WO2020018157A1

WO2020018157A1 - Flotation system

Info

Publication number: WO2020018157A1
Application number: PCT/US2019/025755
Authority: WO
Inventors: Anthony Thanh NGO
Original assignee: Ace Pt Products And Equipment, Inc.
Priority date: 2018-07-17
Filing date: 2019-04-04
Publication date: 2020-01-23
Also published as: US20200023929A1

Abstract

A flotation system includes a crotch support and a vest. The crotch support includes a central body, a first pad, a second pad, and first and second elastic bands extending from the first pad. The vest includes a lower torso support and an upper torso stabilization system. The lower torso support can include a flexible body, first and second flanks extending from the flexible body, and torso grip attached to one of the first and second flanks. The stabilization system can include first and second arms, each having a proximal end extending from the lower torso support, and a distal end. A male or female component of linking system is attached to the lower torso support proximate to the torso grip, and a female or male component is attached to the crotch support. Each of the central body, pads, flexible body, and arms can include a buoyant body.

Description

FLOTATION SYSTEM

Cross Reference to Related Application

[001] This application claims priority to U.S. Non-Provisional Patent Application No. 16/374,944, filed April 4, 2019, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser.

No. 16/374,897 filed on April 4, 2019, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/699,245, filed July 17, 2018, the disclosures of all of which are herein expressly incorporated by reference in their entireties.

[002] This application is for a Flotation System by Inventor Anthony T. Ngo, a United States citizen residing, at the time of filing of this application, in Cypress, Texas of the United States.

Technical Field

[003] The present disclosure relates to flotation systems for enabling individuals to remain upright during aquatic activities without movement on the part of the individuals or assistance from others. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to a compression flotation system including a crotch support, and a vest having an upper torso stabilization system and a lower torso support. The stabilization system, the lower torso support, and the crotch support may include features that apply compressive forces at or near an individual’s chest and waist.

Background

[004] Many people are severely limited in their mobility as a result of muscular, bone, and neuromuscular conditions. For example, individuals that may have cerebral palsy, be paraplegic, be quadriplegic, have muscular sclerosis, or have suffered from traumatic physical injuries (collectively referred to herein as“severe mobility condition”) may not have control of their arms, legs, head movements, trunk (i.e. , the entire torso), or combinations thereof. Treatment for these conditions can involve various exercises guided by a loved one, a caregiver, a physical therapist, nurse, or healthcare

professional (collectively referred to herein as“caregiver” or“caregivers”). These exercises may improve muscle strength, coordination, and mobility to a certain degree. Other forms of therapy may take place in water such as in a pool (e.g. hydrotherapy exercises), and if done on a regular basis, could further enhance the therapeutic and rehabilitative effects of a therapy or daily medical management plan.

[005] However, such hydrotherapy exercises and treatment plans are more often than not, unavailable to individuals with severe mobility conditions. These individuals often lack control of their trunk (torso), major limbs, and/or major muscles that others use: to swim, tread water, or generally move in the water to stay upright in moderate to deep waters; or to stand in a pool of shallow water with their head above a surface level of a body of water. Depending on the severity, loss of trunk control, in particular, can render many who suffer from this condition unable to go into the water without a cumbersome full body flotation device. Such devices often substantially inhibit a person’s range of motion and ability to perform, or be guided in the performance of, aquatic exercises that specifically address, and potentially improve, their physical condition with respect to trunk control. Even with the help of a caregiver, these individuals are at a substantial and constant risk of further injury or drowning while in the water. There can be an additional barrier to doing aquatic exercises from an emotional standpoint. Those who are aware of their physical limitations may suffer from significant anxiety during any aquatic exercise for risk of drowning. Others, who are simply not used to being the water, whether they are aware of their condition or not, may freeze with fear and anxiety by even the slightest contact with a body of water.

[006] Regardless of how much an individual weighs, those tasked with treating or caring for the individual are often not equipped to take the individual safely into the water. These caregivers lack a method or instrument that allows them to guide an individual’s entrance into the water or support the weight or guide the body of the individual while in the water in way that: (a) is constant enough to guard against the ever-present risk of drowning; (b) is safe for the caregiver; (c) alleviates some of the burden on the caregiver to reassure the individual that they are safe in the water; or (d) allows for effective treatment.

[007] Previous flotation solutions include garments that are worn on an individual’s upper torso, lower body, or combinations thereof. These solutions may suffice for people who do not know how to swim, or have moderate injuries that make swimming or treading water for more than an appreciable amount of time impractical. However, solutions focused on an upper torso often tend to ride up a person’s chest and constrict the person’s neck or arms, especially where the person cannot move their legs and/or arms to hover above a water line. In addition, these solutions are often not compatible with individuals who have had a tracheotomy procedure. It is often the case that components of these solutions rub or press against an anterior region of an individual’s neck at or near a cite of a stoma and are prohibitively uncomfortable. Further, individuals with certain types of severe mobility conditions (e.g., cerebral palsy), may not be able to become accustomed to an unrestricted or floating feeling for their lower body. Such a feeling may cause the individual to panic, and in some cases become constricted, while in the water.

[008] On the other hand, lower body flotation solutions alone or in combination with upper torso solutions may be able to prevent discomfort or constriction at the neck and arm regions to some degree. However, these lower body solutions, alone or in combination, are still deficient at compensating for shifts in body weight sufficient to tip a person over frontwards, backwards, or to either side (and under water) from an upright position.

[009] Minor displacements of water occurring in other portions of a pool or a shared volume of water (e.g. due to weather, other pool entrants, or reflective movement of water from an individual’s own movements) are frequent and often sufficient to tip over floating bodies similar to individuals with severe mobility conditions with no means of staying upright. Thus, even the previous flotations solutions, if applied, require constant monitoring to prevent situations where an individual could tip over and possibly drown. Still further, none of the previous flotation solutions enable an individual to enter a pool of water in a manner that can be easily and consistently guided by a caregiver, let alone does not require a caregiver’s assistance, to ensure that when the individual enters the water, their buoyant movements in the water don’t cause shifts in their body weight that will cause the individual to tip over from an upright position.

[010] As a result, a need exists for a flotation device that can: (a) be worn by an individual with a severe mobility condition during aquatic applications; (b) minimize restrictions on the individual’s ability to move their arms and avoid constricting of the individual’s neck region; (c) provide some degree of reassurance to the individual that they are safe; and (d) maintain the individual in an upright position without assistance from another person.

[011] These and other issues are addressed by a flotation system and method of using the flotation system of the present disclosure.

Summary

[012] Aspects of the present disclosure are directed to a flotation system that can include a crotch support having a central body, a first pad, a second pad, a first elastic band extending from the first pad, and a second elastic band extending from the first pad in an opposite direction of the first elastic band. The flotation system may further include a vest with a lower torso support and an upper torso stabilization system.

According to an aspect of the present disclosure, the lower torso support can include a flexible body, a first flank extending from a first side of the flexible body, and a second flank extending from a second side of the flexible body. The first flank may include a first flank attachment segment, and the second flank may include a second flank attachment segment. In one example, a torso grip may be attached to a top edge of lower torso support, an be accessible for gripping in an attachment configuration of the first and second flanks. According to another aspect of the present disclosure, the upper torso stabilization system may include a first arm and a second arm, each of the first arm and the second arm having a proximal end extending from a top edge of the lower torso support and a distal end. Further, an extension may extend from each distal end and be configured to engage a respective one of the first and second flanks. The flotation system may include at least one linking system having one of a male component and a female component attached to the lower torso support proximate to the torso grip, and an other of the male component and female component attached to the crotch support. According to another aspect of the present disclosure, each of the central body, the first pad, second pad, flexible body, first arm, and the second arm can include a respective buoyant body.

[013] Aspects of the present disclosure are directed to a vest that can provided a flotation device, and includes a lower torso support, a first arm, and a second arm. In one example, the lower torso support includes a flexible body, a first flank extending from a first transition region on a first side of the flexible body, a and a second flank extending from a second transition region on a second side of the flexible body. The first flank may include a first flank attachment segment, and he second flank may include a second flank attachment segment configured to attach to the first flank attachment segment. In another example, the lower torso support may include a plurality of grips extending from a top edge to a bottom edge of the lower torso support. According to another aspect of the present disclosure, each of the first arm and the second arm may have a proximal end extending from the top edge of the lower torso support, a distal end, and an extension the distal end. In one example, each extension includes a first male component of a respective first linking system configured to engage a first female component attached to the lower torso support proximate to a respective one of the first transition region and the second transition region. In one example, each of the flexible body, the first arm, and the second arm includes a respective buoyant body.

[014] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a method of guiding an activity of a user in an aquatic environment can include wrapping a lower torso support around a lower torso of the user, and attaching an attachment segment of a first flank of the lower torso support to an attachment segment of the second flank. The method can include positioning a first arm attached to a flexible body of the lower torso support over a first shoulder of the user and securing a distal end of the first arm to the lower torso support with an extension of the first arm. The method can further include positioning a second arm attached to the flexible body over a second shoulder of the user and securing a distal end of the second arm to the lower torso support with an extension of the second arm. Securing each arm with a respective extension can include a male component of a linking system provided for a respective arm being engaged to a respective female component attached to the lower torso support on a side of a center of the flexible body that includes the arm. In one example, the method can further include attaching a first pad of a crotch support to the flexible body and attaching a second pad of the crotch support to the first flank or the second flank such that central body of the crotch support extends between legs of the user. According to another aspect, a first elastic band attached to the first pad can be wrapped around the user and attached to the second pad, the first flank, or the second flank. A second elastic band attached to the first pad can be wrapped around the user in an opposite direction as the first elastic band and attached to the second pad, the second flank, the first flank, or the first elastic band. In one example, a male component of another linking system that is attached to a top edge of the lower torso can be engaged with a female component that is attached to the second pad of the crotch support. In addition, the user can be guided into the aquatic environment by using a torso grip attached to the top edge of the lower torso support. In one example, the lower torso support can apply a moderate

compressive force to a region of the user including a lower torso, and the first and second elastic bands can exert an inwardly directed radial compressive force on a buoyant body provided in at least the flexible body.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[015] FIGS. 1A and 1 B respectively illustrate a front elevation and a rear perspective views of a flotation system, according to an aspect of the present disclosure.

[016] FIGS. 2A and 2B illustrate top perspective views of an exterior and interior of a vest, according to an aspect of the present disclosure.

[017] FIG. 3 illustrates an overhead view of an upper torso stabilization system, according to an aspect of the present disclosure. [018] FIG. 4 illustrates a perspective view of an exterior of a lower torso support.

[019] FIG. 5 illustrates a closeup of FIG. 4.

[020] FIGS. 6A and 6B illustrate overhead views of an exterior and interior of a crotch support, according to an aspect of the present disclosure.

[021] FIG. 7A illustrates a front view of a flotation system including across-strap system, according to an aspect of the present disclosure.

[022] FIG. 7B illustrates a closeup of FIG. 7A.

[023] FIG. 7C illustrates a front perspective view of a flotation, according to an aspect of the present disclosure.

[024] FIG. 7D illustrates a side view of a flotation system implemented with a first connector strap and a secondary flotation device.

[025] FIG. 8 illustrates a front view of a flotation system implemented with a first connector strap and a secondary flotation device.

[026] FIG. 9A illustrates an overhead view of a first connector strap, according to an aspect of the present disclosure.

[027] FIG. 9B illustrates a front view of a first connector strap.

[028] FIG. 10 illustrates a rear perspective view of a flotation system including a second connector strap provided in a harness configuration.

[029] FIGS. 11 A and 11 B illustrate front and rear elevations views of an

implementation of a flotation system.

[030] FIG. 12A illustrates a front perspective view of a flotation system, a first connector strap, and a secondary flotation device, according to an aspect of the present disclosure.

[031] FIG. 12B illustrates a rear perspective view of a flotation system, a second connector strap, and a secondary flotation device, according to an aspect of the present disclosure.

[032] FIG. 12C illustrates a rear view of a flotation system including a connector strap provided in a harness configuration, according to an aspect of the present disclosure. [033] FIGS. 13A and 13B respectively illustrate a front view and a rear perspective views of a flotation system, according to an aspect of the present disclosure.

[034] FIG. 13C illustrates a side elevation view of a flotation system implemented with a secondary flotation device.

Detailed Description

[035] Aspects of the disclosure will now be described in detail with reference to the figures, wherein like reference numbers refer to like elements throughout, unless specified otherwise. Recitation of ranges of values herein are merely intended to serve as a shorthand method of referring individually to each separate value falling within the range, unless otherwise indicated herein, and each separate value is incorporated into the specification as if it were individually recited herein. All methods described herein can be performed in any suitable order unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context.

[036] Aspects of the present disclosure described herein are directed toward a compression vest system that includes a vest and a crotch support. The vest includes a stabilization system that is configured to be positioned on an upper torso of an individual and has first and second arms, each constructed with a buoyant body (e.g., foam or other buoyant material formed into a structure that may be substantially uniform, closed, and/or unable to absorb liquid) that may be enclosed in a fabric shell. In one example, each buoyant body can be constructed of a closed-cell buoyant material such as expanded polyurethane foam. Each of the first and second arms extend from a lower torso support. The lower torso support wraps around the individual at or near the individual’s waist. The flexible body is constructed with a buoyant body enclosed in a fabric shell, and first and second flanks extend from opposite sides of the flexible body. Fabrics that may be used in constructing the flotation system of the present disclosure can include nylon, or a material having some degree of water resistance and/or fire retardance, such as a fabric having a fiber thickness of 600 denier (d), 900d, 1000d, or higher. [037] Attachment segments provided on the flanks may be configured to integrate with (e.g., attach to) attachment segments provided on first and second pads of the crotch support. The first and second pads, each constructed with buoyant bodies enclosed in a fabric shell/sleeve/enclosure, are positioned on opposite sides of a central body that is intended to fit between an individual’s legs. As with the first pad, which is configured to attach to an attachment segment provided on the flexible body, and the second pad, which is configured to attach to an attachment segment on one of the flanks, the central body is constructed with a buoyant body. Together, the arms, lower torso support, and the crotch support are configured to fit on to an individual and, due to the configuration of incorporated buoyant bodies, safely and comfortably maintain the individual in an upright position during aquatic applications without the assistance of others.

[038] FIGS. 1 A and 1 B respectively illustrate front elevation and a rear perspective views of a flotation system 100, according to an aspect of the present disclosure. The flotation system 100 includes a vest 110 and a crotch support 140. The vest 110 includes an upper torso stabilization system 120 (“stabilization system 120”) and a lower torso support 130. The stabilization system 120 includes a first arm 122 and a second arm 122 (hereafter“arms 122” or“arm 122”); each of the arms 122 extends from the lower torso support 130. The crotch support 140 includes a first pad 142 and a second pad 144 extending from opposite ends of a central body 146.

[039] As recited herein, upper and lower torso generally refer to upper and lower regions of a human torso (or trunk as may be referred to interchangeable herein), and the muscles and bones included therein (e.g., spinal column, sternum, ribs, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, gluteus medius, etc.). Accordingly, the elements referred to herein as the lower torso support 130 and stabilization system 120, either directly or indirectly provide support for, contact, and/or stabilize various physiological components of a human torso, at least in a region of the torso corresponding to a respective name (i.e. , lower or upper) of that particular element.

[040] As described in more detail herein, the stabilization system 120 includes the arms 122 that are configured to extend over a user’s shoulders and traverse an upper and lower torso. The lower torso support 130 is secured to a lower torso of the user 8 in a substantially stationary position, and together with the crotch support 140, is

configured to apply radial compressive forces on the user’s lower torso. The

combination of the lower torso and the crotch support 130, 140 provides a substantially fixed base from which the stabilization system 120 extends and further stabilizes a trunk of the user 8.

[041] In order to facilitate flotation of the user 8, buoyant bodies may be

incorporated the arms 122, the first and second pads 142, 144, the central body 146, and a flexible body 260 (see Fig. 2A and 2B) of the lower torso support 130 of the flotation system 100. For any of the above components, a respective buoyant body may be enclosed in a fabric shell. Each of the buoyant bodies may be formed of one or a combination of buoyant materials. In particular, each buoyant body can be constructed of foam or other buoyant materials that are formed into a structure that may be substantially uniform, closed, and/or unable to absorb liquid. In one example, one or all of the buoyant bodies may be formed of a closed-cell buoyant material such as expanded polyurethane foam. In another example, a buoyant body of each of the arms 122 has a circular cross-section; a buoyant body of the central body 146 may have a circular cross-section; and buoyant bodies of the first pad 142, the second pad 144, and the flexible body 260 may each have rectangular cross-sections. Flowever, it will be understood that a buoyant body of one or all of the above components may have a different cross-section configuration than recited herein.

[042] As shown in FIG. 1A, the flotation system 100 can be coupled with a first connector strap 150 that can be attached to the crotch support 140, and secured to a user 8, for example, at the user’s wrists. Gloves 160 including attachment segments (not shown) configured to attach to a longitudinal attachment segment 171 provided on a secondary flotation device 170, which can be incorporated with the flotation system 100 including the vest 110 and the crotch support 140. In addition, as shown in FIG.

1 B, a second connector strap 180 can be attached to the stabilization system 120 and the crotch support 140 of the flotation system 100. [043] As defined herein, an attachment segment includes a layer of interlocking material, such as hook and loop fastener material, that is capable of being fastened (e.g. stitched, glued, molded) to a surface of any component of the flotation system 100 (e.g., a surface of the lower torso support 130, or the arms 122, or the first or second pads 142, 144, or the gloves 160, or the secondary flotation device 170). A layer of interlocking material enabling a given component on which it is fastened, to remain attached to another component that includes a layer of interlocking material that positionally opposes the layer on the given component. Alternatively, an attachment segment may be defined as a surface of a component of the flotation system 100 that is formed from (i.e. is itself a layer of) an interlocking material.

[044] FIGS. 2A and 2B illustrate top perspective views of an interior and exterior of the vest 110, according to an aspect of the present disclosure. As illustrated, the vest 110 includes the stabilization system 120 attached to the lower torso support 130. As described in more detail below, the stabilization system 120 includes the arms 122, a cross-strap system 220, and a cross-arm-connector 230. The arms 122 are attached to a top edge 254 of the lower torso support 130, which includes the flexible body 260 and first and second flanks 264, 266. The first and second flanks 264, 266 extend in opposite directions from the flexible body 260 between the top edge 254 and an opposing bottom edge 256. In addition, the vest 110 includes a plurality of linking systems for adjustably: (1 ) modifying a spread between the arms 122, (2) securing the arms 122 to the lower torso support 130; (3) implementing cross-straps 222 of the cross-strap system 220; (4) modifying compressive forces applied by the lower torso support 130; and (5) reinforcing an attachment between the lower torso support 130 and the crotch support 140. Together, the linking systems enable the flotation system 100 to be customized to fit a particular user for comfort and optimal application of trunk stabilizing compressive forces.

[045] In FIGS. 2A and 2B, components of first, second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth linking systems 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 are identified. As used throughout the instant application, each two-digit reference numeral ending in zero (0) refers to a particular linking system. For example, reference numeral 10 refers to the first linking system that defines a first arm-spread adjustment system. Odd two-digit reference numerals ending in one (1 ) refer to a male component, and odd two-digit reference numerals ending three (3) refer to a female component, of a fastening mechanism for a particular linking system. Each male component includes a male locking member 202 (“male member 202”) attached to the flotation device by a loop 206. Likewise, each female component includes a female locking member 204 (“female member 204”).

[046] With reference to the first linking system 10 for the purposes of demonstrating the nomenclature and components of the linking systems discussed herein, this system includes a first male component 11 and a first female component 13 as shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B. The first male component 11 includes a respective male member 202 secured to the arm 122 on the right side of FIG. 2A by a respective loop 206. The first female component 13 includes a respective female member 204 secured to the arm 122 on the left side of FIG. 2A by a respective loop 206. Any one of the loops 206 for any one of the linking systems may be a closed loop with both ends attached to a surface of the flotations device 100. In another example, any one of the loops 206 may include are free end that may be moved through a webbing of a male or female component to thereby adjust a linking system of which it is a part. Some of the linking systems, such as the second linking system 20 (elements 21 , 23) which is used to secure the arms 122 to the lower torso support 130, may include a ring or movable webbing 208 (“ring 208”) for adjusting a strap length. A ring 208 may also be provided on a loop 206, instead of or in addition to any webbing incorporated with a male or female member through which the loop 206 is threaded, as in the case of the fourth linking system 40, which can be implemented to modify compressive forces applied by the lower torso support 130.

[047] As illustrated in FIGS. 1 -10, fastening mechanisms of the various linking system may be provided by side-release buckles that include male members that slide into female members. As is known in the art, upon insertion, prongs of the male members expand into empty spaces defined by edges of the female member, which then prevent the male member from being able to be moved unless the prongs are compressed and the male member is pulled from the female member. For any of the linking systems described herein, male and female components may be switched. For example, with the first linking system 10, the first male component 11 could be attached to the arm on the left, and the first female component 13 could be attached to the arm on the right.

[048] One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the side-release buckle is only one type of fastening mechanism that may be employed for one or all of the linking systems described herein. Other types of snap-fit buckles that may or may not include male and female members, may be incorporated in the flotation system 100 of the present disclosure. Such alternative fastening mechanisms may include belt-buckle type buckles, magnetic buckles, military buckles, grip lock buckles, latch buckles, clip latch buckles, clasps, or the like known in the art. Any of the above-mentioned types of fastening mechanisms can be coupled with, attached to, extended from, or formed with some type of webbing configured to receive a strap/free end of a loop. In particular, webbing employed in the fastening mechanisms according to the present disclosure may be configured to allow a strap to move through the webbing, and then held in place once the strap is released by a user moving the strap through the webbing.

[049] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, the fastening mechanisms incorporated in the flotation system 100 may be formed from one or more materials suitable for repeated use in bodies of fluid, such as water. In one example, the fastening mechanism maybe formed from a plastic, or another material that does not rust. In yet another example, the fastening mechanisms may be formed of any particular material and coated with another material that prevents rust or other types of deterioration caused by repeated use within a body of fluid.

[050] As shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, the stabilization system 120 includes the arms 122, each having a respective proximal end 214 attached to a respective region of the top edge 254 corresponding with the flexible body 260. A buoyant body is in enclosed in a fabric shell between the proximal end 214 and a distal end 216 of each arm 122. When worn by a user, for example as shown in FIGS. 1A, 1 B, and 7A-7D, a spread between the arms 122 may be adjusted by implementing the first linking system 10, and/or a seventh linking system 70 (see FIGS. 7C and 7D). An arm extension 218 extends from the distal end 216 of each arm 122. Each extension 218 can define a strap body attached to the distal end 216 of a respective arm 122, and threaded through the male member 202 of a second male component 21 of a respective second linking system 20. In one example, each extension 218 may include a respective ring 208 that can be used with the extension to adjust a compressive force applied by a respective arm 122.

[051] The cross-strap system 220 includes a first cross-strap 222 and a second cross-strap 222 (hereafter“cross-straps 222” or“cross-strap 222”), and the third linking system 30. As illustrated in FIGS. 2A and 2B, each cross-strap 222 includes a cross- strap body 224 that extends from an arm loop 226, which secures the cross-strap 222 to a respective arm 122. Further, each cross-strap body 224 can be threaded through a respective one of a first third male component 31 A and a second third male component 31 B (hereafter“1 st-third male component 31 A” and“2nd-third male component 31 B” respectively, or“third male components 31 A, 31 B” together) of the third linking system 30.

[052] For each cross-strap 222, the cross-strap body 224 may be attached to the arm loop 226 at a connection point such at the cross-strap body 224 is stitched to the arm loop 226. The arm loop 224 can be moved up and down a respective arm 122 as desired by a user. In addition to a webbing that may be provided with the third male components 31 A, 31 B, one or both of the cross-strap bodies 224 can be threaded through a ring 208 so that a length can be adjusted.

[053] As shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, the arms 122 are linked by a cross-arm connector 230 provided between the proximal and distal ends 214, 216. A cross-arm grip 232 provided on the cross-arm connector 230 can also be used for this purpose. In addition, cross-grip loops 234 extend vertically upward and downward from long edges of the cross-grip 234. Any of the cross-arm connector 230, the cross-arm grip 232, and/or either or both of the cross-grip loops 234 can be utilized as a connection point between the flotation system 100 and another element, for example the second connector strap 180, or a connector strap attached to various types of secondary flotation devices. Further, any of these“cross” components can be handled by a caregiver to help or guide user movement as part of aquatic activities.

[054] FIGS. 2A and 2B further illustrate in detail the lower torso support 130 of the flotation system 100, which includes: an exterior surface 250, an interior surface 252, the top edge 254; the bottom edge 256; the flexible body 260; and the first and second flanks 264, 266 extending in opposite directions from the flexible body 260. The flexible body 260 includes a buoyant body, and is configured to fit around a back of an individual wearing the flotation system 100. Each flank extends from a transition region 270 that is adjacent to a respective end of the flexible body 260.

[055] In one example, a transition loop 272 is attached to the top edge 254 at each transition region 270. The transition loops 272 may be used to retain, guide, or group the extensions 218 and/or cross-straps 222 as one or both are implemented securing male components to female components of respective linking systems. In another example, the transition loops 272 may be replaced with female components that are compatible with the male components of the second and third linking systems 20, 30. Additionally, with respect to the lower torso support 130, a body grip 276, and a flank grip 274 are provided on opposite sides of each transition region 270. In addition, a torso grip 280 is attached to the second flank 266. In one example, the torso grip 280 may be used by a caregiver to stay in contact with a user, and help or guide user movements into, out of, or within an aquatic environment.

[056] As shown in FIG. 2A, an exterior attachment segment 261 ("EXAS 261 ") is provided on the flexible body 260. Further, an external surface of the first flank 264 is provided with a flank first attachment segment 265("FFEAS 265"), and an external surface of the second flank 266 is provided with a flank second attachment segment 267 ("FSAS 267"). Turning to FIG. 2B, an interior attachment segment 263 ("IAS 263") and a flank third attachment segment (“FTAS 269”) are provided on the interior surface 252 of the lower torso support 130 in the areas of the flexible body 260 and the first flank 264, respectively.

[057] The IAS 263 may be used to attach different components to the interior surface 252 of the lower torso support 130 in the area of the flexible body 260. In one example, a rigid panel with a surface that is at least partially covered by an attachment segment could be attached to the IAS 261. The IAS 261 may be provided on the interior surface 252 over an area corresponding to an area of the exterior surface 252, or portion thereof, that includes the EXAS 261.

[058] On the other hand, the FTAS 269 may be specifically configured to attach to the FSAS 267 provided on the exterior surface 252 in the area of the second flank 266. As a result, the lower torso support 130 can be wrapped around a user with the second flank 266 in contact with the user’s stomach, and the first flank 264 wrapped to overlap the second flank 266. The FTAS 269 attaches to the FSAS 267 and thereby secures the lower torso support 130 on the user. In particular, the first flank 264 can be pulled and secured to the second flank 266 such that the lower torso support 130 is tightly fitted to the user’s lower torso and applies a radially inward compressive force in a substantially uniform distribution about a circumference defined by the user’s lower torso.

[059] One or both components of the second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth linking systems 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 are attached to the lower torso support 130, as shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B.

[060] In particular, a second female component 23 of each second linking system 20 is respectively attached to the bottom edge 256 between a respective pair of flank and body grips 274, 276. As previously noted, the second male component 21 of each second linking system 20 is provided on a respective extension 218 of the stabilization system 120. For either arm 122, with the second male component 21 engaged with a respective second female component 23, the arm is adjustably secured to the lower torso support 130. Either or both of the loops 206 for the second male and female components 21 , 23 make include a free that allows a fit of a respective arm 122 on a user to be adjusted. As such, the second linking systems 20 provide simple and effective means for independently modifying compressive and downward forces applied on a user by each arm of the stabilization system 120.

[061] Also attached to the bottom edge 256 of the lower torso support 130, are a first third female component 33A and a second third female component 33B (hereafter “1 st-third female component 33A” and“2nd-third female component 33B” respectively, or“third female components 33A, 33B” together) of the third linking system 30. More specifically, the 1 st-third female component 33A is attached to the bottom edge 256 proximate to the transition region 270 located to the left of a center of the flexible body 260 as illustrated in FIG. 2A. The 2nd-third female component 33B is attached to the bottom edge 256 proximate to the transition region 270 to the right of the center of the flexible body 260 as illustrated in FIG. 2A.

[062] As explained in more detail with reference to FIGS. 7A-7D, in one exemplary implementation of the flotation device 100, the 1 st-third male component 31A for the cross-strap 222 on the left (as illustrated in FIG. 2A) arm 122 can be engaged with the 1 st-third female component 33A attached to the bottom edge 256 right of (as illustrated in FIG. 2A) a center of the flexible body 260. Likewise, the 2nd-third male component 31 B for the cross-strap 222 on the right arm 122 can be engaged with the 2nd-third female component 33B attached to the bottom edge 256 left of the center of the flexible body 260. The strap body 224 of either, and in one example, both, cross-strap 222 implemented through a webbing of the third male components 31 A, 31 B so that a length between an arm loop 226 and a point of engagement between third male and female components (31 A and 33A/31 B and 33B) can be adjusted. The easily accessible strap bodies 224 allow the compressive forces applied by the arms 122 to be easily modified. In addition, the tightness of the fit of the cross-straps 222 on/across a user’s chest and stomach can be adjusted to modify a degree of therapeutic sensory affect by the cross- straps 222 and arms 122 on a user.

[063] Components of the fourth linking system 40 are attached to the exterior surface 252 of the lower torso support 130, and are described in more detail with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5. In addition, aspects of the fifth linking system 50, which includes a fifth male component 51 attached to the top edge 254 in the region of the torso grip 280, and the sixth linking system 60, which includes a sixth female

component 63 attached to the top edge 254 in an area of the center of the flexible body 260, will also be described in more detail with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5. [064] FIG. 3 illustrates a closeup overhead view of the stabilization system 120, according to an aspect of the present disclosure. In particular, FIG. 3 provides a closeup view of the arm 122, extensions 218, the cross-straps 222, and the cross- connector 230. Each of the components of the third linking system 30 and a seventh linking system 70 are clearly shown in FIG. 3. As previously noted with respect to FIG. 2A, the first linking system 10 includes the first male component 11 attached to the arm 122 on the left side, and the first female component 13 attached to the arm 122 on the left side. On the other hand, a seventh male component 71 of the seventh linking system 70 is attached to arm 122 on the left side, and a seventh female component 73 is attached to the arm 122 on the right side. The seventh linking system 70 defines a second spread adjusting system for the arms 122. Flowever, as the first linking system 10 will be located in front a user when the flotation system 100 is worn by the user, the seventh linking system 70 will be located behind the user.

[065] On one hand, the first linking system 10 may used to pull the arms 122 together in front of a user. In addition to this, the first linking system 10 provides a caregiver with flexibility with respect to how vest 110 is placed on a user. The first linking system 10 may be particularly useful in situations where a user may regularly, but unpredictably, have muscle/movements spasms that make it difficult for a caregiver to place any garment on the user. In use, the first linking system 10 may allow a caregiver to secure one arm 122 to the lower torso support with the other arm 122 closely trailing the first arm’s movement as the two arms are linked by the first linking system 10. In turn, securing the trailing arm 122 to the lower torso support 130 may be made easier because on an extension 218 needs to be located by the caregiver.

[066] When implemented, either or both of the loops 206 of the seventh male and female components 71 , 73 may be configured to adjusted. Thus, the seventh linking system may be adjusted to press together, or at least move substantially close together, the arms 122 in a location between the cross-arm connector 230 and a user’s neck. In one example, the arms 122 may be brought together close enough in an area relative to a user’s neck and head, that the arms 122 limit a range of motion of the user’s head. Thus, in a case where a user does not have good neck strength and head movement control, the seventh linking system 70 can be utilized to cause the arms 122 to prevent potentially injurious head movements by the user.

[067] FIG. 4 illustrates a perspective view of an exterior of the lower torso support 130, and FIG. 5 illustrates a closeup of FIG. 4 that includes the second flank 266 and the center of the flexible body 260.

[068] As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the fourth linking system includes a further male component 41 attached to a portion of the flexible body 260 including the EXAS 261 , and a fourth female component 43 attached to the lower torso support 130 in an area of the transition region 270. With the fourth linking system 40, at least a loop 206 for fourth female component 43 includes a ring 208 and is adjustable. Accordingly, once the first flank 264 is secured around a user and to the second flank 264 one or both of the fourth linking system 40 can be utilized to modify the general radial compressive force that is applied to the lower torso the user wearing the vest 110. Accordingly, the fourth linking systems 40 can be used to pre-set a minimum compressive force to be amplified by bands of the crotch support 140. As a result, a maximum magnitude of the compressive force that can be applied on the user’s lower torso can be increase relative to a system that does not include the fourth linking systems 40.

[069] As noted above, and clearly shown in FIG. 5, the fifth male component 51 is attached to the top edge 254 of the lower torso support in the region of the torso grip 280. In particular, the fifth male component 51 is disposed between the connection points of the torso grip 280 and the top edge 254 in the area of the second flank 266. The fifth male component 51 is configured to engage a first female component 53 of the fifth linking system provided on the crotch support 140 (see FIGS. 6A, 7A, 7C, and 8).

As explained in more detail with reference to FIGS. 7A and 7C, the location of the fifth linking system 50 may be advantageous with respect to using the torso grip 280 to move a user, and using the first connector strap 150 to maintain the secondary flotation device 170 close a user.

[070] FIG. 5 can also be referenced to describe the portion of the sixth linking system 60 incorporated with the lower torso support 130. More specifically, the sixth female component 63 for the sixth linking system 60 is attached to the top edge 254 of the lower torso support in the area of the center of the flexible body 260. As such the sixth female component 63 may be located a substantially equal distance from both of the arms 122.

[071] The sixth female component 63 is configured to engage a sixth male component 61 of the sixth linking system 60 provided on the crotch support 140 (see FIGS. 6A and 10). As explained in more detail with reference to FIG. 10, the location of the sixth linking system 60 may be advantageous with respect to using the second connector strap to move a user or maintain a flotation device close to (or supporting) a user.

[072] FIGS. 6A and 6B illustrate top perspective views of an exterior and interior of the crotch support 140, according to an aspect of the present disclosure. As shown, the crotch support 140 includes the first and second pads 142, 144 that extend from the central body 146. A pad loop 610 is provided on an exterior of the first pad 142, and a pad grip 620 is provided on an exterior of the second pad 144. A pad first attachment segment 601 (“FPFAS 601”) is provided on an exterior of the first pad 142. Further, as shown in FIG. 6B, a pad second attachment segment 603 ("PSAS 603") is provided on an interior surface of the first pad 142, and a pad third attachment segment 605 ("PTAS 605") is provided on the interior surface of the second pad 144.

[073] In an exemplary use of the flotation device, the first and second flanks 264, 266 may be wrapped around a user, with the first flank 264 overlappingly wrapped over the second flank 266 so that the FTAS 269 attaches to the FSAS 267. The flexible body 260 will be flexed around a lower back of a user. Before implementing the crotch support 140, the EXAS 261 that extends over an area of the exterior 250 of the lower torso support 130 substantially corresponding to the flexible body 160, will be exposed and available for attachment with the PFAS 603 provided on the interior surface of the first pad 142. Likewise, on a front region of the user, the FFAS 265 provided on the exterior of the first flank 264 will be exposed and available for attachment with PTAS 605 provided on the interior surface of the second pad 144. With the first and second pads 142, 144 attached to the lower torso support 130, first and second elastic bands 606, 608 can be wrapped around the user. [074] The first elastic band 606 and the second elastic band 608 are attached to, and extend in opposite directions from, a band attachment point 602 provided on the first pad 142. Each of the first and second elastic bands 606, 608 includes a band body that is attached to the band attachment point 602 and/or the first pad 142, and terminates with a first band end and a second band end respectively.

[075] In one example, the elastic bands are formed from an elastic material that knit, braided, or folded over. In general, any of the elastic bands discussed herein may be formed a series of rubber (or stretchable synthetic, such as spandex) cores that are bound or wrapped in polyester, cotton, nylon or a blend of fiber threads. Exterior threads for the material of the elastic bands may be braided, woven, or knit together.

[076] The first band end includes an exterior surface provided with a band first attachment segment 607 (“BFAS 607”). The BFAS 607 is configured to attach to a band second attachment segment 609 (“BSAS 609”) provided on an interior surface of the second band end of the second band 144. The BSAS 609, may alternatively, or additionally, be attached to any exposed portion of: (1 ) the FSAS 267 provided on the second flank 266; or (2) FFAS 265 provided on the first flank 264. On an interior surface of the first band end, a band third attachment segment 611 (“BTAS 611”) may also be provided. The BTAS 611 is configured to attach to exposed portions of: (1 ) the FFAS 265 provided on the first flank 264; or (2) the FSAS 267 provided on the second flank 266.

[077] Turning back to FIG. 6A, a sixth male component 61 of the sixth linking system 60 is provided on the first pad 142. In particular, a male member 202 for the sixth male component 61 is secured to the first pad 142 by a loop 206 that may be secured to the first pad 142 and the band attachment point 602. The loop 206 for the sixth male component 61 may include a body and a free end thread through a ring 208 for adjusting the tension created between the first pad 142 and the lower torso support 130 by the connection between the sixth male and female components 61 , 63.

[078] The pad grip 620 includes a grip body 622 attached to the second pad 144 at two pad/grip connection points 624 on opposite sides of the second pad 144. A third connection point which covered by a slide loop 626 of the pad grip 620, may be provided between the pad grip 620 and a loop 206 of the fifth female component 53 of the fifth linking system 50. This loop 206 may be provided to secure a female member 202 of the fifth female component 53. The grip body 622 may be sized such that both of the ends of the first and second bands 606, 608 may be passed between the grip body 622 and a surface of the second pad 144.

[079] The slide loop 626 may be moved up and down along the grip body 622 to change a length of the loop 206 that is able to pivot relative to the connection point between the loop 206 and the grip body 622. Accordingly, when the flotation device 100 is not in use, the slip loop 626 may be slide to location adjacent an end portion of the female member 202 of the fifth female component 53 such that the loop 206 and the female member 204 are held close with, and do not pivot freely relative to, the grip body 622. On the other hand, a loop 206 for a ninth female component 93 of a ninth linking system 90 can extend from the pad/grip connection point 624 closest to the central body 146. Each of the pad/grip connection points 624 may include stitching that attaches the grip body 622 to a respective location on the second pad 144.

[080] FIGS. 7A-7D illustrate the stabilization system 120, and aspects of the lower torso support 130 and the crotch support 140. FIG. 7A, in particular, provides a front view of the flotation system 100 that at least shows the first and fifth linking systems 10, 50 fully engaged, and the arms 122 and cross-strap system 220 fully implemented. A closeup of a portion of FIG. 7A is illustrated in FIG. 7B. Whereas, FIG. 7C illustrates a front perspective view of the flotation system 100 in which arms 122 are secured to the lower torso support 130, the first linking system 10 is fully engaged, and the cross-strap system 220 is fully implemented. Also shown in FIG. 7C is a state of the flotation system 100 in which the fifth linking system 50 is disengaged, and a portion of the BSAS 609 at an end of the second band 608 is detached from the BFAS 607 on the first elastic band 606. FIG. 7D illustrates a side view of an implementation of the flotation system 100 and the secondary flotation device 170.

[081] FIGS. 7A-7D will now be referenced below in describing the functions and advantages of: the cross-strap system 220; the securement systems defined by the second and third linking systems 20, 30; forces that may be applied to a user of the floatation system; a configuration of the buoyant bodies of the flotation device 100; and aspects of the fifth linking system 50.

[082] Regarding the cross-strap system 220, as illustrated in FIG. 7A, each cross- strap 222 is secured to: (1 ) a respective one of the arms 122 by an arm loop 226; and (2) the lower torso support 130 by one of the engagement between the 1 st-3rd male and female components 31 A, 33A (see FIG. 7D which illustrates an engagement between these components designated as 30 (A)) and the engagement between the 2nd-3rd male and female components 31 B, 33B. For an implementation of the cross- strap system 220, each cross-strap 222 is extended across an upper torso of a user such together the cross-straps define an X-shaped configuration (“X-configuration”). In order to implement the cross-strap system 220 as illustrated, each cross-strap 222 is respectively pulled across the upper torso of a user respective third male and female components are engaged.

[083] Thus, in the case of the cross-strap 222 that includes the 1 st-third male component 31 A, the cross-strap 222 is run across the user’s upper torso from a left shoulder to a right hip, and the 1 st-third male component 31 A is engaged with the 1 st- third female component 33A (see FIG. 7D). The 1 st-third female component 33A being disposed on the lower torso support 130 on a side a coronal body plane (i.e. a plane extending through a center of the user from back to front and dividing the user into and left and right sides with respect to the illustrates of FIGS. 7A and 7B), opposite to side in which the arm 122, from which the cross-strap 222 in question extends, is attached to the lower torso support 130.

[084] As illustrated in FIGS. 7A-7C, when fully implemented, the cross-straps 222 define the X-configuration that traverses a torso of the user. This is significant because if the center of the X-configuration, where the cross-straps 222 cross one another, is pulled, the arms 122, the lower torso support 130, and the crotch support 140, will all be pulled inward. This has the effect of increasing the compressive force each component applies on a body of the user. In other words, pulling on this X-configuration as described, in effect, tightens and makes the flotation system 100 more securely fitted on the user. Thus, moving the user forwards, for example to perform an aquatic therapy exercise, or upwards, for example during a water rescue from an aerial vehicle like a helicopter, by the pulling the X-configuration, is a safe method of maneuvering an individual.

[085] It will also be noted that the arm loops 222 may be moved relative to respective arms 122 in order to customize the stabilizing effects of the cross-straps 222. Further, as illustrated in FIG. 7C, a ring 208 can be located on the cross-strap body 264 of each cross-strap 222, and used to tighten or loosen the cross-strap 222 secured across a user’s torso.

[086] Regarding the securement systems defined by the second and third linking systems 20, 30, advantages provided thereby include ease of implementing the stabilization system 120, and being able to accommodate wide range of sizes of users. In providing the loops 206 with free ends for either of the second male and female components 21 , 23 of the second linking systems 20, the arm extensions 218 can be shortened to adjust for users with shorter or more compact torsos, or lengthened or users with longer torsos. In addition, the extensions 218 could be threaded through the transitions loops 272 (if provided as opposed to providing additional female

components) should the first linking system 10 not be ideal for ensuring spreading movement of arms 122 is minimized. Alternatively, where a female component is provided instead of the transition loop 272, these female components can be used in combination with second or third male components 21 , 31 A, 31 B to further

accommodate users of particular sizes.

[087] The lower torso and crotch support 130, 140 can be placed on the user, and the arm extensions 218 can subsequently and easily connected to the lower torso support. Still another advantage is that linking components can be sized such that for either extension 218, any of the second female component 23, a nearest one of the 1 st or 2nd-third female component 33A, 33B, or transition loop replacing female component may be use with the second male component 21 to secure a respective arm 122 to the lower torso support 130 for, and as part of, a full implementation of the flotation system 100. [088] As noted above, the flotation system 100 can be used by individuals of varying torso lengths. Those with longer torsos can utilize a vest 110 including female components instead of the transition loops 272. These female components being compatible with the second and/or third linking systems 20, 30, and enabling the vest 110 to be used on longer or taller configurations of the stabilization system 120. The same vest 110 could be used by smaller individuals with shorter torsos, as one or both of the second male components 21 could be engaged with a respective second female component 23 attached to the bottom edge 256 of the lower torso support 130. Still further, individuals with intermediate sized torsos may engage the second male components 21 with the second female components 23, and adjust lengths of the extensions using free ends of respective loops and the webbing of either of second components or a ring 208 provided with a given extension 218. In fact, users of any size may use the loops 206, webbings, and rings 208 to more tightly fit the stabilization system 120 on to them, and increase the forces applied to their torso.

[089] In addition, the flotation system 100 could be used for individuals having a variety of bone configurations supporting their respective torsos. For example, the shoulders for a person with scoliosis may not be level relative to one another. As a result, it possible for the person’s torso to be longer on one side of the neck, as compared to the length of the torso on the other side of the user’s neck. The flotation system 100 of the present disclosure can be configured to accommodate such a configuration as one arm can be secured with a corresponding second female component 23, while the other arm 122 can be secured with a corresponding female component provided in the place of a transition loop 272.

[090] In one example, the loops 206 of all of the linking systems, may be color coded to match the color of the cross-strap or extension that linking component is normally used with. In particular loops 206 of the second female components 23 can match a color of the extensions 218, and loops of the 1 st and 2nd-third female components 33A, 33B can match the color of the cross-straps 217. A color of loops 206 for any female components provided in lieu of transition loops 272, can be the same as a color of the extensions 218, the cross-straps 222, or different from both. As described above and as illustrated in FIG. 7D, the cross-straps 222 can be implemented with the 1 st and 2nd-third female components 33A, 33B, and the extensions 218 can be implemented with the second female components 23. On the other hand, one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that depending on the user, the second female components 23 could be engaged by the third male components 31 A, 31 B, and the third female components 33A, 33B could be engaged by the second male components.

[091] Regarding forces that may be applied to a user of the floatation system 100, as shown in FIGS. 7C and 7D, the lower torso support 130 is wrapped around the user around a transition area traversing the user’s waist line and a portion of the user’s lower torso. The second pad 144 of the crotch support 140 is attached to the lower torso support 130, and first and second elastic bands 606, 608 are wrapped over the first and second flanks 264, 266. The first and second elastic bands 606, 608 can be attached to each other, the second pad 144 via the PFAS 601 , or the first flank 264.

[092] When placed on the user, the first and second flanks 266, 264 can be pulled tight to snuggly fit around the user. As previously noted, this alone can result in a moderate compressive force being applied to a region of the user including the lower torso. Supplemental to the force amplification that can be provided by the elastic bands, this compressive force can be amplified through the use of the fourth linking system 40 as discussed above with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5. Flowever, the compressive force applied by the lower torso support 130 can be substantially amplified by stretching the first and second bands 606, 608 around the first and second flanks 266, 264 and attaching band ends to each other, the second pad 144, or an exposed portion of an attachment segment of one of the flanks.

[093] The first and second bands 606, 608 exert an inwardly directed radial compressive force on the buoyant bodies provided in the flexible body 260, and in the first and second pads 142, 144. This compressive force is in turn, distributed across surface areas of the buoyant bodies, and thus applied over a corresponding surface area of the user which includes the lumbar region of the user’s back, as well as rectus abdominus and external oblique muscles of the user’s core. As recited herein, the term core means a human core and includes all the muscle groups that are well known in the art, including the medical field, to be part of the human core (e.g., pelvic floor, rectus abdominus, erector spinae, internal and external obliques, etc.). In addition, the second pad 144, being pressed against the user also applies an inward compressive force on the rectus abdominus portion of the user’s core. The force applied by the second pad 144 is coupled with a diametrically opposed force applied by first pad 142 on a lumbar region of the user’s back.

[094] As noted above, portions of the user’s core, and portions of the user’s torso, which includes a lower region of the torso comprising a lower back, are subject to compressive forces respectively applied by: (1 ) the second pad 144; (2) the first and second flanks 266, 264 as adjustably amplified: (i) (supplementally) by the forth linking systems 40, and (ii) (substantially) by the first and second bands 606, 608; and (3) the first pad 142. These compressive forces: (A) stabilize portions of a user’s core and trunk relative to each other; and, (B) lock a user’s trunk and hips relative to (i) each other, and (ii) a transverse body plane. Thus, the lower torso support 130 and first and second pads 142, 144 essentially compress the above-mentioned parts or areas of an individual into a more unified or solid portion of the individual’s body. As a result, balance shifting effects to an individual’s center of gravity due to movements of, or external forces applied to, parts of the user’s body above and below the lower torso support 130, may be reduced, especially for an individual who has poor trunk control and/or core strength.

[095] An individual is likely to experience the balance shifting forces internally (e.g., when an appendage is moved) during aquatic and non-aquatic activities. However, generation of such an internal force during an aquatic activity, for example through moderate leg movement, can be coupled with the generation of dynamic external forces, which may be applied to a user via, e.g., a wave. An advantage of the lower torso support 130 and first and second pads 142, 144, is that the individual’s hips, bilateral stabilizers, and portions of the individual’s core and torso are held together, and relative to each other, more securely. In turn, these parts of the individual are together, more stable and resistive to the potential balance shifting effects of the above- mentioned external forces. As one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate, such external forces, whether a result of internal forces or by some other means within a body of water, may be applied bilaterally in horizontal or vertical directions.

[096] The central body 146 of the crotch support 140 is shown in FIGS. 7D, further supports and stabilizes the hips relative to the trunk of a user. In particular, the crotch support 140 can be sized relative to the user such that when the second pad 144 is attached to the first and second flanks 266, 264, an upward force is applied to the user’s crotch. Accordingly, the upward force further locks the hips and trunk together along sagittal and coronal body planes and relative to the transverse body plane, and thereby increases the stabilizing effects of the lower torso support 130 and the first and second pads 142, 144. Further, during aquatic activities, the buoyant body within the central body 146 applies an upward buoyant force to the crotch of the user.

[097] The lower torso support 130 is secured to the lower torso in a substantially stationary position due to the combination of: (1 ) the radial compressive forces applied by the first and second flanks 266, 264, bands 606, 608, and the fourth linking systems 40; (2) the arrangement of the crotch support 140 extending between the user’s legs in contact with the crotch, coupled with having two points of attachment with the lower torso support 130; (3) the securement of the extensions 218 to the lower torso support 130 with the second linking systems 20; and (4) the securement of the cross-straps 222 to the lower torso support with the third linking systems 30. Thus, as explained in further detail herein, the combination of the lower torso and the crotch supports 130,

140 provides a substantially fixed base from which the stabilization system 120 extends and further stabilizes a trunk of a user such as the user illustrated in FIGS. 31 A-31 C.

[098] As previously noted, the stabilization system 120 includes the arms 122 that are configured to extend over a user’s shoulders and traverse an upper and lower torso. Each arm extension 218 is implemented with a respective second linking system 20. As the combination of the lower torso support 130 and the crotch support 140 occupies a substantially fixed position on, and relative to, the user, it provides a type of anchor for the stabilization system 120. With the combination of supports providing this function, the arm extensions 218 can be used to apply, and modify, inwardly directed

compressive forces on both sides of the user’s upper and lower torsos (the user’s trunk), as well as a downwardly directed force on the user’s shoulders. More specifically, the free end of at least one the loop 206 provided in the second linking system 20 for each arm extension 218 can be pulled or otherwise adjusted relative to a male or female component.

[099] Thus, an overall length of each arm 122 extending from: (A) a respective portion of the top edge 254 around the flexible body 260; to (B) a respective portion of the bottom edge 256 around the first or second flank 264, 266 can be changed. As such, with the lower torsos support 130 secured on the user in a substantially stationary manner, an overall fit of the stabilization system 120 on a user can be tightened or loosened. The degree to which each arm extension 218 is pulled tight determines, and can be modified to apply, a desired magnitude of the compressive and downward forces applied by the arms 122.

[0100] The downward force applied to the shoulders by the arms 122 is of particular significance for stabilizing the trunk of the user. The arms 122 act to further lock upper and lower regions of the torso (e.g., upper (cervical) and lower (thoracic) portions of the spine) relative to each other, and to lock the trunk as a whole to the user’s hips (as combined with the lower torso and crotch supports 130, 140). More generally speaking, the flotation system 100 causes the user’s hips, lower torso, and upper torso to be more securely engaged with one another and, as a whole, more compact. Because the physical intra- and inter-engagements of the user’s trunk, hips, and core are more secure, stability of a user’s trunk is significantly increased to the extent that externally applied forces (for example from a wave), or movements of the user’s appendages, whether or not voluntary, are substantially less likely to: (A) cause portions of the trunk around the immediately affected or connected area to shift; (B) trigger uncontrollable core movements; or (C) otherwise cause a musculoskeletal chain reaction in the user that ultimately throws the user’s balance completely off.

[0101] The position of the arms 122 in the area of the upper torso can be adjusted using cross-strap system 220. The benefits of the versatility provided by the cross- straps 222 is threefold. First the ability to move the lateral position of portions of the arms 122 relative to the user can be utilized to increase the user’s comfort. Second, the inward forces applied by the arms 122 in the user’s chest region can be modified and optimized. Third, where the user does not have sufficient neck control to be able hold the user’s head up for either long or short periods of time, the arms can be brought close together such that a user could potentially rest their chin on arms 122, and avoid a situation in which their head may move all the way to where the user’s chin contacts their chest.

[0102] Regarding a configuration of the buoyant bodies of the flotation device 100, with the flotation system 100 of the present disclosure, an upper torso of a user may be maintained above a surface level of a body of water, and a lower torso, portions of the user’s arms, and a lower body may be safely supported for flotation within the body of water below the surface level. Supported for flotation with respect to the torso means that at least a mouth of an individual is not submerged and is substantially maintain above a surface level of a body of water in which the individual is located. Further, the flotation system 100 is configured to maintain a user in an aquatic environment such as a body of water more that 2 to 5 feet deep, in an upright orientation. In particular, the combination of buoyant bodies provided in the flexible body 260, arms 122, first and second pads 142, 144, and the central body 146 is configured to maintain a user wearing the flotation system 100 while in a body of water, in an upright position whether the user is moving his or her arms or legs, or the aquatic environment is static (e.g., no waves or other water fluctuations) or non-static (e.g., externally generated waves).

[0103] This is accomplished in part by the upward flotational support provided below and circumferentially around and the user’s torso by the flexible body 260, the first and second pads 142, 144, and the central body 146. In particular, the second pad 144 and the flexible body 260 together provide upward flotational support that is substantially uniform immediately around the user’s lower torso. The central body 146 supports the user directly from below as it extends between the user legs. As a result of the configuration of the first and second pads 142, 144 and the flexible body 260, motion of the user to one lateral side or another will be counteracted by the buoyant bodies in those components. [0104] The other component contributing to the user remaining upright is the configuration of buoyant bodies within the arms 122. More specifically, in use, the buoyant bodies in the arms 122 will extend over the user’s shoulders: (A) to at least a location in front of the user’s chest on a front side; and (B) over a length along the user’s back that corresponds to a vertical extent of the cervical spine and substantially all of a vertical extent of a thoracic spine of the user. Accordingly, the buoyant bodies on the front and back side of the user will counteract the forward or backward motion of the user’s upper torso that could cause the user, without the arms 122, to tip over and be submerged below a surface level of the water. It will also be understood that the lower torso and crotch supports 130, 140 contribute to this directional stability.

[0105] Regarding the fifth linking system 50, FIG. 7A illustrates an implementation of the thereof in which the fifth male component 51 is engaged with the fifth female component 53. FIG. 7C shows these components disengage from each other.

Flowever, both FIGS. 7A and 7C illustrate a position of the fifth male and female components 51 , 53 relative to the torso grip 280 and the first connector strap. The fifth linking system 50 reinforces an attachment between the lower torso support 130 and the crotch support 140. As a result of this reinforced connection, pulling forces on the flotation system 100 generated by the torso grip 280 and the first connector strap 150: (1 ) do not disturb the connection between the lower torso support 130 and the crotch support 140; (2) do not disturb the fit of flotation system 100 around the users lower torso (e.g., movement of the lower torso support 130 and/or the crotch support 140 relative a user is reduced or eliminated); and (3) minimally impact on the direction (vector of application) and magnitude of the radial compressive applied on the user’s lower torso by the combination of the lower torso support 130 and the crotch support 140.

[0106] Accordingly, when the torso grip 280 is used to tow a user, or the secondary flotation device 170 moves or is pulled away from the user, the fit of the flotation system 100 and application of forces on a user are substantially unaffected and remain constant. As such, the fifth linking system 50 promotes a consistent overall positive effect that the flotation device 100 can have on a user. [0107] FIG. 7D illustrates a side view of an implementation of the flotation system 100 and the secondary flotation device 170. FIG. 8 illustrates a front view of the flotation system 100 implemented with the first connector strap 150 and the secondary flotation device 170. As shown, the lower torso support 130 is wrapped around the user’s waist and lower torso, with the first pad 142 of the crotch support 140 attached to an attachment segment provided on an exterior surface of the lower torso support 130. The first and second elastic bands 606, 608 are attached to a band attachment point 602 at the center of the first pad 142, and extend in opposite directions around the lower torso support 130. As noted above, the first and second elastic bands 606, 608 amplify the radial compressive force being applied to a corresponding region of the user’s core and torso.

[0108] The secondary flotation device 170 can be gripped by the user. Flowever, as shown in FIG. 7D, the user is provided with the gloves 160 that include attachment segments configured to attach to the longitudinal attachment segment 171 provided on the secondary flotation device 170. In addition, the first connector strap 150 can include loops which could be position around portions of the secondary flotation device 170, and a wrap fitted onto each wrist of the user. In addition, an end of the first connector strap 150 may be attached the pad grip 620 of the crotch support 140 by a ninth linking system 90.

[0109] As noted above, the primary flotation system 100 is configured to, without any additional equipment or assistance from a caregiver, maintain a user, in an upright position when in a body of water. Flowever, should the user not have, or only have limited, use of their arms, aquatic activities may be difficult, impractical, or limited in number. Accordingly, the secondary flotation device 170 may be provided so that the user’s arms are supported in the water. This may allow for more activities and increase the comfort and confidence of the user while in the water.

[0110] FIGS. 7D, 8, 9A, and 9B will be referenced with respect to a description of the first connector strap 150 that follows. As previously noted, FIGS. 7D and 8 illustrates a side and front views of an implementation of the flotation system 100 and the first connector strap 150. FIGS. 9A and 9B illustrate overhead and front views of the first connector strap 150.

[0111] As shown in FIG. 8, the first connector strap 150 includes: a head defined by a ninth male component 91 of the ninth linking system 90, and a pair of sub-straps 800 attached to a loop 206 of the ninth male component 91. The sub-straps 800 are attached to the loop 206, and in some examples each other, at a strap connection point 802. Each sub-strap includes a first sub-strap body 810 extending from the strap connection point 802, and a second sub-strap body 820 can be configured to be secured to a user’s wrist.

[0112] Each sub-strap 800 includes the first strap body 810 and the second strap body 820 disposed perpendicular to the first strap body 810. The first strap body 810 includes an intermediate strap portion 910 that extends from the strap connection point 802, and an end strap portion 912 that extends from a junction 940 between

intermediate strap portion 910 and the second strap body 820. As shown, for each first strap body 810, one or more intermediate strap attachment segments 911 ("ISAS 911 ") are provided on the intermediate strap portion 910, and an end strap attachment segment 913 ("ESAS 913") is provided on the end strap portion 912. The second strap body 820 includes a first strap portion 922 provided with a first strap portion attachment segment 923 ("FSPAS 923"), and a second strap portion 924 that is provided with a second strap portion attachment segment 925 ("SSPAS 925"). Each sub-strap 800 may be formed from a single piece of material, or the first strap body 810 may be fastened to the second strap body 820, for example, via a type of stitching, at the junction 940.

[0113] FIG. 9B illustrates a perspective view of the first connector strap 150. As shown, the end strap portion 912 of each first strap body 810 is connected to a corresponding intermediate strap portion 910 to define a closed space (“second sub- strap loop 1010”). In particular, for each sub-strap 800, the ESAS 913 provided on the end strap portion 910 is attached to one ISAS 911 provided on the intermediate strap portion 910. In one example, the secondary flotation device 170 can be extended through, and removed from, each of the second sub-strap loops 1010 defined by the first strap body 810. [0114] A second sub-strap loop 1020 will be described with reference to FIGS. 38 and 39. The second strap body 820 includes detachable first and second strap portions 922, 924. For each second strap body 820, the FSPAS 923 is provided on the end of the first strap portion 922, and the SSPAS 925 is provided on the end of the second strap portion 924, and configured to attach to the FSPAS 923. When attached, the first and second strap portions 922, 924 define the second sub-strap loop 1020. Each second sub-strap loop 1020 can be formed around a respective wrist of a user by wrapping the first and second strap portion 922, 924 around the wrist and attaching the FSPAS 923 to the SSPAS 925. One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that at least a size of each third sub-strap loop 1020 can be adjusted to accommodate different wrist sizes.

[0115] With the ninth linking system 90, the first connector strap 150 can be attached to the first pad 142. Absent the gloves, the combination of the first and second sub- strap loops 1010, 1020 respectively can ensure that the first connector strap 150 remains attached to the flotation system 100 (in conjunction with the pad grip 620), the secondary flotation device 170, and the wrists of a user. As a result, during aquatic activities, even without the gloves 160, the secondary flotation device 170 can remain attached to the first strap connector 150 and within the grip of a user, but more importantly always attached to the user’s wrists. Accordingly, even if the user lacks control or sufficient dexterity in their hands and fingers to hold on to the secondary flotation device 170, the user’s wrists will remain attached thereto. Thus, their arms will remain supported for flotation, and located substantially at a surface level of a body of water where aquatic activities are being performed.

[0116] FIG. 10 illustrates a rear perspective view of the flotation system 100 including the sixth and seventh linking systems 60, 70 fully implemented, and the second connector strap 180 provided in a harness configuration.

[0117] Regarding the sixth linking system 60, FIG. 10 illustrates an implementation of the thereof in which the sixth male component 61 provided on the first pad 142 of the crotch support 140, is engaged with the sixth female component 63 provided on the lower torso support 130. Further, FIG. 10 illustrates a position of the engaged sixth male and female components 61 , 63 relative to a location where the second connector strap 180 is secured to the first pad 142. Similar to the fifth linking system 50, the sixth linking system 60 reinforces an attachment between the lower torso support 130 and the crotch support 140. As a result of this reinforced connection, pulling forces on the flotation system 100 generated by the use of the second connector strap 180 in a harness configuration as shown in FIG. 10: (1 ) do not disturb the connection between the lower torso support 130 and the crotch support 140; (2) do not disturb the fit of flotation system 100 around the users lower torso (e.g., movement of the lower torso support 130 and/or the crotch support 140 relative a user is reduced or eliminated); and (3) minimally impact on the direction (vector of application) and magnitude of the radial compressive applied on the user’s lower torso by the combination of the lower torso support 130 and the crotch support 140.

[0118] Accordingly, when the second connector strap 180 is used to tow a user, or the a flotation device that is attached to the second connector strap 180 (not in a harness configuration) moves or is pulled away from the user, the fit of the flotation system 100 and application of forces on a user are substantially unaffected and remain constant. As such, the sixth linking system 60 promotes a consistent overall positive effect that the flotation device 100 can have on a user.

[0119] The second connector strap 180 includes a strap body 700 that defines a first end loop 702 and a second end loop 704. First and second ends of the strap body include end attachment segments that can be arranged to attach to attachment segments provided on other portions of the strap body 700, and thereby form the first and second end loops 702, 704.

[0120] In the illustrated example, the first end loop 702 is secured to the cross-arm loop 234. More specifically, an implementation of the first end loop 702 includes: (1 ) a karabiner 710 being interlocked with the cross-arm loop 234; (2) a portion of the first strap end being run through the karabiner 710; and (3) an end attachment segment being attached to an attachment segment on the strap body 700.

[0121] On the other hand, the second end loop 704 is interlocked with a carabiner 710 that is interlocked with the pad loop 610. More specifically, an implementation of the second end loop 704 includes: (1 ) the karabiner 710 being interlocked with the pad loop 610; (2) a portion of the second strap end being run through the carabiner 710; and (3) and an end attachment segment being attached to a corresponding attachment segment on the strap body 700.

[0122] In another example, one or both of the first and second end loops 702, 704 may be formed respectively by the first and/or second strap ends being stitched to the strap body 700 of the second connector strap 180. In this example, whichever or both of the first and second loop ends 702, 704 defined by stitching, are attached to the pad loop 610 and/or the cross-arm loop 234 (or the cross-arm grip 232) by a non-permanent fastening mechanism, such as the carabiner 710 as illustrated in FIG. 40.

[0123] With the second connector strap 180 provided in the harness configuration, a user wearing the flotation system 100 can be carried by a caregiver. In particular, the caregiver may be able to place the second connector strap 180 across his or her torso from shoulder to hip, and support the weight of the user on his or her back. In an aquatic environment, the caregiver would be able to walk upright, and in effect tow the user, or support the user on the caregiver’s back, without concern for a head of the user moving below a surface of the water. Out of the water, the caregiver would be able to carry the user.

[0124] Due to the compressive forces applied by the various components of lower torso support, stabilization system, and crotch support 130, 120, 140, the flotation system 100 remains substantially stationary on the user, even while being carried.

There are several benefits of this feature. First, the configuration of applied

compressive forces on the user may generally provide a therapeutic effect from a sensory perspective. As a result, for an individual that has a condition or general issues involving severe discomfort or frustration, stress, anxiety, or sensory overload when the individual moves or is assisted in moving, the flotation system 100 may help increase a comfort level and calm the individual. This is especially the case in situations where the second connector strap 180 is being used in the harness configuration to carry a user - where a caregiver is controlling substantially all aspects of the individual’s movement from one location to another. [0125] Another benefit of the flotation system 100 remaining substantially stationary on the user is that the various components of the device 100 will not move into positions that cause the user additional discomfort, affect circulation, or interfere with an endotracheal tube (if present). In addition, because the user stays stationary relative to the flotation system 100, it is possible to for the caregiver to keep constant relative to himself or herself, the orientation of the combination of the user and the flotation system 100. Thus, shifting of the user relative to the caregiver is more easily controlled by the caregiver, which in turn aids the caregiver in avoiding potential injury from sudden shifts in weight and/or being put in awkward positions.

[0126] FIGS. 11A and 11 B illustrate an exemplary flotation system 1100 according to an aspect of the present disclosure. As illustrated in FIG. 1A, the flotation system 1100 includes a vest 1110 and a crotch support 1140. The vest 1110 includes an upper torso stabilization system 1120 (“stabilization system 1120”) and a lower torso support 1130.

[0127] The stabilization system 1120 includes a first arm 1122 and a second arm 1122 (“arms 1122”). Each of the arms 1122 extends from the top edge between the transition regions of a flexible body 1132 of the lower torso support. Each arm 1122 includes a proximal end attached to the lower torso support 1120, a distal end, and an arm attachment segment provided on a surface of the arm 1122 between the proximal end and the distal end. In addition, each arm 1122 includes an arm extension 1124 that extends from a respective distal end. An extension attachment segment (not shown) may be provided on each arm extension for attachment with a respective one of the arm attachment segments.

[0128] The lower torso support 1130 includes an interior surface, a top edge, a bottom edge, and a flexible body 1132. The flexible body 1132 is configured to fit around a back of an individual wearing the flotation system 1100. A first flank 1134 extends from one end of the flexible body 1132 and a second flank 1136 extends from an opposite side of flexible body 1132. Body and flank grips may be are provided on opposite sides of each transition region between an end of the flexible body 1132 and a respective one of the first flank 1134 and the second flank 1136. [0129] The crotch support 1140 includes a first pad 1142 and a second pad 1144 extending from opposite ends of a central body 1146. A first elastic band 1180 and a second elastic band 1182 are attached to, and extend in opposite directions from, the first pad 1142. Each of the first and second elastic bands 1180, 1182 includes a band body that is attached to the first pad 1142 and terminates with a band end. The band end of the first elastic band 1180 includes an interior surface provided with attachment segments configured to attach to the attachment segments provided on the first and second flanks 1134, 1136.

[0130] A buoyant body can be incorporated in the torso support 1130, the arms 1122, and the crotch support 1140. In one example, a buoyant body of each of the arms has a circular cross-section; a buoyant body of the central body 1146 may have a circular cross-section; and a buoyant body of the first pad 1142, the second pad 1144, and the flexible body 1132 may each have a respective rectangular cross-section.

[0131] When placed on a user, the first and second flanks 1134, 1136 can be pulled tight to snuggly fit around the user, and this alone can result in a moderate compressive force being applied to a region of the user including the lower torso. This compressive force is significantly amplified by stretching the first and second bands 1180, 1182 around the first and second flanks 1134, 1136 and attaching band ends to each other, the second pad 1144, or attachment segments provided on the flanks 1134, 1136.

[0132] Each arm extension 1124 can include an attachment segment that in one example, can correspond to a size of the arm attachment segment. As a result, each arm extension 1124 can be pulled up in front of the first or second flanks 1134, 1136 and securely attached to one of multiple locations of a corresponding arm attachment segment. The degree to which each arm extension 1124 is pulled tight and attached to an arm attachment segment determines, and can be modified to apply a desired magnitude of, a compressive and downward forces applied by the arms 1122.

[0133] FIGS. 12A-12C illustrate an exemplary flotation system 1200 according to an aspect of the present disclosure. The flotation system 1200 includes a vest 1210 and a crotch support 1240. The vest 1210 includes an upper torso stabilization system 1220 (“stabilization system 1220”) and a lower torso support 1230. The lower torso support 1230 includes a top edge, a bottom edge, a flexible body 1232, a first flank 1234, and a second flank 1236.

[0134] The stabilization system 1220 includes a first arm 1222 and a second arm 1222 (hereafter“arm 1222” or“arms 1222”), each with a proximal end attached to a respective region of the top edge corresponding with the flexible body 1232. A buoyant body (e.g., foam or other buoyant material formed into a structure that may be substantially uniform, closed, and/or unable to absorb liquid) is in enclosed in a fabric shell between the proximal end and a distal end of each arm 1222. An arm attachment segment is provided on each arm 1222 adjacent to a respective distal end.

[0135] An arm extension strap 1224 ("extension strap 1224") is attached to the distal end of each arm 1222. Each extension strap 1224 includes an extension body and an extension end. An extension attachment segment is provided on each extension end and configured to attach to a corresponding arm attachment segment. The arms 1222 are linked by a cross-arm connector 1225 provided between the proximal and distal ends. The cross-arm connector 1225, or a cross-grip 1227 attached thereto, provides a component that can be handled by a caregiver to help a user move as part of aquatic activities. In addition, a rear spread adjustor 1228 is wrapped around, and can be adjusted to press together, the arms 1222 in a location between the cross-arm connector 1225 and the distal ends.

[0136] The stabilization system further includes a cross-strap system 1250 that includes a first cross-strap 1252 and a second cross-strap (hereafter“cross-strap 1252” or“cross-straps 1252”). Each cross-strap 1252 includes an arm loop for adjustably positioning the cross-strap on a respective arm 1222, a strap body that extends from the arm loop, and a strap end. When fully implemented, the cross-straps define an X- shaped configuration (“X-configuration”) that traverses a torso of the user. If the center of the X-configuration is pulled, the arms 1222, the lower torso support 1230, and the crotch support 1240, will all be pulled inward. This has the effect of increasing the compressive force each component applies on the body of the user.

[0137] The flexible body 1232 of the lower torso support 1230 is configured to fit around a back of an individual wearing the flotation system 1200. A portion of the interior surface corresponding to the flexible body 1232 may include an interior attachment segment (not shown).

[0138] The crotch support 1240 includes first and second pads 1242, 1244 extending from respective sides of a central body 1246. A first elastic band 1260 and a second elastic band 1262 are attached to, and extend in opposite directions from, the first pad 1242. Each of the first and second elastic bands 1260, 1262 includes a band body that is attached to the first pad 1242, and terminates with a band end including an

attachment segment.

[0139] Secondary flotation devices 1270 are also illustrated in FIGS. 12A-12C. As illustrated in FIGS. 12A and 12B, the secondary flotation devices can be secured to the flotation system 1200 by first and second connector straps 1280, 1290. In some cases, a user may not have, or only have limited, use of their arms, and aquatic activities may therefore be difficult, impractical, or limited in number. The first connector strap 1280 may be utilized to secure a secondary flotation device 1270 to the flotation system 1200 in front of the user, so that the user’s arms are supported in the water. This may allow for more activities and increase the comfort and confidence of the user while in the water.

[0140] FIG. 12B illustrates a rear perspective view of the flotation system 1200. As shown, the second connector strap 1290 is attached to the crotch support 1240 on one end, and attached to another secondary flotation device 1270 at an opposite end. With the secondary flotation device 1270 attached to the second connector strap 1290, legs of the user can be supported during aquatic activities. More specifically, the user may be leaned backwards so that the user’s chest faces upwards, and the secondary flotation device 1270 can be placed under the user’s ankles, calves, or back of the user’s knees. Thus, while a user is in a supine position relative to a plane coinciding with a surface level of the water, their legs can be supported for flotation by the secondary flotation device 1270 at the same time as their torso is supported for flotation by the primary flotation device 1200.

[0141] Supported for flotation with respect to the torso means that at least a mouth of an individual is not submerged and is substantially maintain above a surface level of a body of water in which the individual is located. Supported for flotation with respect to a user’s legs means that portions of the user’s legs that are directly in contact with the secondary flotation device 1270 (particularly the portions of the user’s legs at or below the user’s knees) are at, just below, or just above the surface level of the water. As a result, the user’s thighs may be maintained in a substantially horizontal orientation, thereby avoiding putting any undue stress on the user’s hips or lower back during aquatic activities involving the user be in a supine position.

[0142] FIG. 12C illustrates a rear view of the flotation system 1200 including the second connector strap 1290 attached in a harness configuration. In one example, the first and second strap ends include attachment segments that can be arranged to form the first and second end loops which can be interlocked with a pad loop 1248 and the cross-arm grip 1227. With the second connector strap 1290 provided in the harness configuration, a user wearing the flotation system 1200 can be carried by a

caregiver/first responder/person providing assistance. In particular, the caregiver may be able to place the second connector strap 1290 across his or her torso from shoulder to hip, and support the weight of the user on his or her back. In an aquatic environment, the caregiver would be able to walk upright, and in effect tow the user, or support the user on the caregiver’s back, without concern for a head of the user moving below a surface level of the water.

[0143] FIGS. 13A, 13B, and 13C respectively illustrate front elevation, rear perspective, and side elevation views of a flotation system 1300, according to an aspect of the present disclosure. The flotation system 1300 includes a vest 1310 and a crotch support 1340. The vest 1310 includes a lower torso support 1330 and an upper torso stabilization system 1320 (“stabilization system 1320”). The lower torso support includes an interior surface, an exterior surface, a top edge, a bottom edge, and a flexible body 1332. The flexible body 1332 is configured to fit around a back of an individual wearing the flotation system 1300.

[0144] The stabilization system 1320 includes a first arm 1322 and a second arm 1322 (hereafter“arms 1322” or“arm 1322”); each of the arms 1322 extends from the top edge of the flexible body 1332. Each arm 1322 includes a proximal end attached to the lower torso support 1330, a distal end, and an arm attachment segment provided on a surface of the arm 1322 between the proximal end and the distal end. In addition, each arm 1322 includes an arm extension 1324 that extends from a respective distal end. An extension attachment segment may be provided on each arm extension 1324 for attachment with a respective one of the arm attachment segments. Each arm 1322 may be attached to a cross-strap system 1350 that includes a first cross-strap 1352 and a second cross-strap 1352 (hereafter“cross-straps 1352” or“cross-strap 1352”) and extends across an upper torso of a user in an X-shaped configuration.

[0145] The lower torso support 1330 includes the flexible body 1332, and first and second flanks 1334, 1336 extending in opposite directions from the flexible body 1332. Attachment segments are provided on an exterior of the flexible body 1332, the first flank 1334, and the second flank 1336. An interior surface of the first and/or the second flank 1334, 1336 may be provided with an attachment segment configured to attach to the attachment segment on the exterior of the other of the first and second flanks 1334, 1336.

[0146] As shown in FIG. 13C, a strap/extension to lower support securement system 1390 ("strap/support securement system 1390") is integrated into the lower torso support 1330 in the area of each of the transition regions of the lower torso support.

The strap/support securement system 1390 includes a plurality of loops and rings that can be used as points of engagement between the lower torso support 1330 and the arm extensions 1324 and cross-straps 1352 of the stabilization system 1320. In one example, the strap/support securement system 1390 includes first, second, and third strap-securing attachments, each including a loop respectively attached to the top or bottom edge of the lower torso support and a ring interlocked with the loop.

[0147] The crotch support 1340 includes a first pad 1342 and a second pad 1344 extending from opposite ends of a central body 1346. A first elastic band 1360 and a second elastic band 1362 are attached to, and extend in opposite directions from, the first pad 1342. Each of the first and second elastic bands 1360, 1362 includes a band body that is attached to the first pad 1242, and terminates with a band end. [0148] Each of the flexible body 1332, the arms 1322, the pads 1342, 1344, and central the body 1346 can include a buoyant body enclosed in a fabric shell of various configurations (e.g., stitching). The buoyant bodies incorporated in the torso support 1330, the arms 1322, or the crotch support 1340, can be formed of one or a

combination of buoyant materials. In one example, each buoyant body can be constructed of a closed-cell buoyant material such as expanded polyurethane foam. In another example, a buoyant body of each of the arms 1322 has a circular cross-section; a buoyant body of the central body may have a circular cross-section; and buoyant bodies of the first pad, the second pad, and the flexible body may each have

rectangular cross-sections.

[0149] It will be appreciated that the foregoing description provides examples of the disclosed flotation system and techniques for applying the flotation system. These examples given above are merely illustrative and are not meant to be an exhaustive list of all possible designs, aspects, applications or modifications of the disclosure. Further, it is contemplated that other implementations of the disclosure may differ in detail from the foregoing examples. All references to the disclosure or examples thereof are intended to reference the particular example being discussed at that point and are not intended to imply any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure more generally. All language of distinction and disparagement with respect to certain features is intended to indicate a lack of preference for those features, but not to exclude such from the scope of the disclosure entirely unless otherwise indicated.

Claims

CLAIMS: We claim:

1. A flotation system, the flotation system comprising:

a crotch support including:

a central body,

a first pad,

a second pad,

a first elastic band extending from the first pad, and

a second elastic band extending from the first band in an opposite direction of the first elastic band;

a vest including:

a lower torso support configured to attach to the first pad and the second pad, the lower torso support including:

a flexible body,

a first flank extending from a first side of the flexible body, a second flank extending from a second side of the flexible body and configured to be attached to the first flank, and

a torso grip attached to a top edge of lower torso support, the torso grip being accessible for gripping in an attachment configuration of the first and second flanks, and

a first arm and a second arm, each of the first arm and the second arm having a proximal end extending from a top edge of the lower torso support; and at least one linking system including a male component and a female

component, one of a male component and a female component attached to the lower torso support proximate to the torso grip, and an other of the male component and female component attached to the crotch support,

wherein the male and female components of the at least one linking system are configured to engage to reinforce an attachment between the first pad and the lower torso support.

2. The flotation system of claim 1 ,

wherein the first elastic band and the second elastic band are configured to wrap around the lower torso support and such that a compressive force is applied along a circumference defined by a torso of a user, and

wherein the at least one linking system is configured to substantially maintain a position of the crotch support relative to the lower torso support, and a magnitude and vector of the compressive force in response to force being applied to the torso grip in a direction away from the user.

3. The flotation system of claim 1 ,

wherein the buoyant body in each of the first arm and the second arm extends from a respective proximal end to a respective distal end.

4. The flotation system of claim 1 ,

wherein the first pad of the crotch support is configured to attach to the flexible body of the vest,

wherein the second pad is configured to attach to at least one of the first flank attachment segment and the second flank attachment segment.

5. The flotation system of claim 4,

wherein the male component and the torso grip are attached to a top edge of the lower torso support in an area of the first flank,

wherein the male component is attached to the top edge in a location between connection points of the top edge and ends of the torso grip, and

wherein the female component is attached to a pad grip of the second pad.

6. The flotation system of claim 5,

wherein the at least one linking system is a first linking system, the male component is a first male component, and the female component is a first female component,

wherein the flotation device further comprises a second linking system including: one of a second male component and a second female component attached to the flexible body of the lower torso support, and

an other of the second male component and the second female component attached to the second pad of the crotch support.

7. The flotation system of claim 1 , further comprising:

wherein the flotation device further comprises a pair second linking systems, each linking system including:

a second male component attached to an exterior surface of the lower torso support proximate to a respective side of the flexible body,

a second female component attached to the exterior proximate to a respect one of the first flank and the second flank, and

at least one loop with a free end operative to change a distance between fixed ends of the second male and female components and modify a general compressive force applied on the user by just the lower torso support.

8. The flotation system of claim 1 , further comprising:

a cross-strap system including a first cross-strap and a second cross-strap, wherein the at least one linking system is a first linking system, the male component is a first male component, and the female component is a first female component,

wherein the flotation device further comprises a pair second linking systems, each second linking system configured to attach a respective one of the first and second cross-strap to the lower torso support such that first and second cross-straps define an X-shaped configuration.

9. The flotation system of claim 1 , further comprising: a cross-connector attached to the first arm and the second arm in corresponding locations; and

a cross-grip attached to the cross-connector.

10. The flotation system of claim 9, further comprising:

a first spread adjustor system attached to the first and second arms proximate to the distal ends; and

a second spread adjustor system attached to the first and second arms proximate to the cross-arm connector.

11. The flotation system of claim 10, further comprising:

wherein each of the first and second spread adjustor systems is defined by respective linking system including a male component attached to one of the first and second arms and a female component attached to an other of the first and second arms.

12. The flotation system of claim 11 , further comprising:

a strap connector including a head and a pair of sub-straps extending from the head;

wherein the head is defined by one of a second male component and a second female component of a second linking system; and

wherein an other of the second male component and the second female component attached to the second pad proximate to the other of the male component and female component of the at least one linking system that is attached to the crotch support

13. A vest providing a flotation device, the vest comprising:

a lower torso support including:

a flexible body,

a first flank extending from a first transition region on a first side of the flexible body, the first flank having a first flank attachment segment, a second flank extending from a second transition region on a second side of the flexible body, the second flank having a second flank attachment segment configured to attach to the first flank attachment segment,

a plurality of grips extending from a top edge to a bottom edge of the lower torso support, and

a first arm and a second arm, each of the first arm and the second arm having: a proximal end extending from the top edge of the lower torso support, a distal end, and

an extension extending from the distal end and including a first male component of a respective first linking system configured to engage a first female component attached to the lower torso support proximate to a respective one of the first transition region and the second transition region,

wherein each of the flexible body, the first arm, and the second arm includes a respective buoyant body.

14. The vest of claim 13,

15. The vest of claim 13, further comprising:

a torso grip attached to a top edge of the lower torso support in the region of the second flank;

one of a second male component and a second female component of second linking system attached to the top edge proximate to center of the flexible body;

one of a third male component and a third female component of a third linking system attached to the top edge in the region of the second flank.

16. The vest of claim 15,

wherein the one of the third male component and the third female component is attached to the top edge in a location between connection points of the top edge and ends of the torso grip.

17. The vest of claim 13, further comprising:

a cross-strap system including a first cross-strap secured to the first arm and a second cross-strap secured to the second arm; and

a pair second linking systems, each second linking system including

a second male component provided on a respective one of the first cross- strap and the second cross-strap, and

a second female component attached to the lower torso support proximate to a respective one of the first transition region and the second transition region,

18. The vest of claim 13, further comprising:

a second spread adjustor system attached to the first and second arms proximate to the cross-arm connector,

wherein each of the first and second spread adjustor systems is defined by a respective linking system including a male component attached to one of the first and second arms and a female component attached to an other of the first and second arms.

19. A method of guiding an activity of a user in an aquatic environment, the method comprising:

wrapping a lower torso support around a lower torso of the user;

attaching an attachment segment of a first flank of the lower torso support to an attachment segment of the second flank;

positioning a first arm attached to a flexible body of the lower torso support over a first shoulder of the user and engaging a first male component of a first linking system provided on the first arm to a first female component attached to the lower torso support on side of a center of the flexible body including the first arm;

positioning a second arm attached to the flexible body support over a second shoulder of the user and engaging a second male component of a second linking system provided on the second arm to a second female component attached to the lower torso support on side of a center of the flexible body including the second arm; attaching a first pad of a crotch support to the flexible body and attaching a second pad of the crotch support to one of the first flank and the second flank such that central body of the crotch support extends between legs of the user;

wrapping a first elastic band attached to the first pad around the user and attaching first elastic band to one of the second pad, the first flank, and the second flank;

wrapping a second elastic band attached to the first pad around the user in an opposite direction as the first elastic band and attaching the second elastic band to one of the second pad, the second flank, the first flank, and the first elastic band;

engaging a fourth male component a fourth linking system attached the top edge of the lower torso support to fourth female component attached to second pad of the crotch support;

guiding the user into the aquatic environment using a torso grip attached to the top edge of the lower torso support,

wherein the lower torso support applies a moderate compressive force to a region of the user including a lower torso, and

wherein the first and second elastic bands exert an inwardly directed radial compressive force on a buoyant body provided in at least the flexible body.

20. The method of guiding of claim 19, the method further comprising:

engaging a fifth male component of a fifth linking system attached to the first arm with a fifth female component attached to the second arm; and

pulling a free end of a loop of at least one of the fifth male component and the fifth female component and adjusting a spread between the first arm and the second arm. gripping at least one of a body grip and a flank grip provided on the lower torso support; and