WO2020011037A1 - 晃撞即开式摩擦隔震装置 - Google Patents

晃撞即开式摩擦隔震装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020011037A1
WO2020011037A1 PCT/CN2019/093938 CN2019093938W WO2020011037A1 WO 2020011037 A1 WO2020011037 A1 WO 2020011037A1 CN 2019093938 W CN2019093938 W CN 2019093938W WO 2020011037 A1 WO2020011037 A1 WO 2020011037A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cover plate
sleeve
friction material
lower cover
friction
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PCT/CN2019/093938
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陆科
陆寿仙
王玉莲
陆昕盈
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陆科
陆寿仙
王玉莲
陆昕盈
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Application filed by 陆科, 陆寿仙, 王玉莲, 陆昕盈 filed Critical 陆科
Priority to JP2021524088A priority Critical patent/JP2021532294A/ja
Publication of WO2020011037A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020011037A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D19/00—Structural or constructional details of bridges
    • E01D19/04—Bearings; Hinges
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/92—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers
    • E04B1/98—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers against vibrations or shocks; against mechanical destruction, e.g. by air-raids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F7/00—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers
    • F16F7/08—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers with friction surfaces rectilinearly movable along each other
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/30—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium with solid or semi-solid material, e.g. pasty masses, as damping medium

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a sloshing and opening type friction vibration isolation device, and belongs to the technical field of vibration isolation.
  • Disasters caused by a strong earthquake are mainly caused by its horizontal seismic wave (horizontal vibration), that is, horizontal acceleration. Therefore, it is stipulated that when the horizontal acceleration reaches 0.1g, the seismic intensity (degree of damage) is 7 °.
  • the main method currently used is to isolate earthquakes.
  • the friction coefficient of the currently used devices becomes larger due to the long-term weight and static pressure of the friction surface. When the earthquake occurs, the friction surface cannot be opened in time, resulting in weakening of the isolation performance. Or failure.
  • the object of the present invention is to propose a slamming instant open friction isolation device, which can respond sensitively, open the friction surface in a timely and reliable manner, and cause relative sliding between the upper structure and the foundation.
  • the horizontal shear force and overturning moment that can cause the superstructure to break or fall cannot be generated, so as to achieve the purpose of protecting the superstructure.
  • the sloshing and open friction isolation device comprises a lower cover plate, a hollow friction material sleeve is placed above the lower cover plate, and a friction material is laid above the lower cover plate in the friction material sleeve. From the bottom to the top of the friction material, a lower pad, a sloshing pressure block and an upper pad are placed in order. The upper surface of the upper pad is fixedly connected with an upper cover plate, and the bottom surface of the upper cover plate is fixedly connected with a hollow impact sleeve. It is sleeved on the outside of the friction material sleeve, and the bottom end of the impact sleeve is not in contact with the lower cover plate.
  • the upper surface of the lower cover plate is fixed with a lower seal steel ring, which is sleeved on the outside of the impact sleeve and the upper end of the lower seal steel ring.
  • a seal ring is arranged between the bottom surface of the upper cover plate and the lower seal steel ring and the seal ring between the upper cover plate and the lower cover plate.
  • the upper end face and the lower end face of the sloshing pressure block are spherical or subspherical surfaces with a large curvature radius, and both sides of the sloshing pressure block and the friction material sleeve have gaps.
  • the friction material sleeve that vibrates with the lower cover plate will definitely The impact sleeve impacts, because the impact sleeve is rigidly connected to the upper cover plate, the impact of the friction material sleeve and the impact sleeve can generate sufficient impact force, and this impact force immediately causes the friction surface between the lower cover plate and the friction material When it is opened, the relative sliding occurs between the lower cover and the friction material, thereby generating the effect of friction isolation.
  • the shaking degree of the lower cover plate increased, and the seal ring provided between the upper cover plate and the lower seal steel ring was torn, so the movement of the lower cover plate is not correct for the upper cover plate and the upper cover plate.
  • the above upper structure has an impact; for the same reason, the impact of the bottom end of the casing does not contact the lower cover, and the movement of the lower cover will not affect the upper cover and the upper structure above the upper cover.
  • the area enclosed by the seal ring and the lower seal steel ring between the upper cover plate and the lower cover plate is filled with grease, which can prevent the internal structure from rusting and also acts as a lubricant.
  • the friction material is a composite material of flexible graphite and polytetrafluoroethylene.
  • the number of sloshing pressure blocks can be one or more.
  • an annular compression spring is added between the friction material sleeve and the upper cover plate, the diameter of the upper portion of the friction material sleeve becomes smaller and has a step shape, and the bottom end of the annular compression spring is pressed against the shaft shoulder on the outer periphery of the friction material sleeve.
  • the top is pressed against the lower bottom surface of the upper cover plate, which can ensure that the friction material sleeve does not come into contact with the upper cover plate, but always contacts the upper surface of the lower cover plate, so that the friction material will not run out of the friction material sleeve.
  • the outer periphery of the impact sleeve is provided with a reset conical coil spring
  • the outer periphery of the large circle at the bottom end of the reset cone spiral spring is fixedly connected to the lower sealing steel ring
  • the inner wall of the top small ring is loosely sleeved with the impact sleeve.
  • the impact sleeve and the upper cover can be reset by relying on the elastic force of the reset conical coil spring, and restored to the position where the reset conical coil spring and the impact sleeve are substantially concentric to achieve the purpose of automatic reset.
  • an anti-collision elastic ring is provided above the reset conical coil spring, and is close to the outer wall of the impact sleeve.
  • the seismic wave When the seismic wave is large, it prevents the hard cover from colliding with the impact sleeve when the range of the lower cover is too large, which damages the entire device, and the anti-collision elastic ring acts as a buffer.
  • the sealing ring is a lead product, which can play a better sealing role in the absence of an earthquake, and isolate the internal structure from gas to prevent the internal structure from oxidizing and rusting.
  • the activity of the lower cover plate is also relatively low. It is easy to tear, and the connection between the upper cover and the lower cover is disconnected in time to ensure that the activities of the lower cover do not affect the upper cover and the upper structure above the upper cover.
  • a bottom reinforcing plate is added to the bottom surface of the lower cover plate to prevent deformation of the lower cover plate, and the reinforcing plate is embedded in the lower ring beam, and functions as an anchor bolt to fix the lower cover plate.
  • the lower cover plate and the upper cover plate are shaped by a fixing bolt, and the fixing bolt is provided on the outer periphery of the seal ring and the lower seal steel ring.
  • the fixing bolt is provided on the outer periphery of the seal ring and the lower seal steel ring.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the structure design of the invention is reasonable, and can respond sensitively when an earthquake occurs, and timely open the friction surface between the lower cover plate and the friction material, and the relative movement between the upper cover plate and the lower cover plate, that is, the relative between the upper structure and the foundation Sliding, so the horizontal acceleration from the foundation can not generate the horizontal shear and overturning moment that can damage or topple the superstructure, to achieve the purpose of protecting the superstructure; and at the end of the earthquake, you can rely on the elastic force of the reset cone coil spring to make The impact sleeve and the upper cover are reset, returning to the position where the conical coil spring and the impact sleeve are basically concentric, and will continue to function when the next earthquake comes.
  • the anti-collision elastic ring prevents the lower cover from moving.
  • the range is too large, a hard collision with the impact sleeve will damage the entire device.
  • the device has good vibration isolation effect, low manufacturing cost, and usually requires no maintenance. It has anti-aging, high temperature resistance, high radiation resistance, water resistance, corrosion resistance, and rodent resistance.
  • Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of a sloshing and open friction isolation device.
  • the sloshing and open friction isolation device includes a lower cover plate 9, a hollow friction material sleeve 2 is placed above the lower cover plate 9, and a lower cover plate 9 inside the friction material sleeve 2.
  • a friction material 7 is laid on top, and a lower pad 8, an oscillating pressure block 1, and an upper pad 15 are placed in order from the bottom to the top of the friction material 7 in the friction material sleeve 2.
  • the top surface of the upper pad 15 is fixedly connected to the upper surface.
  • a hollow impact sleeve 3 is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the cover plate 16 and the upper cover plate 16.
  • the impact sleeve 3 is sleeved outside the friction material sleeve 2 and the bottom end of the impact sleeve 3 does not contact the lower cover plate 9; the lower cover plate 9
  • a lower seal steel ring 10 is fixed on the upper surface, and the lower seal steel ring 10 is sleeved on the outside of the impact sleeve 3.
  • a seal ring 11 is provided between the upper end of the lower seal steel ring 10 and the bottom surface of the upper cover plate 16; the upper cover plate 16
  • the area enclosed by the lower seal steel ring 10 and the seal ring 11 between the lower cover plate 9 and the seal ring 11 is filled with grease 12.
  • annular compression spring 14 is added between the friction material sleeve 2 and the upper cover plate 16, the upper diameter of the friction material sleeve 2 becomes smaller and has a step shape, and the bottom end of the annular compression spring 14 is against the friction material sleeve.
  • the top end bears on the lower bottom surface of the upper cover plate 16 to ensure that the friction material sleeve 2 will not come into contact with the upper cover plate 16 but always contact the upper surface of the lower cover plate 9 so that the friction material 7 will not run out of the friction material sleeve 2;
  • the outer periphery of the impact sleeve 3 is provided with a reset cone coil spring 13, the outer periphery of the bottom end of the reset cone coil spring 13 is fixedly connected to the lower sealing steel ring 10, and the inner wall of the top small ring It is loosely sleeved with the impact sleeve 3, and at the end of the earthquake, the impact sleeve 3 and the upper cover plate 16 can be reset by the elastic force of the reset cone coil spring 13 to return to the concentric position of the reset cone coil spring 13 and the impact sleeve 3.
  • the tube 3 has a hard collision, which damages the entire device, and the anti-collision elastic ring buffers 5
  • the sealing ring 11 is a lead product, which can play a better sealing role when there is no earthquake, to isolate the internal structure from gas and prevent the internal structure from oxidizing and rusting.
  • the lower cover plate 9 is buried flat with cement mortar with a higher number until it is solidified, and then a reinforced concrete upper ring beam is cast on top of the upper cover plate 16.
  • the fixing bolt 4 is the upper cover plate 16 during transportation and installation. It plays a pre-tightening and fixing role with the lower cover plate 9 to ensure that there is no large deviation when the two are installed. After the upper ring beam is solidified, it is cut off from the middle of the set bolt 4 to ensure that the upper cover plate 16 and the lower cover plate 9 There is no hard connection between them.
  • the upper and lower end faces of the pressure-bearing block 1 are spherical surfaces with a large curvature radius (that is, a plane with a small diameter is left at the center, which can significantly increase the bearing capacity), and both sides of the pressure-bearing block 1 and the friction material sleeve 2 are shaken. All have gaps.
  • the horizontal earthquake wave of a strong earthquake arrives, since the upper and lower end faces of the sloshing pressure block 1 are spherical or subspherical, it will immediately generate horizontal sloshing.
  • the foundation is basically horizontally shaken, and the upper structure is basically immobile.
  • the friction surface between the lower cover plate 9 and the friction material 7 has not been opened.
  • the amplitude of the shaking force of the shaking pressure block 1 also increases.
  • the material sleeve 2 will definitely collide with the impact sleeve 3. Since the impact sleeve 3 is rigidly connected to the upper cover plate 16, the impact of the friction material sleeve 2 and the impact sleeve 3 can generate sufficient impact force, and this impact force immediately
  • the friction surface between the lower cover plate 9 and the friction material 7 is opened, and a relative sliding occurs between the lower cover plate 9 and the friction material 7, thereby generating the effect of friction isolation.
  • the shaking degree of the lower cover plate 9 increases, and the lead seal ring 11 provided between the upper cover plate 16 and the lower seal steel ring 10 is torn, so the movement of the lower cover plate 9 is basically Does not affect the upper cover plate 16 and the upper structure above the upper cover plate 16; for the same reason, the impact of the bottom end of the sleeve 3 does not contact the lower cover plate 9 and the movement of the lower cover plate 9 will not affect the upper cover plate 16 and The upper structure above the upper cover plate 16 has an influence.
  • the friction material 7 is a composite material of flexible graphite and polytetrafluoroethylene.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
  • Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)
  • Vibration Dampers (AREA)
  • Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)

Abstract

一种晃撞即开式摩擦隔震装置，包括下盖板(9)，下盖板(9)上方放置有空心摩擦材料套管(2)，摩擦材料套管(2)内的下盖板(9)上方铺设有摩擦材料(7)，摩擦材料套管(2)内摩擦材料(7)上方由下到上依次放置有下垫板(8)、晃动承压块(1)和上垫板(15)，上垫板(15)顶面固定连接有上盖板(16)，上盖板(16)底面固定连接有中空撞击套管(3)，撞击套管(3)套于摩擦材料套管(2)外侧，并且撞击套管(3)底端与下盖板(9)不接触；下盖板(9)的上表面固定设有下密封钢圈(10)，下密封钢圈(10)套于撞击套管(3)外侧，下密封钢圈(10)上端与上盖板(16)的底面之间设有密封圈(11)；上盖板(16)和下盖板(9)之间的下密封钢圈(10)和密封圈(11)围成的区域和间隙内充满油脂(12)。该装置设计合理，地震发生时，能够灵敏反应，及时可靠地打开摩擦面，使上部结构与基础之间产生相对滑动，从而不产生使上部结构破坏的水平剪力和倾覆力矩。

Description

晃撞即开式摩擦隔震装置 技术领域
本发明涉及一种晃撞即开式摩擦隔震装置，属于隔震技术领域。
背景技术
强烈地震造成的灾害主要是由其水平地震波(水平震动)即水平加速度造成的，故人们规定，当水平加速度达0.1g时其地震烈度(破坏程度)为7°。要想消除地震灾害，就要设法消除地震水平加速度，与其与之对抗，不如将其隔除。目前用到的主要方法是将地震隔离，但是目前用到的装置由于摩擦面受到长期重、静压而导致其摩擦系数变大，地震发生时摩擦面不能够及时打开，从而引起隔震效能减弱或失效。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提出一种晃撞即开式摩擦隔震装置，该晃撞即开式摩擦隔震装置能够灵敏反应，及时可靠地打开摩擦面，使上部结构与基础之间产生相对滑动，产生不了能使上部结构破坏或倾倒的水平剪力和倾覆力矩，达到保护上部结构的目的。
本发明所述的晃撞即开式摩擦隔震装置，包括下盖板，下盖板上方放置有空心摩擦材料套管，摩擦材料套管内的下盖板上方铺设有摩擦材料，摩擦材料套管内摩擦材料上方由下到上依次放置有下垫板、晃动承压块和上垫板，上垫板顶面固定连接有上盖板，上盖板底面固定连接有中空撞击套管，撞击套管套于摩擦材料套管外侧，并且撞击套管底端与下盖板不接触；下盖板的上表面固定设有下密封钢圈，下密封钢圈套于撞击套管外侧，下密封钢圈上端与上盖板的底面之间设有密封圈；上盖板和下盖板之间的下密封钢圈和密封圈围成的区域和间隙内充满油脂。
晃动承压块的上端面和下端面为曲率半径很大的球面或亚球面，并且晃动承压块两侧与摩擦材料套管均具有缝隙。当强烈地震的水平地震波到达时，由于晃动承压块的上端面和下端面为球面或亚球面，它会立即产生水平晃动，此时实际为地基水平震动，而上部结构基本不动，此时下盖板与摩擦材料之间的摩擦面还没有打开，随着地震波的加大晃动承压块的晃动力度幅度亦随之加大，此时与下盖板一起震动的摩擦材料套管必将与撞击套管撞击，由于撞击套管与上盖板刚性连接，因此摩擦材料套管与撞击套管的撞击能够产生足够的冲击力，此冲击力立即将下盖板与摩擦材料之间的摩擦面打开，下盖 板与摩擦材料之间产生相对滑动，从而产生出摩擦隔震的效果。在地震波逐渐增大的过程中下盖板的晃动程度加大，设于上盖板与下密封钢圈之间的密封圈被撕裂，因此下盖板的活动不对上盖板及上盖板以上的上部结构带来影响；同理由于撞击套管底端与下盖板不接触，下盖板的活动也不会对上盖板及上盖板以上的上部结构带来影响。并且上盖板和下盖板之间的密封圈和下密封钢圈围成的区域和间隙内充满的油脂能够防止内部结构生锈，并且还起到润滑作用，一旦地震发生，此装置内部结构能够迅速做出反应，发挥隔震效果。摩擦材料为柔性石墨和聚四氟乙烯的复合材料。
实际应用时，晃动承压块的数量可以是一个或多个。
并且在组装此装置时，由于不同的工人有不同的操作手法，不需要保证摩擦材料套管与撞击套管之间的各处间隙相同，由于各装置的各处间隙不尽相同，最小间隙的必最先打开，这样便依各个击破的方式很快将所有节点打开，并且下盖板来回自由滑动，使得再大的地震能量(大于0.1g的水平加速度)，无法施加(传导)到上盖板以上的上部结构中，这样上部结构就产生不了过大的水平剪力和倾覆力矩，从而保证了上部结构的安全，并且地震烈度越高，其隔震效果越明显。
优选的，所述的摩擦材料套管与上盖板之间增设环形压紧弹簧，摩擦材料套管上部直径变小呈阶梯状，环形压紧弹簧底端顶于摩擦材料套管外周的轴肩处，顶端顶在上盖板的下底面，可保证摩擦材料套管不会上窜与上盖板接触，而是始终与下盖板上表面接触，使摩擦材料不会跑出摩擦材料套管。
优选的，所述的撞击套管外周套装有复位锥形螺旋弹簧，复位锥形螺旋弹簧的底端大圈外周与下密封钢圈固定连接，顶端小圈内壁与撞击套管松动套接。在震末，可以依靠复位锥形螺旋弹簧的弹力使撞击套管和上盖板复位，恢复至复位锥形螺旋弹簧与撞击套管基本同心的位置，达到自动复位的目的。
优选的，所述的在复位锥形螺旋弹簧上方，紧贴撞击套管外壁设有防撞弹性圈。在地震波较大时，防止下盖板活动范围过大时与撞击套管发生硬撞，而损坏整套装置，防撞弹性圈起缓冲作用。
优选的，所述的密封圈为铅制品，没有地震时可以起到较好的密封作用，使内部结构隔绝气体防止内部结构氧化生锈，当地震发生时，随着下盖板的活动也较容易撕裂，及时使上盖板与下盖板之间联系断开，保证下盖板的活动不影响上盖板以及上盖板以上 的上部结构。
优选的，所述的下盖板底面增设底部加强板，防止下盖板变形，加强板埋入下圈梁之中，起到地脚螺栓的作用，固定下盖板。
优选的，所述的下盖板与上盖板之间通过定形螺栓定形，定形螺栓设于密封圈和下密封钢圈的外周。安装此装置时，根据建筑物上部结构的重量和节点的分布，选择对应的型号和数量的本隔震装置，各装置基本处于同一水平面即可，但对个体的隔震装置则严格要求水平按放，用标号较高的水泥砂浆将下盖板埋平待其凝固好后，再在其上盖板之上现浇钢筋混凝土上圈梁，定形螺栓就是在组装时对上盖板和下盖板起到一个预紧固定作用，保证两者安装时不出现较大偏差，当上圈梁凝固好后，从定形螺栓中间截断，保证上盖板与下盖板之间没有固定连接。
本发明与现有技术相比所具有的有益效果是：
本发明结构设计合理，在地震发生时，能够灵敏反应，及时打开下盖板与摩擦材料之间的摩擦面，上盖板与下盖板之间相对运动，即上部结构与基础之间产生相对滑动，因此由基础传来的地震水平加速度产生不了能使上部结构破坏或倾倒的水平剪力和倾覆力矩，达到保护上部结构的目的；并且在震末，可以依靠复位锥形螺旋弹簧的弹力使撞击套管和上盖板复位，恢复至复位锥形螺旋弹簧与撞击套管基本同心的位置，等下次地震来临时继续发挥作用，同时地震波较大时，防撞弹性圈防止下盖板活动范围过大时与撞击套管发生硬撞，损坏整套装置；本装置隔震效果好，制造成本低，平时不需保养维护，具有防老化、防高温、防高辐射、防水、防腐、防鼠咬的优点，并且承压能力大且沉降量小，安装使用方便，适用范围广，自动复位性能好；并且如果串联使用可实现“大震化小，小震化了”，达到隔除大震的更高要求。
附图说明
图1、晃撞即开式摩擦隔震装置结构示意图。
图中：1、晃动承压块；2、摩擦材料套管；3、撞击套管；4、定形螺栓；5、防撞弹性圈；6、底部加强板；7、摩擦材料；8、下垫板；9、下盖板；10、下密封钢圈；11、密封圈；12、油脂；13、复位锥形螺旋弹簧；14、环形压紧弹簧；15、上垫板；16、上盖板。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步描述：
如图1，本发明所述的晃撞即开式摩擦隔震装置，包括下盖板9，下盖板9上方放置有空心摩擦材料套管2，摩擦材料套管2内的下盖板9上方铺设有摩擦材料7，摩擦材料套管2内摩擦材料7上方由下到上依次放置有下垫板8、晃动承压块1和上垫板15，上垫板15顶面固定连接有上盖板16，上盖板16底面固定连接有中空撞击套管3，撞击套管3套于摩擦材料套管2外侧，并且撞击套管3底端与下盖板9不接触；下盖板9的上表面固定设有下密封钢圈10，下密封钢圈10套于撞击套管3外侧，下密封钢圈10上端与上盖板16的底面之间设有密封圈11；上盖板16和下盖板9之间的下密封钢圈10和密封圈11围成的区域和间隙内充满油脂12。
本实施例中：摩擦材料套管2与上盖板16之间增设环形压紧弹簧14，摩擦材料套管2上部直径变小呈阶梯状，环形压紧弹簧14底端顶于摩擦材料套管2外周的轴肩处，顶端顶在上盖板16的下底面，保证摩擦材料套管2不会上窜与上盖板16接触，而是始终与下盖板9上表面接触，使摩擦材料7不会跑出摩擦材料套管2；撞击套管3外周套装有复位锥形螺旋弹簧13，复位锥形螺旋弹簧13的底端大圈外周与下密封钢圈10固定连接，顶端小圈内壁与撞击套管3松动套接，在震末，可以依靠复位锥形螺旋弹簧13的弹力使撞击套管3和上盖板16复位，恢复至复位锥形螺旋弹簧13与撞击套管3同心位置；在复位锥形螺旋弹簧13上方，紧贴撞击套管3外壁设有防撞弹性圈5，在地震波较大时，防止下盖板9活动范围过大时使下密封钢圈10与撞击套管3发生硬撞，损坏整套装置，防撞弹性圈5起缓冲作用；密封圈11为铅制品，没有地震时可以起到较好的密封作用，使内部结构隔绝气体防止内部结构氧化生锈，当地震发生时，随着下盖板9的活动也较容易撕裂，及时使上盖板16与下盖板9之间联系断开，保证下盖板9的活动不影响上盖板16以及上盖板16以上的上部结构；下盖板9底面增设底部加强板6，防止下盖板9变形，加强板埋入下圈梁之中，起到地脚螺栓的作用，固定下盖板9；下盖板9与上盖板16之间通过定形螺栓4定形，定形螺栓4设于密封圈11和下密封钢圈10的外周，当安装完成后，从定形螺栓4中间截断，保证上盖板16与下盖板9之间没有固定连接，保留下来的上下螺栓可兼起上下盖板9的地脚螺栓的作用。
安装时，根据建筑物上部结构的重量和节点的分布，选择对应的型号和数量的本隔震装置，各装置基本处于同一水平面即可，但对个体的隔震装置则严格要求水平按放， 用标号较高的水泥砂浆将下盖板9埋平待其凝固好后，再在其上盖板16之上现浇钢筋混凝土上圈梁，定形螺栓4就是在运输安装时对上盖板16和下盖板9起到一个预紧固定作用，保证两者安装时不出现较大偏差，当上圈梁凝固好后，从定形螺栓4中间截断，保证上盖板16与下盖板9之间没有硬性连接关系。
晃动承压块1的上端面和下端面为曲率半径很大的球面(即中心留有直径不大的平面，可显著增加承载能力)，并且晃动承压块1两侧与摩擦材料套管2均具有缝隙。当强烈地震的水平地震波到达时，由于晃动承压块1的上端面和下端面为球面或亚球面，它会立即产生水平晃动，此时实际为地基水平震动，而上部结构基本不动，此时下盖板9与摩擦材料7之间的摩擦面还没有打开，随着地震波的加大，晃动承压块1的晃动力度幅度亦随之加大，此时与下盖板9一起震动的摩擦材料套管2必将与撞击套管3撞击，由于撞击套管3与上盖板16刚性连接，因此摩擦材料套管2与撞击套管3的撞击能够产生足够的冲击力，此冲击力立即将下盖板9与摩擦材料7之间的摩擦面打开，下盖板9与摩擦材料7之间产生相对滑动，从而产生出摩擦隔震的效果。在地震波逐渐增大的过程中下盖板9的晃动程度加大，设于上盖板16与下密封钢圈10之间的铅制密封圈11被撕裂，因此下盖板9的活动基本不对上盖板16及上盖板16以上的上部结构带来影响；同理由于撞击套管3底端与下盖板9不接触，下盖板9的活动也不会对上盖板16及上盖板16以上的上部结构带来影响。并且上盖板16和下盖板9之间的下密封钢圈10和密封圈11围成的区域和间隙内充满的油脂12能够防止内部结构生锈，并且还起到润滑作用，一旦地震发生，此装置内部结构能够迅速做出反应，发挥隔震效果。摩擦材料7为柔性石墨和聚四氟乙烯的复合材料。
并且在组装此装置时，由于不同的工人有不同的操作手法，不需要保证摩擦材料套管2与撞击套管3之间的各处间隙相同，由于各装置的各处间隙不尽相同，最小间隙的必最先打开，这样便依各个击破的方式很快将所有节点打开，并且下盖板9来回自由滑动，使得再大的地震能量大于0.1g的水平加速度，无法施加传导到上盖板16以上的上部结构中，这样上部结构就产生不了过大的水平剪力和倾覆力矩，从而保证了上部结构的安全，并且地震烈度越高，其隔震效果越明显。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种晃撞即开式摩擦隔震装置，其特征在于：包括下盖板(9)，下盖板(9)上方放置有空心摩擦材料套管(2)，摩擦材料套管(2)内的下盖板(9)上方铺设有摩擦材料(7)，摩擦材料套管(2)内摩擦材料(7)上方由下到上依次放置有下垫板(8)、晃动承压块(1)和上垫板(15)，上垫板(15)顶面固定连接有上盖板(16)，上盖板(16)底面固定连接有中空撞击套管(3)，撞击套管(3)套于摩擦材料套管(2)外侧，并且撞击套管(3)底端与下盖板(9)不接触；下盖板(9)的上表面固定设有下密封钢圈(10)，下密封钢圈(10)套于撞击套管(3)外侧，下密封钢圈(10)上端与上盖板(16)的底面之间设有密封圈(11)；上盖板(16)和下盖板(9)之间的下密封钢圈(10)和密封圈(11)围成的区域和间隙内充满油脂(12)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的晃撞即开式摩擦隔震装置，其特征在于：摩擦材料套管(2)与上盖板(16)之间增设环形压紧弹簧(14)，摩擦材料套管(2)上部直径变小呈阶梯状，环形压紧弹簧(14)底端顶于摩擦材料套管(2)外周的轴肩处，顶端顶在上盖板(16)的下底面。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的晃撞即开式摩擦隔震装置，其特征在于：撞击套管(3)外周套装有复位锥形螺旋弹簧(13)，复位锥形螺旋弹簧(13)的底端大圈外周与下密封钢圈(10)固定连接，顶端小圈内壁与撞击套管(3)松动套接。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的晃撞即开式摩擦隔震装置，其特征在于：在复位锥形螺旋弹簧(13)上方，紧贴撞击套管(3)外壁设有防撞弹性圈(5)。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的晃撞即开式摩擦隔震装置，其特征在于：密封圈(11)为铅制品。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的晃撞即开式摩擦隔震装置，其特征在于：下盖板(9)底面增设底部加强板(6)。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的晃撞即开式摩擦隔震装置，其特征在于：下盖板(9)与上盖板(16)之间通过定形螺栓(4)定形，定形螺栓(4)设于下密封钢圈(10)的外周。
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