 421 on b.
  • the noise sensor 421 is disposed on a surface of each of the battery cells 101 and is disposed near the safety valve 102.
  • each of the safety valves 102 is disposed at an air outlet of each of the battery cells 101, and a plurality of the safety valves 102 and an inner wall of the battery module case 10 The top surface 103 is opposed.
  • the noise sensor 421 is disposed on an intersection line of a plane where the center point line of the plurality of safety valves 102 is located and a vertical plane of the inner wall top surface 103.
  • a vertical line intersects with the inner wall top surface 103, and the noise sensor 421 is disposed at the At the intersection, a plurality of the safety valves 102 can be monitored.
  • the center points of the safety valves 102 can be connected into a line.
  • the noise sensor 421 is disposed at a vertex position of the top surface 103 of the inner wall of the battery module case 10. Further, in order to reduce costs, the noise sensor 421 is installed at a top corner of the battery module case 10.
  • airflow noise is generated when the airflow is emitted from the inside of one or more of the battery cells 101 to the outside of the battery. The reason is that the airflow causes friction and collision with the wall surface at the exit and the surrounding air to cause vibration. This causes air to vibrate and emit sound.
  • the sound collection device is used to collect sound waves emitted during the eruption of the battery cell 101, and transmit the sound wave signal to the spectrum analysis device 450.
  • the spectrum analysis device 450 performs a Fourier transform on the collected sound waves, and performs steps such as filtering and removing noise data to separate or demodulate complex signals into sine waves with different frequencies and amplitudes, and detects the The frequency characteristics and amplitude characteristics of the sound waves are transmitted to the third detection unit 640.
  • the third detection unit 640 compares the frequency characteristics and amplitude characteristics of the collected acoustic waves with the frequency characteristics and amplitude characteristics of the target acoustic wave. If the frequency and amplitude of the collected sound wave appear to be the frequency distribution and amplitude distribution of the target sound wave, it can be considered that the spraying phenomenon of the battery cell 101 occurs, and the control unit 610 issues a fire alarm at this time.
  • a battery fire warning method may be applied to the battery fire warning system 100 described above.
  • the battery fire early warning method includes:
  • the control unit 610 issues a warning signal.
  • control unit 610 issues a warning signal, according to the second detection device 30 and the third detection device 40, obtain a second signal of the plurality of battery cells 101 in the battery module case 10. parameter;
  • the control unit 610 issues a fire warning signal
  • control unit 610 issues a fire warning signal, according to the first detection device 20, obtain a third signal parameter of the plurality of battery cells 101 in the battery module housing 10;
  • the control unit 610 sends an escape signal.
  • the second detection device 30 and the fourth detection device 50 can detect corresponding signals before one or more of the battery cells 101 show a spray phenomenon
  • the first The two detection devices 30 and the fourth detection device 50 are used as the first signal in parallel, that is, when one or more of the battery cells 101 do not show a spray phenomenon, but one or more of the battery cells 101 exhibit expansion deformation
  • the control unit 610 should issue a warning signal to remind "the battery needs to be repaired.”
  • step S40 when one or more of the battery cells 101 show a spray phenomenon, the second detection device 30 and the third detection device 40 will first detect the corresponding safety valve 102. Signals such as opening or cracking of the outer package, specific noise vibration frequency, etc., and using this as the second signal parameter, the control unit 610 should issue a fire warning signal to remind "please evacuate urgently" and start the automatic fire extinguishing device.
  • step S60 when the smoke diffuses to the first detection device 20, the first detection device 20 will detect that a specific component such as H 2 , CO 2 and other flammable and explosive gases exceeds a certain amount. Concentration, and using this as the third signal parameter, the control unit 610 should issue an escape signal to remind "the fire is about to occur, please emergency escape”. Detecting the image, gas, sound, temperature, and surface stress of one or more of the battery cells 101 by the first detection device 20, the second detection device 30, the third detection device 40, and the fourth detection device 50 , Squeezing force and other signal information.
  • a specific component such as H 2 , CO 2 and other flammable and explosive gases exceeds a certain amount. Concentration, and using this as the third signal parameter, the control unit 610 should issue an escape signal to remind "the fire is about to occur, please emergency escape”. Detecting the image, gas, sound, temperature, and surface stress of one or more of the battery cells 101 by the first detection device 20, the second detection device 30, the third detection device 40, and the fourth detection
  • the first detection unit 620, the second detection unit 630, the third detection unit 640, and the fourth detection unit 650 transmit corresponding signal information to the control unit 610 of the battery management system 60,
  • the control unit 610 judges according to the corresponding signal information, determines whether to issue a fire warning signal and the type of the signal, and warns the driver, the passenger or the car to perform corresponding processing.
  • the first signal parameters are First image characteristic parameters of the plurality of battery cells 101 and surface temperature parameters of the plurality of battery cells 101.
  • the plurality of cameras 310 are respectively disposed on diagonal lines of each inner wall surface of the battery module housing 10 to monitor the plurality of battery cells 101 in all directions and collect the plurality of batteries. Images at different locations of cell 101.
  • the plurality of cameras 310 are used to capture images of changes in the plurality of battery cells 101, such as battery expansion, safety valve opening, outer packaging film rupture, and battery eruption.
  • the second detection unit 630 further identifies a change situation of the images of the plurality of battery cells 101 according to a grayscale difference of pictures.
  • Image processing according to the images of the plurality of battery cells 101 includes image preprocessing, image segmentation, feature value extraction, etc., converting image information of the images of the plurality of battery cells 101 into digital signals, and according to the image grayscale The change judges whether an air flow eruption or a change in the shape of the battery has occurred.
  • the gray value of an image is generally quantified into different gray levels.
  • the gray value of the collected image will change accordingly, which will be different from the normal battery cell.
  • the feature parameter is a gray value that changes in each image.
  • changes such as swelling and deformation of one or more of the battery cells 101, opening of the safety valve, cracking of the outer packaging film, and eruption of the eruption can be changed through gray in the acquired image
  • the degree value is reflected.
  • it may be compared with the gray value of the image of the battery cell in a normal state, and the part where the gray value changes in the collected image is a thermal runaway. position.
  • an image recognition algorithm using a neural network is used to obtain the first image feature parameters and the second image feature parameters.
  • An image recognition method is adopted when acquiring changes of the plurality of battery cells 101.
  • an image recognition method based on a neural network an image recognition method based on a wavelet moment, and the like are generally used.
  • Changes in the images of the plurality of battery cells 101 are further identified according to the grayscale difference of the pictures.
  • the control unit 610 issues a battery failure warning.
  • the control unit 610 warns the entire vehicle or powers off and does not output current for control.
  • the control unit 610 raises an alarm to the charger, and the charger stops charging.
  • the battery cell 101 erupts, there is a gaseous eruption around the safety valve 102, which causes a change in the gray value of the image around the safety valve 102.
  • the second detection unit 630 recognizes that the gray value has changed, the feedback is sent to the control unit 610, and the control unit 610 issues a fire warning.
  • the control unit 610 issues a fire warning.
  • the gray value of the area between the adjacent battery cells 101 changes, and is fed back to the control unit 610, and the control unit 610 issues a fire warning.
  • the control unit 610 issues a warning signal
  • the plurality of battery cells in the battery module case 10 are obtained according to the second detection device 30 and the third detection device 40.
  • the second signal parameter is a second image characteristic parameter of the plurality of battery cells 101 and a frequency characteristic and an amplitude characteristic of a sound wave.
  • the frequency distribution of the jet noise during the battery eruption is determined in the silent test room, and it is observed whether it is mainly low frequency, or medium and high frequency, and the proportion distribution of the three.
  • the low frequency is 30 to 300 kHz
  • the intermediate frequency is 300 to 3000 kHz
  • the high frequency is 3 to 30 MHz
  • the frequency range 30 to 300 MHz is very high frequency.
  • 300 ⁇ 1000MHz is UHF.
  • high-frequency signals change very quickly and have abrupt changes; low-frequency signals change slowly and the waveform is smooth.
  • the rate is faster at the beginning of the spray and gradually decreases, so the corresponding frequency does not change periodically.
  • the focus is on the frequency and amplitude distribution of the noise at the moment of battery eruption, so that the relevant signals can be captured and fire warnings issued in time when the battery has just emerged.
  • the battery cells in one battery module are split and only one of them is kept, and the battery module box containing only one battery cell is placed in a silent laboratory.
  • certain abuse methods such as electrical abuse, thermal abuse, mechanical abuse, etc.
  • the battery is ejected, and its frequency characteristics and amplitude characteristics are obtained through spectrum analysis.
  • the general target frequency characteristics and amplitude characteristics can be obtained during the battery eruption process, and the variation of the amplitude distribution with the injection process can be observed to obtain various possibilities for the target frequency characteristics and amplitude characteristics. Therefore, the characteristic frequency and characteristic amplitude during battery cell eruption are extracted as the basis for judging whether or not the battery has an appearance phenomenon, that is, the frequency characteristic and amplitude characteristic of the target acoustic wave.
  • the acquired frequency characteristic and amplitude characteristic corresponding to the acoustic wave are compared with the target frequency characteristic and target amplitude characteristic. If the acquired frequency characteristic and amplitude characteristic corresponding to the acoustic wave include the target frequency characteristic and the target amplitude characteristic, then It can be determined that one or more of the battery cells 101 have been sprayed, and a fire warning signal should be issued at this time. Otherwise, it is considered that no spraying phenomenon has occurred.

Abstract

Cette invention concerne un système d'avertissement précoce d'incendie de batterie (100), comprenant un boîtier de module de batterie (10), au moins un premier dispositif de détection (20), au moins un deuxième dispositif de détection (30), au moins un troisième dispositif de détection (40), une pluralité de quatrièmes dispositifs de détection (50), et un système de gestion de batterie (60). Une pluralité de cellules de batterie (101) est disposée dans le boîtier de module de batterie (10), et chacune des cellules de batterie (101) est pourvue d'une soupape de sécurité (102). Le premier dispositif de détection (20) est disposé sur la paroi interne du boîtier de module de batterie (10), et le premier dispositif de détection (20) est disposé face à une pluralité de soupapes de sécurité (102). Le deuxième dispositif de détection (30) est disposé sur la paroi interne du boîtier de module de batterie (10), et le deuxième dispositif de détection (30) est disposé face à la pluralité de soupapes de sécurité (102). Le troisième dispositif de détection (40) est disposé sur la paroi interne du boîtier de module de batterie (10), et le troisième dispositif de détection (40) est disposé face à la pluralité de soupapes de sécurité (102). Chacun des quatrièmes dispositifs de détection (50) est disposé sur la surface de chacune des cellules de batterie (101). Le système d'avertissement précoce d'incendie de batterie (100) peut mettre en œuvre un avertissement précoce d'un incendie de batteries au moyen de multiples indicateurs tels que des images, du gaz, un son et une température, ce qui permet d'éviter une fausse alarme ou un manque d'alarme de l'incendie.
PCT/CN2018/114993 2018-07-27 2018-11-12 Système et procédé d'avertissement précoce d'incendie de batterie WO2020019578A1 (fr)

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CN201810840443.X 2018-07-27
CN201810840708.6 2018-07-27
CN201810840864.2 2018-07-27
CN201810840708.6A CN109064701A (zh) 2018-07-27 2018-07-27 电池火灾预警系统及方法
CN201810840864.2A CN109064702B (zh) 2018-07-27 2018-07-27 电池火灾预警系统及方法
CN201810840443.XA CN108765856B (zh) 2018-07-27 2018-07-27 电池火灾预警系统及方法

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