WO2020011040A1 - Appareil de protection contre la foudre intégré à un circuit de type à consommation d'énergie autonome - Google Patents

Appareil de protection contre la foudre intégré à un circuit de type à consommation d'énergie autonome Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020011040A1
WO2020011040A1 PCT/CN2019/094137 CN2019094137W WO2020011040A1 WO 2020011040 A1 WO2020011040 A1 WO 2020011040A1 CN 2019094137 W CN2019094137 W CN 2019094137W WO 2020011040 A1 WO2020011040 A1 WO 2020011040A1
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Prior art keywords
lightning
self
energy
current
circuit
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PCT/CN2019/094137
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
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陈达
王雪燕
黄正宗
孙涛
罗日成
郭珍
王克蔚
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王雪燕
陈达
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Publication of WO2020011040A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020011040A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
    • H02H9/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage

Definitions

  • This solution belongs to the technical field of lightning protection of transmission lines, and particularly relates to a comprehensive lightning protection device of a self-consuming energy line.
  • a lightning rod is a lightning arrester.
  • the surrounding lightning will be guided here to the ground, so that it can protect the surrounding lines and equipment.
  • the grounding down conductor and grounding device will lightning current. No problem can occur in every step of the introduction of the underground to achieve the lightning protection effect.
  • Lightning arresters ie, non-linear resistors
  • the lightning arrester has a small resistance due to the large current, so that the lightning current passes, preventing the lightning current from shorting the line to ground after the line insulator is broken.
  • the current is extremely small and its resistance is so large that the line current cannot pass. Therefore, lightning arresters can effectively prevent lightning strikes.
  • the installation of lightning arresters is complicated and there are many locations where lightning strikes are required to fight back. When the lightning arresters are broken once, they need to be replaced after a power failure. This greatly increases the installation difficulty and installation cost, and even the combination of lightning rods and lightning arresters can protect the surrounding lines. And equipment, but the large current after entering the ground will generate a large step voltage, threatening personal safety.
  • the traditional method achieves the purpose of preventing lightning leakage by transforming the ground resistance, installing a water absorption module, and installing a lightning arrester.
  • the earth's ability to absorb lightning current is limited; when the lightning current is large and the ground resistance is good, the slope of the lightning current waveform in the rising waveband is extremely large and the traditional method cannot effectively change it. In this situation, the transmission line often strikes back (lightning strikes occur mainly during the rise of lightning waves). Therefore, the traditional method is not good for lightning protection, which is the main reason why the lightning protection effect is not obvious in some heavy mines by modifying the grounding resistance and installing lightning arresters.
  • the lightning rod When the forest area is struck by lightning, the lightning rod will increase the chance of the lightning current and combustibles during the process of lightning introduction into the ground, and the thousand-level lightning current may cause the forest area near the lightning rod (tower) to cause forest fires. Therefore, the use of lightning rods (towers) is not suitable for large-scale forest lightning protection.
  • Lightning power generates huge energy in an instant and causes huge damage. Lightning discharges often endanger the lives and property of humans and animals, cause fires in forests and oil depots, destroy various types of buildings, communications equipment and household appliances, and other weak electrical equipment, as well as various disasters caused by damage to insulation in power systems.
  • lightning discharges can cause extremely high overvoltages throughout the power system. If it is not restricted, it will cause insulation failures in transmission lines and power plants, substation power distribution devices, etc., and cause power outages. After a lightning strike, the repair of the destroyed line, the maintenance and replacement of the lightning protection device require huge costs; the resulting line or grid paralysis will cause the line to leak, the power plant will be forced to stop running, and the power consumed by the power plant to start is higher than normal Energy consumption of operation. All these losses in this energy-lit world will translate into energy losses. In addition, the huge current generated by lightning discharges can also cause damage or damage to electromechanical equipment due to induction and thermal effects.
  • lightning and lightning will cause the breakdown and damage of the relevant weak current equipment in the building during the process of entering the ground, and this damage is irreversible, and sometimes it may cause casualties. From the above analysis, it can be seen that after lightning invades a system, it will show radioactive diffusion. When invading from two-dimensional space to three-dimensional space, lightning will release energy and cause irreversible damage in every place where the system generates overvoltage. Therefore, once a lightning invades the system, it will pose a threat to all parts of the system. We can call lightning a pollution. To prevent the system from being polluted by lightning, you must block the lightning from the source to enter the system.
  • the current traditional methods of lightning protection are to use lightning protection measures to protect surrounding lines and equipment, and to introduce lightning current into the ground through grounded down conductors and grounding devices; this method of opening a drainage channel in the system Although it can provide an evacuation channel for lightning energy, it cannot prevent lightning from entering the system. At the same time, it cannot prevent lightning from generating overvoltage in weak links and counterattacking and damaging equipment.
  • the traditional lightning protection method it is necessary to ensure that the lightning can absorb the energy through the ground wire instead of releasing the energy through the weak link; and only ensure that the ground can absorb the lightning energy, the lightning can be absorbed through the grounding device Energy, if a single lightning energy is too large will cause the earth too late to evacuate the lightning energy, the traditional lightning protection methods will fail. To sum up, the traditional method needs to ensure the lightning protection effect to ensure that no problems can occur in each link.
  • lightning arresters are also installed at each weak link (that is, the location where overvoltages are likely to occur) to generate a discharge channel to dissipate lightning energy.
  • Weak links include low-voltage equipment in the system, such as communication equipment, and electronic equipment with low voltage levels, which will cause irreversible damage to these equipment when counterattacked; also include power transmission lines in the power system, if overvoltages occur on parallel lines And the counterattack will lead to the short circuit of the line during and after the lightning and the power grid will be paralyzed.
  • the above-mentioned lightning protection method avoids the impact of lightning pollution on the system to a certain extent, it does not solve the lightning pollution from the root cause.
  • the traditional method of installing a lightning arrester in each location that is prone to overvoltage will cause waste of energy and resources, and it will need to be replaced after a power failure when the arrester is broken once This greatly increases the difficulty and cost of installation.
  • the traditional method achieves the purpose of preventing lightning leakage by transforming the ground resistance, installing a water absorption module, and installing a lightning arrester.
  • the earth's ability to absorb lightning current is limited; when the lightning current is large and the ground resistance is good, the slope of the lightning current waveform in the rising waveband is extremely large and the traditional method cannot effectively change it. In this situation, the transmission line often strikes back (lightning strikes occur mainly during the rise of lightning waves). Therefore, the traditional method is not good for lightning protection, which is the main reason why the lightning protection effect is not obvious in some heavy mines by modifying the grounding resistance and installing lightning arresters.
  • the traditional lightning protection methods are to use lightning protection measures to protect surrounding lines and equipment, and to introduce lightning current into the ground through grounded down conductors and grounding devices; this method of opening a drainage channel in the system can It provides an evacuation channel for lightning energy, but it cannot prevent lightning from entering the system. At the same time, it cannot prevent lightning from generating overvoltages in weak links and counterattacking and destroying equipment. Therefore, in order to ensure the lightning protection effect of the traditional lightning protection method, it is necessary to ensure that the lightning can absorb the energy through the ground wire instead of releasing the energy through the weak link; and only ensure that the ground can absorb the lightning energy, the lightning can be absorbed through the grounding device. Energy, if a single lightning energy is too large will cause the earth too late to evacuate the lightning energy, the traditional lightning protection methods will fail. To sum up, the traditional method needs to ensure the lightning protection effect to ensure that no problems can occur in each link.
  • lightning arresters are also installed at each weak link (that is, the location where overvoltages are likely to occur) to generate a discharge channel to dissipate lightning energy.
  • Weak links include low-voltage equipment in the system, such as communication equipment, and electronic equipment with low voltage levels, which will cause irreversible damage to these equipment when counterattacked; also include power transmission lines in the power system, if overvoltages occur on parallel lines And the counterattack will lead to the short circuit of the line during and after the lightning and the power grid will be paralyzed.
  • the above-mentioned lightning protection method avoids the impact of lightning pollution on the system to a certain extent, it does not solve the lightning pollution from the root cause.
  • the traditional method of installing a lightning arrester in each location that is prone to overvoltage will cause waste of energy and resources, and it will need to be replaced after a power failure when the arrester is broken once This greatly increases the difficulty and cost of installation.
  • a self-consumption-type line comprehensive lightning protection device includes one or more self-consumption circuits, the self-consumption circuits are connected in series in sequence, the first said self-consumption circuit is connected with a lightning receptor, and the lightning connection The device is used to receive a direct lightning strike and introduce a lightning current into the first self-consumption circuit.
  • the rear end of the last self-consumption circuit is grounded, and is generally connected to the ground by connecting the tower tower top or the top of the building.
  • the tip of the air-termination device is directed vertically upward, and the rear end of the last self-consumption circuit is connected to the top of a line pole tower which needs lightning protection.
  • Each of the plurality of self-consuming circuits corresponds to a type of lightning energy dissipation.
  • Each of the self-consuming circuits includes an inductor coil and a capacitor gap; the inductor coil and the capacitor gap are connected in parallel to form a self-consuming circuit.
  • the inductance L of the inductance coil in each of the self-dissipation circuits satisfies the induction motor generated by the amount of current change applied to the inductance coil by the lightning current that needs to be dissipated per unit time.
  • a breakdown voltage greater than the capacitor gap is used to ensure that the capacitor gap is broken down, and lightning energy is consumed through a self-consumption circuit.
  • the structures and parameters of the capacitor gaps in the multiple self-dissipating circuits are completely the same.
  • the inductance L of the inductance coils in the multiple self-dissipating circuits is not all equal.
  • the circuit performs the dissipation of lightning energy, and the inductance L of the inductance coil in the self-consumption circuit is determined by the lightning current change rate of the type of the lightning current dissipated by the self-consumption circuit. Decide.
  • the current flow of a self-consumption line integrated lightning protection device includes the following steps:
  • the lightning receptor directs the lightning current to a self-consuming circuit
  • the lightning current passes through a circuit formed by a series of the self-dissipating circuits and is absorbed in one of the self-dissipating circuits capable of causing a breakdown discharge of the capacitor gap;
  • the inductor can be regarded as a power source for instantaneous storage of lightning energy
  • the capacitor can be regarded as a resistor that carries and consumes lightning energy.
  • the current in the self-dissipation circuit is equal to the current between the capacitor and the inductor. After oscillating a large current in the opposite direction, the current is absorbed in the circuit and a small current is output and flows into the top of the line tower.
  • the lightning current is introduced and trapped in the device through the vibration of the inductor and capacitor, and the energy is absorbed through the loop resistance and gap discharge to achieve the blocking of the lightning from entering the system from the source, preventing the lightning pollution from affecting the system and equipment.
  • it saves the waste of resources that need to be equipped with lightning arresters everywhere, solves the problem of lightning arresters that need to be replaced after multiple lightning strikes, realizes energy-saving lightning protection without sacrificing their own life through the arresters, and saves a lot of resources and costs;
  • This device can replace the traditional lightning arrester, and does not need to be installed in the same way as a traditional lightning arrester. It can be installed on a pole tower with power on, without affecting the normal operation of the power system and improving resource utilization.
  • Figure 1 is a circuit topology diagram of this solution
  • Figure 2 is a lightning current waveform diagram of this solution
  • FIG. 3 is a current waveform diagram of a self-consumption circuit of this solution
  • FIG. 4 is a waveform diagram of output current of a self-consumption circuit of this solution.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an experimental detection platform of this scheme.
  • 1- air-termination device 2-capacitance gap of self-dissipation circuit one; 3-inductance coil of self-dissipation circuit one; 4-coil resistance of self-dissipation circuit one; 5-capacitance gap of self-dissipation circuit two; 6- Inductive coil of self-consumption circuit two; 7- Coil resistance of self-consumption circuit two.
  • a self-power-consumption type line integrated lightning protection device is equipped with a lightning receptor 1 at the front end for directing lightning and receiving direct lightning strikes.
  • Two self-consumption circuits (self-consumption circuit 1 and self-consumption circuit 2) are connected to the rear end of the lightning receptor 1 to perform multiple lightning energy dissipations of different lightning currents.
  • the self-consumption circuit 2 The rear connection requires lightning-proof lines or towers.
  • the two self-consuming circuits are connected in series.
  • the self-consuming circuit 1 includes an inductance coil 3 of the self-consuming circuit 1, a coil resistance 4 of the self-consuming circuit 1, and a capacitor gap 2 of the self-consuming circuit.
  • the inductance coil 3 is connected in series with the coil resistance 4 in parallel with the capacitor gap 2 to form a self-consumption circuit; the components of the self-consumption circuit 2 are connected in the same way as the self-consumption circuit 1, in which the inductance of the self-consumption circuit 2
  • the inductance L of the coil 6 is not equal to the inductance L of the inductance coil 3 of the self-consumption circuit.
  • the inductive coils 3 and 6 When the lightning current i0 passes through two self-dissipating circuits, the inductive coils 3 and 6 generate a back-induced electromotive force to make the initial value of the branch current i2 zero and form a high voltage across the capacitor gap to make it The breakdown discharge releases a large current i1 equivalent to the lightning current i0 and thereby achieves the purpose of consuming lightning energy.
  • the inductance L of the two inductive coils must meet the different types of lightning currents that the two self-consuming circuits are responsible for consuming per unit time.
  • the induced electromotive force generated by the amount of current change on the inductive coils is greater than the impact of the capacitor gap.
  • the breakdown voltage is used to ensure that the self-consumption circuit 1 and the self-consumption circuit 2 can absorb the different types of lightning currents that they are responsible for dissipating.
  • the inductance L of the inductance coils in the self-dissipation circuit 1 and the self-dissipation circuit 2 is not equal to the lightning current dissipation for different types of lightning; the inductance L of the inductance 3 of the self-dissipation circuit 1 is The rate of change of the lightning current of the self-consumption circuit 1 is determined by the rate of change of the lightning current of the self-dissipation circuit 2, and the inductance L of the inductor 6 of the self-dissipation circuit 2 is determined by the rate of change of the lightning current of the dissipation circuit.
  • the current flow of a self-consumption line integrated lightning protection device includes the following steps:
  • the air-termination device 1 conducts the lightning current i0 to the self-consumption circuit one;
  • the lightning current i0 passes through the circuit formed by the self-consumed circuit 1 and the self-consumed circuit 2 in series and is absorbed in the self-consumed circuit 1;
  • the device can complete the energy dissipation of different types of lightning by setting a plurality of self-dissipating circuits, and the energy dissipation is achieved by the capacitor gap breakdown discharge, and different types of lightning energy
  • the way of dissipating different self-dissipation circuits is achieved by fixing the structural parameters of the capacitor gap in the self-dissipation circuit and adjusting the inductance of the inductance coil; of course, it is not ruled out that the inductance of the inductance coil in the fixed self-dissipation circuit is fixed. Size, adjust the structural parameters of the capacitor gap in the self-dissipation circuit to achieve the dissipation of different types of lightning energy.
  • This embodiment has the same structure as the first embodiment, except that the inductance L of the two inductor coils must satisfy the same type of lightning current applied to the inductor coils by the two self-consuming circuits per unit time.
  • the induced electromotive force generated by the variation is greater than the breakdown voltage of the capacitor gap to ensure that the self-consumption circuit 1 and the self-consumption circuit 2 have multiple dissipation effects on the same type of lightning current that is responsible for dissipation.
  • the inductance L of the inductance coils in the self-dissipation circuit 1 and the self-dissipation circuit 2 is equal to the inductance L of the lightning current for the same type of lightning; the inductance 3 of the self-dissipation circuit 1 and the self-dissipation energy
  • the inductance L corresponding to the inductance coil 6 of the loop two is determined by the same kind of lightning current change rate that the self-dissipated loop 1 and the self-dissipated loop 2 are responsible for absorbing.
  • the device can complete the secondary dissipation of lightning energy of the same type by setting a plurality of self-consumption circuits. This is because the excessive lightning current that remains after the primary lightning dissipation is still completed Solutions to very large problems; and the energy dissipation is achieved through the capacitor gap breakdown discharge.
  • This embodiment has the same structure as the first embodiment, except that the inductance L of the two inductor coils must satisfy the same type of lightning current applied to the inductor coils by the two self-consuming circuits per unit time.
  • the induced electromotive force generated by the change is not greater than the breakdown voltage of the capacitor gap.
  • the lightning current is locked to self-consumption through the oscillating circuit generated by the inductor coil and the capacitor gap.
  • the lightning current oscillates back and forth in the self-consumption circuit, and during the oscillation process, the lightning current energy is gradually absorbed by the coil resistance of the self-consumption circuit.
  • the device when the capacitor gap is not broken, the device does not dissipate the lightning energy through the capacitor gap discharge, but oscillates in the loop through the lightning current and in the coil resistance of the self-dissipating circuit. Go back and forth gradually.
  • the team produced a small model of the device and performed a pulse current experiment on May 4, 2019 at Kebit Group in Yuhua District, Changsha City, Hunan province.
  • the experiment aims to verify the principle of the self-consumption circuit.
  • the performance of the device to suppress the lightning current is verified by detecting the ground current and its attenuation rate of the device; the principle of the device that produces effects is verified by observing the current of each branch.
  • the ground current is measured to verify the conjecture that the ground current is greatly reduced.
  • Figure 5 shows the test platform for this experiment, which consists of a control system, a measurement system, and an execution system.
  • the execution system includes: switchgear, rectifier, diode, grounding resistor, emergency brake switch, capacitor, spherical discharge gap, sample box, and the device; the switchgear is connected to the AC source and is controlled by the control system at the same time.
  • the system sends out test preparation and the system closes the switchgear when the system detects that all parts are ready.
  • the AC source starts to charge the capacitor.
  • the alternating current is straightened by the rectifier.
  • the spherical discharge gap adjusts the gap distance to charge the capacitor to the lightning current amplitude of the control system.
  • the device and the test box are electrically connected to form a test loop; the Rogowski coil is placed in the device where the current needs to be measured and is connected in series with the oscilloscope and the computer; when the experiment fails, the emergency brake switch is closed, The ground resistance leaks into the ground and releases the generated lightning waves.
  • the lightning current generated is added to the flash terminal of the device, that is, the position of the contact on the device.
  • the fixed gap distance is the theoretically calculated optimal distance of 2.3mm.
  • the amplitude of the lightning current is gradually increased from 30kA to 60kA. Collect the current on the upper branch, the lower branch, and the output of the air gap, and verify the lightning protection effect of the device by calculating the attenuation rate of the lightning current, which is the ratio of the difference between the output current and the lightning current to the lightning current.
  • the experimental results are shown in Table 1. Taking 20kA as an example, the amplitude of the lightning current is reduced from 20kA to 1.59kA, the attenuation rate is 92.05%, and the lightning lightning absorption capacity is good.
  • the lightning current waveform and output current waveform corresponding to the experimental results are shown in Table 2.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un appareil de protection contre la foudre intégré à un circuit de type à consommation d'énergie autonome. Un récepteur de foudre est monté à l'extrémité avant de l'appareil et utilisé pour recevoir une décharge électrique directe ; l'extrémité arrière du récepteur de foudre est connectée à plusieurs boucles à consommation d'énergie autonome qui sont utilisées pour consommer et recevoir l'énergie de multiples décharges électriques ; les différentes boucles à consommation d'énergie autonome sont connectées en série ; une seule boucle à consommation d'énergie autonome comprend une bobine d'induction, une résistance de bobine et un espace capacitif ; la bobine d'induction est connectée à la résistance de bobine en série, puis est connectée à l'espace capacitif en parallèle de manière à former la boucle à consommation d'énergie autonome ; lorsque la décharge électrique passe à travers la boucle de consommation d'énergie autonome, la bobine d'induction génère une force électromotrice d'induction inverse, de sorte que la valeur initiale de courant de branche soit égale à zéro, et une haute tension est formée aux deux extrémités de l'espace capacitif, ce qui permet à l'espace capacitif de se décharger de manière destructive afin de libérer un courant important qui est égal au courant fulgural, et d'atteindre en outre le but de consommer de l'énergie fulgurale. L'appareil résout le problème de réplique d'un appareil de protection contre la foudre traditionnel à partir de la source, consomme et reçoit le courant fulgural avant la mise à la terre du courant fulgural, et garantit efficacement la sécurité des personnes et un dispositif.
PCT/CN2019/094137 2018-07-09 2019-07-01 Appareil de protection contre la foudre intégré à un circuit de type à consommation d'énergie autonome WO2020011040A1 (fr)

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CN201821081272.9U CN208299437U (zh) 2018-07-09 2018-07-09 一种自耗能型线路综合防雷装置
CN201821081272.9 2018-07-09

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108599129A (zh) * 2018-07-09 2018-09-28 王雪燕 一种自耗能型线路综合防雷装置

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN201307768Y (zh) * 2008-06-16 2009-09-09 陕西蓝河电气工程有限公司 配电变压器专用防雷阻波器
CN104659776A (zh) * 2014-12-04 2015-05-27 国家电网公司 防反击雷装置
CN108599129A (zh) * 2018-07-09 2018-09-28 王雪燕 一种自耗能型线路综合防雷装置

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN201307768Y (zh) * 2008-06-16 2009-09-09 陕西蓝河电气工程有限公司 配电变压器专用防雷阻波器
CN104659776A (zh) * 2014-12-04 2015-05-27 国家电网公司 防反击雷装置
CN108599129A (zh) * 2018-07-09 2018-09-28 王雪燕 一种自耗能型线路综合防雷装置

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