WO2020010529A1 - 一种绿色生态边坡一体化加固方法 - Google Patents

一种绿色生态边坡一体化加固方法 Download PDF

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WO2020010529A1
WO2020010529A1 PCT/CN2018/095196 CN2018095196W WO2020010529A1 WO 2020010529 A1 WO2020010529 A1 WO 2020010529A1 CN 2018095196 W CN2018095196 W CN 2018095196W WO 2020010529 A1 WO2020010529 A1 WO 2020010529A1
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Prior art keywords
slope
vegetation
green
water
ecological
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PCT/CN2018/095196
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘汉龙
丁选明
王成龙
华建民
彭宇
谢强
肖杨
周航
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重庆大学产业技术研究院
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Publication of WO2020010529A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020010529A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
    • E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
    • A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
    • A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
    • A01G9/0293—Seed or shoot receptacles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C04B28/04—Portland cements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
    • E02D5/76—Anchorings for bulkheads or sections thereof in as much as specially adapted therefor

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of rock and soil slope protection, and particularly relates to a green ecological slope integrated reinforcement method.
  • the exposed stone or soil slopes are extremely inconsistent with the surrounding green mountains, which affects the appearance; if the slopes of road engineering are not well protected by greening, it will also cause the driver's visual fatigue and bring about Psychological depression. Therefore, the protection and greening of the slope are related to the safety and comfort of the line engineering.
  • shotcrete support was a common method of slope protection.
  • high-pressure sprayed cement concrete and metal anchors driven into the rock formation are used to reinforce the slope rock mass.
  • the anchor rod, the concrete spray layer and the surrounding rock form a common system to prevent the rock mass from loosening and separating.
  • the rock mass is relatively broken, the small rock blocks between the anchor bolts can be pulled by the wire mesh to assist shotcrete support.
  • the disadvantages of the traditional spray anchor support are: using ordinary cement concrete, the slope is gray after spraying, which is inconsistent with the green of the vegetation around the slope; and it is difficult to grow vegetation on the surface of the concrete material, which easily causes visual aesthetic fatigue.
  • One method is to directly spray green paint on the slope instead of vegetation.
  • the color of the spray paint is relatively single, which is greatly different from the visual effect of ecological vegetation.
  • the paint is easy to age, has certain toxicity, and is harmful to the ecological environment.
  • Another method is to spray a mixture of seeds, pulp fibers, fertilizers, and binders on the slope to achieve slope greening.
  • the actual results show that the thickness of the sprayed layer is limited and the spraying causes waste of a large amount of seeds and other substances that aid growth; as time goes by, the strength of the binder will decrease, and water-soluble fertilizers will also follow the rain.
  • spray slope protection method is high in cost and unsatisfactory.
  • slope greening and drainage are separated. Growing plants and nutrient soils increase the load on the slope surface, and nutrient soils also occupy a large amount of slope clearance.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide an integrated method for reinforcing green ecological slopes, which is characterized by including the following technical steps:
  • the ecological vegetation hole is an upwardly inclined hole.
  • the drainage hole is a downwardly inclined hole. That is, the axis of the drainage hole is inclined downward.
  • An anchor rod or an anchor is inserted into the anchor hole.
  • One end of the anchor rod or anchor is embedded in the rock, and the other end protrudes from the slope surface to facilitate subsequent hanging of the net.
  • the position of the anchoring section in the anchoring hole is filled with expanded concrete mortar.
  • Both ends of the vegetation growth tube are open, one end is a bottom of the tube inserted into the hole of the ecological vegetation, and the other end is a mouth opening exposed to the outside.
  • the bottom end surface of the vegetation growth tube is a plane, that is, the bottom end surface of the tube is perpendicular to the tube diameter.
  • the end face of the nozzle of the vegetation growth tube is an inclined surface. After the vegetation growth tube is inserted into the ecological vegetation hole, the vegetation growth tube is tilted as a whole, and the end face of the nozzle is parallel to the horizontal plane.
  • the vegetation growth tube is filled with cement slurry and is firmly embedded in the slope.
  • the vegetation growth tube is put into an inlet and outlet water pipe.
  • the water inlet and outlet pipes lean against the wall of the vegetation growing pipe at an angle. After the water inlet and outlet pipes are placed, an anti-filtration layer is arranged at the bottom of the vegetation growth pipe.
  • the vegetation growing pipe is a non-metal rigid pipe such as a PVC material or an FRP material that is made of anticorrosive material.
  • the vegetation growth tubes are arranged in a uniform plum shape on the support net on the slope surface.
  • the small-sized water inlet and outlet pipe placed under the wall of the vegetation growth pipe is a hard material pipe with perforations in the side wall, which is inserted into the reverse filter layer, and a filter plug is provided at the nozzle of the reverse filter layer.
  • the provided reverse filter layer can be set as a unidirectional reverse filter layer or a bidirectional reverse filter layer according to the main direction of the water flow in the vegetation growth tube.
  • the support net is a FRP material net that is not easily degraded.
  • the roots or seeds of green plants are resistant to flooding in a water-rich environment, and the corresponding green plants cover a large area.
  • inlet and outlet pipes can be used to save water and prevent water evaporation, and drip irrigation can reach the roots or seeds of plants.
  • the present invention realizes the integration of slope drainage, reinforcement, and greening, and its technical effects are undoubted.
  • the advantages and effects are:
  • One end of the plant growth container is inserted into the slope, naturally absorbing the water inside the slope, and promoting plant growth.
  • Planting slope plants with vegetation growth pipes that extend into the slope without rusting improves the utilization efficiency of nutrient soil, the load on the slope surface is greatly reduced, and the headroom is greater; ecological vegetation holes can replace some slope drainage holes , Improving the efficiency of holes and space.
  • the inside of the vegetation growth tube is equipped with a dual-use rigid filter tube for infiltration and inflow and outflow.
  • the combination of slope drainage and self-supplied water for plant growth can effectively prevent nutrient loss, rain and drought, and enhance the application of plant culture systems. Performance and durability.
  • FIG. 1 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a sectional view of the position of Figs. 1A-A;
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a vegetation growth tube.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the interaction between the expansive concrete mortar and the anchor rod.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the inlet and outlet pipes.
  • slope body (1) slope body (1), support net (2), anchor point (3), vegetation growth tube (4), drainage hole (5), green cement mortar (6), plant seedlings (7), anchor Rod or anchor (8), plant seeds (9), nutrient soil (10), tube cover (11), water inlet and outlet pipes (12), reverse filter layer (13), expanded concrete mortar (14), pipe wall hole ( 15).
  • slope body 1 Manually clean the surface of slope body 1 and remove loose rock, soil and debris from the slope surface to make it smooth.
  • the method of hanging line positioning can be used to ensure that the slope surface is relatively flat.
  • the ecological vegetation hole is an upwardly inclined hole. That is, the axis of the ecological vegetation hole is inclined upward, the inclination angle is generally 30 ° to 60 °, the aperture is 10 to 15 cm, and the depth of the embedded slope is 8 to 15 cm.
  • the drainage hole 5 is a downwardly inclined hole. That is, the axis of the drainage hole 5 is inclined downward,
  • the number, shape, size and arrangement of the reinforcement or anchor holes, drainage holes 5 and water-absorbing ecological vegetation holes are determined according to design requirements.
  • An anchor rod or anchor 8 is inserted into the anchor hole.
  • One end of the anchor rod or anchor 8 is embedded in the rock, and the other end protrudes from the slope surface to facilitate subsequent hanging of the net.
  • the position of the anchoring section in the anchoring hole is filled with expanded concrete mortar 14.
  • the vegetation growth tube 4 is open at both ends, one end is a bottom of the tube inserted into the hole of the ecological vegetation, and the other end is a mouth opening exposed to the outside.
  • the size of the vegetation growth tube 4 is matched with the ecological vegetation hole.
  • the end surface of the tube bottom of the vegetation growth tube 4 is a plane, that is, the end surface of the tube bottom is perpendicular to the tube diameter.
  • the end face of the nozzle of the vegetation growth tube 4 is an inclined surface. After the vegetation growth tube 4 is inserted into the ecological vegetation hole, the vegetation growth tube 4 is tilted as a whole, and the end face of the nozzle is parallel to the horizontal plane. The vegetation growth tube 4 is filled with cement slurry and is firmly embedded in the slope.
  • the vegetation growth tube 4 is put into the water inlet and outlet pipe 12.
  • the water inlet and outlet pipes 12 lean against the wall of the vegetation growth pipe 4 obliquely.
  • an anti-filtration layer 13 is provided on the bottom of the vegetation growth pipe 4.
  • the required materials are prepared and delivered to the site before construction.
  • the number, shape, size, and arrangement of the boreholes on the slope surface are determined according to the design needs; the boreholes are drilled on the surface of the slope 1, and the holes are divided into slope reinforcement or anchor holes, drainage holes 5, and the water-absorbing type in the present invention.
  • the ecological vegetation hole in the present invention is an upwardly inclined hole. The inclination angle is 30 ° -60 °, the hole diameter is 10-15cm, and the embedded slope depth is 8-15cm.
  • the drainage hole 5 is located at the bottom of the slope, with a hole diameter of 5-10cm, a positive inclination angle of 5-15 °, and is embedded in the slope body.
  • the slope reinforcement or anchoring hole penetrates into the stable rock layer inside the rock mass, and is inserted into the anchor rod 8 after drilling.
  • Figure 4 mixing water, sand, Portland cement, and type II concrete expansion agent in proportion to obtain expanded concrete mortar 14, and the anchoring end of the anchor rod 8 is filled with expanded concrete mortar, compared with general cement. Expansion occurs during the hardening process of mortar and expansive concrete mortar. On the one hand, it fully fills the internal cracks in the rock and acts as a water-blocking effect on the anchor rod 8 to help prevent the anchor rod 8 from corroding.
  • the squeezing effect of the body and the anchor rod 8, the frictional resistance between the anchor rod 8 and the drill hole is greater, which can provide greater tensile force.
  • a non-deteriorating FRP material net is adopted as the protective net 2 and laid on the slope surface.
  • the protective net 2 and the anchor rod 8 or the anchor are fixed at the position of the anchoring point 3, and can be fixed by wire binding.
  • the grid shape may be square or rectangular, and a network line is added in the diagonal direction of the square or rectangle to make the structure more stable.
  • the protective net 2 uses FRP material instead of the steel wire mesh, which can avoid the problem of corrosion of the steel wire mesh.
  • non-metal hard pipes such as PVC or FRP are used to produce the vegetation growth tubes 4 inserted into the ecological vegetation holes in batches.
  • the vegetation growth tubes 4 are open at the upper and lower ends, and the size is matched with the ecological vegetation holes.
  • the bottom port of the tube is perpendicular to the diameter of the tube; after the tube axis is placed in accordance with the inclination angle of the ecological vegetation hole, the top port of the vegetation growth tube is exactly parallel to the horizontal plane, and the vegetation growth tube is arranged in a uniform plum shape on the support net on the slope surface.
  • the ecological vegetation hole part also has the function of drainage holes, which can reduce the number of drainage holes.
  • small-sized inlet and outlet pipes can be used to save water and prevent water Evaporate, drip irrigation directly to plant roots or seeds (indicated by solid arrows).
  • the inside of the vegetation growth tube 4 is filled with nutrient soil 10, and the nutrient soil is mixed with vines or leafy plant seeds or plant roots 9 which cover the slope after the growth, and the nutrient soil is cultivated soil, which is a plant. Grow enough nutrients.
  • the cultivated plants When used on slopes with a large water content throughout the year, the cultivated plants should be water resistant, and the bottom of the nutrient soil can also be set as a one-way anti-filtration layer or a two-way anti-filtration layer according to the main direction of the water flow in the vegetation growth tube.
  • the water inlet and outlet pipe 12 is inserted into the reverse filter layer, and a filter plug is provided at the nozzle of the reverse filter layer.
  • the horizontal opening at the upper part of the container tube is sealed with a tube cover 11.
  • the environment-friendly iron oxide green, iron oxide black, ordinary portland cement, medium-fine sand, and water are used to mix the dark green cement mortar 6 and spray the green cement mortar 6 to the slope surface to make the cement
  • the mortar covers the support net and the surface of the vegetation growth tube on the entire slope surface, so that the support net, the slope, and the vegetation growth tube are bonded into a whole, and the entire slope is dark green.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

一种绿色生态边坡一体化加固方法，包括以下技术步骤:在边坡（1）上钻孔埋设锚杆或锚钉（8），并用膨胀水泥砂浆（14）加固；钻入吸水式生态植被孔；在锚杆或锚钉（8）在边坡上的预留段上挂FRP支护网（2），并通过锚杆或锚钉（8）固定在边坡上；将制作好的植物容器管（4）插入吸水式生态植被孔中,充填营养土（10）、植物种子或根系；配置墨绿色水泥砂浆，并喷射覆盖整个边坡表面；天然降雨或通过人工给水使土体里面的植物根系或种子发芽、生长，最终形成绿色生态的边坡。该方法减轻了边坡面负重，增大了边坡面净空，边坡孔洞利用效率提高，获得了环保、适用性、牢固性、耐久性明显提高的绿色防护体系，实现了边坡排水、加固、绿化一体化。

Description

一种绿色生态边坡一体化加固方法 技术领域
本发明属于岩土边坡防护技术领域，特别涉及一种绿色生态边坡一体化加固方法。
背景技术
随着西部大开发战略的实施，我国西部地区工程建设正飞速发展，如高速铁路、高速公路、高库大坝等。我国西部地区多为山区，覆盖土层较浅，大量的工程建设使土石方边坡的开挖破坏了原有的植被覆盖，造成大量岩石边坡的裸露。岩石边坡长期裸露在空气中，经过长时间的暴晒、雨水冲刷等因素循环作用，使岩石风化，可能造成岩石，碎石岩屑发生跌落，对线路工程中过往的人员及交通工具造成伤害，导致边坡安全度降低。同时，裸露的石质或土质边坡与周边绿色的山体颜色极不协调，影响美观；若在公路工程的边坡中，边坡绿化防护不佳，也会造成驾驶员的视觉疲劳，带来心理上的压抑感。因此，边坡的防护与绿化关系着线路工程的安全度与使用的舒适性。
在本发明之前，喷锚支护是一种边坡防护的常用方法。一般借用高压喷射水泥混凝土和打入岩层中的金属锚杆来加固边坡岩体。使锚杆、混凝土喷层和围岩形成共同作用的体系，防止岩体松动、分离。当岩体比较破碎时，可利用丝网拉挡锚杆之间的小岩块，辅助喷锚支护。但传统的喷锚支护的缺点在于：采用普通水泥混凝土，喷射后边坡呈灰色，与边坡周围植被的绿色不协调；且混凝土材料表面难以生长植被，容易引起视觉上的审美疲劳。基于传统喷锚支护的边坡难以生长植物绿化的现状，技术人员主要提出了两种方法。一种方法为边坡上直接喷涂绿色油漆来替代植被，然而喷涂油漆的色彩较单一，与生态植被的视觉效果相差较大，且油漆容易老化，具有一定毒性，对生态环境具有危害。另一种方法为向边坡喷洒种子、纸浆纤维、肥料及粘结剂等混合物来实现边坡的绿化。然而，实际效果表明，该方法喷涂层的厚度有限、喷洒造成了大量种子及辅助生长的其它物质的浪费；随时间的增长，粘结剂的强度会发生降低、水溶性的肥料也随着雨水而流失，喷洒护坡法成本高，质量不理想。此外，传统方法中，边坡绿化与排水相分离，生长的植物 及营养土增大了边坡面负重，营养土也大量占用边坡净空面积。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种绿色生态边坡一体化加固方法，其特征在于，包括以下技术步骤:
1〕人工清理边坡体表面，使其平整。
2〕在边坡体表面打入若干加固或锚固孔、排水孔、吸水式生态植被孔。
所述生态植被孔为向上反倾孔。
所述排水孔是下倾孔。即排水孔的轴线是向下倾斜的。
3〕所述锚固孔内插入锚杆或锚钉，锚杆或锚钉一端嵌固在岩石内部，另一端伸出边坡表面，便于后续挂网。锚固孔内锚固段位置灌满膨胀混凝土砂浆。
4〕利用锚杆或锚钉伸出边坡段作为支护网结点，悬挂支护网。
5〕制作插入所述生态植被孔的植被生长管。
所述植被生长管两端均开口，一端为插入生态植被孔的管底、另一端为露在外部的管口。所述植被生长管的管底端面为平面，即管底端面与管径垂直。
所述植被生长管的管口端面为斜面。在所述植被生长管插入生态植被孔后，植被生长管整体倾斜，其管口端面平行于水平面。植被生长管周围灌满水泥浆，牢固嵌入边坡中。
6〕所述植被生长管放入进出水管。所述进出水管倾斜地靠在植被生长管的管壁。在放入进出水管后，于植被生长管底部设置反滤层。
7〕将植物种子或植物根系和入营养土后，充填进植被生长管内。植被生长管的上端管口采用管盖封堵。
8〕配置墨绿色水泥砂浆，并将绿色水泥砂浆喷射到边坡表面，使水泥砂浆覆盖整个边坡表面的支护网以及植被生长管的表面。
9〕去掉植被生长管上端管盖，利用天然降雨或人工给水润湿营养土，待土体内植物根系或种子发芽、生长。
进一步，生态植被孔中植物生长的水分部分由岩石裂缝渗入补给，边坡内过多水分借助进出水管渗出边坡，植物生长自给水与边坡排水相结合。
进一步，锚杆锚固段发挥防渗腐及增大承载力作用的膨胀混凝土砂浆的配比为：
Figure PCTCN2018095196-appb-000001
进一步，所述植被生长管为制作材料是防腐劣化的PVC材料或FRP材料等非金属硬质管。
进一步，植被生长管在边坡表面的支护网上呈均匀分布的梅花形排列。
进一步，植被生长管壁下侧放入的小尺寸进出水管为侧壁具有孔眼的硬质材料管，插入反滤层中，并在反滤层位置的管口处设置过滤塞。
进一步，设置的反滤层可依据水流在植被生长管中水流往返的主方向设置成单向反滤层或双向反滤层。
进一步，支护网为不易劣化的FRP材料网。
进一步，所述墨绿色水泥砂浆配比是
Figure PCTCN2018095196-appb-000002
进一步，绿色植物根系或种子在在富水环境下是耐淹的,对应的绿色植物体覆盖面积大。
在干旱地区或干旱季节人工给水润湿营养土时，可以利用小尺寸进出水管节水与防止水分蒸发，滴灌直达植物根系或种子。
本发明实现了边坡排水、加固、绿化一体化，其技术效果是毋庸置疑的，优点和效果在于：
(1)植物生长容器的一端插入到坡体中，自然吸收了坡体里面的水分，促进植物生长。
(2)采用不含污染材料且耐老化的绿色喷锚支护系统和植物繁殖生长系统这两个系统，二者相辅相承、形成了环保、适用性强的 绿色防护体系。
(3)锚杆与围岩间灌满膨胀混凝土砂浆，进一步提高了锚杆的耐锈蚀能力及锚固力，兼具挂网节点的锚杆伸出端采用网格对角线强化的FRP材料网代替易锈蚀钢丝网，防护体系牢固性、耐久性提高。
(4)采用伸入边坡且不会锈蚀的植被生长管培植边坡植物，提高了营养土的利用效率，边坡面负重大幅减少，净空更大；生态植被孔可代替部分边坡排水孔，提高了孔洞、空间利用效率。
(5)植被生长管内部设置了反滤层及进出水两用硬质管，边坡排水与植物生长自给水相结合，可有效防止营养土流失，雨旱兼用，增强了植物培养体系的适用性、耐久性。
附图说明
图1为本发明三维示意图；
图2为图1A-A位置剖面图；
图3为植被生长管示意图。
图4为膨胀混凝土砂浆与锚杆间作用示意图。
图5为进出水管工作原理示意图。
图中：边坡体(1)、支护网(2)、锚固点(3)、植被生长管(4)、排水孔(5)、绿色水泥砂浆(6)、植物幼苗(7)、锚杆或锚钉(8)、植物种子(9)、营养土(10)、管盖(11)、进出水管(12)、反滤层(13)、膨胀混凝土砂浆(14)、管壁孔(15)。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明，但不应该理解为本发明上述主题范围仅限于下述实施例。在不脱离本发明上述技术思想的情况下，根据本领域普通技术知识和惯用手段，做出各种替换和变更，均应包括在本发明的保护范围内。
实施例1：
一种绿色生态边坡一体化加固方法，其特征在于，包括以下技术步骤:
1〕人工清理边坡体1表面，清除边坡表面松动岩土体及杂物，使其平整。可以采用挂线定位的方法确保边坡表面较平整。
2〕在边坡体1表面打入若干加固或锚固孔、排水孔5、吸水式 生态植被孔。
所述生态植被孔为向上反倾孔。即生态植被孔的轴线是向上倾斜的，倾角一般为30°～60°，孔径10～15cm，嵌入边坡深度8～15cm。
所述排水孔5是下倾孔。即排水孔5的轴线是向下倾斜的，
加固或锚固孔、排水孔5和吸水式生态植被孔的数量、形状、大小及排列形式依据设计需要确定。
3〕所述锚固孔内插入锚杆或锚钉8，锚杆或锚钉8一端嵌固在岩石内部，另一端伸出边坡表面，便于后续挂网。锚固孔内锚固段位置灌满膨胀混凝土砂浆14。
4〕利用锚杆或锚钉伸出边坡段作为支护网结点，悬挂支护网2，支护网2形状可以为正方形或长方形，在正方形或长方形网格对角线方向加一道结构稳定化网线。
5〕制作插入所述生态植被孔的植被生长管4。
所述植被生长管4两端均开口，一端为插入生态植被孔的管底、另一端为露在外部的管口。所述植被生长管4的尺寸与生态植被孔相配套。所述植被生长管4的管底端面为平面，即管底端面与管径垂直。
所述植被生长管4的管口端面为斜面。在所述植被生长管4插入生态植被孔后，植被生长管4整体倾斜，其管口端面平行于水平面。植被生长管4周围灌满水泥浆，牢固嵌入边坡中。
6〕所述植被生长管4放入进出水管12。所述进出水管12倾斜地靠在植被生长管4的管壁。在放入进出水管12后，于植被生长管4底部设置反滤层13。
7〕将植物种子或植物根系和入营养土后，充填进植被生长管4内。植被生长管4的上端管口采用管盖11封堵。
8〕配置墨绿色水泥砂浆，并将绿色水泥砂浆喷射到边坡表面，使水泥砂浆覆盖整个边坡表面的支护网2以及植被生长管4的表面，粘结使得支护网、植被生长管、边坡成一个整体。
9〕去掉植被生长管4上端管盖11，利用天然降雨或人工给水润湿营养土10，待土体内植物根系或种子发芽、生长。
实施例2：
如图1所示，施工前先准备好所需的材料，并运送到现场。在边坡1的表面搭建施工平台。人工清理边坡体1表面，采用挂线定位的方法确保边坡表面较平整，清除边坡表面松动岩土体及杂物。
依据设计需要确定边坡表面钻孔的数量、形状、大小及排列形式；在边坡1的表面钻孔，钻孔分为边坡加固或锚固孔、排水孔5、及本发明中的吸水式生态植被孔3种；如图2所示，钻入吸水式生态植被孔，该类孔用于放入植被生长管4。本发明中的生态植被孔为向上反倾孔。倾角为30°-60°，孔径10-15cm,嵌入边坡深度为8-15cm。排水孔5位于边坡底部，孔径5-10cm,正倾倾角5-15°，嵌入边坡体。
边坡加固或锚固孔深入岩体内部稳固岩层，打孔后放入锚杆8。如图4所示；将水、砂、硅酸盐水泥、II型混凝土膨胀剂按比例混合搅拌，得到膨胀混凝土砂浆14，并锚杆8锚固端周围灌满膨胀混凝土砂浆，相比于一般水泥砂浆，膨胀混凝土砂浆硬化过程中发生膨胀，一方面充分填塞了岩石内部裂隙，起到对锚杆8的阻水作用，有利于防止锚杆8腐蚀，另一方面膨胀混凝土砂浆硬化过程产生对岩体及锚杆8的挤压作用，锚杆8与钻孔间的摩阻力更大，可提供更大的抗拉作用力。锚杆8或锚钉的一端伸出边坡表面3-4cm，作为锚固点3。采用不易劣化的FRP材料网作为防护网2，铺设到边坡表面。在锚固点3的位置将防护网2和锚杆8或锚钉固定，可通过铁丝绑扎固定。所述的网格形状可以为正方形或长方形，并在正方形或长方形的对角线方向加一道网线，使结构更加稳定。防护网2采用FRP材料替代钢丝网，可避免钢丝网锈蚀的问题。
如图3所示，采用PVC材料或FRP材料等非金属硬质管材批量制作插入生态植被孔的植被生长管4，植被生长管4上下端均开口，尺寸与生态植被孔相配套。管底部端口与管径垂直；管轴线按照生态植被孔倾角放置后，植被生长管顶部端口恰好与水平面平行，植被生长管在边坡表面的支护网上呈均匀的梅花形排列。
向上倾斜插入植被生长管4于生态植被孔底部，植被生长管壁下侧放入小尺寸硬质进出水管12；植被生长管周围灌满水泥浆，牢固嵌入边坡中。如图5所示，所述的下侧小尺寸进出水管上端成开口状态，深入边坡内部的一端的管侧壁布满管壁孔15，发挥类似于 花盆底孔通风换气的作用、利于根系生长，亦可方便多余的水分沿着图5所示左侧边坡体1的岩石裂缝渗入营养土中，给植物补充水分，过多的水分则会沿着进出水管12渗出边坡(虚线箭头所示)，生态植被孔部分兼具排水孔作用，可减少排水孔数量；同时，在干旱地区或干旱季节人工给水润湿营养土时，可以利用小尺寸进出水管节水与防止水分蒸发，滴灌直达植物根系或种子(实线箭头所示)。
向植被生长管4内部充填营养土10，所述营养土内部混有长成后充分覆盖边坡的藤蔓或枝叶繁茂的植物种子或植物根系9，所述的营养土采用耕植土，为植物生长提供足够养分。用于常年含水量较大的边坡时，所培植的植物应耐水，营养土底部亦可依据水流在植被生长管中水流往返的主方向设置成单向反滤层或双向反滤层13；进出水管12插入反滤层中，并在反滤层位置的管口处设置过滤塞。
容器管上部水平开口处采用管盖11进行封堵。采用对环境无污染的氧化铁绿、氧化铁黑、普通硅酸盐水泥、中细沙以及水几种材料混合后配置墨绿色水泥砂浆6，将绿色水泥砂浆6喷射到边坡表面，使水泥砂浆覆盖整个边坡表面的支护网以及植被生长管表面，使支护网、边坡、植被生长管粘合成一个整体，整个边坡呈现墨绿色。
去掉植被生长管上端开口处的管盖，利用天然降雨或通过人工喷淋使土容器里面的营养土湿润，土体里面的植物根系或种子发芽生长；值得说明的是每隔一定的时间进行一次喷水湿润，使土体内的植物根系或种子发芽生长；在雨水充沛地区可利用天然雨水保障植物生产的水分；在炎热的干旱地区边坡可以利用预埋在植被生长管下侧的小尺寸管滴灌，大大节省用水量。对于水库或河道边坡，还可以在河道中利用船只上安装的喷水系统，将河流里面的水通过水泵增压后喷射到边坡表面。
培植植物根系或种子一段时间后，待边坡表面被绿色植物覆盖，形成绿色生态的边坡。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种绿色生态边坡一体化加固方法，其特征在于，包括以下技术步骤：
    1〕人工清理所述边坡体(1)表面，使其平整；
    2〕在边坡体(1)表面打入若干加固或锚固孔、排水孔(5)、吸水式生态植被孔；
    所述生态植被孔为向上反倾孔。
    所述排水孔(5)是下倾孔；即排水孔(5)的轴线是向下倾斜的；
    3〕所述锚固孔内插入锚杆或锚钉(8)，锚杆或锚钉(8)一端嵌固在岩石内部，另一端伸出边坡表面，便于后续挂网；锚固孔内锚固段位置灌满膨胀混凝土砂浆(14)。
    4〕利用锚杆或锚钉伸出边坡段作为支护网结点，悬挂支护网(2)。
    5〕制作插入所述生态植被孔的植被生长管(4)；
    所述植被生长管(4)两端均开口，一端为插入生态植被孔的管底、另一端为露在外部的管口；所述植被生长管(4)的管底端面为平面；
    所述植被生长管(4)的管口端面为斜面；在所述植被生长管(4)插入生态植被孔后，植被生长管(4)整体倾斜，其管口端面平行于水平面；植被生长管(4)周围灌满水泥浆，牢固嵌入边坡中。
    6〕所述植被生长管(4)放入进出水管(12)；在放入进出水管(12)后，于植被生长管(4)底部设置反滤层(13)；
    7〕将植物种子或植物根系和入营养土后，充填进植被生长管(4)内。
    8〕配置墨绿色水泥砂浆，并将绿色水泥砂浆喷射到边坡表面，使水泥砂浆覆盖整个边坡表面的支护网(2)以及植被生长管(4)的表面。
    9〕去掉植被生长管(4)上端管盖(11)，利用天然降雨或人工给水润湿营养土(10)，待土体内植物根系或种子发芽、生长。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种绿色生态边坡一体化加固方法，其特征在于：生态植被孔中植物生长的水分部分由岩石裂缝渗入补给，边坡内过多水分借助进出水管渗出边坡，植物生长自给水与边 坡排水相结合。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的一种绿色生态边坡一体化加固方法，其特征在于膨胀混凝土砂浆的配比为：水、砂、硅酸盐水泥和混凝土膨胀剂。
  4. 根据权利要求1或3所述的一种绿色生态边坡一体化加固方法，其特征在于：所述植被生长管为制作材料是防腐劣化的PVC材料或FRP材料等非金属硬质管。
  5. 根据权利要求1或3所述的一种绿色生态边坡一体化加固方法，其特征在于：植被生长管在边坡表面的支护网上呈均匀分布的梅花形排列。
  6. 根据权利要求1或3所述的一种绿色生态边坡一体化加固方法，其特征在于：植被生长管壁下侧放入的小尺寸进出水管为侧壁具有孔眼的硬质材料管，插入反滤层中，并在反滤层位置的管口处设置过滤塞。
  7. 根据权利要求1或3所述的一种绿色生态边坡一体化加固方法，其特征在于：设置的反滤层可依据水流在植被生长管中水流往返的主方向设置成单向反滤层或双向反滤层。
  8. 根据权利要求1或3所述的一种绿色生态边坡一体化加固方法，其特征在于：支护网为不易劣化的FRP材料网。
  9. 根据权利要求1或3所述的一种绿色生态边坡一体化加固方法，其特征在于：所述墨绿色水泥砂浆由对环境无污染的氧化铁绿、氧化铁黑、普通硅酸盐水泥、中细沙混合而成。
  10. 根据权利要求1或3所述的一种绿色生态边坡一体化加固方法，其特征在于：绿色植物根系或种子在富水环境下是耐淹的，对应的绿色植物体覆盖面积大；
    在干旱地区或干旱季节人工给水润湿营养土时，可以利用小尺寸进出水管节水与防止水分蒸发，滴灌直达植物根系或种子。
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