WO2020007330A1 - 膀胱清洗装置和血液浓度检测装置 - Google Patents

膀胱清洗装置和血液浓度检测装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020007330A1
WO2020007330A1 PCT/CN2019/094621 CN2019094621W WO2020007330A1 WO 2020007330 A1 WO2020007330 A1 WO 2020007330A1 CN 2019094621 W CN2019094621 W CN 2019094621W WO 2020007330 A1 WO2020007330 A1 WO 2020007330A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
light
microcontroller
drainage tube
light quantity
bladder
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PCT/CN2019/094621
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
任洪亮
吴庆晖
陈维靖
钟俞明
陈渊浩
陈家宏
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Singapore Suzhou Research Institute, National University of
National University of Singapore
National University Hospital Singapore Pte Ltd
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Singapore Suzhou Research Institute, National University of
National University of Singapore
National University Hospital Singapore Pte Ltd
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Publication of WO2020007330A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020007330A1/zh
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M3/00—Medical syringes, e.g. enemata; Irrigators
    • A61M3/02—Enemata; Irrigators
    • A61M3/0233—Enemata; Irrigators characterised by liquid supply means, e.g. from pressurised reservoirs
    • A61M3/0254—Enemata; Irrigators characterised by liquid supply means, e.g. from pressurised reservoirs the liquid being pumped
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration or pH-value ; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid or cerebral tissue
    • A61B5/1455—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration or pH-value ; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid or cerebral tissue using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M3/00—Medical syringes, e.g. enemata; Irrigators
    • A61M3/02—Enemata; Irrigators
    • A61M3/0202—Enemata; Irrigators with electronic control means or interfaces

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of medical equipment, and more particularly, to a bladder cleaning device and a blood concentration detection device.
  • hematuria is defined as the blood visible in the urine and is a common symptom.
  • the formation of hematuria is caused by a disease in the urinary tract or after bladder or prostate surgery.
  • patients undergoing operations such as bladder, drainage tube and so on generally need to flush the bladder with physiological saline.
  • the flushing solution is delivered to the bladder through the flushing solution conduit, the flushing solution dilutes the bleeding in the bladder, and the flushing solution (a mixture of the flushing solution, urine and blood) is flushed out of the bladder in time through the drainage tube.
  • Bladder irrigation can prevent the formation of blood clots in the bladder, avoid urethral obstruction, reduce the incidence of dysuria, bladder spasm, etc., and is conducive to the healing of the incision.
  • bladder irrigation is to adjust the flow rate of irrigation fluid by manual adjustment. This is because if the color of the eluate is light, it means that the blood content in the hematuria is small. If the flow rate of the rinsing liquid is not slowed down, it will not only waste the rinsing liquid, but also cause complications. The blood content is large. If the flushing flow rate is not increased in time, it will cause blood coagulation and block the pipeline, which will increase complications. Therefore, medical personnel need to observe the color of the exudate frequently to ensure the flow of the irrigating fluid, and increase or decrease the amount of infusion if necessary according to the severity of hematuria.
  • the main problem with manually adjusting the flow rate of the irrigating fluid is that there is no standardized system for analyzing the severity of severe hematuria. Medical personnel usually analyze the severity of hematuria based on personal clinical knowledge and experience, which may lead to misjudgment of the condition. Although many different standardized systems have been developed by urologists in various countries. For example, the hematuria grading scale (HGS) created by Hemostick, and the difference in blood concentration in different hematuria by color difference created by Lih Min Wong and Meagher. Sakuma uses the visibility of the Roman numeral "II" to analyze the severity of hematuria. However, after these blood quantification systems have analyzed the blood concentration, it is still necessary to manually adjust the flow rate of the irrigation fluid. In addition, patients may produce hematuria samples whose colors are not listed in these charts, preventing medical staff from making effective comparisons.
  • the related technology provides some methods for automatically adjusting the flow rate of the rinsing liquid.
  • the color information of the eluent is detected by a light detection sensor.
  • the flow rate of the rinsing liquid is enlarged and washed; when the blood in the eluate is detected to be eliminated, that is, Rinse with minimum flow rate.
  • This type of irrigation cannot be rationalized according to the actual condition of the patient, and it is easy to cause complications for the patient.
  • a red blood cell concentration sensor is provided to detect the blood content in the flushing liquid in real time, and the flow rate of the flushing liquid is adjusted according to the detected red blood cell concentration.
  • the cost of the red blood cell concentration sensor will be relatively high, which will increase the financial burden on the patient. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an automatic bladder irrigation device with low cost and good performance.
  • the present invention aims to provide a bladder irrigation device capable of automatically adjusting the flow rate of irrigation liquid, low cost, and good performance.
  • the invention provides a bladder cleaning device, which includes a flow controller, a light amount detector and a microcontroller; the flow controller is adapted to be arranged on the irrigation liquid conduit, and the flow controller is used to control the flow rate of the irrigation liquid in the irrigation liquid conduit; the light quantity The detector is suitable for being arranged on a drainage tube, and the light quantity detector is used to detect the remaining light quantity after a predetermined amount of light is transmitted through the flushing liquid in the drainage tube; the microcontroller is electrically connected to the flow controller and the light quantity detector respectively; The blood concentration in the exudate in the drainage tube is determined according to the remaining light amount detected by the light amount detector, and the flow rate of the rinsing solution in the rinsing tube is adjusted by the flow controller, so that the flow rate of the rinsing solution and the blood concentration in the effluent are adjusted. Match.
  • the light quantity detector includes: a light-shielding housing, the light-shielding housing is provided with a through hole for the drainage tube to pass through; a light-emitting body and a photosensitive sensor installed to the light-shielding housing; the light-emitting body is located in the through-hole of the drainage tube; The tube section emits a predetermined amount of light, and the luminous body is adapted to emit light that can be absorbed by the blood; the light-sensitive sensor is used to detect the predetermined amount of light transmitted through the drainage tube and the remaining amount of light of the flushing liquid.
  • the luminous body is an LED lamp; and / or, the luminous body is adapted to emit at least one band spectrum; and / or, the bladder cleaning device is further provided with a display for displaying the blood concentration in the exudate, the display and the micro-control The device is electrically connected; and / or, the light-shielding casing is detachably connected to the drainage tube.
  • the light-shielding housing includes: a first housing and a second housing which are opposite to each other, and the surfaces of the first housing and the second housing which are butted against each other have a hole wall portion for forming a through hole;
  • a protective cover is also covered at the outer opening of the first mounting hole;
  • the photosensitive sensor is installed in the second mounting hole of the second casing, and the photosensitive sensor is connected with the microcontroller through a wire. Electrical connection.
  • the flow controller includes: a photosensitive material layer, a photosensitive material controller, and a photosensitive material irradiation lamp; the photosensitive material layer is adapted to be in contact with the rinsing liquid conduit; the photosensitive material controller is electrically connected to the microcontroller and controls the irradiation of the photosensitive material The switch of the lamp deforms the photosensitive material layer to change the squeeze degree of the photosensitive material layer on the rinsing liquid conduit.
  • the flow controller uses a peristaltic pump.
  • the flow controller includes: a bracket, the bracket is formed with a U-shaped groove; a rotary valve is located in the U-shaped groove and is relatively rotatably connected with the bracket; a flushing liquid pipe is passed between the groove wall of the U-shaped groove and the rotary valve; Motor; electrically connected to the microcontroller and used to drive the rotary valve to rotate to change the degree or frequency of the rotary valve's squeezing of the irrigation fluid conduit.
  • a baffle is also provided on the bracket, and a positioning port through which the irrigation liquid conduit passes is formed between the baffle and the groove wall at the opening of the U-shaped groove.
  • the rotary valve includes: two waist plates opposite to each other, two ends of the two waist plates are connected by a cylinder, respectively; at least one waist plate is connected with the output shaft of the motor through a rotating shaft, and the axis of the rotating shaft is connected with the cylinder The axes are parallel; the irrigation fluid conduit is adapted to be clamped between the cylinder and the groove wall of the U-shaped groove.
  • the bladder cleaning device further includes: a rinsing liquid container, a rinsing liquid conduit connected to the rinsing liquid container; a urine bag, and a drainage tube connected to the urine bag.
  • the bladder cleaning device uses the principle of light quantity absorption. After the light quantity of a predetermined light quantity detected by the light quantity detector passes through the remaining light quantity of the hematuria sample, it is sent to the microcontroller for processing, and the blood in the hematuria sample can be obtained.
  • the determination of concentration provides a non-invasive system that can detect the blood concentration in hematuria.
  • the microcontroller After obtaining the blood concentration information in the hematuria sample, the microcontroller sends corresponding control instructions to the flow controller, so that the flow controller regulates the speed of the flushing liquid in the flushing liquid conduit, so that the flow rate of the flushing liquid in the flushing liquid conduit can always match
  • the actual condition of the patient is adapted, thereby providing a bladder irrigation device capable of automatically adjusting the flow rate of the irrigation liquid, low cost and good performance.
  • the invention also provides a blood concentration detection device, comprising: a light quantity detector and a microcontroller, the light quantity detector is adapted to be arranged on the catheter, and the light quantity detector is used to detect the remaining of the light of a predetermined light quantity transmitted through the liquid in the catheter.
  • Light amount the microcontroller is electrically connected to the light amount detector and is used to determine the blood concentration in the liquid in the catheter based on the remaining light amount detected by the light amount detector.
  • FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a bladder cleaning device according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an exploded view of a light amount detector in a bladder cleaning device according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of a flow controller in a bladder cleaning device according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 shows a perspective view of a bladder cleaning device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the structure of a bladder cleaning device according to a first embodiment of the present invention is shown.
  • the bladder cleaning device includes a flow controller 3, a light amount detector 4, and a microcontroller 5.
  • the bladder irrigation device may further include known relevant components such as an irrigation fluid container 1, a urine bag 2, an irrigation fluid conduit 11, and a drainage tube 21.
  • the rinsing liquid container 1 is used for containing physiological saline, and the rinsing liquid container 1 is connected to a rinsing liquid conduit 11.
  • the physiological saline is used as a flushing solution for flushing the bladder, and is delivered to the bladder 6 through the flushing solution catheter 11.
  • the post-rinsing liquid flowing out of the bladder 6 may be referred to as an exudate (possibly mixed with urine, irrigation liquid, and blood), and the exudate is led out of the bladder 6 by the drainage tube 21.
  • the drainage tube 21 is generally connected to the urine bag 2 which is used to temporarily store the flushing solution.
  • the drainage tube 21 is usually a transparent and colorless tube, so that the color of the exudate can be observed.
  • the flow controller 3 is disposed on the rinsing liquid pipe 11 and is used to control the flow rate of the rinsing liquid flowing in the rinsing liquid pipe 11.
  • the light amount detector 4 is arranged on the drainage tube 21 and is used to detect the remaining light amount after the light of a predetermined light amount passes through the flushing liquid in the drainage tube 21.
  • the flow controller 3 and the light amount detector 4 are both connected to a microcontroller 5, and the microcontroller 5 is configured to determine the blood concentration of the eluent in the drainage tube 21 and control the flow rate based on the remaining light amount detected by the light amount detector 4.
  • the controller 3 regulates the flow rate of the flushing fluid in the flushing fluid conduit so that the flow rate of the flushing fluid matches the blood concentration in the flushing fluid.
  • the flow rate of the rinsing solution in the rinsing solution tube 11 is enlarged; when the blood concentration is low or even zero, the flow rate of the rinsing solution in the rinsing solution tube 11 can be reduced or the rinsing can be stopped.
  • the bladder cleaning device provided in this embodiment uses the principle of light quantity absorption, and it can be known that the smaller the remaining light quantity detected by the light quantity detector 4, the more the light quantity absorbed by the blood in the flushing liquid in the drainage tube 21, Furthermore, it is explained that the higher the blood concentration in the exudate, that is, the higher the degree of hematuria; on the contrary, the more the amount of remaining light detected by the light amount detector 4, the more the amount of light absorbed by the blood in the exudate in the drainage tube 21 Less, further indicating that the lower the blood concentration in the eluate, that is, the lower the degree of hematuria, thereby providing a non-invasive detection system that can detect the blood concentration in hematuria.
  • a correspondence relationship (e.g., a functional relationship) between a change in light quantity of a predetermined light quantity after transmission through the eluate and blood concentration in the eluate can be constructed in advance, and Corresponding relationship (for example, a functional relationship), so that after receiving the remaining light amount detected by the light amount detector 4, the microcontroller can determine the blood concentration in the exudate in the drainage tube 21, and determine the flow rate of the rinse liquid based on the blood concentration Whether it matches.
  • the microcontroller sends a corresponding control instruction to the flow controller 3 to control the flow controller 3 to regulate the speed of the rinsing solution in the rinsing solution conduit 11, and thereby the rinsing solution conduit 11
  • the flow rate of the irrigating solution becomes larger or smaller or even stops to suit the actual condition of the patient.
  • the corresponding relationship between the pre-constructed predetermined amount of light transmitted and the blood concentration in the eluate can be constructed, for example, as a function of the remaining light amount and the blood concentration in the eluate; the difference between the predetermined light amount and the remaining light amount and the eluate A function of the blood concentration in the blood; or a function of the percentage of the remaining light amount relative to the predetermined light amount and the blood concentration in the eluate.
  • the blood concentration data can also be displayed on a display electrically connected to the microcontroller 5, for example, to further reduce or even eliminate human errors in the diagnosis of medical personnel. Judge.
  • the light amount detector 4 includes a light-shielding case, a light-emitting body 41, and a light-sensitive sensor 42.
  • the light-shielding housing is provided with a through hole through which the drainage tube 21 passes, and the light-shielding housing is also used for mounting the light-emitting body 41 and the light-sensitive sensor 42.
  • the luminous body 41 is used to emit a predetermined amount of light to the tube section of the drainage tube 21 located in the passage hole, and the luminous body 41 is adapted to emit light that can be absorbed by blood.
  • the light emitted by the light-emitting body 41 is, for example, a green light band spectrum, an infrared band spectrum, or other suitable band spectrum.
  • the light-emitting body 41 is configured to include a plurality of different light sources, for example, so as to be able to emit a plurality of different waveband spectra. In actual use, the light-emitting body 41 can be controlled to emit one or more wavebands as required. spectrum.
  • the photosensitive sensor 42 is used to detect the remaining amount of light after a predetermined amount of light is transmitted through the drainage tube 21 and the flushing liquid.
  • the light-shielding casing is made of black material, for example, to block unnecessary light in the external environment, and to provide a closed environment to ensure that the predetermined amount of light emitted by the light-emitting body 41 can only be transmitted from the flushing solution (hematuria sample).
  • the hematuria sample absorbs light in a predetermined amount of light without being affected by the amount of external light, and the remaining light amount that is not absorbed by the hematuria sample is transmitted out of the eluent and the drainage tube 21, and is absorbed without interference from external light.
  • the light sensor 42 detects it, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the detection.
  • the light-emitting part of the light-emitting body 41 and the sensing part of the photosensitive sensor 42 are generally oppositely disposed, and the two are separated by the drainage tube 21.
  • the light-shielding housing includes a first housing 43 and a second housing 44 opposite to each other.
  • the first housing 43 and the second housing 44 are fixed together by a pin 46 to form a similar closure.
  • Clip type The surfaces of the first case 43 and the second case 44 which face each other have hole wall portions 40 for forming a through hole, respectively.
  • the luminous body 41 is installed in the first mounting hole 430 of the first casing 43, and a protective cover 45 is also covered at the outer opening of the first mounting hole 430.
  • the light-emitting body 41 is, for example, an LED lamp, and is suitable for being connected to a power source through a wire.
  • the provision of the protective cover 45 can ensure the electricity safety of the light-emitting body 41.
  • the photosensor 42 is mounted in a second mounting hole of the second housing 44 and is electrically connected to the microcontroller 5 through a wire 421.
  • the photosensor 42 preferably employs a photoresistor, which is electrically connected to the microcontroller 5 to record the light intensity of the remaining amount of light received, and the required power can be provided simultaneously by the circuit board containing the microcontroller 5.
  • the light quantity detector 4 adopts the above-mentioned light-shielding shell structure, which can be easily disassembled from the drainage tube 21 to realize the repeated use of the light quantity detector 4, which is beneficial to reducing the use cost of the bladder cleaning device.
  • the light-shielding housing has multiple configurations. As long as the predetermined amount of light emitted by the light-emitting body 41 can be guaranteed in an undisturbed environment, it can basically only be transmitted from the hematuria sample in the drainage tube 21 It is sufficient that the remaining amount of transmitted light can be substantially accurately detected by the photosensitive sensor 42.
  • the flow controller 3 includes a bracket 31, a rotary valve 32, and a motor 33.
  • the bracket 31 is formed with a U-shaped groove 30, and the rotary valve 32 is located in the U-shaped groove 30 and is rotatably connected with the bracket 31.
  • the irrigation liquid conduit 11 passes between the groove wall of the U-shaped groove 30 and the rotary valve 32.
  • the motor 33 is connected to the microcontroller 5 and is used to drive the rotary valve 32 to rotate. When the motor 33 is turned on, by controlling the rotation of the rotary valve 32, the squeeze degree or frequency of the rotary valve 32 against the flushing liquid conduit 11 can be changed, thereby controlling the flow rate of the flushing liquid.
  • the flow controller 3 can control the flow rate of the flushing liquid in the following two ways:
  • the microcontroller can control the motor 33 to rotate a certain angle to change the rotary angle of the rotary valve 32
  • the degree of squeezing of the irrigation fluid conduit 11 is changed. It can be understood that the flatter the irrigation liquid conduit 11 is squeezed, the lower the flow rate of the irrigation liquid; when the irrigation liquid conduit 11 is not squeezed, the maximum flow rate can be achieved.
  • the microcontroller can control the rotation speed of the motor 33 and keep the motor 33 rotating.
  • the flow rate of the washing liquid is adjusted (increased, or stopped) by controlling the squeeze frequency of the rotary valve 32 to squeeze the washing liquid conduit 11 back and forth.
  • the bracket 32 is further provided with a baffle 34, and the baffle 34 and the groove wall at the opening of the U-shaped groove 30 form a position for the irrigation liquid conduit 11 to pass in and out of the U-shaped groove 30. mouth.
  • the flushing liquid pipe 11 can relatively stably maintain its position in the U-shaped groove 30 under the restriction of the rotary valve 32 and the baffle 34.
  • the rotary valve 32 includes two waist-shaped plates disposed opposite to each other, and two ends of the two waist-shaped plates are connected by a cylinder, respectively.
  • One of the waist plates is connected to the output shaft of the motor 33 through a rotating shaft, and the axis of the rotating shaft is parallel to the axis of the cylinder.
  • the irrigation liquid conduit 11 is adapted to be clamped between a cylinder and a groove wall of the U-shaped groove 30.
  • FIG. 4 shows a second embodiment of the bladder cleaning device provided by the present invention.
  • the main difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is the specific implementation of the flow controller 3.
  • the flow controller 3 uses a photosensitive material flow control system.
  • the control system squeezes the irrigation liquid conduit 11 by receiving data from the microcontroller 5 to adjust the flow rate of the irrigation liquid.
  • the flow controller 3 includes a photosensitive material layer, a photosensitive material controller, and a photosensitive material irradiation lamp.
  • the photosensitive material layer is in contact with the rinsing solution conduit 11, and the photosensitive material controller is electrically connected to the microcontroller 5.
  • the photosensitive material controller controls the switch of the light irradiating lamp of the photosensitive material to deform the photosensitive material layer, so as to change the squeeze degree of the photosensitive material layer against the rinsing liquid conduit 11, thereby adjusting the rinsing liquid.
  • the flow rate is the rate of the light irradiating lamp of the photosensitive material to deform the photosensitive material layer, so as to change the squeeze degree of the photosensitive material layer against the rinsing liquid conduit 11, thereby adjusting the rinsing liquid.
  • the flow controller 3 provided in this embodiment may also use a peristaltic pump or a photosensitive material pump, both of which change the flow rate of the flushing liquid by squeezing the flushing liquid conduit 11.
  • the light-shielding casing of the light amount detector 4 is clamped on the drainage tube 21, and the flow controller 3 is arranged on the rinsing liquid conduit 11. Turn on the external power supply to start the light-emitting body 41 in the form of LED lights, the microcontroller 5, and the starter motor 33 or the peristaltic pump or the photosensitive material flow control system.
  • the light amount detector 4 sends the detected remaining light amount to the microcontroller 5, and the microcontroller 5 determines the blood concentration in the bleeding urine sample and converts it according to the blood concentration
  • the rotation angle or rotation speed of the motor 33, or the operating parameters of the peristaltic pump, or the operating parameters of the photosensitive material flow control system are adjusted, so as to adjust the flow rate of the flushing liquid, so that the flushing liquid flushes the bladder 6 at an appropriate flow rate.
  • An embodiment of the present invention further provides a blood concentration detection device.
  • the blood concentration detection device includes the light amount detector 4 described above, and the light amount detector 4 and the microcontroller 5 are electrically connected.
  • the light amount detector 4 is adapted to be disposed on a catheter (for example, the drainage tube 21), and the light amount detector is used to detect a remaining amount of light after a predetermined amount of light is transmitted through the liquid in the duct.
  • the microcontroller 5 is configured to determine the blood concentration in the liquid in the catheter based on the remaining light amount detected by the light amount detector 4.
  • the principle of the blood concentration detection device for detecting the blood concentration contained in the liquid in the catheter is the same as the detection principle described above, and both are based on the principle of light absorption. Therefore, for the specific structure of the light amount detector 4 and the microcontroller 5, reference may be made to the detailed description above, and details are not described herein again.
  • the catheter may also be a transparent, colorless infusion catheter for intravenous injection into a human body.
  • the blood concentration in the liquid is, for example, zero or greater than Zero, which can automatically detect the presence of blood back in the catheter in real time.
  • the microcontroller may issue a warning when a blood return phenomenon is detected, so that the medical staff can notice the condition of the patient in time and reduce the pain of the patient.

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Abstract

一种膀胱清洗装置和血液浓度检测装置。该膀胱清洗装置能够自动调节冲洗液流速、成本低且使用性能好，包括流量控制器（3）、光量检测器（4）和微控制器（5）；流量控制器（3）适于配置于冲洗液导管（11）上，流量控制器（3）用于控制冲洗液导管（11）内冲洗液的流速；光量检测器（4）适于配置于引流管（21）上，光量检测器（4）用于检测预定光量的光透射过引流管（21）内的冲出液后的剩余光量；微控制器（5）分别与流量控制器（3）和光量检测器（4）电连接；微控制器（5）用于根据光量检测器（4）检测到的剩余光量来判断引流管（21）内冲出液中的血液浓度，并通过流量控制器（3）调控冲洗液导管（11）内冲洗液的流速，使冲洗液的流速与冲出液中的血液浓度相匹配。

Description

膀胱清洗装置和血液浓度检测装置 技术领域
本发明涉及医疗器械领域，更具体地，涉及一种膀胱清洗装置和血液浓度检测装置。
背景技术
在泌尿科，血尿被定义为尿液中可见的血液，是一种常见的症状。血尿的形成是由于泌尿道中的病变，或者因膀胱或前列腺手术后所造成的。尤其是进行膀胱、输引流管等手术的患者一般都需要用生理盐水进行膀胱的冲洗。具体地，通过冲洗液导管将冲洗液输送给膀胱，冲洗液将膀胱内的出血稀释，通过引流管将冲出液(冲洗液、尿液和血液的混合)及时冲出膀胱外。膀胱冲洗可以防止在膀胱中形成血栓，避免造成尿道堵塞，减少排尿困难、膀胱痉挛等的发生几率，有利于切口的愈合。
目前，膀胱冲洗的普遍做法是采用人工手动调节的方式调节冲洗液的流速。这是因为如果冲出液颜色较淡，说明血尿中血液含量少，不及时调慢冲洗液流速的话，不仅会浪费冲洗液还容易产生并发症；而如果冲出液颜色较深，说明血尿中血液含量大，不及时调大冲洗流速的话，则会导致血液凝固而阻塞管道，增加并发症等。因此，医护人员需要经常观察冲出液的颜色，确保冲洗液的流动，并根据血尿的严重程度，在必要时增加或减少输液量，记录盐水灌洗量和排液量，确保两个数量相等。由于膀胱冲洗的时间较长(一般72个小时左右)，冲洗量大，导致医护人员的工作量非常大。如果医护人员未能及时观察到患者情况而造成诸如患者膀胱灌洗停止等情况时，血液在患者膀胱内容易形成凝块并堵塞管道，导致患者膀胱膨胀，造成患者疼痛。
人工手动调节冲洗液流速的方式存在的主要问题是，医护人员在分析严重血尿的严重程度方面没有标准化的系统。医护人员通常根据个人的临床知识和经验分析血尿的严重程度，可能导致对病情的误判。虽然各国的泌尿科开发了许多不同的标准化系统。例如Hemostick创建的血尿分级量表(HGS)，Lih Min  Wong和Meagher创建的通过色差来区分不同血尿里的血浓度，Sakuma利用罗马数字“II”的可见性来分析血尿的严重性。但这些量化系统分析出血液浓度后，仍然需要人工手动调节冲洗液流速。另外，患者可能会产生颜色并未在这些图表中列出的血尿样本，导致医护人员不能做出有效的比对结果。
有关技术中提供了一些自动调节冲洗液流速的方式。例如在一种方式中，通过光检测传感器检测冲出液颜色信息，当检测到冲出液中含有血液颜色时，即放大冲洗液流速进行冲洗；当检测到冲出液中血液消除时，即改为最小流速冲洗。这种冲洗方式不能根据患者实际状况进行合理化调整，容易引发患者的并发症。另外一种方式中，通过设置红细胞浓度感应器来实时检测冲出液中的血液含量，并根据检测到的红细胞浓度来调控冲洗液的流速。但是，红细胞浓度感应器的造价会比较高，会增加患者的经济负担。因此，亟需一种成本低、使用性能好的膀胱自动冲洗装置。
发明内容
本发明旨在提供一种能够自动调节冲洗液流速、成本低且使用性能好的膀胱冲洗装置。
本发明提供了一种膀胱清洗装置，包括流量控制器、光量检测器和微控制器；流量控制器适于配置于冲洗液导管上，流量控制器用于控制冲洗液导管内冲洗液的流速；光量检测器适于配置于引流管上，光量检测器用于检测预定光量的光透射过引流管内的冲出液后的剩余光量；微控制器分别与流量控制器和光量检测器电连接；微控制器用于根据光量检测器检测到的剩余光量来判断引流管内冲出液中的血液浓度，并通过流量控制器调控冲洗液导管内冲洗液的流速，使冲洗液的流速与冲出液中的血液浓度相匹配。
进一步地，光量检测器包括：遮光壳体，遮光壳体设置有供引流管穿过的通过孔；安装至遮光壳体的发光体和光敏传感器；发光体用于向引流管的位于通过孔内的管段发出预定光量，且发光体适于发出能够被血液吸收的光；光敏传感器用于检测预定光量的光透射过引流管和冲出液的剩余光量部分。
进一步地，发光体是LED灯；和/或，发光体适于发出至少一种波段光谱； 和/或，该膀胱清洗装置还设置有用于显示冲出液中血液浓度的显示器，显示器与微控制器电连接；和/或，遮光壳体与引流管可拆卸地连接。
进一步地，遮光壳体包括：相对设置的第一壳体和第二壳体，第一壳体和第二壳体的彼此对接的表面分别具有用于形成通过孔的孔壁部分；发光体安装在第一壳体的第一安装孔中，第一安装孔的外部开口处还盖设有防护罩；光敏传感器安装在第二壳体的第二安装孔中，光敏传感器通过导线与微控制器电连接。
进一步地，流量控制器包括：光敏材料层、光敏材料控制器和光敏材料照射灯；光敏材料层适于与冲洗液导管接触；光敏材料控制器与微控制器电连接，并通过控制光敏材料照射灯的开关，使光敏材料层变形，以改变光敏材料层对冲洗液导管的挤压程度。
进一步地，流量控制器采用蠕动泵。
进一步地，流量控制器包括：支架，支架形成有U型槽；旋转阀，位于U型槽中并与支架可相对转动地连接；冲洗液导管从U型槽的槽壁和旋转阀之间穿过；电机，与微控制器电连接并用于驱动旋转阀转动，以改变旋转阀对冲洗液导管的挤压程度或挤压频率。
进一步地，支架上还设置有挡板，挡板与U型槽开口处的槽壁之间形成供冲洗液导管穿过的定位口。
进一步地，旋转阀包括：相对设置的两个腰型板，两个腰型板的两端分别通过圆柱体连接；至少一个腰型板通过转轴与电机的输出轴连接，转轴的轴线与圆柱体的轴线相平行；冲洗液导管适于夹持在圆柱体与U型槽的槽壁之间。
进一步地，该膀胱清洗装置还包括：冲洗液容器，与冲洗液容器连接的冲洗液导管；尿袋，与尿袋连接的引流管。
本发明提供的膀胱清洗装置，利用光量吸收的原理，通过光量检测器检测到的预定光量的光透射过血尿样本后的剩余光量后，发送给微控制器处理，即能够得到血尿样本中的血液浓度的判断，提供了一种可检测血尿中的血液浓度的非侵入式系统。微控制器在获得血尿样本中的血液浓度信息后，向流量控制器发出相应的控制指令，使流量控制器调控冲洗液导管内冲洗液的速度，使得 冲洗液导管内的冲洗液流速总能与患者的实际状况相适应，从而提供了一种能够自动调节冲洗液流速、成本低且使用性能好的膀胱冲洗装置。
本发明还提供了一种血液浓度检测装置，包括：光量检测器和微控制器，光量检测器适于配置于导管上，光量检测器用于检测预定光量的光透射过导管内的液体后的剩余光量；微控制器与光量检测器电连接，并用于根据光量检测器检测到的剩余光量来判断导管内液体中的血液浓度。
附图说明
图1示出了本发明第一实施例提供的膀胱清洗装置的立体图；
图2示出了本发明第一实施例提供的膀胱清洗装置中的光量检测器的分解图；
图3示出了本发明第一实施例提供的膀胱清洗装置中的流量控制器的立体图；
图4示出了本发明第二实施例提供的膀胱清洗装置的立体图。
具体实施方式
参见图1至图3，示出了本发明第一实施例提供的膀胱清洗装置的结构。如图所示，该膀胱清洗装置包括流量控制器3、光量检测器4和微控制器5。此外，该膀胱冲洗装置还可以包括冲洗液容器1、尿袋2、冲洗液导管11和引流管21等已知的相关部件。
冲洗液容器1用于容纳生理盐水，冲洗液容器1与冲洗液导管11连接。生理盐水作为冲洗膀胱的冲洗液使用，通过冲洗液导管11输送至膀胱6。从膀胱6流出的冲洗后液体可以称为冲出液(可能混合有尿液、冲洗液和血液)，冲出液由引流管21引出膀胱6。引流管21一般与尿袋2连接，尿袋2用于暂存冲出液。引流管21通常采用透明无色管，以便于观察到冲出液的颜色。
流量控制器3配置于冲洗液导管11上，并用于控制冲洗液导管11内流动的冲洗液的流速。光量检测器4配置于引流管21上，并用于检测预定光量的光透射过引流管21内的冲出液后的剩余光量。流量控制器3和光量检测器4均与 微控制器5连接，微控制器5用于根据光量检测器4检测到的剩余光量来判断引流管21内的冲出液的血液浓度，并控制流量控制器3调控冲洗液导管内冲洗液的流速，使冲洗液的流速与冲出液中的血液浓度相匹配。例如在血液浓度较高时，放大冲洗液导管11内冲洗液的流速；在血液浓度较低甚至为零时，可以减小冲洗液导管11内冲洗液的流速，甚至可以停止冲洗。
本实施例提供的膀胱清洗装置，利用光量吸收的原理，可以得知：光量检测器4检测到的剩余光量越少，说明被引流管21内冲出液中的血液所吸收的光量越多，进而说明冲出液中的血液浓度越高，也即血尿程度越高；反之，光量检测器4检测到的剩余光量越多，说明被引流管21内冲出液中的血液所吸收的光量越少，进而说明冲出液中的血液浓度越低，也即血尿程度越低，从而提供了一种可检测血尿中的血液浓度的非侵入式检测系统。因光量检测器的成本较低，该膀胱清洗装置的成本也较低。另外，可以预先构建出预定光量在透射过冲出液后的光量变化与冲出液内血液浓度的对应关系(例如是函数关系)，以及预先构建出冲出液内血液浓度与冲洗液流速的对应关系(例如是函数关系)，这样微控制器在接收到光量检测器4检测到的剩余光量后，即能够判断引流管21内的冲出液中的血液浓度，根据血液浓度判断冲洗液流速是否匹配。当血液浓度和冲洗液流速不匹配时，微控制器即向流量控制器3发出相应的控制指令，以控制流量控制器3调控冲洗液导管11内冲洗液的速度，进而使冲洗液导管11内的冲洗液流速变大或变小甚至停止，以与患者的实际状况相适应。
预先构建的预定光量透射后的光量变化与冲出液中血液浓度的对应关系例如可以构造成：剩余光量与冲出液中血液浓度的函数关系；预定光量与剩余光量之差值与冲出液中的血液浓度的函数关系；或者是，剩余光量相对预定光量的百分比与冲出液中的血液浓度的函数关系等。通过构建上述的对应关系，能够实时监测和量化确切的血液浓度数据，该血液浓度数据例如还可以通过与微控制器5电连接的显示器显示，进一步减少甚至消除医护人员在诊断中的人为错误与判断。
本实施例中示出了光量检测器4的一种优选构造。如图2所示，光量检测器4包括遮光壳体，发光体41和光敏传感器42。
其中，遮光壳体设置有供引流管21穿过的通过孔，遮光壳体还用于安装发光体41和光敏传感器42。发光体41用于向引流管21的位于通过孔内的管段发出预定光量，且发光体41适于发出能够被血液吸收的光。发光体41发出的光例如是绿光波段光谱、红外线波段光谱或者其他合适的波段光谱。在可替代的实施例中，发光体41例如配置成包括多种不同的光源，以能够发出多种不同波段光谱，并在实际使用时，可以根据需要控制发光体41发出一种或者多种波段光谱。光敏传感器42用于检测预定光量的光透射过引流管21和冲出液后的剩余光量。
可以理解，遮光壳体例如是由黑色材料制成，用于挡住外部环境中的不必要光量，提供封闭的环境以确保发光体41发出的预定光量只能从冲出液(血尿样本)中透射出来，使血尿样本在未受到外界光量影响的情况下吸收预定光量中的光量，未被血尿样本吸收的剩余光量从冲出液和引流管21透射出后，在没有外界光量干扰的情况下被光敏传感器42检测到，从而确保检测的准确度。可以理解，发光体41的发光部和光敏传感器42的感应部大体相对设置，且二者被引流管21分隔开。
如图2所示，优选地，遮光壳体包括相对设置的第一壳体43和第二壳体44，第一壳体43和第二壳体44通过销轴46固定在一起，形成类似闭合的夹子型。第一壳体43和第二壳体44的彼此对接的表面分别具有用于形成通过孔的孔壁部分40。发光体41安装在第一壳体43的第一安装孔430中，且第一安装孔430的外部开口处还盖设有防护罩45。发光体41例如采用LED灯，适于通过电线与电源连接。通过设置防护罩45可以保障发光体41的用电安全。光敏传感器42安装在第二壳体44的第二安装孔中，并通过导线421与微控制器5电连接。光敏传感器42优选地采用光敏电阻，其电连接到微控制器5以记录接收到的剩余光量的光强度，并可以由包含微控制器5的电路板同时提供所需的电力。光量检测器4采用上述的遮光壳体构造，可以方便地与引流管21拆装，实现光量检测器4的重复使用，有利于降低该膀胱清洗装置的使用成本。
当然，在其他实施例中，遮光壳体还有多种构型形式，只要能够保证发光体41发出的预定光量在不受干扰的环境下，基本上只能从引流管21内的血尿 样本透射出来，并使被透射出来的剩余光量基本能够全部被光敏传感器42准确地检测到即可。
本实施例中还示出了流量控制器3的一种优选实施方式。参见图3，流量控制器3包括支架31、旋转阀32和电机33。支架31形成有U型槽30，旋转阀32位于U型槽30中并与支架31可相对转动地连接。冲洗液导管11从U型槽30的槽壁和旋转阀32之间穿过。电机33与微控制器5连接并用于驱动旋转阀32转动。电机33在接通电源的情况下，通过控制旋转阀32的转动，可以改变旋转阀32对冲洗液导管11的挤压程度或挤压频率，进而控制冲洗液的流速。该流量控制器3控制冲洗液流速的方式例如可以有如下两种：
第一种方式中，通过预设的控制程序，以及预先构建的旋转阀32的旋转角度与冲洗液流速的对应关系，微控制器可以控制电机33旋转一定角度，以改变旋转阀32的旋转角度，进而改变冲洗液导管11的被挤压程度，以增加或者减小冲洗液的流速。可以理解，冲洗液导管11被挤压的越扁，冲洗液的流速越低；当冲洗液导管11不受到挤压时，可以达到最大流速。
第二种方式中，通过预设的控制程序，以及预先构建的旋转阀32的旋转速度与冲洗液流速的对应关系，微控制器可以控制电机33的旋转速度并使电机33保持旋转，采用类似于蠕动泵的工作方式，通过控制旋转阀32往复挤压冲洗液导管11的挤压频率，来调控(增减或者停止)冲洗液的流量。
再来参见图3，优选地，支架32上还设置有挡板34，挡板34与U型槽30开口处的槽壁之间形成供冲洗液导管11穿入、穿出U型槽30的定位口。这样，冲洗液导管11在旋转阀32和挡板34的限制下，能够相对稳定地保持其在U型槽30内位置不变。
本实施例中还示出了旋转阀32的一种优选构造。具体地，旋转阀32包括相对设置的两个腰型板，两个腰型板的两端分别通过圆柱体连接。其中一个腰型板通过转轴与电机33的输出轴连接，转轴的轴线与圆柱体的轴线相平行。冲洗液导管11适于夹持在圆柱体与U型槽30的槽壁之间。
图4示出了本发明提供的膀胱清洗装置的第二实施例。该实施例与上述第一实施例的主要不同之处在于流量控制器3的具体实施方式。
具体地，本实施例中流量控制器3采用的是光敏材料流量控制系统，该控制系统通过接收到来自微控制器5的数据来挤压冲洗液导管11，进而调节冲洗液流速。在一种优选实施方式中，该流量控制器3包括光敏材料层、光敏材料控制器和光敏材料照射灯。其中，光敏材料层与冲洗液导管11相接触，光敏材料控制器与微控制器5电连接。根据接收到的微控制器5的控制指令，光敏材料控制器通过控制光敏材料照射灯的开关，使光敏材料层变形，以改变光敏材料层对冲洗液导管11的挤压程度，从而调节冲洗液的流速。
在其他可替代的实施例中，本实施例提供的流量控制器3还可以采用蠕动泵或者光敏材料泵，其均通过挤压冲洗液导管11，实现冲洗液流量的改变。
本发明各个实施例提供的膀胱清洗装置的工作过程如下所述：
将光量检测器4的遮光壳体夹在引流管21上，再将流量控制器3配置到冲洗液导管11上。打开外部电源启动LED灯形式的发光体41、微控制器5，以及启动电机33或者蠕动泵或者光敏材料流量控制系统。当血尿从膀胱6经引流管21流入尿袋2时，光量检测器4将检测到的剩余光量发送给微控制器5，微控制器5判断出血尿样本里的血液浓度，并按照血液浓度转换出电机33的旋转角度或旋转速度、或者蠕动泵的运行参数、或者光敏材料流量控制系统的运行参数等，从而调整冲洗液的流速，使冲洗液以合适的流速冲洗膀胱6。
本发明实施例还提供了一种血液浓度检测装置，该血液浓度检测装置包括如上所述的光量检测器4，光量检测器4和微控制器5电连接。光量检测器4适于配置于导管(例如为引流管21)上，光量检测器用于检测预定光量的光透射过导管内的液体后的剩余光量。微控制器5用于根据光量检测器4检测到的剩余光量来判断导管内液体中的血液浓度。
该血液浓度检测装置检测导管内液体中所含的血液浓度的原理与上文中所描述的检测原理相同，都是利用光量吸收的原理。因此，光量检测器4的具体结构以及微控制器5可以参考上文中的详细描述，在此不再赘述。
需要说明的是，导管还可以是用于向人体静脉注射用的透明无色输液导管，此时，通过在导管上配置该血液浓度检测装置，用于检测液体中的血液浓度例如为零或者大于零，这样可以实时自动检测导管内是否存在回血现象。优选地， 在检测到回血现象时微控制器可以发出警示，使医护人员能够及时注意到患者的情况，减少患者的痛苦。
以上实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对本发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此，本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种膀胱清洗装置，其特征在于，包括流量控制器(3)、光量检测器(4)和微控制器(5)；
    所述流量控制器(3)适于配置于冲洗液导管(11)上，所述流量控制器(3)用于控制所述冲洗液导管(11)内冲洗液的流速；
    所述光量检测器(4)适于配置于引流管(21)上，所述光量检测器(4)用于检测预定光量的光透射过引流管(21)内的冲出液后的剩余光量；
    所述微控制器(5)分别与所述流量控制器(3)和所述光量检测器(4)电连接；所述微控制器(5)用于根据所述光量检测器(4)检测到的剩余光量来判断所述引流管(21)内冲出液中的血液浓度，并通过所述流量控制器(3)调控所述冲洗液导管(11)内冲洗液的流速，使所述冲洗液的流速与所述冲出液中的血液浓度相匹配。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的膀胱清洗装置，其特征在于，所述光量检测器(4)包括：遮光壳体，所述遮光壳体设置有供所述引流管(21)穿过的通过孔；安装至所述遮光壳体的发光体(41)和光敏传感器(42)；所述发光体(41)用于向所述引流管(21)的位于所述通过孔内的管段发出预定光量，且所述发光体(41)适于发出能够被血液吸收的光；所述光敏传感器(42)用于检测所述预定光量的光透射过所述引流管(21)和冲出液的剩余光量部分。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的膀胱清洗装置，其特征在于，所述发光体(41)是LED灯；和/或，所述发光体(41)适于发出至少一种波段光谱；和/或，该膀胱清洗装置还设置有用于显示冲出液中血液浓度的显示器，所述显示器与所述微控制器(5)电连接；和/或，所述遮光壳体与所述引流管(21)可拆卸地连接。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的膀胱清洗装置，其特征在于，
    所述遮光壳体包括：相对设置的第一壳体(43)和第二壳体(44)，所述第一壳体(43)和第二壳体(44)的彼此对接的表面分别具有用于形成所述通过 孔的孔壁部分(40)；
    所述发光体(41)安装在所述第一壳体(43)的第一安装孔(430)中，所述第一安装孔(430)的外部开口处还盖设有防护罩(45)；
    所述光敏传感器(42)安装在所述第二壳体(44)的第二安装孔中，所述光敏传感器(42)通过导线(421)与所述微控制器(5)电连接。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的膀胱清洗装置，其特征在于，
    所述流量控制器(3)包括：光敏材料层、光敏材料控制器和光敏材料照射灯；
    所述光敏材料层适于与所述冲洗液导管(11)接触；所述光敏材料控制器与所述微控制器(5)电连接，并通过控制所述光敏材料照射灯的开关，使所述光敏材料层变形，以改变所述光敏材料层对冲洗液导管(11)的挤压程度。
  6. 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的膀胱清洗装置，其特征在于，所述流量控制器采用蠕动泵。
  7. 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的膀胱清洗装置，其特征在于，所述流量控制器(3)包括：支架(31)，所述支架形成有U型槽(30)；旋转阀(32)，位于所述U型槽(30)中并与所述支架(31)可相对转动地连接；所述冲洗液导管(11)从所述U型槽(30)的槽壁和所述旋转阀(32)之间穿过；电机(33)，与所述微控制器(5)电连接并用于驱动所述旋转阀(32)转动，以改变所述旋转阀(32)对所述冲洗液导管(11)的挤压程度或挤压频率。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的膀胱清洗装置，其特征在于，所述支架(31)上还设置有挡板(34)，所述挡板(34)与所述U型槽(30)开口处的槽壁之间形成供所述冲洗液导管(11)穿过的定位口。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的膀胱清洗装置，其特征在于，所述旋转阀(32)包括：相对设置的两个腰型板，两个所述腰型板的两端分别通过圆柱体连接；至少一个所述腰型板通过转轴与所述电机(33)的输出轴连接，所述转轴的轴线与所述圆柱体的轴线相平行；所述冲洗液导管(11)适于夹持在所述圆柱体与所述U型槽(30)的槽壁之间。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的膀胱清洗装置，其特征在于，还包括：冲洗液 容器(1)，与所述冲洗液容器(1)连接的所述冲洗液导管(11)；尿袋(2)，与所述尿袋(2)连接的所述引流管(21)。
  11. 一种血液浓度检测装置，其特征在于，包括：光量检测器和微控制器，所述光量检测器适于配置于导管上，所述光量检测器用于检测预定光量的光透射过导管内的液体后的剩余光量；所述微控制器与所述光量检测器电连接，并用于根据所述光量检测器检测到的剩余光量来判断所述导管内液体中的血液浓度。
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