WO2020007074A1 - 用于变轨距列车的轮对 - Google Patents

用于变轨距列车的轮对 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020007074A1
WO2020007074A1 PCT/CN2019/079544 CN2019079544W WO2020007074A1 WO 2020007074 A1 WO2020007074 A1 WO 2020007074A1 CN 2019079544 W CN2019079544 W CN 2019079544W WO 2020007074 A1 WO2020007074 A1 WO 2020007074A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
locking
wheel
block
locking block
axle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2019/079544
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王旭
杨欣
乔青峰
杨伟东
孔海朋
周君锋
公衍军
黄运华
刘晓妍
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
CRRC Qingdao Sifang Co Ltd
Original Assignee
CRRC Qingdao Sifang Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201810730888.2A external-priority patent/CN108909759B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201810731142.3A external-priority patent/CN108909357B/zh
Application filed by CRRC Qingdao Sifang Co Ltd filed Critical CRRC Qingdao Sifang Co Ltd
Publication of WO2020007074A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020007074A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F7/00—Rail vehicles equipped for use on tracks of different width

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of variable gauge trains, and in particular to a wheel set for a variable gauge train.
  • the distance between the wheels set at both ends of the axle will be adjusted. At this time, the wheels need to be moved in the axis direction of the axle. After the distance between the wheels is adjusted, the wheels need to The axis of the axle remains fixed.
  • the existing variable gauge wheelset has a complicated structure, and its reliability is not high when changing gauges, which cannot meet the current needs for changing gauges of trains.
  • This application is intended to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art or related technologies.
  • the purpose of the present application is to provide a wheelset for a variable gauge train with a simple structure and a reliable gauge change.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a wheel pair for a variable gauge train, including a wheel, an axle, and a locking device; the wheel is slidably connected to the axle through an inner sleeve, and the wheel A fixed sleeve is arranged on the inner sleeve, the locking device comprises a locking component, a locking block and an unlocking component, the locking component is fixedly sleeved on the inner sleeve outside the wheel, and In the axle box body located at both ends of the axle, the locking block is elastically connected in the axle box body, and the outer surface of the locking component is provided with a plurality of card slots along the changing direction of the gauge. The locking block is inserted into the card slot under the pushing force of the unlocking component to achieve the wheel locking. By pushing the unlocking component away from the locking block, the locking block contracts upwards and leaves under the action of elastic force. The card slot unlocks the wheel.
  • an inner spline is provided on an inner periphery of the inner sleeve, and an outer spline matched with the inner spline is provided at each end of the axle, and the inner sleeve and the axle pass through the axle.
  • the inner spline is connected to the outer spline.
  • the locking assembly includes a bearing and a bearing housing, an inner ring of the bearing is press-fitted on the inner sleeve, the bearing housing is press-fitted on an outer ring of the bearing, and the bearing housing and the bearing
  • the shaft housings are clearance-fitted; a plurality of groups of the grooves are distributed on the outer periphery of the bearing housing, and each group of the grooves includes a plurality of the grooves arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the bearing housing. The distance is equal to half the required gauge.
  • the locking blocks are arranged along the inner periphery of the axle box body, and are connected to the inner wall of the axle box body through a first elastic member.
  • the unlocking assembly includes a connecting plate and a pushing block elastically connected to the circumferential surface of the inner plate surface of the connecting plate, the connecting plate is located outside the outer end surface of the shaft box, and the outer end surface of the shaft box is provided with First through holes corresponding to the push blocks one by one, the push blocks pass through the first through holes and a second is provided between each of the push blocks and the inner side of the outer end face of the shaft box body An elastic member, the push block and the lock block are provided in a one-to-one correspondence.
  • the outer end of the pushing block is provided as an inclined surface
  • the locking block is provided with a wedge-shaped groove corresponding to the inclined surface, and the inclined surface and the wedge-shaped groove are inclined from the outside to the inside and upward from the bottom.
  • an outer end of the connecting plate is provided with an unlocking end, the unlocking end is configured to be snapped into an unlocking track provided on the ground, and the connecting plate is pushed to move to the outside of the unlocking track through a through groove in the unlocking track. , Thereby driving the pushing block away from the locking block for unlocking.
  • the locking assembly further comprises a locking block positioning ring, the locking block positioning ring is fixedly sleeved in the shaft box body, and the circumferential direction of the locking block positioning ring is opposite to that of the locking block.
  • a second through hole is provided at the position, and a passage corresponding to the second through hole is provided on the outer end surface of the locking block positioning ring; the passage is used for the push block to enter.
  • a movable space of the locking block is left between the shaft box body and an end of the locking block positioning ring provided with the second through hole.
  • the axle is provided with a wheel mount, the diameter of the wheel mount is larger than the diameter of the axle, the inner sleeve is stepped, and the large end of the inner sleeve is sleeved on the wheel mount The small end of the inner sleeve is sleeved on the axle outside the wheel mount; and the length of the inner sleeve is less than the sum of the length of the wheel mount and the axle outside, and the smaller length is equal to Half the required gauge.
  • An embodiment of the present application further provides a locking mechanism for a variable gauge wheelset, including a locking component, a locking block, and an unlocking component; the locking component is slidably connected to both ends of an axle and is located on the axle In the axle box body at both ends, the locking component is fixedly connected to the wheel, the locking block is elastically connected in the axle box body, and a plurality of outer surfaces of the locking component are provided along the changing direction of the gauge.
  • a locking slot the locking block is inserted into the locking slot under the thrust of the unlocking component to achieve the wheel locking, and the pushing block is pushed away from the locking block by pushing the unlocking component, and the locking block is elastic. Under the action of force, the wheel is contracted upward to leave the clamping slot to unlock the wheel.
  • the wheel is slidably connected to the axle through an inner sleeve.
  • the wheel is fixedly sleeved on the inner sleeve.
  • An inner spline is provided on the inner periphery of the inner sleeve.
  • Each end is provided with an external spline matching the internal spline, and the internal sleeve and the axle are connected to the external spline through the internal spline.
  • the lock assembly includes a bearing and a bearing housing, an inner ring of the bearing is press-fitted on the inner sleeve outside the wheel, and the bearing housing is press-fitted on an outer ring of the bearing.
  • a clearance fit is provided between the bearing housing and the shaft housing; a plurality of groups of the grooves are distributed on the outer periphery of the bearing housing, and each group of the grooves includes a plurality of the spaced intervals provided along the axial direction of the bearing housing. The slot is separated by a distance equal to half of the required track change.
  • the locking blocks are evenly arranged along the inner periphery of the shaft box body, a plurality of groups of the locking grooves are evenly distributed along the outer periphery of the bearing housing, and the locking blocks and the groups of the locking grooves are one by one. correspond.
  • the unlocking assembly includes a connecting plate and a pushing block elastically connected to the circumferential surface of the inner plate surface of the connecting plate, the connecting plate is located outside the outer end surface of the shaft box, and the outer end surface of the shaft box is provided with First through holes corresponding to the push blocks one by one, the push blocks pass through the first through holes and a second is provided between each of the push blocks and the inner side of the outer end face of the shaft box body An elastic member, the push block and the lock block are provided in a one-to-one correspondence.
  • the outer end of the pushing block is provided as an inclined surface
  • the locking block is provided with a wedge-shaped groove corresponding to the inclined surface, and the inclined surface and the wedge-shaped groove are inclined from the outside to the inside and upward from the bottom.
  • an outer end of the connecting plate is provided with an unlocking end, the unlocking end is configured to be snapped into an unlocking track provided on the ground, and the connecting plate is pushed to move to the outside of the unlocking track through a through groove in the unlocking track. , Thereby driving the pushing block away from the locking block for unlocking.
  • the locking assembly further comprises a locking block positioning ring, the locking block positioning ring is fixedly sleeved in the shaft box body, and the circumferential direction of the locking block positioning ring is opposite to that of the locking block.
  • a second through hole is provided at the position, and a passage corresponding to the second through hole is provided on the outer end surface of the locking block positioning ring; the passage is used for the push block to enter.
  • first annular channel and a second annular channel which are communicated with each other along the axial direction from the outside to the inside of the shaft box are sequentially arranged, and the inner diameter of the first annular channel is larger than the inner diameter of the second annular channel.
  • a locking block is installed in the first annular channel, and the locking block positioning ring is fixedly installed in the second annular channel.
  • the inner wall of the first annular channel is provided with a sliding groove extending in the axial direction, and the sliding groove is a T-shaped or dovetail groove with a small opening and a large groove bottom;
  • the locking block includes a locking block main body and A sliding block matching the sliding groove, the locking block is installed in the sliding groove through the sliding block, and the sliding block and the locking block body are connected by a first elastic member.
  • a wheelset for a variable gauge train includes a wheel, an axle and a locking device; the wheel is slidably connected to the axle through an inner sleeve to facilitate the installation and disassembly of the wheel.
  • a fixed sleeve is arranged on the inner sleeve, the locking device comprises a locking component, a locking block and an unlocking component, the locking component is fixedly sleeved on the inner sleeve outside the wheel, and
  • the locking block is elastically connected in the axle box body, and the outer surface of the locking component is provided with a plurality of card slots along the changing direction of the gauge.
  • the locking block is inserted into the card slot under the pushing force of the unlocking component to achieve the wheel locking.
  • the locking block contracts upwards and leaves under the action of elastic force.
  • the card slot realizes unlocking of the wheel; the variable gauge wheelset of the present application is reliable in locking and easy to unlock, and meets the needs of the variable gauge of the train.
  • FIG. 1 is an axial sectional view of a wheel set for a variable gauge train of the present application
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the left half in FIG. 1 of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a partially enlarged view at A in FIG. 2; FIG.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a locking device in the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an unlocking component in the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic perspective view of a locking structure in the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a locking block positioning ring in the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a bearing housing in the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a shaft box in the present application.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of an inner sleeve in the present application.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of an axle box body without an outer end cover in the present application.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense, unless explicitly stated and limited otherwise.
  • they may be fixed connections or removable.
  • Connection, or integral connection it can be mechanical or electrical connection; it can be directly connected, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two elements.
  • connection or integral connection; it can be mechanical or electrical connection; it can be directly connected, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two elements.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a wheel pair for a variable gauge train, including a wheel 18, an axle 19, and a locking device; the wheel 18 is connected to the axle through an inner sleeve 20 19 is slidably connected, the wheel 18 is fixedly sleeved on the inner sleeve 20, and the two are in an interference connection as a whole, ensuring that when torque transmission occurs between the wheel 18 and the inner sleeve 20, the inner sleeve Relative movement between 20 and wheel 18 is difficult to occur, thereby ensuring the overall stability between the wheel 18 and the inner sleeve 20; as shown in Figure 11-12, the specific connection method of the inner sleeve 20 and the axle 19 is used.
  • An inner spline 22 is provided on the inner periphery of the sleeve 20, and an outer spline 21 matching the inner spline 22 is provided at each end of the axle 19, and the inner sleeve 20 passes through the axle 19
  • the inner spline 22 is connected to the outer spline 21, so that the torque is evenly distributed on the inner circumference of the wheel 18 and the inner sleeve 20, which is convenient for transmitting torque and for the wheel 18 to slide along the axle 19 to achieve variable gauge.
  • the locking device includes a locking component, a locking block 6 and an unlocking component, the locking component is fixedly sleeved on the inner sleeve 20 outside the wheel 18 and is located on the axle 19
  • the locking block 6 is elastically connected to the shaft case 2, and the outer surface of the locking component is provided with a plurality of card slots 7 along the changing direction of the gauge. The tightening block 6 is inserted into the slot 7 under the thrust of the unlocking component to lock the wheel 18, and the wheel 18 remains locked until the wheel 18 changes its gauge.
  • the locking assembly includes a bearing 1 and a bearing housing 3, and an inner ring of the bearing 1 is press-fitted on the inner sleeve 20, as shown in FIG. 9, the bearing housing 3 is press-fitted on the inner sleeve 20.
  • the outer ring of the bearing 1 forms a sliding body, and seals are used at both ends of the sliding body to prevent the leakage of lubricant in the bearing 1 and prevent external dust and debris from entering the sliding body.
  • the bearing housing 3 With the clearance between the axle box 2 and the normal running of the train, the axle 19 needs to rotate relative to the axle box 2, so that the inner sleeve 20 also needs to rotate relative to the axle box 2.
  • the bearing jacket The outer periphery of 3 is distributed with a plurality of groups of the grooves 7, and each group of the grooves 7 includes a plurality of the grooves 7 spaced apart along the axial direction of the bearing housing 3, that is, the gauge change direction. It is equal to half of the required track change.
  • the wheels 18 at both ends of the axle 19 move at the same time, and the two wheels 18 each move half the distance required to change the track.
  • the total moving distance is the required track change. Distance, such as from standard gauge to narrow gauge or wide gauge; or from narrow gauge or wide gauge to standard gauge, you can choose the changed gauge according to your specific needs.
  • the locking blocks 6 are arranged along the inner periphery of the shaft case 2, and the number of the arrangement corresponds to the number of the plurality of groups of card slots 7, that is, each group of card slots. 7 corresponds to one of the locking blocks 6 and is connected to the inner wall of the shaft case 2 through a first elastic member 14.
  • the first elastic member 14 may be a locking spring, and the locking spring 6 is provided by the locking spring. Locking force.
  • the unlocking assembly includes a connection disk 15 and a plurality of push blocks 9 elastically connected to a circumferential direction of an inner disk surface of the connection disk 15, and the connection disk 15 is located parallel to the shaft box 2
  • the outer end surface of the shaft case 2 is provided with a first through hole 8 corresponding to the push block 9 one-to-one, and one end of the push block 9 passes through the first
  • a through hole 8 is provided with a second elastic member 13 between each of the pushing blocks 9 and the inner side of the outer end face of the shaft box 2.
  • the second elastic member 13 may be a return spring, and the return spring is sleeved on the pusher.
  • the push block 9 corresponds to the lock block 6 one-to-one. Setting; provide a reciprocating force for the push block 9 by a return spring, and the length of the push block 9 needs to be sufficient to push the locking block 6 into the slot 7.
  • the outer end of the pushing block 9 is provided as an inclined surface 11, and the locking block 6 is provided with a wedge-shaped groove 12 corresponding to the inclined surface 11.
  • the inclined surface 11 and the wedge-shaped groove 12 are both When the inclined surface 11 of the push block 9 slides along the wedge-shaped groove 12 from the bottom to the top, the locking block 6 is gradually pressed down until it is inserted into the card slot 7.
  • the locking assembly further includes a locking block positioning ring 4, as shown in FIG. 8, the locking block positioning ring 4 is fixedly sleeved in the shaft box 2 and the locking block positioning ring
  • the inner wall of 4 and the outer wall of the bearing housing 3 slide relative to each other, avoiding contact between the bearing housing 3 and the shaft housing 2 and causing wear, thereby improving the service life of the shaft housing 2;
  • the locking block positioning ring 4 A second through hole 5 is provided at a position opposite to the locking block 6 in the circumferential direction, and an outer end surface of the locking block positioning ring 4 is provided in one-to-one correspondence with the second through hole 5 and communicates with the second through hole 5.
  • the passage 10 is used for the pushing block 9 to enter and push the locking block 6 located in the second through hole 5.
  • the movable space of the locking block 6 is left between the shaft box 2 and the end of the locking block positioning ring 4 provided with the second through hole 5, that is, the shaft box 2 can be
  • the thickness of the inner wall is reduced at the mounting portion of the locking block 6 to accommodate the vertical movement of the locking block 6.
  • a first chamfer 23 is provided on the edge of the slot of the card slot 7.
  • the first chamfer 23 is set on the edge of the slot of the card slot 7, when there is a deviation in the alignment between the slot of the card slot 7 and the locking block 6, the lock is under the action of the first chamfer 23.
  • the clamping block 6 can be embedded into the card slot 7 along the first chamfer 23, thereby solving the problem that when the locking block 6 and the slot of the card slot 7 have a deviation, the locking block 6 cannot be easily inserted into the card. Problems in slot 7.
  • a second chamfer 24 is provided at the bottom of the locking block 6.
  • the locking block 6 can be used as the locking block 6 during the process of being embedded in the slot 7.
  • the surface of the second chamfer 24 is opposite to the slot of the card slot 7. The edge slides, and the embedded block can be inserted into the card slot 7 under the guidance of the second chamfer 24.
  • an outer end of the connecting plate 15 is provided with an unlocking end configured to be snapped into an unlocking rail 16 provided on the ground, and the connection is pushed through a through groove 17 in the unlocking rail 16
  • the disk 15 moves to the outside of the unlocking rail, thereby driving the pushing block away from the locking block, and the locking block shrinks upward and leaves the card slot under the action of the elastic force to unlock.
  • the connection The unlocking end of the disc 15 is separated from the through groove 17.
  • the edge of the connection plate 15 that is, the unlocking end
  • the connecting disk 15 slides in the transition section, so that the push block 9 slides away from the lock block 6 to achieve unlocking.
  • the connecting disk 15 slides on the variable gauge section, so that wheelbase 18 can be adjusted.
  • the connecting disk 15 slides on the variable gauge section, the wheel distance between the wheels 18 is adjusted at this time.
  • the connecting disk 15 is separated from the through groove 17, Under the action of the second elastic member 13, the pushing block 9 automatically slides in a direction close to the locking block 6, the inclined surface 11 slides along the wedge-shaped groove 12, and the locking block 6 receives a pressing force, thereby pushing the locking block. 6 is inserted into the slot 7 to achieve the fixation between the bearing housing 3 and the locking block positioning ring 4.
  • the axle 19 is provided with a wheel 18 mounting seat, the diameter of the wheel 18 mounting seat is larger than the diameter of the axle 19, the inner sleeve 20 is stepped, and the inner sleeve The big end of the cylinder 20 is sleeved on the wheel 18 mounting seat, and the small end of the inner sleeve 20 is sleeved on the axle 19 outside the wheel 18 mount; and the inner sleeve 20
  • the length is less than the sum of the length of the wheel 18 mounting seat and the outside axle 19, and the length is less than half the required variable gauge.
  • a support plate 25 is provided at the bottom of the axle box 2.
  • the support plate 25 is configured to support the axle box 2.
  • the wheels 18 need to be suspended. At this time, the load of the wheels 18 is borne by the axle box 2. In the process of the axle box 2 bearing the load of the wheels 18, the axle box 2 needs to contact the support rail provided on the ground and slide relative to the support rail to ensure that the train can continue to move forward when the gauge changes.
  • the support plate 25 when the train changes gauge, the support plate 25 supports the axle box 2 and slides relative to the support rail, thereby preventing the axle box 2 from directly contacting the support rail and abrasion, Thereby, the service life of the axle box body 2 is extended.
  • the surface of the support plate 25 is covered with a wear-resistant material layer.
  • An embodiment of the present application further provides a locking mechanism for a variable gauge wheelset, including a locking component, a locking block 6 and an unlocking component; as shown in FIG. 1-3, the locking component is slidably In the axle box 2 connected to both ends of the axle 19 and located at both ends of the axle 19, the locking component is fixedly connected to the wheel 18.
  • the wheel 18 is slidable with the axle 19 through an inner sleeve 20 Connection, the wheel 18 is fixedly sleeved on the inner sleeve 20, and the two are in an interference connection as a whole, ensuring that when torque transmission occurs between the wheel 18 and the inner sleeve 20, the inner sleeve 20 and the wheel Relative movement between 18 is difficult to occur, thereby ensuring the overall stability between the wheel 18 and the inner sleeve 20; as shown in Figs.
  • the specific connection between the inner sleeve 20 and the axle 19 adopts the inner sleeve 20
  • An inner spline 22 is provided on the inner periphery of the axle, and an outer spline 21 matching the inner spline 22 is provided at each end of the axle 19, and the inner sleeve 20 and the axle 19 pass through the inner
  • the spline 22 is connected to the outer spline 21, so that the torque is evenly distributed on the inner periphery of the wheel 18 and the inner sleeve 20, which is convenient for transmitting torque and also It is convenient for the wheel 18 to slide along the axle 19 to achieve variable gauge, and because the wheel 18 does not directly contact the axle 19, it does not cause the wheel 18 to wear, thereby increasing the service life of the wheel 18;
  • the locking device includes A locking component, a locking block 6 and an unlocking component, the locking component is fixedly sleeved on the inner sleeve 20 outside the wheel 18, and is located in the axle box body 2 at both ends of
  • the locking block 6 is elastically connected to the shaft box 2.
  • the outer surface of the locking assembly is provided with a plurality of locking slots 7 along the changing direction of the gauge.
  • the locking block 6 is located in the unlocking assembly.
  • the wheel 18 is inserted into the slot 7 to lock the wheel 18 under the action of thrust.
  • the wheel 18 remains locked until the track 18 changes its gauge.
  • the unlocking component is pushed to leave the lock. Tightening block 6, at this time, the locking block 6 retracts upward from the card slot 7 under the action of the elastic force to unlock the wheel 18, and at this time, an inward or outward pushing force is applied to the wheel 18 to make the wheel 18 inward or outward.
  • the locking assembly includes a bearing 1 and a bearing housing 3, and an inner ring of the bearing 1 is press-fitted on the inner sleeve 20, as shown in FIG. 9, the bearing housing 3 is press-fitted on the inner sleeve 20.
  • the outer ring of the bearing 1 forms a sliding body, and seals are used at both ends of the sliding body to prevent the leakage of lubricant in the bearing 1 and prevent external dust and debris from entering the sliding body.
  • the bearing housing 3 With the clearance between the axle box 2 and the normal running of the train, the axle 19 needs to rotate relative to the axle box 2, so that the inner sleeve 20 also needs to rotate relative to the axle box 2.
  • the bearing jacket The outer periphery of 3 is distributed with a plurality of groups of the grooves 7, and each group of the grooves 7 includes a plurality of the grooves 7 spaced apart along the axial direction of the bearing housing 3, that is, the gauge change direction. It is equal to half of the required track change.
  • the wheels 18 at both ends of the axle 19 move at the same time, and the two wheels 18 each move half the distance required to change the track.
  • the total moving distance is the required track change. Distance, such as from standard gauge to narrow gauge or wide gauge; or from narrow gauge or wide gauge to standard gauge, you can choose the changed gauge according to your specific needs.
  • the locking blocks 6 are evenly arranged along the inner periphery of the shaft case 2, and multiple sets of the grooves 7 are evenly distributed along the outer periphery of the bearing housing 3.
  • the clamping blocks 6 correspond to the plurality of groups of the slot 7 in a one-to-one manner, that is, the number of the locking blocks 6 corresponds to the number of groups of the plurality of groups of the card slots 7 in a one-to-one manner, that is, each group of the slot 7 corresponds to one of the locking blocks 6,
  • the first elastic member 14 is connected to the inner wall of the shaft box 2 through a first elastic member 14.
  • the first elastic member 14 may be a locking spring, and the locking spring 6 is provided with a locking force by the locking spring.
  • the unlocking assembly includes a connection disk 15 and a plurality of push blocks 9 elastically connected to a circumferential direction of an inner disk surface of the connection disk 15, and the connection disk 15 is located parallel to the shaft box 2
  • the outer end surface of the shaft case 2 is provided with a detachable outer end cover 30.
  • the outer end cover 30 is provided with first passages corresponding to the push blocks 9 one-to-one. Hole 8, one end of the pushing block 9 passes through the first through hole 8 and a second elastic member 13 is provided between each of the pushing block 9 and the inner side of the outer end face of the shaft box 2;
  • the two elastic members 13 may be return springs. The return springs are sleeved on the push block 9.
  • the pushing block 9 is provided in a one-to-one correspondence with the locking block 6; the reversing spring is provided to the pushing block 9 by a return spring, and the length of the pushing block 9 needs to be sufficient to push the locking block 6 into the slot 7.
  • the outer end of the pushing block 9 is provided as an inclined surface 11, and the locking block 6 is provided with a wedge-shaped groove 12 corresponding to the inclined surface 11.
  • the inclined surface 11 and the wedge-shaped groove 12 are both When the inclined surface 11 of the push block 9 slides along the wedge-shaped groove 12 from the bottom to the top, the locking block 6 is gradually pressed down until it is inserted into the card slot 7.
  • the locking assembly further includes a locking block positioning ring 4, as shown in FIG. 8, the locking block positioning ring 4 is fixedly sleeved in the shaft box 2 and the locking block positioning ring
  • the inner wall of 4 and the outer wall of the bearing housing 3 slide relative to each other, avoiding contact between the bearing housing 3 and the shaft housing 2 and causing wear, thereby improving the service life of the shaft housing 2;
  • the locking block positioning ring 4 A second through hole 5 is provided at a position opposite to the locking block 6 in the circumferential direction, and an outer end surface of the locking block positioning ring 4 is provided in one-to-one correspondence with the second through hole 5 and communicates with the second through hole 5.
  • the passage 10 is used for the pushing block 9 to enter and push the locking block 6 located in the second through hole 5.
  • the movable space of the locking block 6 is left between the shaft box 2 and the end of the locking block positioning ring 4 provided with the second through hole 5, that is, the shaft box 2 can be
  • the thickness of the inner wall is reduced at the mounting portion of the locking block 6 to accommodate the vertical movement of the locking block 6.
  • the shaft case 2 is provided with a first annular channel 27 and a communicating ring in order along the axial direction from the outside to the inside.
  • the second annular channel 28 has an inner diameter larger than the inner diameter of the second annular channel 28, and the locking block 6 is installed in the first annular channel 27.
  • the locking block positioning ring It is fixedly installed in the second annular channel 28, and the inner end surface of the shaft case 2 is provided with a third through hole 29 and a third through hole for the locking component to penetrate into the locking block positioning ring.
  • the inner diameter of 29 is the same as the inner diameter of the locking block positioning ring 4.
  • the inner wall of the first annular channel 27 is provided with a sliding groove 26 extending in the axial direction.
  • the sliding groove 26 is a T-shaped or small opening with a large groove bottom. Dovetail groove type, so that when the sliding block is installed in the sliding groove 26, it will not fall off to ensure the accuracy of the installation of the locking block;
  • the locking block 6 includes a locking block body and is in phase with the sliding groove 26 A matching sliding block, the locking block is installed in the sliding groove 26 through the sliding block, and when the installation position is determined
  • Fastener slider can be fastened and fixed its position in the slide groove 26, the slider 14 is connected via a first elastic member between the body and the locking block.
  • a first chamfer 23 is provided on the edge of the slot of the card slot 7.
  • the first chamfer 23 is set on the edge of the slot of the card slot 7, when there is a deviation in the alignment between the slot of the card slot 7 and the locking block 6, the lock is under the action of the first chamfer 23.
  • the clamping block 6 can be embedded into the card slot 7 along the first chamfer 23, thereby solving the problem that when the locking block 6 and the slot of the card slot 7 have a deviation, the locking block 6 cannot be easily inserted into the card. Problems in slot 7.
  • a second chamfer 24 is provided at the bottom of the locking block 6.
  • the locking block 6 can be used as the locking block 6 during the process of being embedded in the slot 7.
  • the surface of the second chamfer 24 is opposite to the slot of the card slot 7. The edge slides, and the embedded block can be inserted into the card slot 7 under the guidance of the second chamfer 24.
  • an unlocking end is provided on the outer periphery of the connecting plate 15, and the unlocking end is configured to be snapped into an unlocking rail 16 provided on the ground, and the connecting plate 15 is pushed through a through groove 17 in the unlocking rail 16. Move to the outside of the unlocking rail, thereby driving the pushing block away from the locking block, and the locking block shrinks upward and leaves the card slot under the action of the elastic force to unlock.
  • the connecting plate 15 The unlocking end is separated from the through slot 17. As shown in FIG. 5, by setting the unlocking rail 16 and setting the through groove 17 on the unlocking rail 16, when the train changes the gauge, the edge of the connection plate 15 (that is, the unlocking end) slides from the entrance end.
  • the axle 19 is provided with a wheel 18 mounting seat, the diameter of the wheel 18 mounting seat is larger than the diameter of the axle 19, the inner sleeve 20 is stepped, and the inner sleeve The big end of the cylinder 20 is sleeved on the wheel 18 mounting seat, and the small end of the inner sleeve 20 is sleeved on the axle 19 outside the wheel 18 mount; and the inner sleeve 20
  • the length is less than the sum of the length of the wheel 18 mounting seat and the outside axle 19, and the length is less than half the required variable gauge.
  • a support plate 25 is provided at the bottom of the axle box 2.
  • the support plate 25 is configured to support the axle box 2.
  • the wheels 18 need to be suspended. At this time, the load of the wheels 18 is borne by the axle box 2. In the process of the axle box 2 bearing the load of the wheels 18, the axle box 2 needs to contact the support rail provided on the ground and slide relative to the support rail to ensure that the train can continue to move forward when the gauge changes.
  • the support plate 25 when the train changes gauge, the support plate 25 supports the axle box 2 and slides relative to the support rail, thereby preventing the axle box 2 from directly contacting the support rail and abrasion, Thereby, the service life of the axle box body 2 is extended.
  • the surface of the support plate 25 is covered with a wear-resistant material layer.
  • the structure design of the present application is clever, reliable and reliable, and easy to unlock, which meets the needs of trains with varying gauges.

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Abstract

一种用于变轨距列车的轮对，包括车轮（18）、车轴（19）和锁紧装置；车轮通过内套筒（20）与车轴可滑动连接，车轮固定套设在内套筒上，锁紧装置包括锁紧组件、锁紧块（6）和解锁组件，锁紧组件固定套设于车轮外侧的内套筒上，且位于车轴两端的轴箱体（2）中，锁紧块弹性连接在轴箱体中，锁紧组件的外表面沿轨距的变换方向设有多个卡槽（7），锁紧块在解锁组件的推力作用下插入卡槽中实现车轮锁紧，通过推动解锁组件离开锁紧块，锁紧块在弹性力作用下向上收缩离开卡槽实现车轮解锁。该轮对的解锁和锁紧简单可靠，满足了列车的变轨距需求。

Description

用于变轨距列车的轮对
交叉引用
本申请引用于2018年07月05日提交的专利名称为“一种用于变轨距列车的轮对”的第2018107308882号中国专利申请，以及于2018年07月05日提交的专利名称为“一种用于变轨距轮对的锁紧机构”的第2018107311423号中国专利申请，上述专利申请通过引用被全部并入本申请。
技术领域
本申请涉及列车变轨距技术领域，特别是涉及一种用于变轨距列车的轮对。
背景技术
随着全球经济一体化的飞速发展，跨国间的客货运输在近年来增长迅速，然而由于各国铁路的轨距不同，从而给跨国间的铁路运输造成严重的阻碍。为了解决各国铁路的轨距不同从而对跨国间的铁路运输造成阻碍的问题，对此提出了变轨距的列车，即当列车行驶到它国的铁路上时，通过改变自身轮对上的车轮之间的间距，来适应它国铁路的轨距。
在列车变轨距的过程中，设置在车轴两端的车轮间的间距会发生调整，此时需要使车轮在车轴的轴线方向上进行运动，当车轮间的间距调整完毕后，则需要使车轮在车轴的轴线方向上保持固定。现有的变轨距轮对结构复杂，变轨距时可靠性不高，无法满足目前列车变轨距的需求。
发明内容
(一)要解决的技术问题
本申请旨在至少解决现有技术或相关技术中存在的技术问题之一。
本申请的目的是提供一种结构简单，变轨距可靠的用于变轨距列车的轮对。
(二)技术方案
为了解决上述技术问题，本申请实施例提供一种用于变轨距列车的轮 对，包括车轮、车轴和锁紧装置；所述车轮通过内套筒与所述车轴可滑动连接，所述车轮固定套设在所述内套筒上，所述锁紧装置包括锁紧组件、锁紧块和解锁组件，所述锁紧组件固定套设于所述车轮外侧的所述内套筒上，且位于所述车轴两端的轴箱体中，所述锁紧块弹性连接在所述轴箱体中，所述锁紧组件的外表面沿轨距的变换方向设有多个卡槽，所述锁紧块在所述解锁组件的推力作用下插入所述卡槽中实现所述车轮锁紧，通过推动所述解锁组件离开所述锁紧块，所述锁紧块在弹性力作用下向上收缩离开所述卡槽实现所述车轮解锁。
其中，所述内套筒的内周设有内花键，所述车轴的两端分别设有与所述内花键相匹配的外花键，所述内套筒与所述车轴通过所述内花键与外花键连接。
其中，所述锁紧组件包括轴承和轴承外套，所述轴承的内圈压装在所述内套筒上，所述轴承外套压装在所述轴承的外圈，所述轴承外套与所述轴箱体之间间隙配合；所述轴承外套的外周分布有多组所述卡槽，每组所述卡槽包括多个沿所述轴承外套的轴向间隔设置的所述卡槽，间隔的距离等于所需变轨距的一半。
其中，所述锁紧块沿所述轴箱体的内周排布，并通过第一弹性件与所述轴箱体的内壁连接。
其中，所述解锁组件包括连接盘和弹性连接在所述连接盘内盘面周向的推块，所述连接盘位于所述轴箱体的外端面外，所述轴箱体的外端面设有与所述推块一一对应的第一通孔，所述推块穿过所述第一通孔并在每个所述推块与所述轴箱体的外端面内侧之间设有第二弹性件，所述推块与所述锁紧块一一对应设置。
其中，所述推块的外端设置为倾斜面，所述锁紧块上设有与所述倾斜面相对应的楔形槽，所述倾斜面及楔形槽均从外向内从下向上倾斜。
其中，所述连接盘的外周设有解锁端，所述解锁端被配置为卡入设于地面的解锁轨中，通过所述解锁轨中的通槽推动所述连接盘向解锁轨的外侧移动，从而带动所述推块离开所述锁紧块，进行解锁。
其中，所述锁紧组件还包括锁紧块定位圈，所述锁紧块定位圈固定套设于所述轴箱体内，所述锁紧块定位圈的周向与所述锁紧块的相对位置处 设有第二通孔，且在所述锁紧块定位圈的外端面设有与所述第二通孔一一对应且连通的通道；所述通道用于所述推块进入。
其中，所述轴箱体与所述锁紧块定位圈设有所述第二通孔的一端之间留有所述锁紧块的活动间距。
其中，所述车轴设有车轮安装座，所述车轮安装座的直径大于所述车轴的直径，所述内套筒呈阶梯形，所述内套筒的大端套设在所述车轮安装座上，所述内套筒的小端套设在所述车轮安装座外侧的所述车轴上；且所述内套筒的长度小于车轮安装座与其外侧的车轴长度之和，所小于的长度等于所需变轨距的一半。
本申请实施例还提供一种用于变轨距轮对的锁紧机构，包括锁紧组件、锁紧块和解锁组件；所述锁紧组件可滑动地连接在车轴两端且位于所述车轴两端的轴箱体中，所述锁紧组件与车轮固定连接，所述锁紧块弹性连接在所述轴箱体中，所述锁紧组件的外表面沿轨距的变换方向设有多个卡槽，所述锁紧块在所述解锁组件的推力作用下插入所述卡槽中实现所述车轮锁紧，通过推动所述解锁组件离开所述锁紧块，所述锁紧块在弹性力作用下向上收缩离开所述卡槽实现所述车轮解锁。
其中，所述车轮通过内套筒与所述车轴可滑动连接，所述车轮固定套设在所述内套筒上，所述内套筒的内周设有内花键，所述车轴的两端分别设有与所述内花键相匹配的外花键，所述内套筒与所述车轴通过所述内花键与外花键连接。
其中，所述锁紧组件包括轴承和轴承外套，所述轴承的内圈压装在所述车轮外侧的所述内套筒上，所述轴承外套压装在所述轴承的外圈，所述轴承外套与所述轴箱体之间间隙配合；所述轴承外套的外周分布有多组所述卡槽，每组所述卡槽包括多个沿所述轴承外套的轴向间隔设置的所述卡槽，间隔的距离等于所需变轨距的一半。
其中，所述锁紧块沿所述轴箱体的内周均匀排布，多组所述卡槽沿所述轴承外套的外周均匀分布，所述锁紧块与多组所述卡槽一一对应。
其中，所述解锁组件包括连接盘和弹性连接在所述连接盘内盘面周向的推块，所述连接盘位于所述轴箱体的外端面外，所述轴箱体的外端面设有与所述推块一一对应的第一通孔，所述推块穿过所述第一通孔并在每个 所述推块与所述轴箱体的外端面内侧之间设有第二弹性件，所述推块与所述锁紧块一一对应设置。
其中，所述推块的外端设置为倾斜面，所述锁紧块上设有与所述倾斜面相对应的楔形槽，所述倾斜面及楔形槽均从外向内从下向上倾斜。
其中，所述连接盘的外周设有解锁端，所述解锁端被配置为卡入设于地面的解锁轨中，通过所述解锁轨中的通槽推动所述连接盘向解锁轨的外侧移动，从而带动所述推块离开所述锁紧块，进行解锁。
其中，所述锁紧组件还包括锁紧块定位圈，所述锁紧块定位圈固定套设于所述轴箱体内，所述锁紧块定位圈的周向与所述锁紧块的相对位置处设有第二通孔，且在所述锁紧块定位圈的外端面设有与所述第二通孔一一对应且连通的通道；所述通道用于所述推块进入。
其中，所述轴箱体内沿其轴向从外向内依次设有相连通的第一环形通道和第二环形通道，所述第一环形通道的内径大于所述第二环形通道的内径，所述锁紧块安装在所述第一环形通道内，所述锁紧块定位圈固定安装在所述第二环形通道内。
其中，所述第一环形通道的内壁设有沿轴向延伸的滑动槽，所述滑动槽呈开口小、槽底大的T型或燕尾槽型；所述锁紧块包括锁紧块主体和与所述滑动槽相匹配的滑动块，所述锁紧块通过所述滑动块安装在所述滑动槽中，所述滑动块与所述锁紧块主体之间通过第一弹性件连接。
(三)有益效果
与现有技术相比，本申请具有以下优点：
本申请提供的一种用于变轨距列车的轮对，包括车轮、车轴和锁紧装置；所述车轮通过内套筒与所述车轴可滑动连接，便于车轮的安装和拆卸，所述车轮固定套设在所述内套筒上，所述锁紧装置包括锁紧组件、锁紧块和解锁组件，所述锁紧组件固定套设于所述车轮外侧的所述内套筒上，且位于所述车轴两端的轴箱体中，所述锁紧块弹性连接在所述轴箱体中，所述锁紧组件的外表面沿轨距的变换方向设有多个卡槽，所述锁紧块在所述解锁组件的推力作用下插入所述卡槽中实现所述车轮锁紧，通过推动所述解锁组件离开所述锁紧块，所述锁紧块在弹性力作用下向上收缩离开所述卡槽实现所述车轮解锁；本申请的变轨距轮对，锁紧可靠，解锁方便，满 足了列车变轨距的需求。
附图说明
图1是本申请一种用于变轨距列车的轮对的轴向剖视图；
图2是本申请图1中的左半部分示意图；
图3是图2中A处的局部放大图；
图4是本申请中锁紧装置的结构示意图；
图5是本申请中解锁轨的俯视图；
图6是本申请中解锁组件的结构示意图；
图7是本申请中锁紧块的立体结构示意图；
图8是本申请中的锁紧块定位圈的结构示意图；
图9是本申请中轴承外套的结构示意图；
图10是本申请中轴箱体的结构示意图；
图11是本申请中内套筒的结构示意图；
图12是本申请中车轴的结构示意图；
图13是本申请中轴箱体未设外端盖的结构示意图；
图中：1-轴承；2-轴箱体；3-轴承外套；4-锁紧块定位圈；5-第二通孔；6-锁紧块；7-卡槽；8-第一通孔；9-推块；10-通道；11-倾斜面；12-楔形槽；13-第二弹性件；14-第一弹性件；15-连接盘；16-解锁轨；17-通槽；18-车轮；19-车轴；20-内套筒；21-外花键；22-内花键；23-第一倒角；24-第二倒角；25-支撑板；26-滑动槽；27-第一环形通道；28-第二环形通道；29-第三通孔；30-外端盖。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例，对本申请的具体实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例用于说明本申请，但不用来限制本申请的范围。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构 造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以视具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
此外，在本申请的描述中，除非另有说明，“多个”、“多根”、“多组”的含义是两个或两个以上。
如图1-4所示，本申请实施例提供了一种用于变轨距列车的轮对，包括车轮18、车轴19和锁紧装置；所述车轮18通过内套筒20与所述车轴19可滑动连接，所述车轮18固定套设在所述内套筒20上，两者过盈连接为一个整体，确保了当车轮18与内套筒20之间发生扭矩传递时，内套筒20与车轮18之间不易发生相对运动，从而确保了车轮18与内套筒20之间的整体稳定性；如图11-12所示，内套筒20与车轴19的具体连接方式采用在内套筒20的内周设有内花键22，所述车轴19的两端分别设有与所述内花键22相匹配的外花键21，所述内套筒20与所述车轴19通过所述内花键22与外花键21连接，从而将扭矩均匀分布在车轮18及内套筒20的内周，既便于传递扭矩，也便于车轮18沿车轴19滑动实现变轨距，而且，由于车轮18不会直接与车轴19相接触，因而不会造成车轮18的磨损，从而提高了车轮18的使用寿命；所述锁紧装置包括锁紧组件、锁紧块6和解锁组件，所述锁紧组件固定套设于所述车轮18外侧的所述内套筒20上，且位于所述车轴19两端的轴箱体2中，所述锁紧块6弹性连接在所述轴箱体2中，所述锁紧组件的外表面沿轨距的变换方向设有多个卡槽7，所述锁紧块6在所述解锁组件的推力作用下插入所述卡槽7中实现所述车轮18锁紧，在车轮18变轨距之前，一直保持该锁紧状态，当车轮18需要解锁时，通过推动所述解锁组件离开所述锁紧块6，所述锁紧块6在弹性力作用下向上收缩离开所述卡槽7实现所述车轮18解锁，此时，向车轮18施加向内或向外的推力使得车轮18向内或向外移动所需变轨距 的距离，随即解锁装置恢复对锁紧块6的推力，锁紧块6在弹性力的作用下再次插入变轨距后的卡槽7中实现所述车轮18锁紧，满足了列车变轨距的需求。
具体地，所述锁紧组件包括轴承1和轴承外套3，所述轴承1的内圈压装在所述内套筒20上，如图9所示，所述轴承外套3压装在所述轴承1的外圈形成一个滑移整体，且在滑移整体的两端采用密封，防止轴承1中的润滑油泄漏，也避免外部灰尘杂物等进入该滑移整体中，所述轴承外套3与所述轴箱体2之间间隙配合，当列车正常行驶时，车轴19需要相对轴箱体2转动，使得内套筒20也需要相对轴箱体2转动。通过在所述内套筒20上设置所述轴承，使得当内套筒20转动时，所受到的阻力更小且不会发生磨损，从而延长了内套筒20的使用寿命；所述轴承外套3的外周间隔分布有多组所述卡槽7，每组所述卡槽7包括多个沿所述轴承外套3的轴向即轨距变换方向间隔设置的所述卡槽7，间隔的距离等于所需变轨距的一半，在变轨距时，车轴19两端的车轮18同时移动，两个车轮18各移动所需变轨距的一半距离，则总的移动距离便为所需变轨距的距离，例如从标准轨距变为窄轨距或宽轨距；或从窄轨距或宽轨距变为标准轨距，可以根据具体需要选择所变轨距。
具体地，如图7所示，所述锁紧块6沿所述轴箱体2的内周排布，排布的数量与多组卡槽7的组数一一对应，即每组卡槽7对应一个所述锁紧块6，并通过第一弹性件14与所述轴箱体2的内壁连接，第一弹性件14可以为锁紧弹簧，通过该锁紧弹簧为锁紧块6提供锁紧力。
具体地，如图6所示，所述解锁组件包括连接盘15和弹性连接在所述连接盘15内盘面周向的多个推块9，所述连接盘15平行位于所述轴箱体2的外端面外，如图10所示，所述轴箱体2的外端面设有与所述推块9一一对应的第一通孔8，所述推块9的一端穿过所述第一通孔8并在每个所述推块9与所述轴箱体2的外端面内侧之间设有第二弹性件13，第二弹性件13可以为回复弹簧，回复弹簧套设在推块9上，回复弹簧的一端抵靠在推块9轴向的凸缘上，另一端抵靠在轴箱体2的外端面内侧，所述推块9与所述锁紧块6一一对应设置；通过回复弹簧为推块9提供往复移动的回复力，推块9的长度需要保证足以推动锁紧块6插入卡槽7。
为了便于推动，所述推块9的外端设置为倾斜面11，所述锁紧块6上设有与所述倾斜面11相对应的楔形槽12，所述倾斜面11及楔形槽12均从外向内从下向上倾斜，当推块9的倾斜面11沿楔形槽12渐渐滑入时，锁紧块6被逐渐下压直到插入卡槽7。
为了确保定位准确，所述锁紧组件还包括锁紧块定位圈4，如图8所示，所述锁紧块定位圈4固定套设于所述轴箱体2内，锁紧块定位圈4的内壁与轴承外套3的外壁发生相对滑动，避免了轴承外套3与轴箱体2之间相接触而发生磨损，从而提高了轴箱体2的使用寿命；所述锁紧块定位圈4的周向与所述锁紧块6的相对位置处设有第二通孔5，且在所述锁紧块定位圈4的外端面设有与所述第二通孔5一一对应且连通的通道10；所述通道10用于所述推块9进入，推动位于第二通孔5中的锁紧块6。其中，所述轴箱体2与所述锁紧块定位圈4设有所述第二通孔5的一端之间留有所述锁紧块6的活动间距，即可以将轴箱体2的内壁厚度在锁紧块6的安装部分减小，以适应锁紧块6的上下移动。
在一个实施例中，所述卡槽7的槽口边缘设置有第一倒角23。在实际变轨距的过程中，当车轮18之间的间距调整完毕后，很难确保锁紧块6与卡槽7的槽口完全对准，通常会存在一些偏差，从而使得锁紧块6不易嵌入到卡槽7中。通过在卡槽7的槽口边缘上设置第一倒角23，使得当卡槽7的槽口与锁紧块6之间的对准存在偏差时，在第一倒角23的作用下，锁紧块6能够沿所述第一倒角23嵌入到所述卡槽7中，进而解决了当锁紧块6与卡槽7的槽口存在偏差时，锁紧块6不易嵌入到所述卡槽7中的问题。
在一个实施例中，所述锁紧块6的底部设有第二倒角24，通过设置第二倒角24，使得锁紧块6在嵌入到卡槽7的过程中，当锁紧块6的底部与所述卡槽7的槽口之间的对准存在一定的偏差时，在所述第二倒角24的作用下，所述第二倒角24的表面相对卡槽7的槽口边缘滑动，在第二倒角24的导向作用下，嵌入块嵌入能够嵌入卡槽7中。
本实施例中，所述连接盘15的外周设有解锁端，所述解锁端被配置为卡入设于地面的解锁轨16中，通过所述解锁轨16中的通槽17推动所述连接盘15向解锁轨的外侧移动，从而带动推块离开所述锁紧块，锁紧 块在弹性力的作用下向上收缩离开卡槽，进行解锁，当车轮18轮距调整完毕后，所述连接盘15的解锁端与所述通槽17分离。如图5所示，通过设置所述解锁轨16，并在所述解锁轨16上设置所述通槽17，使得当列车变轨距时，连接盘15边缘(即解锁端)从入口端滑入通槽17内，并相对所述通槽17滑动。随着列车的向前行驶，连接盘15在过渡段滑动，使得推块9朝远离锁紧块6的方向滑动，从而实现解锁，所述轴承外套3与所述锁紧块定位圈4之间能够相对滑动，从而能够进行车轮18轮距调整。当所述连接盘15在变轨距段上滑动时，此时车轮18间轮距进行调整，当车轮18轮距调整完毕后，所述连接盘15与所述通槽17分离，在所述第二弹性件13的作用下，推块9自动朝靠近所述锁紧块6的方向滑动，倾斜面11沿楔形槽12滑动，锁紧块6受到下压的作用力，从而推动锁紧块6嵌入到所述卡槽7中，实现轴承外套3与锁紧块定位圈4之间的固定。通过通槽17与连接盘15之间的相互配合，实现了在列车的变轨距过程中，轴承外套3与锁紧块定位圈4之间自动分离和自动固定，因而保证变轨距更加方便。
具体地，为了便于车轮18安装，所述车轴19设有车轮18安装座，所述车轮18安装座的直径大于所述车轴19的直径，所述内套筒20呈阶梯形，所述内套筒20的大端套设在所述车轮18安装座上，所述内套筒20的小端套设在所述车轮18安装座外侧的所述车轴19上；且所述内套筒20的长度小于车轮18安装座与其外侧的车轴19长度之和，所小于的长度等于所需变轨距的一半。
在一个实施例中，所述轴箱体2的底部设置有支撑板25，当列车变轨距时，所述支撑板25被配置为支撑所述轴箱体2。
在列车实现变轨距的过程中，为了使车轮18能够发生移动，需要使车轮18处于悬空状态，此时车轮18的载荷由轴箱体2来承担。在轴箱体2承担车轮18荷载的过程中，轴箱体2需要与地面设置的支撑轨接触，并相对于支撑轨滑动，以确保列车在变轨距时仍然能够继续向前行驶。通过设置所述支撑板25，使得当列车变轨距时，所述支撑板25支撑所述轴箱体2，并相对于支撑轨滑动，避免了轴箱体2直接与支撑轨接触而磨损，从而延长了轴箱体2的使用寿命。另外，所述支撑板25的表面包覆有耐 磨材料层。
本申请实施例还提供了一种用于变轨距轮对的锁紧机构，包括锁紧组件、锁紧块6和解锁组件；如图1-3所示，所述锁紧组件可滑动地连接在车轴19两端且位于所述车轴19两端的轴箱体2中，所述锁紧组件与车轮18固定连接，具体地，所述车轮18通过内套筒20与所述车轴19可滑动连接，所述车轮18固定套设在所述内套筒20上，两者过盈连接为一个整体，确保了当车轮18与内套筒20之间发生扭矩传递时，内套筒20与车轮18之间不易发生相对运动，从而确保了车轮18与内套筒20之间的整体稳定性；如图11-12所示，内套筒20与车轴19的具体连接方式采用在内套筒20的内周设有内花键22，所述车轴19的两端分别设有与所述内花键22相匹配的外花键21，所述内套筒20与所述车轴19通过所述内花键22与外花键21连接，从而将扭矩均匀分布在车轮18及内套筒20的内周，既便于传递扭矩，也便于车轮18沿车轴19滑动实现变轨距，而且，由于车轮18不会直接与车轴19相接触，因而不会造成车轮18的磨损，从而提高了车轮18的使用寿命；所述锁紧装置包括锁紧组件、锁紧块6和解锁组件，所述锁紧组件固定套设于所述车轮18外侧的所述内套筒20上，且位于所述车轴19两端的轴箱体2中，所述锁紧块6弹性连接在所述轴箱体2中，所述锁紧组件的外表面沿轨距的变换方向设有多个卡槽7，所述锁紧块6在所述解锁组件的推力作用下插入所述卡槽7中实现所述车轮18锁紧，在车轮18变轨距之前，一直保持该锁紧状态，当车轮18需要解锁时，通过推动所述解锁组件离开所述锁紧块6，此时锁紧块6在弹性力作用下向上收缩离开所述卡槽7实现所述车轮18解锁，此时，向车轮18施加向内或向外的推力使得车轮18向内或向外移动所需变轨距的距离，随即解锁装置恢复对锁紧块6的推力，锁紧块6在弹性力的作用下再次插入变轨距后的卡槽7中实现所述车轮18锁紧，满足了列车变轨距的需求。
具体地，所述锁紧组件包括轴承1和轴承外套3，所述轴承1的内圈压装在所述内套筒20上，如图9所示，所述轴承外套3压装在所述轴承1的外圈形成一个滑移整体，且在滑移整体的两端采用密封，防止轴承1中的润滑油泄漏，也避免外部灰尘杂物等进入该滑移整体中，所述轴承外套3与所述轴箱体2之间间隙配合，当列车正常行驶时，车轴19需要相对轴 箱体2转动，使得内套筒20也需要相对轴箱体2转动。通过在所述内套筒20上设置所述轴承，使得当内套筒20转动时，所受到的阻力更小且不会发生磨损，从而延长了内套筒20的使用寿命；所述轴承外套3的外周间隔分布有多组所述卡槽7，每组所述卡槽7包括多个沿所述轴承外套3的轴向即轨距变换方向间隔设置的所述卡槽7，间隔的距离等于所需变轨距的一半，在变轨距时，车轴19两端的车轮18同时移动，两个车轮18各移动所需变轨距的一半距离，则总的移动距离便为所需变轨距的距离，例如从标准轨距变为窄轨距或宽轨距；或从窄轨距或宽轨距变为标准轨距，可以根据具体需要选择所变轨距。
具体地，如图7所示，所述锁紧块6沿所述轴箱体2的内周均匀排布，多组所述卡槽7沿所述轴承外套3的外周均匀分布，所述锁紧块6与多组所述卡槽7一一对应，即锁紧块6的数量与多组卡槽7的组数一一对应，即每组卡槽7对应一个所述锁紧块6，并通过第一弹性件14与所述轴箱体2的内壁连接，第一弹性件14可以为锁紧弹簧，通过该锁紧弹簧为锁紧块6提供锁紧力。
具体地，如图6所示，所述解锁组件包括连接盘15和弹性连接在所述连接盘15内盘面周向的多个推块9，所述连接盘15平行位于所述轴箱体2的外端面外，如图10所示，所述轴箱体2的外端面设有可拆卸的外端盖30，外端盖30上设有与所述推块9一一对应的第一通孔8，所述推块9的一端穿过所述第一通孔8并在每个所述推块9与所述轴箱体2的外端面内侧之间设有第二弹性件13，第二弹性件13可以为回复弹簧，回复弹簧套设在推块9上，回复弹簧的一端抵靠在推块9轴向的凸缘上，另一端抵靠在轴箱体2的外端面内侧，所述推块9与所述锁紧块6一一对应设置；通过回复弹簧为推块9提供往复移动的回复力，推块9的长度需要保证足以推动锁紧块6插入卡槽7。
为了便于推动，所述推块9的外端设置为倾斜面11，所述锁紧块6上设有与所述倾斜面11相对应的楔形槽12，所述倾斜面11及楔形槽12均从外向内从下向上倾斜，当推块9的倾斜面11沿楔形槽12渐渐滑入时，锁紧块6被逐渐下压直到插入卡槽7。
为了确保定位准确，所述锁紧组件还包括锁紧块定位圈4，如图8所 示，所述锁紧块定位圈4固定套设于所述轴箱体2内，锁紧块定位圈4的内壁与轴承外套3的外壁发生相对滑动，避免了轴承外套3与轴箱体2之间相接触而发生磨损，从而提高了轴箱体2的使用寿命；所述锁紧块定位圈4的周向与所述锁紧块6的相对位置处设有第二通孔5，且在所述锁紧块定位圈4的外端面设有与所述第二通孔5一一对应且连通的通道10；所述通道10用于所述推块9进入，推动位于第二通孔5中的锁紧块6。其中，所述轴箱体2与所述锁紧块定位圈4设有所述第二通孔5的一端之间留有所述锁紧块6的活动间距，即可以将轴箱体2的内壁厚度在锁紧块6的安装部分减小，以适应锁紧块6的上下移动。
具体地，为了便于锁紧块6以及锁紧块定位圈4安装，如图13所示，所述轴箱体2内沿其轴向从外向内依次设有相连通的第一环形通道27和第二环形通道28，所述第一环形通道27的内径大于所述第二环形通道28的内径，所述锁紧块6安装在所述第一环形通道27内，所述锁紧块定位圈固定安装在所述第二环形通道28内，所述轴箱体2的内端面设有供所述锁紧组件穿入所述锁紧块定位圈内的第三通孔29，第三通孔29的内径与锁紧块定位圈4的内径相同；所述第一环形通道27的内壁设有沿轴向延伸的滑动槽26，所述滑动槽26呈开口小、槽底大的T型或燕尾槽型，从而，当滑动块安装在滑动槽26中之后，不会脱落，以确保锁紧块的安装准确性；所述锁紧块6包括锁紧块主体和与所述滑动槽26相匹配的滑动块，所述锁紧块通过所述滑动块安装在所述滑动槽26中，当安装位置确定后，滑动块可以通过紧固件紧固在滑动槽26中固定其位置，所述滑动块与所述锁紧块主体之间通过第一弹性件14连接。
在一个实施例中，所述卡槽7的槽口边缘设置有第一倒角23。在实际变轨距的过程中，当车轮18之间的间距调整完毕后，很难确保锁紧块6与卡槽7的槽口完全对准，通常会存在一些偏差，从而使得锁紧块6不易嵌入到卡槽7中。通过在卡槽7的槽口边缘上设置第一倒角23，使得当卡槽7的槽口与锁紧块6之间的对准存在偏差时，在第一倒角23的作用下，锁紧块6能够沿所述第一倒角23嵌入到所述卡槽7中，进而解决了当锁紧块6与卡槽7的槽口存在偏差时，锁紧块6不易嵌入到所述卡槽7中的问题。
在一个实施例中，所述锁紧块6的底部设有第二倒角24，通过设置第二倒角24，使得锁紧块6在嵌入到卡槽7的过程中，当锁紧块6的底部与所述卡槽7的槽口之间的对准存在一定的偏差时，在所述第二倒角24的作用下，所述第二倒角24的表面相对卡槽7的槽口边缘滑动，在第二倒角24的导向作用下，嵌入块嵌入能够嵌入卡槽7中。
具体地，所述连接盘15的外周设有解锁端，所述解锁端被配置为卡入设于地面的解锁轨16中，通过所述解锁轨16中的通槽17推动所述连接盘15向解锁轨的外侧移动，从而带动推块离开所述锁紧块，锁紧块在弹性力的作用下向上收缩离开卡槽，进行解锁，当车轮18轮距调整完毕后，所述连接盘15的解锁端与所述通槽17分离。如图5所示，通过设置所述解锁轨16，并在所述解锁轨16上设置所述通槽17，使得当列车变轨距时，连接盘15边缘(即解锁端)从入口端滑入通槽17内，并相对所述通槽17滑动。随着列车的向前行驶，连接盘15在过渡段滑动，使得推块9朝远离锁紧块6的方向滑动，从而实现解锁，所述轴承外套3与所述锁紧块定位圈4之间能够相对滑动，从而能够进行车轮18轮距调整。当所述连接盘15在变轨距段上滑动时，此时车轮18间轮距进行调整，当车轮18轮距调整完毕后，所述连接盘15与所述通槽17分离，在所述第二弹性件13的作用下，推块9自动朝靠近所述锁紧块6的方向滑动，倾斜面11沿楔形槽12滑动，锁紧块6受到下压的作用力，从而推动锁紧块6嵌入到所述卡槽7中，实现轴承外套3与锁紧块定位圈4之间的固定。通过通槽17与连接盘15之间的相互配合，实现了在列车的变轨距过程中，轴承外套3与锁紧块定位圈4之间自动分离和自动固定，因而保证变轨距更加方便。
具体地，为了便于车轮18安装，所述车轴19设有车轮18安装座，所述车轮18安装座的直径大于所述车轴19的直径，所述内套筒20呈阶梯形，所述内套筒20的大端套设在所述车轮18安装座上，所述内套筒20的小端套设在所述车轮18安装座外侧的所述车轴19上；且所述内套筒20的长度小于车轮18安装座与其外侧的车轴19长度之和，所小于的长度等于所需变轨距的一半。
在一个实施例中，所述轴箱体2的底部设置有支撑板25，当列车变轨 距时，所述支撑板25被配置为支撑所述轴箱体2。
在列车实现变轨距的过程中，为了使车轮18能够发生移动，需要使车轮18处于悬空状态，此时车轮18的载荷由轴箱体2来承担。在轴箱体2承担车轮18荷载的过程中，轴箱体2需要与地面设置的支撑轨接触，并相对于支撑轨滑动，以确保列车在变轨距时仍然能够继续向前行驶。通过设置所述支撑板25，使得当列车变轨距时，所述支撑板25支撑所述轴箱体2，并相对于支撑轨滑动，避免了轴箱体2直接与支撑轨接触而磨损，从而延长了轴箱体2的使用寿命。另外，所述支撑板25的表面包覆有耐磨材料层。
由以上实施例可以看出，本申请的结构设计巧妙，锁紧可靠，解锁方便，满足了列车变轨距的需求。
以上所述仅为本申请的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本申请，凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种用于变轨距列车的轮对，其特征在于，包括车轮、车轴和锁紧装置；所述车轮通过内套筒与所述车轴可滑动连接，所述车轮固定套设在所述内套筒上，所述锁紧装置包括锁紧组件、锁紧块和解锁组件，所述锁紧组件固定套设于所述车轮外侧的所述内套筒上，且位于所述车轴两端的轴箱体中，所述锁紧块弹性连接在所述轴箱体中，所述锁紧组件的外表面沿轨距的变换方向设有多个卡槽，所述锁紧块在所述解锁组件的推力作用下插入所述卡槽中实现所述车轮锁紧，通过推动所述解锁组件离开所述锁紧块，所述锁紧块在弹性力作用下向上收缩离开所述卡槽实现所述车轮解锁。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的用于变轨距列车的轮对，其特征在于，所述内套筒的内周设有内花键，所述车轴的两端分别设有与所述内花键相匹配的外花键，所述内套筒与所述车轴通过所述内花键与外花键连接。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的用于变轨距列车的轮对，其特征在于，所述锁紧组件包括轴承和轴承外套，所述轴承的内圈压装在所述内套筒上，所述轴承外套压装在所述轴承的外圈，所述轴承外套与所述轴箱体之间间隙配合；所述轴承外套的外周分布有多组所述卡槽，每组所述卡槽包括多个沿所述轴承外套的轴向间隔设置的所述卡槽，间隔的距离等于所需变轨距的一半。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的用于变轨距列车的轮对，其特征在于，所述锁紧块沿所述轴箱体的内周排布，并通过第一弹性件与所述轴箱体的内壁连接。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的用于变轨距列车的轮对，其特征在于，所述解锁组件包括连接盘和弹性连接在所述连接盘内盘面周向的推块，所述连接盘位于所述轴箱体的外端面外，所述轴箱体的外端面设有与所述推块一一对应的第一通孔，所述推块穿过所述第一通孔并在每个所述推块与所述轴箱体的外端面内侧之间设有第二弹性件，所述推块与所述锁紧块一一对应设置。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的用于变轨距列车的轮对，其特征在于，所述推块的外端设置为倾斜面，所述锁紧块上设有与所述倾斜面相对应的楔 形槽，所述倾斜面及楔形槽均从外向内从下向上倾斜。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的用于变轨距列车的轮对，其特征在于，所述连接盘的外周设有解锁端，所述解锁端被配置为卡入设于地面的解锁轨中，通过所述解锁轨中的通槽推动所述连接盘向解锁轨的外侧移动，从而带动所述推块离开所述锁紧块，进行解锁。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的用于变轨距列车的轮对，其特征在于，所述锁紧组件还包括锁紧块定位圈，所述锁紧块定位圈固定套设于所述轴箱体内，所述锁紧块定位圈的周向与所述锁紧块的相对位置处设有第二通孔，且在所述锁紧块定位圈的外端面设有与所述第二通孔一一对应且连通的通道；所述通道用于所述推块进入。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的用于变轨距列车的轮对，其特征在于，所述轴箱体与所述锁紧块定位圈设有所述第二通孔的一端之间留有所述锁紧块的活动间距。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9任一项所述的用于变轨距列车的轮对，其特征在于，所述车轴设有车轮安装座，所述车轮安装座的直径大于所述车轴的直径，所述内套筒呈阶梯形，所述内套筒的大端套设在所述车轮安装座上，所述内套筒的小端套设在所述车轮安装座外侧的所述车轴上；且所述内套筒的长度小于车轮安装座与其外侧的车轴长度之和，所小于的长度等于所需变轨距的一半。
  11. 一种用于变轨距轮对的锁紧机构，其特征在于，包括锁紧组件、锁紧块和解锁组件；所述锁紧组件可滑动地连接在车轴两端且位于所述车轴两端的轴箱体中，所述锁紧组件与车轮固定连接，所述锁紧块弹性连接在所述轴箱体中，所述锁紧组件的外表面沿轨距的变换方向设有多个卡槽，所述锁紧块在所述解锁组件的推力作用下插入所述卡槽中实现所述车轮锁紧，通过推动所述解锁组件离开所述锁紧块，所述锁紧块在弹性力作用下向上收缩离开所述卡槽实现所述车轮解锁。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的用于变轨距轮对的锁紧机构，其特征在于，所述车轮通过内套筒与所述车轴可滑动连接，所述车轮固定套设在所述内套筒上，所述内套筒的内周设有内花键，所述车轴的两端分别设有与所述内花键相匹配的外花键，所述内套筒与所述车轴通过所述内花键与外 花键连接。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的用于变轨距轮对的锁紧机构，其特征在于，所述锁紧组件包括轴承和轴承外套，所述轴承的内圈压装在所述车轮外侧的所述内套筒上，所述轴承外套压装在所述轴承的外圈，所述轴承外套与所述轴箱体之间间隙配合；所述轴承外套的外周分布有多组所述卡槽，每组所述卡槽包括多个沿所述轴承外套的轴向间隔设置的所述卡槽，间隔的距离等于所需变轨距的一半。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的用于变轨距轮对的锁紧机构，其特征在于，所述锁紧块沿所述轴箱体的内周均匀排布，多组所述卡槽沿所述轴承外套的外周均匀分布，所述锁紧块与多组所述卡槽一一对应。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的用于变轨距轮对的锁紧机构，其特征在于，所述解锁组件包括连接盘和弹性连接在所述连接盘内盘面周向的推块，所述连接盘位于所述轴箱体的外端面外，所述轴箱体的外端面设有与所述推块一一对应的第一通孔，所述推块穿过所述第一通孔并在每个所述推块与所述轴箱体的外端面内侧之间设有第二弹性件，所述推块与所述锁紧块一一对应设置。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的用于变轨距轮对的锁紧机构，其特征在于，所述推块的外端设置为倾斜面，所述锁紧块上设有与所述倾斜面相对应的楔形槽，所述倾斜面及楔形槽均从外向内从下向上倾斜。
  17. 根据权利要求15所述的用于变轨距轮对的锁紧机构，其特征在于，所述连接盘的外周设有解锁端，所述解锁端被配置为卡入设于地面的解锁轨中，通过所述解锁轨中的通槽推动所述连接盘向解锁轨的外侧移动，从而带动所述推块离开所述锁紧块，进行解锁。
  18. 根据权利要求15所述的用于变轨距轮对的锁紧机构，其特征在于，所述锁紧组件还包括锁紧块定位圈，所述锁紧块定位圈固定套设于所述轴箱体内，所述锁紧块定位圈的周向与所述锁紧块的相对位置处设有第二通孔，且在所述锁紧块定位圈的外端面设有与所述第二通孔一一对应且连通的通道；所述通道用于所述推块进入。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的用于变轨距轮对的锁紧机构，其特征在于，所述轴箱体内沿其轴向从外向内依次设有相连通的第一环形通道和第 二环形通道，所述第一环形通道的内径大于所述第二环形通道的内径，所述锁紧块安装在所述第一环形通道内，所述锁紧块定位圈固定安装在所述第二环形通道内。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的用于变轨距轮对的锁紧机构，其特征在于，所述第一环形通道的内壁设有沿轴向延伸的滑动槽，所述滑动槽呈开口小、槽底大的T型或燕尾槽型；所述锁紧块包括锁紧块主体和与所述滑动槽相匹配的滑动块，所述锁紧块通过所述滑动块安装在所述滑动槽中，所述滑动块与所述锁紧块主体之间通过第一弹性件连接。
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CN107628055A (zh) * 2017-09-01 2018-01-26 西南交通大学 一种应用于变轨距转向架的轨距变换组件
CN108909357A (zh) * 2018-07-05 2018-11-30 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 一种用于变轨距轮对的锁紧机构
CN108909759A (zh) * 2018-07-05 2018-11-30 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 一种用于变轨距列车的轮对

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