WO2020001572A1 - 通信方法及装置 - Google Patents

通信方法及装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020001572A1
WO2020001572A1 PCT/CN2019/093410 CN2019093410W WO2020001572A1 WO 2020001572 A1 WO2020001572 A1 WO 2020001572A1 CN 2019093410 W CN2019093410 W CN 2019093410W WO 2020001572 A1 WO2020001572 A1 WO 2020001572A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
user plane
terminal
unicast
transmission path
plane gateway
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2019/093410
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
葛翠丽
杨艳梅
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to EP19824483.2A priority Critical patent/EP3800937A4/en
Publication of WO2020001572A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020001572A1/zh
Priority to US17/132,423 priority patent/US11917498B2/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H04W36/0005—Control or signalling for completing the hand-off
    • H04W36/0007—Control or signalling for completing the hand-off for multicast or broadcast services, e.g. MBMS
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H04W36/34—Reselection control
    • H04W36/38—Reselection control by fixed network equipment
    • H04W36/385—Reselection control by fixed network equipment of the core network
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/30—Resource management for broadcast services
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W76/00—Connection management
    • H04W76/10—Connection setup
    • H04W76/11—Allocation or use of connection identifiers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W76/00—Connection management
    • H04W76/10—Connection setup
    • H04W76/12—Setup of transport tunnels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/16—Gateway arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H04W36/24—Reselection being triggered by specific parameters
    • H04W36/30—Reselection being triggered by specific parameters by measured or perceived connection quality data
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/06—Selective distribution of broadcast services, e.g. multimedia broadcast multicast service [MBMS]; Services to user groups; One-way selective calling services
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W76/00—Connection management
    • H04W76/40—Connection management for selective distribution or broadcast
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W92/00—Interfaces specially adapted for wireless communication networks
    • H04W92/16—Interfaces between hierarchically similar devices
    • H04W92/24—Interfaces between hierarchically similar devices between backbone network devices

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of communication technologies, and in particular, to a communication method and device.
  • both the multicast transmission path and the unicast transmission path are established by an application server (data server) in a data network (DN).
  • the application server can switch the path through the application layer interface and protocol with the application client in the terminal, that is, the service data of the terminal is transferred from the multicast through the application layer control signaling.
  • the transmission path is switched to a unicast transmission path for transmission.
  • the application layer control signaling used to control the path switching needs to be transmitted to the DN for processing. Since the DN is located outside the mobile communication network, the transmission path of the application layer control signaling will be caused. Long transmission delay.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide a communication method and device, which are used to solve the problem caused by the application layer control signaling used to control path switching during transmission of path switching to a DN outside the mobile communication network for processing.
  • the signaling transmission path is long and the transmission delay is large.
  • a communication method including: a first core network device receives a request message from a terminal, the request message is used to request that service data to be sent to the terminal is switched from a multicast mode to a unicast mode; A core network device instructs the multicast user plane gateway and / or the service server corresponding to the terminal to send the service data to be sent to the terminal in a unicast manner according to the request message.
  • the first core network device instructs the service server and / or the multicast user plane gateway to send target data to the terminal through unicast, so that the service server and / or The multicast user plane gateway sends target data to the terminal in unicast mode according to the instruction, thereby completing the path switching through the core network device, which can avoid the information caused by the application layer control signaling that needs to be transmitted to a DN outside the mobile communication network for processing.
  • the problem is that the transmission path is long and the transmission delay is large.
  • the method further includes: the first core network device sends information about the unicast user plane gateway corresponding to the terminal to the multicast user plane gateway and / or the service server.
  • This possible implementation manner can enable the multicast user plane gateway and / or the service server to determine a unicast user plane gateway that sends service data to be sent to the terminal, and then enable the multicast user plane gateway and / or the service server to unicast The method sends service data to be sent to the terminal to the terminal.
  • the first core network device instructs the multicast user plane gateway and / or the service server to send the service data to be sent to the terminal through a unicast according to the request message
  • the method includes: the first core network device sends the unicast user plane gateway information corresponding to the terminal to the multicast user plane gateway and / or the service server according to the request message.
  • This possible implementation manner can enable the multicast user plane gateway and / or the service server to determine a unicast user plane gateway that sends service data to be sent to the terminal, and then enable the multicast user plane gateway and / or the service server to unicast
  • the method sends service data to be sent to the terminal to the terminal.
  • the method further includes: obtaining, by the first core network device, a unicast user plane according to the request message Gateway information.
  • the first core network device can obtain the unicast user plane gateway information, so as to send the unicast user plane gateway information to the multicast user plane gateway and / or the service server.
  • the first core network device obtains information about the unicast user plane gateway according to the request message, including: the first core network device according to the request Message, requesting information about the unicast user plane gateway from the second core network device; the first core network device receives information about the unicast user plane gateway from the second core network device.
  • the first core network device can obtain a single Broadcast user plane gateway information.
  • the request message includes an identifier of a unicast transmission path corresponding to the terminal.
  • This possible implementation manner enables the second core network device to determine the unicast user plane gateway according to the identifier of the unicast transmission path.
  • the request message includes an identifier of a multicast transmission path corresponding to the terminal
  • the method further includes: A core network device sends the identifier of the unicast transmission path and the multicast transmission path corresponding to the terminal to the second core network device; or the first core network device sends the unicast transmission path corresponding to the terminal to the second core network device.
  • the identification and information of the multicast user plane gateway; the information of the multicast user plane gateway is the tunnel identifier of the multicast user plane gateway, or the information of the multicast user plane gateway is the user plane address and port number of the multicast user plane gateway.
  • This possible implementation manner enables the second core network device to obtain the identifier of the unicast transmission path and the identifier of the multicast transmission path, or the identifier of the unicast transmission path and the information of the multicast user plane gateway.
  • the first core network device acquires the unicast user plane gateway information according to the request message, including: the first core network device according to the request Message to determine the unicast transmission path corresponding to the terminal; the first core network device obtains information about the unicast user plane gateway according to the unicast transmission path.
  • the first core network device can obtain the information of the unicast user plane gateway, so as to send the information of the unicast user plane gateway to the multicast user plane gateway and / or the service server.
  • the first core network device determines the unicast transmission path corresponding to the terminal according to the request message, including: the request message includes an identifier of the terminal The first core network device determines one of the at least one QoS flow corresponding to the identifier of the terminal as a unicast transmission path; or the request message includes the identifier of the PDU session of the terminal, and the first core network device determines the PDU of the terminal One of the at least one QoS flow corresponding to the identifier of the session is determined as a unicast transmission path; or, the request message includes the identification of the QoS flow, and the first core network device determines the QoS flow corresponding to the identification of the QoS flow as unicast. Transmission path.
  • the first core network device can determine the unicast transmission path to which the handover is performed.
  • the method further includes: the first core network device instructs the unicast user plane gateway to receive The service data to be sent to the terminal is sent to the terminal through a unicast transmission path.
  • the unicast user plane gateway is instructed to send the received service data to be sent to the terminal to the terminal through the unicast transmission path, thereby implementing path switching.
  • the request message includes an identifier of a multicast transmission path corresponding to the terminal, and the first core network device instructs the unicast user plane gateway to receive
  • the service data to be sent to the terminal is sent to the terminal through the unicast transmission path, which includes: the first core network device sends the identification of the unicast transmission path and the identification of the multicast transmission path to the unicast user plane gateway; or, the first core The network device sends the identification of the unicast transmission path and the information of the multicast user plane gateway to the unicast user plane gateway; the information of the multicast user plane gateway is the tunnel identifier of the multicast user plane gateway, or the information of the multicast user plane gateway User plane address and port number of the multicast user plane gateway.
  • This possible implementation manner enables the unicast user plane gateway to obtain the identifier of the unicast transmission path and the identifier of the multicast transmission path, or the identifier of the unicast transmission path and the information of the multicast user plane gateway, so that the unicast user plane The gateway switches the service data to be sent to the terminal from the multicast transmission path corresponding to the terminal to the unicast transmission path corresponding to the terminal through the unicast transmission path to the terminal, thereby implementing path switching.
  • the method further includes: sending by the first core network device to the terminal A response message to the request message, where the response message includes the identity of the unicast transmission path.
  • This possible implementation manner enables the terminal to determine a unicast transmission path for receiving service data to be sent to the terminal, so that the terminal can correctly receive service data.
  • a communication method including: the second core network device receives a request message from the first core network device, the request message is used to request information about a unicast user plane gateway corresponding to the terminal; The request message sends the unicast user plane gateway information to the first core network device.
  • the second core network device may send the unicast user plane gateway information to the first core network device according to the request message, so that the first core network device determines the unicast user plane gateway.
  • the request message includes an identifier of a unicast transmission path corresponding to the terminal
  • the method further includes: the second core network device instructs the unicast user plane gateway to pass the unicast transmission path , Sending the received service data to be sent to the terminal that is switched from the multicast transmission path corresponding to the terminal to the unicast transmission path.
  • the unicast user plane gateway is instructed to send the received service data to be sent to the terminal to the terminal through the unicast transmission path, thereby implementing path switching.
  • the request message further includes: an identification of a multicast transmission path
  • the method further includes: the second core network device sends a unicast user
  • the area gateway sends the identification of the unicast transmission path and the identification of the multicast transmission path.
  • the request message further includes: information of the multicast user plane gateway corresponding to the terminal, and the information of the multicast user plane gateway is multicast.
  • the tunnel identifier of the user plane gateway, or the information of the multicast user plane gateway is the user plane address and port number of the multicast user plane gateway.
  • the method further includes: the second core network device sends a unicast transmission to the unicast user plane gateway. Path identification and multicast user plane gateway information.
  • This possible implementation manner can enable the unicast user plane gateway to obtain the identification of the unicast transmission path and the information of the multicast user plane gateway, so that the unicast user plane gateway will switch from the multicast transmission path corresponding to the terminal to the terminal corresponding to the multicast transmission path.
  • the service data of the unicast transmission path to be sent to the terminal is sent to the terminal through the unicast transmission path, thereby implementing path switching.
  • the method further includes: the second core network device receives the identification of the unicast transmission path and the identification of the multicast transmission path from the first core network device, and sends the identification to the unicast
  • the user plane gateway sends the identifier of the unicast transmission path and the identifier of the multicast transmission path; or, the second core network device receives the identifier of the unicast transmission path and the information of the multicast user plane gateway corresponding to the terminal from the first core network device, And sends the identification of the unicast transmission path and the information of the multicast user plane gateway to the unicast user plane gateway;
  • the information of the multicast user plane gateway is the tunnel identifier of the multicast user plane gateway, or the information of the multicast user plane gateway is User plane address and port number of the multicast user plane gateway.
  • This possible implementation manner enables the unicast user plane gateway to obtain the identifier of the unicast transmission path and the identifier of the multicast transmission path, or the identifier of the unicast transmission path and the information of the multicast user plane gateway, so that the unicast user plane The gateway switches the service data to be sent to the terminal from the multicast transmission path corresponding to the terminal to the unicast transmission path corresponding to the terminal through the unicast transmission path to the terminal, thereby implementing path switching.
  • a communication method including: the terminal sends a request message to a first core network device, the request message is used to request that service data to be sent to the terminal is switched from a multicast mode to a unicast mode; The first core network device receives a response message of the request message.
  • the terminal can send a request message to the first core network device, so that the first core network device switches the service data to be sent to the terminal from the multicast mode to the unicast mode, thereby avoiding application layer control Signaling needs to be transmitted to a DN outside the mobile communication network for processing, which results in long signaling transmission paths and large transmission delays.
  • the request message includes an identifier of a multicast transmission path corresponding to the terminal. This possible implementation manner enables the first core network device to determine a multicast transmission path to be switched.
  • the request message further includes an identifier of the terminal, an identifier of a PDU session of the terminal, or an identifier of a QoS flow of the terminal.
  • the identifier of the terminal, the identifier of the PDU session, or the identifier of the QoS flow of the terminal included in the request message may be used by the first core network device to determine the unicast transmission path corresponding to the terminal.
  • the response message includes an identifier of the unicast transmission path corresponding to the terminal.
  • the terminal can determine a unicast transmission path for receiving service data to be sent to the terminal, and thus correctly receive the service data.
  • a communication method including: a unicast user plane gateway receiving a service to be sent to a terminal for instructing to switch a received multicast transmission path corresponding to a terminal to a unicast transmission path corresponding to the terminal The data is sent to the terminal through the unicast transmission path.
  • the unicast user plane gateway receives the service data to be sent to the terminal.
  • the unicast user plane gateway sends the service data to be sent to the terminal through the unicast transmission path.
  • the unicast user plane gateway may receive an instruction, and according to the instruction, the service data to be sent to the terminal is switched from the multicast transmission path corresponding to the terminal to the unicast transmission path corresponding to the terminal through unicast transmission.
  • the path is sent to the terminal to implement path switching.
  • the method further includes: the unicast user plane gateway receives the identifier of the unicast transmission path and the multicast transmission path identifier; or the unicast user plane gateway receives the unicast The identification of the transmission path and the information of the multicast user plane gateway; the information of the multicast user plane gateway is the tunnel identifier of the multicast user plane gateway, or the information of the multicast user plane gateway is the user plane address of the multicast user plane gateway and The port number.
  • the unicast user plane gateway can determine the identifier of the unicast transmission path and the identifier of the multicast transmission path; or the identifier of the unicast transmission path and the information of the multicast user plane gateway.
  • the method further includes: the unicast user plane gateway determines the unicast transmission path according to the identity of the unicast transmission path.
  • the unicast user plane gateway can determine a unicast transmission path.
  • the method further includes: a unicast user plane gateway according to an identifier or multiple of a multicast transmission path. Broadcast the user plane gateway information to determine the service data to be sent to the terminal. In this possible implementation manner, the unicast user plane gateway can determine the service data to be sent to the terminal.
  • a communication method including: the multicast user plane gateway receives instruction information from a first core network device, and the instruction information is used to instruct the terminal to send a multicast transmission path corresponding to the terminal to the terminal by unicast.
  • the multicast user plane gateway may switch from a multicast transmission path corresponding to the terminal to a unicast transmission path corresponding to the terminal, and the service data to be sent to the terminal is sent in a unicast manner according to the received instruction information. To achieve path switching.
  • the method further includes: the multicast user plane gateway receives the unicast user plane gateway information from the first core network device. In this possible implementation manner, the multicast user plane gateway can determine the unicast user plane gateway by receiving the information of the unicast user plane gateway.
  • the method further includes: the multicast user plane gateway determines the unicast user plane gateway according to the information of the unicast user plane gateway. In this possible implementation manner, the multicast user plane gateway may determine the unicast user plane gateway, and thereby send the service data to be sent to the terminal to the unicast user plane gateway.
  • a communication method including: the service server receives instruction information from a first core network device, and the instruction information is used to instruct the terminal to send a multicast transmission path corresponding to the terminal to the terminal corresponding to the terminal by unicast.
  • the service server may switch the multicast transmission path corresponding to the terminal to the unicast transmission path corresponding to the terminal, and the service data to be sent to the terminal is transmitted in a unicast manner according to the received instruction information, thereby achieving Path switch.
  • the method further includes: the service server receives the unicast user plane gateway information from the first core network device.
  • the service server can determine the unicast user plane gateway by receiving the information of the unicast user plane gateway.
  • the method further includes: the service server determines the unicast user plane gateway according to the information of the unicast user plane gateway.
  • the service server may determine the unicast user plane gateway, and thereby send the service data to be sent to the terminal to the unicast user plane gateway.
  • a communication device including: a communication unit and a processing unit; the communication unit is configured to receive a request message from the terminal, and the request message is used to request that the service data to be sent to the terminal is switched from the multicast mode to Transmission in unicast mode; the processing unit is configured to instruct the multicast user plane gateway and / or service server corresponding to the terminal to send the service data to be sent to the terminal through the unicast mode according to the request message.
  • the communication unit is further configured to send information about the unicast user plane gateway corresponding to the terminal to the multicast user plane gateway and / or the service server.
  • the processing unit is specifically configured to send the information of the unicast user plane gateway corresponding to the terminal to the multicast user plane gateway and / or the service server through the communication unit according to the request message.
  • the processing unit is further configured to obtain information about the unicast user plane gateway according to the request message.
  • the processing unit is specifically configured to request the unicast user plane gateway information from the second core network device through the communication unit according to the request message, And receiving unicast user plane gateway information from the second core network device.
  • the request message includes an identifier of a unicast transmission path corresponding to the terminal.
  • the request message includes an identifier of a multicast transmission path corresponding to the terminal, and the communication unit is further used for Send the identifier of the unicast transmission path and the identifier of the multicast transmission path corresponding to the terminal to the second core network device; or, the communication unit is further configured to send the identifier of the unicast transmission path and the identifier corresponding to the terminal to the second core network device.
  • the information of the multicast user plane gateway is the tunnel identifier of the multicast user plane gateway, or the information of the multicast user plane gateway is the user plane address and port number of the multicast user plane gateway.
  • the processing unit is specifically configured to determine a unicast transmission path corresponding to the terminal according to the request message, and obtain a unicast transmission path according to the unicast transmission path. Broadcast user plane gateway information.
  • the processing unit is specifically configured to: include a terminal identifier in the request message, and one of at least one QoS flow corresponding to the terminal identifier.
  • the QoS flow is determined as a unicast transmission path; or, the request message includes the identifier of the PDU session of the terminal, and one of the at least one QoS flow corresponding to the identification of the PDU session of the terminal is determined as the unicast transmission path; or, the request The message includes the identification of the QoS flow, and the QoS flow corresponding to the identification of the QoS flow is determined as a unicast transmission path.
  • the processing unit is further configured to instruct the unicast user plane gateway to receive the to-be-sent to the terminal Service data is sent to the terminal through a unicast transmission path.
  • the request message includes an identifier of a multicast transmission path corresponding to the terminal
  • the processing unit is specifically configured to: through the communication unit to the unicast user plane
  • the gateway sends the identification of the unicast transmission path and the identification of the multicast transmission path; or, sends the identification of the unicast transmission path and the information of the multicast user plane gateway to the unicast user plane gateway through the communication unit;
  • the information of the multicast user plane gateway Is the tunnel identifier of the multicast user plane gateway, or the information of the multicast user plane gateway is the user plane address and port number of the multicast user plane gateway.
  • the communication unit is further configured to send a response to the request message to the terminal Message, the response message includes the identity of the unicast transmission path.
  • a communication device including: a communication unit and a processing unit; the communication unit is configured to receive a request message from a first core network device, and the request message is used to request information of a unicast user plane gateway corresponding to a terminal; The processing unit is configured to send the unicast user plane gateway information to the first core network device through the communication unit according to the request message.
  • the request message includes an identifier of a unicast transmission path corresponding to the terminal
  • the processing unit is further configured to instruct the unicast user plane gateway to receive the received unicast transmission path through the unicast transmission path.
  • the service data to be sent to the terminal after switching from the multicast transmission path corresponding to the terminal to the unicast transmission path is sent to the terminal.
  • the request message further includes: an identification of a multicast transmission path, a communication unit, and is further configured to send a unicast message to a unicast user plane gateway.
  • the identification of the multicast transmission path and the identification of the multicast transmission path are further configured to send a unicast message to a unicast user plane gateway.
  • the request message further includes: information of the multicast user plane gateway corresponding to the terminal, and the information of the multicast user plane gateway is multicast.
  • the tunnel identifier of the user plane gateway, or the information of the multicast user plane gateway is the user plane address and port number of the multicast user plane gateway, and the communication unit is also used to send the identification and address of the unicast transmission path to the unicast user plane gateway. Multicast user plane gateway information.
  • the communication unit is further configured to receive the identifier of the unicast transmission path and the identifier of the multicast transmission path from the first core network device, and send the identifier to the unicast user plane gateway.
  • the identification of the unicast transmission path and the identification of the multicast transmission path; or, the communication unit is further configured to receive the identification of the unicast transmission path and the information of the multicast user plane gateway corresponding to the terminal from the first core network device, and The multicast user plane gateway sends the identification of the unicast transmission path and the information of the multicast user plane gateway; the information of the multicast user plane gateway is the tunnel identifier of the multicast user plane gateway, or the information of the multicast user plane gateway is the multicast user User plane address and port number of the plane gateway.
  • a communication device including: a communication unit and a processing unit; the processing unit is configured to send a request message to the first core network device through the communication unit, and the request message is used to request service data to be sent to the terminal Switching from multicast mode to unicast mode transmission; the processing unit is further configured to receive the response message of the request message from the first core network device through the communication unit.
  • the request message includes an identifier of a multicast transmission path corresponding to the terminal.
  • the request message further includes an identifier of the terminal, an identifier of a PDU session of the terminal, or an identifier of a QoS flow of the terminal.
  • the response message includes an identifier of the unicast transmission path corresponding to the terminal.
  • a communication device including: a communication unit and a processing unit; the communication unit is configured to receive an instruction for switching a received multicast transmission path corresponding to a terminal to a unicast transmission path corresponding to the terminal.
  • the communication unit is further configured to receive the identifier of the unicast transmission path and the identifier of the multicast transmission path; or the communication unit is further configured to receive the unicast transmission path.
  • the processing unit is further configured to determine a unicast transmission path according to an identifier of the unicast transmission path.
  • the processing unit is further configured to identify a multicast transmission path or a multicast user plane gateway. Information to determine the service data to be sent to the terminal.
  • a communication device including: a communication unit and a processing unit; the communication unit is configured to receive instruction information from a first core network device, and the instruction information is used to instruct a terminal to send a response from the terminal to the terminal by unicast.
  • the multicast transmission path is switched to the service data to be sent to the terminal corresponding to the unicast transmission path corresponding to the terminal; the processing unit is configured to send the received data from the service server to the unicast user plane gateway corresponding to the terminal through the communication unit according to the instruction information Business data to be sent to the terminal.
  • the communication unit is further configured to receive unicast user plane gateway information from the first core network device.
  • the processing unit is further configured to determine the unicast user plane gateway according to the information of the unicast user plane gateway.
  • a communication device including: a communication unit and a processing unit; the communication unit is configured to receive instruction information from a first core network device, and the instruction information is used to instruct the terminal to send a corresponding response from the terminal to the terminal by unicast.
  • the switching of the multicast transmission path to the unicast transmission path corresponding to the terminal is to be sent to the terminal; the processing unit is configured to send, according to the instruction information, the unicast user plane gateway corresponding to the terminal to the terminal through the communication unit.
  • the communication unit is further configured to receive unicast user plane gateway information from the first core network device.
  • the processing unit is further configured to determine the unicast user plane gateway according to the information of the unicast user plane gateway.
  • a communication device includes: a memory, a processor, at least one communication interface, and a communication bus; the memory is configured to store a computer to execute instructions; the processor, the memory, and the at least one communication interface are connected through a communication bus; The processor executes a computer execution instruction stored in the memory, so that the device executes a corresponding method.
  • the apparatus may be the first core network device, the second core network device, a unicast user plane gateway, a multicast user plane gateway, a terminal, or a service server.
  • the method corresponding to the device is any one of the methods provided in the first aspect; when the device is a second core network device, the method corresponding to the device is any of the methods provided in the second aspect A method; when the device is a terminal, the method corresponding to the device is any one of the methods provided in the third aspect; when the device is a unicast user plane gateway, the method corresponding to the device is any of the methods provided in the fourth aspect A method; when the device is a multicast user plane gateway, the method corresponding to the device is any one of the methods provided by the fifth aspect; when the device is a service server, the method corresponding to the device is the one provided by the sixth aspect Either method.
  • the device may exist in the form of a chip product.
  • a computer-readable storage medium including instructions, which, when run on a computer, cause the computer to execute any one of the methods provided in any one of the first to sixth aspects.
  • a computer program product containing instructions which when run on a computer, causes the computer to execute any one of the methods provided in any one of the first to sixth aspects.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a 5G network according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIGS. 2 to 4 are schematic diagrams of the composition of a MBMS data transmission system according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a hardware structure of a communication device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • 6 to 9 are schematic flowcharts of a communication method according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • a plurality means two or more.
  • the words “first” and “second” do not limit the number and execution order, and the words “first” and “second” are not necessarily different.
  • GSM Global System for Mobile Communication
  • E-UTRA Evolved Universal UTRA
  • UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
  • LTE Long-Term Evolution
  • 5G 5th-generation
  • FIG. 1 exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of a network architecture of a 5G network.
  • a 5G network may include the following network function (NF) entities: authentication server function (AUSF) entities, access and mobility management functions (AMF) Entity, DN, unified data management (UDM) entity, policy control function (PCF) entity, (radio) access network ((radio) access network (R) AN) entity, user plane A function (user plane function (UPF) entity), user equipment (UE), application function (AF) entity, session management function (SMF) entity, and the like.
  • NF network function
  • AUSF authentication server function
  • AMF access and mobility management functions
  • UDM unified data management
  • PCF policy control function
  • UPF user plane A function
  • UE user equipment
  • AF application function
  • SMF session management function
  • the UE may be called a terminal, and the terminal may be a wireless terminal or a wired terminal.
  • a wireless terminal may be a device that provides voice and / or data connectivity to a user, a handheld device with a wireless connection function, or other processing device connected to a wireless modem.
  • the wireless terminal can communicate with one or more core network devices via AN / RAN, such as communicating with AMF, SMF, etc.
  • a wireless terminal can be a mobile terminal such as a mobile phone (or "cell" phone), a smart phone, a satellite wireless device, a wireless modem card, and a computer with a mobile terminal.
  • the wireless terminal can be a laptop, portable, pocket-sized, Hand-held, computer-built or vehicle-mounted mobile devices that exchange voice and / or data with the RAN.
  • the wireless terminal may be a personal communication service (PCS) phone, a cordless phone, a session initiation protocol (SIP) phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, or personal digital Assistant (personal digital assistant), and other equipment.
  • a wireless terminal can also be called a subscriber unit, a subscriber station, a mobile station, a mobile station, a remote station, an access point, and a remote terminal.
  • the terminal may also be a relay.
  • PCF which provides functions such as providing policy rules to control plane functional entities.
  • UDM has the functions of managing user's contract data and generating user's authentication information.
  • AF can be an application server, which can belong to an operator or a third party.
  • R a network composed of multiple 5G-RAN nodes, implements wireless physical layer functions, resource scheduling and wireless resource management, wireless access control, and mobility management functions.
  • the 5G-RAN node is connected to the UPF through the user plane interface N3, and is used to transmit data of the terminal.
  • the 5G-RAN node establishes a control plane signaling connection with the AMF through the control plane interface N2, and is used to implement functions such as radio access bearer control.
  • AMF is mainly responsible for terminal registration management, terminal connection management, terminal accessibility management, terminal access authorization and access authentication, terminal security functions, terminal mobility management, and network slice selection , SMF selection and other functions.
  • the AMF serves as the anchor point for the N1 and N2 signaling connections and provides the S1 / N2 interface with session management (SM) message routing for the SMF; maintains and manages the state information of the terminal.
  • SM session management
  • SMF is mainly responsible for all control plane functions of terminal session management, including selection and control of UPF, network protocol (IP) address allocation and management, session quality of service (QoS) management, from PCF Obtaining policy and charging control (PCC) policies.
  • the SMF also serves as the termination point for the SM portion of non-access stratum (NAS) messages.
  • NAS non-access stratum
  • UPF as the anchor point of the packet data unit (PDU) session connection, is responsible for data packet filtering, data transmission / forwarding, rate control, charging information generation, user plane QoS processing, uplink for the terminal Transmission authentication, transmission level verification, downlink data packet buffering, and triggering of downlink data notification.
  • the UPF can also serve as a branch point for a multi-homed PDU session.
  • the network architecture of the 5G network may also include other functional entities.
  • a network open function (NEF) entity may be included between the AF entity and the PCF entity, which may be used to exchange internal and external information of the network.
  • the entity may also be called a network element or a device.
  • the (R) AN entity, AMF entity, SMF entity, AUSF entity, UDM entity, UPF entity, and PCF entity in FIG. 1 are only a name, and the name does not constitute a limitation on the entity itself.
  • the network elements or devices corresponding to these entities may also have other names, which are not specifically limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the UDM entity may also be replaced with a user home server (HSS), a user subscription database (USD), or a database entity, etc., and are described here in a unified manner, which will not be described in detail below.
  • the UDM entity, AUSF entity, PCF entity, AMF entity, and SMF entity in FIG. 1 may also be collectively referred to as a control plane function (CPF) entity, which is not specifically limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • CPF control plane function
  • (R) AN entity, AMF entity, SMF entity, UDM entity, UPF entity, PCF entity and CPF entity are referred to by (R) AN, AMF, SMF, UDM, UPF, PCF and CPF respectively.
  • Network slicing technology is to cut a physical network into multiple virtual end-to-end networks.
  • Each virtual network includes devices, access technologies, transmission paths, and core networks within the network, all of which are logically independent.
  • Each network slice is made up of an independent network function or combination of function instances, with different functional characteristics and facing different needs and services.
  • the separation of network slices enables different users and user groups to flexibly and dynamically define and customize network capabilities according to their different application scenarios and requirements without affecting each other. Take 5G network as an example, a network slice can include CPF and UPF.
  • CPF mainly completes access control and mobility management functions such as terminal access authentication, security encryption, location registration, and session management functions such as the establishment, release, and change of user plane transmission paths.
  • the UPF mainly performs functions such as routing and forwarding of user plane data.
  • FIG. 2, FIG. 3, and FIG. 4 are schematic diagrams of the architecture of a 3GPP MBMS data transmission system based on a 5G network, respectively.
  • the architecture shown in FIG. 2 includes: an application server, an MBMS service control unit, an MBMS session management unit, a UPF, AMF, a terminal, and a RAN node.
  • Service data sent by the application server can be multicast to multiple terminals through UPF and RAN nodes.
  • the architecture shown in FIG. 3 includes: an application server, an MBMS session management unit, a UPF, an AMF, a terminal, and a RAN node.
  • Service data sent by the application server can be multicast to multiple terminals through UPF and RAN nodes.
  • FIG. 4 is a combination of the two architectures shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3.
  • the MBMS session management unit is mainly responsible for the identification of the multicast transmission path, the establishment of the multicast transmission path, the dynamic multicast / multicast single-frequency network (multimedia broadcast service, single frequency network, MBSFN) area configuration management, etc .; to MBMS
  • the service control unit sends information of the multicast transmission path.
  • the MBMS session management unit may be a logical network element, for example, it may be an enhancement of the SMF in the existing 5G architecture (that is, the function of the MBMS session management unit is integrated in the SMF), or it may be an independent physical network element.
  • the MBMS session management unit may also be called an MBMS transmission control unit, or a group session management network element.
  • the MBMS business control unit which is mainly responsible for determining the service transmission mode (unicast or multicast) based on information such as business requirements and user distribution; sending service control information and media data to the MBMS session management unit; user authorization management and group members Management; delivering the information of the multicast transmission path corresponding to the service to the user.
  • the MBMS service control unit can be a logical network element or an independent physical network element.
  • the MBMS service control unit and the MBMS session management unit can be deployed in one physical device.
  • the AMF is responsible for forwarding control signaling between the MBMS session management unit and the RAN node.
  • the UPF is responsible for sending the received user plane data to the RAN node in a point-to-point (unicast) or point-to-multipoint (multicast) manner.
  • the RAN node is responsible for interacting with the MBMS session management unit for control signaling; receives data sent by the UPF, and sends the data to the terminal through a wireless broadcast channel over the air interface.
  • the reference point between the MBMS session management unit and the terminal is used to exchange MBMS transmission control signaling (that is, transmission-related signaling. These control plane signaling is used to establish a user who transmits service data in the communication network. Surface transmission path).
  • the reference point between the MBMS session management unit and the UPF is used to exchange MBMS transmission control signaling.
  • the reference point between the MBMS session management unit and the AMF is used to exchange MBMS transmission control signaling.
  • the reference point between the MBMS service control unit and the terminal is used to exchange MBMS service control signaling (that is, service-related signaling. These signalings are used to notify the terminal of service-related descriptive information or service and multicast transmission paths. Mapping relationship (for example, which traffic is transmitted on which multicast transmission path).
  • the reference point between the MBMS service control unit and the MBMS session management unit is used to exchange MBMS transmission control signaling and media data.
  • a schematic diagram of a hardware structure of a communication apparatus may be a first core network device, a second core network device, a unicast user plane gateway, and a multicast user. Gateway, terminal or service server.
  • the communication device 50 includes at least one processor (for example, a processor 501, a processor 508), a communication bus 502, a memory 503, and at least one communication interface 504.
  • the processor 501 may be one or more general-purpose central processing units (CPUs), microprocessors, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), or one or more for controlling the scheme of the present application. Integrated circuit for program execution.
  • CPUs general-purpose central processing units
  • ASICs application-specific integrated circuits
  • the communication bus 502 is configured to communicate between the aforementioned components to transmit information.
  • the communication interface 504 is used to communicate with other devices or communication networks. Any device such as a transceiver can be used, such as Ethernet, RAN nodes, wireless local area networks (WLAN), and the like.
  • a transceiver can be used, such as Ethernet, RAN nodes, wireless local area networks (WLAN), and the like.
  • the memory 503 is configured to store a computer execution instruction for executing the solution of the present application, and the execution is controlled by the processor 501.
  • the processor 501 is configured to execute computer execution instructions stored in the memory 503, so as to implement the method provided in the following embodiments of the present application, for example, to execute a first core network device, a second core network device, a unicast user plane gateway, Multicast user plane gateway, terminal or service server actions.
  • the memory 503 may be a read-only memory (ROM) or other type of static storage device that can store static information and instructions, a random access memory (RAM) or other type that can store information and instructions Dynamic storage device, can also be electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM)), read-only compact disc (compact disc-read-only memory (CD-ROM) or other optical disc storage, optical disc storage (Including compact discs, laser discs, optical discs, digital versatile discs, Blu-ray discs, etc.), disk storage media or other magnetic storage devices, or can be used to carry or store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and can be used by a computer Any other media accessed, but not limited to this.
  • the memory 503 may exist independently, and is connected to the processor 501 through a communication bus 502.
  • the memory 503 may also be integrated with the processor 501.
  • the computer-executable instructions in the embodiments of the present application may also be referred to as application program codes, which are not specifically limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the processor 501 may include one or more CPUs, such as CPU0 and CPU1 in FIG. 5.
  • the communication device 50 may include multiple processors, such as the processor 501 and the processor 508 in FIG. 5. Each of these processors can be a single-CPU processor or a multi-CPU processor.
  • a processor herein may refer to one or more devices, circuits, and / or processing cores for processing data (such as computer program instructions).
  • the communication device 50 may further include an output device 505 and an input device 506.
  • the output device 505 communicates with the processor 501 and can display information in a variety of ways.
  • the input device 506 is in communication with the processor 501 and can receive user input in a variety of ways.
  • Unicast transmission path A transmission path of DN and user plane data of a user, which can be used to transmit uplink and downlink data. There can be multiple unicast transmission paths between a terminal and a DN. Unicast transmission paths can be distinguished by QoS requirements. In the 5G communication system, the unicast transmission path may be a QoS flow. A unicast transmission path can also be called a unicast bearer or a unicast stream. For ease of description, in the subsequent embodiments of this application, a unicast transmission path will be used as an example for description.
  • Multicast transmission path is a downstream transmission path for transmitting the same user plane data to a group of users.
  • the multicast transmission path may be a data stream corresponding to a multicast session (for example, an MBMS session).
  • a multicast transmission path may include a UPF and at least one RAN.
  • the UPF may send user plane data to the at least one RAN, and the at least one RAN sends the data to a group of users through an air interface broadcast channel.
  • Multicast transmission paths can be distinguished by QoS requirements and / or service areas (for example, network areas or geographic areas), that is, multicast transmission paths can be used to transmit services for users who meet the QoS requirements and / or are within the service area. data.
  • a multicast transmission path can be identified by a multicast transmission path identifier.
  • the multicast transmission path identifier can be a temporary group identity (TMGI), or a TMGI and a flow ID. combination.
  • TMGI temporary group identity
  • a multicast transmission path may also be referred to as a multicast bearer (eg, an MBMS bearer), a group stream, or a multicast stream.
  • a group of users includes multiple users, and a group of users can usually be divided by the service area.
  • the terminal in the administrative area of city A and city B may be a group of users.
  • Multicast session Context information between a group of users and the DN providing the multicast service.
  • the context information may be stored in multiple control plane network elements, and the control plane network element may update and delete the stored set of context information.
  • the context information may include the identification of the multicast transmission path, the QoS parameters of the multicast service, the service area of the multicast service, the cell identification list of the cell covered by the multicast service, the transmission duration of the multicast service, and the transmission of the multicast service. Start time, etc.
  • Multicast sessions can also be referred to as group sessions, group sessions, and the like.
  • multicast may be replaced with multicast or broadcast without limitation. It should be noted that the terms or terms involved in the embodiments of the present application can be referred to each other without limitation.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides a communication method. As shown in FIG. 6, the method includes:
  • the terminal sends a first request message to the first core network device.
  • the first core network device receives a first request message from the terminal.
  • the first request message is used to request that the service data (also called target data) to be sent to the terminal is switched from the multicast mode to the unicast mode for transmission; or the first request message is used to request the unicast mode for transmission Target data.
  • the service data also called target data
  • the first request message may be a message such as a path switching request message, a switching request message, a path switching message, a unicast switching request, a multicast-to-unicast switching request, or a multicast session update request.
  • the first request message is a SM NAS message.
  • transmitting the target data in a multicast manner may be transmitting the target data through a multicast transmission path.
  • the target data may be transmitted through a broadcast channel over an air interface.
  • the unicast transmission of the target data may be the transmission of the target data through the unicast transmission path.
  • the target data may be transmitted through the unicast channel over the air interface.
  • the target data is transmitted in a multicast manner
  • the RAN node in the multicast transmission path may use the multicast method to send the target data to all terminals in the terminal group to which the terminal belongs; it is assumed that the target data is unicast
  • the RAN node in the unicast transmission path may send the target data to the terminal in a point-to-point manner.
  • the terminal group may include at least two terminals.
  • the transmission path is a multicast transmission path to be switched or a multicast transmission path before switching, and may be referred to as a source multicast transmission path.
  • the unicast transmission path is a switched unicast transmission path, and can be called a target unicast transmission path.
  • the source multicast transmission path can be determined by the terminal.
  • the first request message may include the identifier of the source multicast transmission path, and therefore, the first request message may be used to request switching of the source multicast transmission path corresponding to the identifier of the source multicast transmission path to the target unicast transmission. path.
  • the source multicast transmission path may also be determined by the first core network device.
  • the first request message may include an identifier of the multicast transmission path and reception quality information of the multicast transmission path. If the reception quality information indicates that the reception quality of the multicast transmission path is poor, the first core network device may determine to switch the multicast transmission path (that is, the multicast transmission path is a source multicast transmission path).
  • the target unicast transmission path can be determined by the terminal.
  • the first request message may include the identifier of the target unicast transmission path, and the first core network device may determine that the source multicast transmission path is switched to the identifier of the target unicast transmission path included in the first request message. Destination unicast transmission path.
  • the target unicast transmission path may also be determined by the first core network device.
  • the first request message may include the identifier of the terminal or the identifier of the PDU session of the terminal, and the first core network device may determine the target unicast transmission path according to the identifier of the terminal or the identifier of the PDU session of the terminal. For details, see the following. Way 1 in the text.
  • the first request message may not include the identifier of the terminal or the identifier of the PDU session of the terminal, and the first core network device may determine the target unicast transmission path by itself. For details, refer to Mode 2 below.
  • step 601 is replaced by: the terminal sends a first request message to the first core network device according to the reception quality of the terminal on the multicast transmission path.
  • the terminal can detect the reception quality on the multicast transmission path, for example, detect the terminal's packet loss rate, received signal strength, or block error rate on the multicast transmission path.
  • the reception quality meets
  • the condition is preset, for example, the strength of the received signal is less than the preset threshold, and for example, if the packet loss rate is greater than or equal to the preset threshold
  • the terminal may use the multicast transmission path as the source multicast transmission path, and send it to the first core network
  • the device sends a first request message carrying the identifier of the source multicast transmission path to request the first core network device to switch the source multicast transmission path.
  • the terminal may carry an identification of a multicast transmission path whose reception quality meets a preset condition and reception quality information of the multicast transmission path in a first request message, so that the first core network device determines the source multicast transmission path. .
  • the terminal may use the multicast transmission path with the worst reception quality of the terminal in the multicast transmission path as the source multicast transmission path, and send the source multicast transmission to the first core network device.
  • the terminal may use the multicast transmission path with the highest packet loss rate among the multicast transmission paths as the source multicast transmission path.
  • the terminal may carry the identifier of the multicast transmission path with the worst reception quality of the terminal in the multicast transmission path and the reception quality information of the multicast transmission path in the first request message, so that the first core network device Determine the source multicast transmission path.
  • the terminal may also use the suspended multicast transmission path of the RAN node as the source multicast transmission path, and send a first request message carrying the identifier of the source multicast transmission path to the first core network device to request The first core network device switches the source multicast transmission path.
  • the terminal may receive service data through the source multicast transmission path, and the service data and the target data may belong to the same service.
  • the source multicast transmission path can still be used to multicast service data of the service, that is, the terminals in the terminal group can still pass the source multicast transmission path. Receive business data for the business.
  • the first core network device may be a control plane session management network element for managing a source multicast transmission path.
  • the first core network device may be an MBMS session management unit.
  • the first core network device may be an SMF.
  • the first core network device instructs the multicast user plane gateway and / or the service server corresponding to the terminal to send the target data to the terminal in a unicast manner according to the first request message.
  • the multicast user plane gateway corresponding to the terminal may be used to transmit service data carried by the source multicast transmission path.
  • the multicast user plane gateway may be a UPF.
  • the multicast user plane gateway corresponding to the terminal can be understood as that the terminal can receive the target data through the multicast user plane gateway.
  • the service server corresponding to the terminal can be understood as a server that sends target data.
  • the service server may be an application service server or an MBMS service control unit, and the application service server may be an application service server of an operator or a third-party application service server, without limitation.
  • the foregoing instructions may be displayed in an explicit manner.
  • the first core network device may send instruction information (which may be referred to as first instruction information) to the multicast user plane gateway and / or the service server.
  • the first instruction information is used to indicate Send the target data to the terminal through unicast.
  • the first indication information may be a parameter or a set of multiple parameters carried in the message, or may be the message itself, for example, a message type, or a message name.
  • the first core network device may instruct the multicast user plane gateway and / or the service server to send to the terminal in a unicast manner by not carrying special cells in a message.
  • Target data may be used in an implicit manner.
  • the first core network device may instruct the multicast user plane gateway and / or the service server to send to the terminal in a unicast manner by not carrying special cells in a message.
  • the unicast user plane gateway may be used to transmit service data carried by the target unicast transmission path, and the unicast user plane gateway may be UPF.
  • the unicast user plane gateway corresponding to the terminal can be understood as the terminal can receive the target data through the unicast user plane gateway.
  • step 602 in specific implementation may include: the first core network device sends the information of the unicast user plane gateway to the multicast user plane gateway and / or the service server according to the first request message.
  • the multicast user plane gateway and / or the service server receives the information of the unicast user plane gateway from the first core network device.
  • the multicast user plane gateway and / or the service server may determine the unicast user plane gateway according to the information of the unicast user plane gateway, and then determine to send the target data to the terminal in a unicast manner.
  • the multicast user plane gateway and / or the service server determine that the unicast mode is adopted by using the value of the one or more bits. Send target data to the terminal.
  • the above method may further include: the first core network device sending the information of the unicast user plane gateway to the multicast user plane gateway and / or the service server.
  • the multicast user plane gateway and / or the service server receives the information of the unicast user plane gateway from the first core network device.
  • the multicast user plane gateway and / or the service server may use the unicast user plane gateway corresponding to the information of the unicast user plane gateway as the unicast user plane gateway corresponding to the terminal.
  • the unicast user plane gateway corresponding to the terminal For details, refer to the related description in the foregoing example.
  • the information of the unicast user plane gateway and the first indication information may be transmitted in the same message, or may be transmitted in different messages.
  • the information of the unicast user plane gateway is used to determine the unicast user plane gateway, which may be the identifier of the unicast user plane gateway, for example, the name of the unicast user plane gateway, and the address of the unicast user plane gateway (for example, an IP address). , Fully qualified domain name (FQDN), uniform resource identifier (URI), uniform resource locator (URL), or tunnel identifier of a unicast user plane gateway.
  • FQDN Fully qualified domain name
  • URI uniform resource identifier
  • URL uniform resource locator
  • the multicast user plane gateway receives the first instruction information from the first core network device, and executes steps after step 602 603. If the first core network device instructs the service server to send the target data to the terminal in a unicast manner, the service server receives the first instruction information from the first core network device, and executes step 604 after step 602. If the first core network device instructs the multicast user plane gateway and the service server to send target data to the terminal in a unicast manner, the multicast user plane gateway and the service server receive the first instruction information, and perform steps 603 and 604 after step 602. 603 and 604 are executed in no particular order.
  • the multicast user plane gateway sends the target data received from the service server to the unicast user plane gateway according to the first instruction information.
  • Step 603 may include: the multicast user plane gateway determines the unicast user plane gateway according to the first instruction information, and sends the target data received from the service server to the unicast user plane gateway.
  • the multicast user plane gateway may determine the unicast user plane gateway according to the information of the unicast user plane gateway received from the first core network device.
  • the first indication information is a value of one or more bits
  • the multicast user plane gateway if the multicast user plane gateway also receives the unicast user plane gateway information from the first core network device, the multicast user plane gateway according to the unicast user plane The information of the gateway determines the unicast user plane gateway; otherwise, the multicast user plane gateway may determine the unicast user plane gateway configured in the multicast user plane gateway as the unicast user plane gateway.
  • the communication network operator can configure the information of the unicast user plane gateway at the multicast user plane gateway, so that the multicast user plane gateway can determine the unicast user plane gateway. Broadcast user plane gateway.
  • the service server sends the target data to the unicast user plane gateway according to the first instruction information.
  • Step 604 may include: the service server determines the unicast user plane gateway according to the first instruction information, and sends target data to the unicast user plane gateway.
  • the service server may determine the unicast user plane gateway according to the information of the unicast user plane gateway received from the first core network device.
  • the first indication information is a value of one or more bits
  • the service server determines the unicast according to the information of the unicast user plane gateway User plane gateway; otherwise, the service server may determine the unicast user plane gateway configured in the service server as the unicast user plane gateway.
  • the communication network operator can configure the information of the unicast user plane gateway at the service server, so that the service server determines the unicast user plane gateway.
  • the above method may further include: the unicast user plane gateway sends the received target data to the terminal.
  • the terminal receives the target data from the unicast user plane gateway.
  • the multicast user plane gateway and / or the service server may send the target data to the unicast user plane gateway so as to implement the unicast mode to send the target data to the terminal.
  • the above method further includes: the terminal receives the target data from the unicast user plane gateway and the multicast user plane gateway; after a preset period of time, the terminal receives the target data from the unicast user plane gateway.
  • the communication network can perform dual-stream transmission for a period of time.
  • the terminal uses the source multicast transmission path and The target unicast transmission path receives the target data at the same time (that is, the terminal receives the target data from the unicast user plane gateway and the multicast user plane gateway).
  • the multicast user plane gateway may copy the received target data to obtain two pieces of data, one of which is still multicast to the terminal group containing the terminal through the source multicast transmission path, and one of which is passed
  • the destination unicast transmission path is sent to the terminal. After the preset time period has elapsed, the terminal can receive data only from the target unicast transmission path.
  • the above method further includes: the first core network device sends the identifier of the source multicast transmission path to the multicast user plane gateway and / or the service server.
  • the multicast user plane gateway and / or the service server receives the identification of the source multicast transmission path, and determines the target data according to the identification of the source multicast transmission path.
  • the multicast user plane gateway and / or the service server may determine the data carrying the identifier of the source multicast transmission path as the target data.
  • the above method further includes: the first core network device sends the user plane address and port number of the multicast user plane gateway to the multicast user plane gateway and / or the service server.
  • the multicast user plane gateway and / or the service server may determine the target data according to the user plane address and the port number of the multicast user plane gateway.
  • the multicast user plane gateway and / or the service server may determine the data of the user plane address and the port number sent to the multicast user plane gateway as the target data.
  • the first core network device instructs the service server and / or the multicast user plane gateway to send target data to the terminal through unicast, so that the service server and / Or the multicast user plane gateway sends the target data to the terminal in unicast mode according to the instruction, thereby completing the path switching through the core network device, which can avoid the application-layer control signaling used to control path switching in the prior art to be transmitted to the mobile.
  • the processing of DNs outside the communication network results in long signaling transmission paths and large transmission delays.
  • the above method further includes: 11) The first core network device acquires the information of the unicast user plane gateway according to the first request message.
  • Step 11) may be performed before "the first core network device sends the information of the unicast user plane gateway to the multicast user plane gateway and / or the service server".
  • the second core network device is a control plane session management network element for managing a target unicast transmission path.
  • the second core network device is a control plane session management network element for managing a target unicast transmission path.
  • Step 11) may include:
  • the first core network device requests unicast user plane gateway information from the second core network device according to the first request message; for example, the first core network device sends the second core network device according to the first request message.
  • a second request message to request information of a unicast user plane gateway.
  • the second core network device receives a second request message from the first core network device.
  • the second core network device sends the unicast user plane gateway information to the first core network device according to the second request message.
  • the first core network device receives the unicast user plane gateway information from the second core network device.
  • the second core network device may be SMF.
  • the second request message may be a user plane gateway request message, a path switching request message, a switching request message, a path switching message, a unicast switching request, a multicast-to-unicast switching request, or a multicast session update request.
  • the second request message includes at least one of an identifier of the target unicast transmission path, an identifier of the terminal, and an identifier of the PDU session of the terminal. At least one of the identifier of the target unicast transmission path, the identifier of the terminal, and the identifier of the PDU session of the terminal is used for the second core network device to determine the unicast user plane gateway.
  • the second core network device may store the correspondence between the identifier of the target unicast transmission path and the unicast user plane gateway.
  • the second core network device may determine the unicast user plane gateway according to the correspondence and the identifier of the target unicast transmission path. And sending the information of the unicast user plane gateway to the first core network device.
  • the second core network device corresponds to the terminal or the unicast user of the terminal's PDU session.
  • the unicast user plane gateway is selected from the plane gateways, and the information of the unicast user plane gateway is sent to the first core network device.
  • the second core network device may select the unicast user plane gateway with the smallest load among the unicast user plane gateways corresponding to the terminal or the terminal ’s PDU session, and send the information of the unicast user plane gateway to the first core. Network equipment.
  • step 21) in specific implementation includes:
  • the first core network device determines a target unicast transmission path according to the first request message.
  • the first core network device determines the second core network device according to the target unicast transmission path.
  • the first core network device requests the unicast user plane gateway information from the second core network device.
  • the first request message further includes an identifier of the terminal, an identifier of a PDU session of the terminal, or an identifier of a QoS flow of the terminal.
  • step 31) can be implemented by the following manner 1.
  • the identifier of the terminal, the identifier of the PDU session of the terminal, and the identifier of the QoS flow of the terminal are not included in the first request message, step 31) may be implemented by the following manner 2.
  • the first core network device determines a target unicast transmission path according to a terminal identifier, a terminal PDU session identifier, or a terminal QoS flow identifier in the first request message. For details, please refer to the following description:
  • the first core network device determines one of the at least one QoS flow corresponding to the identity of the terminal as the target unicast transmission path; or,
  • the first core network device determines one of the at least one QoS flow corresponding to the identity of the terminal's PDU session as the target unicast transmission path; or,
  • the first core network device determines the QoS flow corresponding to the identification of the QoS flow as the target unicast transmission path.
  • the first core network device acquires multiple unicast transmission paths of the terminal, and determines a target unicast transmission path among the multiple unicast transmission paths of the terminal.
  • the first core network device may obtain multiple unicast transmission paths of the terminal from the UDM or the PCF.
  • the first core network device may determine the target unicast transmission path according to one or more attributes of the QoS flow. For example, the first core network device may select a QoS flow with a 5G QoS identifier (5QI) or a QoS flow identity (QFI) value that is the same as or higher than the QoS level required by the target data. Select a QoS flow whose resource allocation preemption priority (allocation and retention) is the same as or higher than the resource allocation preemption priority required by the target data.
  • 5QI 5G QoS identifier
  • QFI QoS flow identity
  • the first core network device may determine a unicast transmission path on a unicast user plane gateway closest to the location of the multicast user plane gateway as a target unicast transmission path to reduce the multicast user plane gateway.
  • the signaling overhead with the unicast user plane gateway reduces the transmission delay between the multicast user plane gateway and the unicast user plane gateway.
  • the first core network device may obtain the correspondence between the unicast transmission path and the control plane session management network element for managing the unicast transmission path from the UDM or the PCF, so that according to the correspondence And the target unicast transmission path to determine the second core network device.
  • the above method further includes:
  • the second core network device instructs the unicast user plane gateway to send the target data received from the source multicast transmission path to the target unicast transmission path through the target unicast transmission path.
  • the unicast user plane gateway receives an instruction for instructing to switch the received target data from the source multicast transmission path to the target unicast transmission path to the terminal through the target unicast transmission path.
  • the unicast user plane gateway receives the target data.
  • the unicast user plane gateway sends the target data to the terminal through the target unicast transmission path according to the instruction.
  • the indication in step 41) may be explicit.
  • the second core network device may send instruction information (which may be referred to as second instruction information) to the unicast user plane gateway, and the second instruction information is used to indicate unicast.
  • the user plane gateway sends the target data to the terminal through the target unicast transmission path.
  • the second indication information may be a parameter or a set of multiple parameters carried in the message, or may be the message itself, for example, a message type, or a message name.
  • the indication in step 41) may also be implemented in an implicit manner.
  • the second core network device may instruct the unicast user plane gateway to target the destination through the destination unicast transmission path by not carrying a special cell in a message. Data is sent to the terminal.
  • the unicast user plane gateway determines that the target data is sent through the target unicast transmission path based on the value of the one or more bits. To the terminal.
  • step 41) during specific implementation may include: the second core network device sending the identifier of the target unicast transmission path and the identifier of the source multicast transmission path to the unicast user plane gateway.
  • the first core network device may also include the identity of the source multicast transmission path in the second request message and send it to the second core network device.
  • the first core network device may also send the identifier of the target unicast transmission path and the identifier of the source multicast transmission path to the second core network device through other messages.
  • the second indication information is an identifier of a target unicast transmission path and information of a multicast user plane gateway.
  • step 41) during specific implementation may include: the second core network device sending the identifier of the target unicast transmission path and the information of the multicast user plane gateway to the unicast user plane gateway.
  • the first core network device may include the information of the multicast user plane gateway in the second request message and send it to the second core network device.
  • the first core network device may also send the identifier of the target unicast transmission path and the information of the multicast user plane gateway to the second core network device through other messages.
  • the information of the multicast user plane gateway may be a tunnel identifier of the multicast user plane gateway, and may also be a user plane address and a port number of the multicast user plane gateway.
  • the user plane address of the multicast user plane gateway may be an IP address of the multicast user plane gateway.
  • the first core network device may be a control plane session management network element for managing a target unicast transmission path.
  • the first core network device may be a control plane session management network element for managing a target unicast transmission path.
  • Step 11) may include:
  • the first core network device determines a target unicast transmission path according to the first request message
  • the first core network device acquires the information of the unicast user plane gateway according to the target unicast transmission path.
  • step 51 For the specific implementation of step 51), refer to the specific implementation of step 31) described above, and details are not described herein again.
  • the first core network device since the first core network device is a control plane session management network element for managing the target unicast transmission path, the first core network device may store the target unicast transmission path and unicast. The corresponding relationship between the user plane gateways, and the first core network device may determine the information of the unicast user plane gateway according to the corresponding relationship. The first core network device may also obtain the unicast user plane gateway information from the UDM or the PCF. Exemplarily, the first core network device sends the identifier of the target unicast transmission path to the UDM or PCF in a request message, and the request message is used to request information about the unicast user plane gateway corresponding to the target unicast transmission path.
  • the correspondence between the unicast transmission path of the terminal and the unicast user plane gateway may be stored in the PCF.
  • the UDM or PCF may determine the unicast user according to the correspondence and the identifier of the target unicast transmission path.
  • Information of the gateway and send the information of the unicast user plane gateway to the first core network device.
  • the above method further includes steps 61) -64).
  • the first core network device instructs the unicast user plane gateway to send the received target data to the terminal through the target unicast transmission path.
  • 62) -64) are the same as steps 42) -44), respectively.
  • step 61 The specific implementation of step 61) can be referred to step 41). The only difference is that the unicast user plane gateway is instructed for the first core network device here.
  • the method further includes: the unicast user plane gateway determines the target unicast transmission path according to the received identifier of the target unicast transmission path.
  • the method further includes: the unicast user plane gateway determines the target data according to the received identifier of the source multicast transmission path or the information of the multicast user plane gateway.
  • the implementation method for the unicast user plane gateway to determine the target data according to the identifier of the received source multicast transmission path may be: the unicast user plane gateway may receive the data carrying the identifier of the source multicast transmission path. Determined as the target data.
  • the implementation method of the unicast user plane gateway to determine the target data according to the received information of the multicast user plane gateway may be: the unicast user plane gateway may The data from the tunnel identified by the tunnel identifier of the multicast user plane gateway is determined as the target data.
  • the implementation method of the unicast user plane gateway to determine the target data according to the received information of the multicast user plane gateway may be: unicast
  • the user plane gateway may determine data from the user plane address and port number of the multicast user plane gateway as the target data.
  • the method further includes: the first core network device sends a response message of the first request message to the terminal.
  • the terminal receives a response message of the first request message from the first core network device.
  • the response message may be used to instruct the first core network device to successfully process the first request message, that is, the first core network device has successfully switched the transmission path of the target data.
  • the response message may include an identifier of the target unicast transmission path, so that the terminal determines the unicast transmission path to receive the target data.
  • the response message can be used by the terminal to determine that the target data is switched from the source multicast transmission path to the target unicast transmission path to ensure that the terminal receives the target data correctly.
  • the source multicast transmission path is a multicast transmission path corresponding to the terminal, and the terminal can receive service data through the corresponding multicast transmission path.
  • the target unicast transmission path is a unicast transmission path corresponding to the terminal, and the terminal can receive service data through the corresponding unicast transmission path.
  • Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2 The above method is exemplarily described by taking the above method applied to a 5G network as an example. For details, refer to Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2. For the parts in Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2 that are the same as those described above but not explained, reference may be made to the description of the corresponding parts in the foregoing.
  • the first core network device may be a control plane session management network element for managing a source multicast transmission path
  • the second core network device may be a control plane session management network element for managing a target unicast transmission path.
  • the method provided in Embodiment 1 includes:
  • the terminal establishes a PDU session with the network side.
  • step 701 For specific implementation of step 701, refer to the prior art.
  • the PDU session established between the terminal and the network side may include multiple QoS flows.
  • the PDU session 1 established between the terminal and the network side may include QoS flow 1 and QoS flow 2.
  • the terminal receives service data of the terminal on a source multicast transmission path.
  • the terminal may receive the service data of the terminal on the source multicast transmission path through the multicast user plane gateway.
  • Steps 701 and 702 are performed in no particular order.
  • the terminal sends a first request message to the AMF.
  • the AMF receives the first request message from the terminal.
  • Step 703 may include the following steps: The terminal sends a first request message to the AMF according to the reception quality on the source multicast transmission path.
  • the terminal may send a first request message to the AMF when it is determined that the reception quality does not meet the requirements (for example, the packet loss rate of the terminal on the source multicast transmission path is greater than or equal to a preset threshold).
  • the first request message may be used to request the target data to be switched from the multicast mode to the unicast mode for transmission.
  • the target data is service data to be sent to the terminal, and the target data and the service data received by the terminal on the source multicast transmission path may belong to the same service.
  • the first request message may be used to request the target data to be switched from the source multicast transmission path to the target unicast transmission path.
  • the first request message may include the identifier of the source multicast transmission path; further, the identifier of the target unicast transmission path may also be included.
  • the first request message includes the identifier of the source multicast transmission path and the identifier of the destination unicast transmission path, and the destination unicast transmission path is QoS flow 1.
  • the method is exemplified.
  • the first request message further includes an identifier of the first core network device.
  • the identification of the first core network device may be used by the AMF to determine the first core network device, so as to perform step 704.
  • the first core network device may be a control plane session management network element for managing a source multicast transmission path.
  • the first core network device may be an MBMS session management unit.
  • the first core network device may be an SMF.
  • the AMF sends a first request message to the first core network device.
  • the first core network device receives the first request message from the AMF.
  • the AMF may send the first request message to the first core network device according to the identifier of the source multicast transmission path in the first request message.
  • the AMF may send a request message carrying the identity of the source multicast transmission path to the UDM or PCF, and the request message is used to request information of a management plane session management network element that manages the source multicast transmission path in the UDM or PCF.
  • the correspondence relationship between the multicast transmission path and the control plane session management network element is stored.
  • the UDM or PCF determines the first core network device according to the correspondence relationship and the identifier of the source multicast transmission path, and sends the information of the first core network device to the AMF. (For example, the identity of the first core network device), the AMF sends a first request message to the first core network device corresponding to the information of the first core network device.
  • the AMF sends the first request message to the first core network device corresponding to the identifier of the first core network device. 705.
  • the first core network device sends a second request message to the second core network device according to the first request message.
  • the second core network device receives the second request message from the first core network device.
  • the second request message is used to request information of a unicast user plane gateway, and the unicast user plane gateway may be used to transmit service data carried by QoS flow 1.
  • the first core network device may determine the target unicast transmission path for transmitting the target data as QoS flow 1 according to the identification of QoS flow 1 in the first request message, and include the identification of QoS flow 1 In the second request message, the second request message is sent to the second core network device.
  • the second core network device may be a device that assigns the identity of the QoS flow 1, for example, SMF.
  • the second core network device sends the unicast user plane gateway information to the first core network device according to the second request message.
  • the first core network device receives the unicast user plane gateway information from the second core network device.
  • the second core network device may determine the unicast user plane gateway according to the identity of the QoS flow 1 in the second request message, and send the unicast user plane gateway information to the first core network device.
  • the second core network device may be a control plane session management network element for managing QoS flow 1. Therefore, the second core network device may store the correspondence between the identity of QoS flow 1 and the unicast user plane gateway. The second core network device may determine the unicast user plane gateway according to the corresponding relationship and the identity of the QoS flow 1.
  • the second core network device sends the second instruction information to the unicast user plane gateway.
  • the unicast user plane gateway receives the second instruction information from the second core network device.
  • the second instruction information is used to indicate that the received target data is sent to the terminal through the QoS flow 1.
  • the above method may further include: the unicast user plane gateway sends a response message to the second core network device to indicate that the unicast user plane gateway successfully receives the second instruction information.
  • the multicast user plane gateway may send target data to the unicast user plane gateway, and the unicast user plane gateway sends the target data to the terminal through the QoS flow 1.
  • steps 708a-712a may be performed.
  • the service server may send the target data to the unicast user plane gateway, and the unicast user plane gateway sends the target data to the terminal through the QoS flow 1.
  • steps 708b-711b may be performed.
  • the first core network device sends the first instruction information to the multicast user plane gateway.
  • the multicast user plane gateway receives the first instruction information from the first core network device.
  • the multicast user plane gateway can be used to transmit service data carried by the source multicast transmission path.
  • the first indication information is used to instruct sending the target data to the terminal in a unicast manner.
  • the first instruction information may instruct sending the target data to the terminal through the unicast user plane gateway, thereby instructing sending the target data to the terminal through the unicast mode.
  • the multicast user plane gateway may send a response message to the first core network device to indicate that the multicast user plane gateway successfully received the first indication information.
  • the first core network device sends a response message to the terminal.
  • the terminal receives a response message from the first core network device.
  • the response message in step 709a may include information for indicating the QoS flow 1.
  • the information used to indicate the QoS flow 1 may be an identifier of the QoS flow 1.
  • the multicast user plane gateway receives target data from a service server.
  • the multicast user plane gateway sends the target data to the unicast user plane gateway.
  • the unicast user plane gateway receives the target data from the multicast user plane gateway.
  • the unicast user plane gateway sends the target data to the terminal through the QoS flow 1.
  • the first core network device sends the first instruction information to the service server.
  • the service server receives the first instruction information from the first core network device.
  • the above method may further include: the service server sends a response message that the service server successfully receives the first indication information to the first core network device.
  • the first core network device sends a response message to the terminal.
  • the terminal receives a response message from the first core network device.
  • the response message in step 709b may include information for indicating the QoS flow 1.
  • the information used to indicate the QoS flow 1 may be an identifier of the QoS flow 1.
  • the service server sends the target data to the unicast user plane gateway.
  • the unicast user plane gateway receives the target data from the service server.
  • the unicast user plane gateway sends target data to the terminal through QoS flow 1.
  • the first core network device in Embodiment 2 is a control plane session management network element for managing a source multicast transmission path and a target unicast transmission path.
  • the method provided in Embodiment 2 includes:
  • Steps 801-804 are the same as steps 701-704, respectively, and details are not described again.
  • the first core network device sends the second instruction information to the unicast user plane gateway.
  • the unicast user plane gateway receives the second instruction information from the first core network device.
  • the second instruction information is used to indicate that the received target data is sent to the terminal through the QoS flow 1.
  • the unicast user plane gateway may send a response message to the first core network device to indicate that the unicast user plane gateway successfully received the second indication information.
  • the multicast user plane gateway may send target data to the unicast user plane gateway, and the unicast user plane gateway sends the target data to the terminal through the QoS flow 1.
  • steps 806a-810a may be performed.
  • the service server may send the target data to the unicast user plane gateway, and the unicast user plane gateway sends the target data to the terminal through the QoS flow 1.
  • steps 806b-809b can be performed.
  • the first core network device in Embodiment 2 is a control plane session management network element for managing the source multicast transmission path and the target unicast transmission path, the first core network device already stores information of the unicast user plane gateway. Therefore, in the second embodiment, no interaction between the first core network device and the second core network device is required (that is, there is no step 705-706).
  • Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2 can be referred to the above, which will not be repeated here.
  • An embodiment of the present application further provides a path switching method.
  • the method includes:
  • the terminal receives service data of the terminal on a source multicast transmission path.
  • the terminal may receive the service data of the terminal on the source multicast transmission path through the multicast user plane gateway.
  • the terminal may receive the service data of the terminal on the source multicast transmission path through the multicast user plane gateway.
  • the terminal sends a third request message to the AMF.
  • the AMF receives a third request message from the terminal.
  • Step 902 may include, in specific implementation, that the terminal sends a third request message to the AMF according to the reception quality on the source multicast transmission path.
  • the terminal may send a third request message to the AMF when it is determined that the reception quality does not meet requirements (for example, the packet loss rate of the terminal on the source multicast transmission path is greater than or equal to a preset threshold).
  • the third request message may be used to request the target data to be switched from the multicast mode to the unicast mode for transmission.
  • the target data is service data to be sent to the terminal, and the target data and the service data received by the terminal on the source multicast transmission path may belong to the same service.
  • the third request message may be used to request to switch the target data from the source multicast transmission path to the target unicast transmission path. Since there is no unicast transmission path on the terminal at this time, the target unicast transmission path can be established by the first core network device in a subsequent step.
  • the third request message may include the identifier of the source multicast transmission path; or, the third request message may include the identifier of the source multicast transmission path and the reception quality information of the terminal on the source multicast transmission path.
  • the third request message further includes an identifier of the first core network device.
  • the identification of the first core network device may be used by the AMF to determine the first core network device, so as to perform step 903.
  • the first core network device may be a control plane session management network element for managing a source multicast transmission path.
  • the first core network device may be an MBMS session management unit.
  • the first core network device may be an SMF.
  • the AMF sends a third request message to the first core network device.
  • the first core network device receives a third request message from the AMF.
  • the AMF may determine the first core network device. For the method for determining, refer to the description in step 704 above, and details are not described again.
  • the first core network device determines a switching source multicast transmission path according to the third request message.
  • step 904 is similar to the manner in which the first core network device determines the handover source multicast transmission path according to the first request message in the embodiment shown in FIG. 6, which can be referred to above and will not be described again.
  • the first core network device sends an N4 session establishment / modification request message to the multicast user plane gateway.
  • the multicast user plane gateway receives the N4 session establishment / modification request message from the first core network device.
  • the multicast user plane gateway can be used to transmit service data carried by the source multicast transmission path.
  • the N4 session establishment / modification request message may be used to request to establish / modify an N4 session.
  • the N4 session establishment / modification request message may include an identifier of the source multicast transmission path and an identifier of the destination unicast transmission path.
  • the identifier of the target unicast transmission path may be generated or allocated by the first core network device.
  • the unicast transmission path may be a QoS flow.
  • the identifier through which the unicast transmission flows is the identifier of the QoS flow.
  • the above method may further include: the first core network device selecting a multicast user plane gateway as a user plane gateway for transmitting service data carried on the target unicast transmission path. Compared with selecting a new user plane gateway as a user plane gateway for transmitting service data carried on the target unicast transmission path, this implementation manner can avoid the new user plane gateway and the multicast user plane gateway. Signaling interaction reduces signaling overhead and delay of user plane data transmission.
  • the above method may further include: the multicast user plane gateway sends an N4 session establishment / modification response message to the first core network device.
  • the N4 session establishment / modification response message may be used to indicate that the multicast user plane gateway successfully receives the N4 session establishment / modification request message.
  • the first core network device sends an SM request (SM request) to the AMF.
  • SM request an SM request
  • the AMF receives the SM request from the first core network device.
  • the SM request may include a PDU session establishment request message, an identifier of a terminal, an identifier of a source multicast transmission path, and an identifier of a destination unicast transmission path.
  • the PDU session establishment request message is used to request establishment of a PDU session.
  • the PDU session establishment request message may be a SM NAS message.
  • the identifier of the source multicast transmission path and the identifier of the target unicast transmission path may indicate that the target data transmitted through the source multicast transmission path is switched to be transmitted through the target unicast transmission path.
  • the AMF sends an N2 PDU session request (N2 PDU session request) to the RAN node.
  • the RAN node receives an N2 PDU session request from the AMF.
  • the N2 PDU session request may be used to request establishment of an N2 PDU session.
  • the N2PDU session request may include SM NAS information (session management NAS message) (that is, a PDU session establishment request message), an identification of a source multicast transmission path, and an identification of a destination unicast transmission path.
  • SM NAS information session management NAS message
  • the AN specific resource configuration is used to allocate air interface resources for the terminal, and the air interface resources are used for data transmission between the terminal and the RAN node.
  • Step 908 may include: the RAN node sends a PDU session establishment request message to the terminal, the terminal identifier, the source multicast transmission path identifier, and the target unicast transmission path identifier.
  • the PDU session establishment request message includes the RAN node as The air interface resources allocated by the terminal; the terminal obtains the air interface resources allocated by the RAN node, and establishes the correspondence between the identity of the source multicast transmission path and the identity of the destination unicast transmission path; the terminal sends a PDU session establishment acceptance message to the RAN node and the terminal Logo.
  • the RAN node sends an N2 PDU session request acknowledgement (N2 PDU session request ACK) to the AMF.
  • N2 PDU session request ACK N2 PDU session request acknowledgement
  • the AMF receives an N2 PDU session request confirmation from the RAN node.
  • the N2 PDU session request confirmation can be used by the AMF to respond to the N2 PDU session request.
  • the AMF sends an SM response (SM response with N2 SM information) carrying N2 SM information to the first core network device.
  • the first core network device receives an SM response carrying N2 information from the AMF.
  • the SM response can be used by the AMF to respond to the SM request.
  • the target unicast transmission path of the terminal is established, and the multicast user plane gateway may transmit the target data through the target unicast transmission path.
  • the core network device can still implement path switching in a scenario where there is no unicast transmission path on the terminal when performing path switching. Therefore, the problems of long transmission path and large transmission delay of the signaling caused by application layer control signaling to be transmitted to a DN outside the mobile communication network for processing can be avoided.
  • the SMF, UDM, PCF, and the terminal may know whether the terminal has a unicast transmission path before the path is switched. If the SMF, UDM, PCF or terminal determines that the terminal has a unicast transmission path before the path switching, the path switching is performed by using the method shown in FIG. 6, FIG. 7, or FIG. If the SMF, UDM, PCF or terminal determines that the terminal does not have a unicast transmission path before the path switching, the path switching is performed by the method shown in FIG. 9.
  • the communication device in the embodiment of the present application includes a hardware structure and / or a software module corresponding to each function.
  • this application can be implemented in the form of hardware or a combination of hardware and computer software. Whether a certain function is performed by hardware or computer software-driven hardware depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. A professional technician can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered to be beyond the scope of this application.
  • each functional module may be divided corresponding to each function, or two or more functions may be integrated into one processing module.
  • the above integrated modules can be implemented in the form of hardware or software functional modules. It should be noted that the division of the modules in the embodiments of the present application is schematic, and is only a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be another division manner.
  • the communication apparatus 100 may be configured to perform actions of the first core network device in the foregoing method embodiments.
  • the apparatus 100 may be a first core network device, for example, an MBMS session management unit or an SMF, or may be a chip or a system-on-chip on the first core network device, without limitation.
  • the apparatus 100 may include a processing unit 1001 and a communication unit 1002.
  • the apparatus 100 may further include a storage unit 1003, configured to store program code and data of the first core network device.
  • the communication unit 1002 is configured to receive a request message from the terminal, and the request message is used to request that the service data to be sent to the terminal is switched from the multicast mode to the unicast mode for transmission;
  • the processing unit 1001 is configured to instruct the multicast user plane gateway and / or the service server corresponding to the terminal to send the service data to be sent to the terminal in a unicast manner according to the request message.
  • the communication unit 1002 is further configured to send information about the unicast user plane gateway corresponding to the terminal to the multicast user plane gateway and / or the service server.
  • the processing unit 1001 is specifically configured to send the information of the unicast user plane gateway corresponding to the terminal to the multicast user plane gateway and / or the service server through the communication unit 1002 according to the request message.
  • processing unit 1001 is further configured to obtain information about the unicast user plane gateway according to the request message.
  • the processing unit 1001 is specifically configured to request the information of the unicast user plane gateway from the second core network device through the communication unit 1002 according to the request message, and receive the information of the unicast user plane gateway from the second core network device.
  • the request message includes an identifier of the unicast transmission path corresponding to the terminal.
  • the request message includes the identifier of the multicast transmission path corresponding to the terminal
  • the communication unit 1002 is further configured to send the identifier of the unicast transmission path and the identifier of the multicast transmission path corresponding to the terminal to the second core network device; or
  • the communication unit 1002 is further configured to send the identifier of the unicast transmission path corresponding to the terminal and the information of the multicast user plane gateway to the second core network device;
  • the information of the multicast user plane gateway is a tunnel identifier of the multicast user plane gateway, or
  • the information of the multicast user plane gateway is the user plane address and port number of the multicast user plane gateway.
  • the processing unit 1001 is specifically configured to determine a unicast transmission path corresponding to the terminal according to the request message, and obtain information of the unicast user plane gateway according to the unicast transmission path.
  • the processing unit 1001 is specifically configured to include the identifier of the terminal in the request message, and determine one of the at least one QoS stream corresponding to the identifier of the terminal as a unicast transmission path; or the request message includes the PDU of the terminal.
  • the session identifier determines one QoS flow in at least one QoS flow corresponding to the terminal's PDU session identification as a unicast transmission path; or, the request message includes the QoS flow identification, and determines the QoS flow corresponding to the QoS flow identification. Is a unicast transmission path.
  • processing unit 1001 is further configured to instruct the unicast user plane gateway to send the received service data to be sent to the terminal to the terminal through the unicast transmission path.
  • the request message includes the identifier of the multicast transmission path corresponding to the terminal, and the processing unit 1001 is specifically configured to send the identifier of the unicast transmission path and the identifier of the multicast transmission path to the unicast user plane gateway through the communication unit 1002; or , Sending the identification of the unicast transmission path and the information of the multicast user plane gateway to the unicast user plane gateway through the communication unit 1002;
  • the information of the multicast user plane gateway is the tunnel identifier of the multicast user plane gateway, or the multicast user plane
  • the gateway information is the user plane address and port number of the multicast user plane gateway.
  • the communication unit 1002 is further configured to send a response message of the request message to the terminal, where the response message includes an identifier of the unicast transmission path.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides another communication device 100. See FIG. 10.
  • the communication apparatus 100 may be configured to perform actions of the second core network device in the foregoing method embodiments.
  • the apparatus 100 may be a second core network device, for example, an SMF, or a chip or a system-on-chip on the second core network device, which is not limited.
  • the apparatus 100 may include a processing unit 1001 and a communication unit 1002.
  • the apparatus 100 may further include a storage unit 1003, configured to store program code and data of the second core network device.
  • a communication unit 1002 configured to receive a request message from a first core network device, where the request message is used to request information about a unicast user plane gateway corresponding to a terminal;
  • the processing unit 1001 is configured to send the unicast user plane gateway information to the first core network device through the communication unit 1002 according to the request message.
  • the request message includes an identifier of the unicast transmission path corresponding to the terminal
  • the processing unit 1001 is further configured to instruct the unicast user plane gateway to switch the received multicast transmission path corresponding to the terminal to the unicast transmission path through the unicast transmission path.
  • the service data of the unicast transmission path to be sent to the terminal is sent to the terminal.
  • the request message further includes: an identification of the multicast transmission path
  • the communication unit 1002 is further configured to send the identification of the unicast transmission path and the identification of the multicast transmission path to the unicast user plane gateway.
  • the request message further includes: information of the multicast user plane gateway corresponding to the terminal, the information of the multicast user plane gateway is a tunnel identifier of the multicast user plane gateway, or the information of the multicast user plane gateway is multicast The user plane address and port number of the user plane gateway.
  • the communication unit 1002 is further configured to send the identification of the unicast transmission path and the information of the multicast user plane gateway to the unicast user plane gateway.
  • the communication unit 1002 is further configured to receive the identification of the unicast transmission path and the identification of the multicast transmission path from the first core network device, and send the identification of the unicast transmission path and the multicast transmission to the unicast user plane gateway.
  • Path identifier or the communication unit 1002 is further configured to receive the identifier of the unicast transmission path and the information of the multicast user plane gateway corresponding to the terminal from the first core network device, and send the unicast transmission path to the unicast user plane gateway
  • multicast user plane gateway information is the tunnel identifier of the multicast user plane gateway, or the multicast user plane gateway information is the user plane address and port number of the multicast user plane gateway.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides another communication device 100. See FIG. 10.
  • the communication device 100 may be configured to perform the actions of the terminal in the foregoing method embodiments.
  • the device 100 may be a terminal, or a chip or a system-on-chip on the terminal, which is not limited.
  • the device 100 may include a processing unit 1001 and a communication unit 1002.
  • the apparatus 100 may further include a storage unit 1003 for storing program codes and data of the terminal.
  • a processing unit 1001 configured to send a request message to the first core network device through the communication unit 1002, and the request message is used to request that the service data to be sent to the terminal is switched from the multicast mode to the unicast mode for transmission;
  • the processing unit 1001 is further configured to receive a response message of the request message from the first core network device through the communication unit 1002.
  • the request message includes an identifier of a multicast transmission path corresponding to the terminal.
  • the request message further includes an identifier of the terminal, an identifier of the PDU session of the terminal, or an identifier of the QoS flow of the terminal.
  • the response message includes an identifier of the unicast transmission path corresponding to the terminal.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides another communication device 100. See FIG. 10.
  • the communication device 100 may be configured to perform an action of a unicast user plane gateway in the foregoing method embodiments.
  • the device 100 may be a unicast user plane gateway, for example, a UPF, or a chip or a system on a chip on the unicast user plane gateway, which is not limited.
  • the apparatus 100 may include a processing unit 1001 and a communication unit 1002.
  • the apparatus 100 may further include a storage unit 1003, configured to store program code and data of the unicast user plane gateway.
  • the communication unit 1002 is configured to receive an instruction for instructing to switch the received service data to be transmitted to the terminal from the multicast transmission path corresponding to the terminal to the unicast transmission path corresponding to the terminal;
  • the communication unit 1002 is further configured to receive service data to be sent to the terminal;
  • the processing unit 1001 is configured to send the service data to be sent to the terminal by using the unicast transmission path through the communication unit 1002 according to the instruction.
  • the communication unit 1002 is further configured to receive the identification of the unicast transmission path and the identification of the multicast transmission path; or the communication unit 1002 is further configured to receive the identification of the unicast transmission path and the information of the multicast user plane gateway.
  • the information of the multicast user plane gateway is the tunnel identifier of the multicast user plane gateway, or the information of the multicast user plane gateway is the user plane address and port number of the multicast user plane gateway.
  • the processing unit 1001 is further configured to determine a unicast transmission path according to an identifier of the unicast transmission path.
  • the processing unit 1001 is further configured to determine the service data to be sent to the terminal according to the identifier of the multicast transmission path or the information of the multicast user plane gateway.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides another communication device 100. See FIG. 10.
  • the communication device 100 may be configured to perform an action of a multicast user plane gateway in the foregoing method embodiments.
  • the device 100 may be a multicast user plane gateway, for example, a UPF, or may be a chip or a system on a chip on the multicast user plane gateway, which is not limited.
  • the apparatus 100 may include a processing unit 1001 and a communication unit 1002.
  • the apparatus 100 may further include a storage unit 1003, configured to store program code and data of the multicast user plane gateway.
  • the communication unit 1002 is configured to receive instruction information from the first core network device, and the instruction information is used to instruct the terminal to send to the terminal a unicast transmission path corresponding to the terminal by switching to a unicast transmission path corresponding to the terminal in a unicast manner.
  • Business data ;
  • the processing unit 1001 is configured to send, according to the instruction information, the service data received from the service server to the terminal through the communication unit 1002 to the unicast user plane gateway corresponding to the terminal.
  • the communication unit 1002 is further configured to receive the unicast user plane gateway information from the first core network device.
  • the processing unit 1001 is further configured to determine a unicast user plane gateway according to the information of the unicast user plane gateway.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides another communication device 100. See FIG. 10.
  • the communication device 100 may be configured to perform an action of a service server in the foregoing method embodiments.
  • the device 100 may be a service server, or a chip or a system-on-chip on the service server, which is not limited.
  • the apparatus 100 may include a processing unit 1001 and a communication unit 1002.
  • the apparatus 100 may further include a storage unit 1003 for storing program code and data of the service server.
  • the communication unit 1002 is configured to receive instruction information from the first core network device, and the instruction information is used to instruct the terminal to send to the terminal a unicast transmission path corresponding to the terminal by switching to a unicast transmission path corresponding to the terminal in a unicast manner.
  • Business data ;
  • the processing unit 1001 is configured to send the service data to be sent to the terminal to the unicast user plane gateway corresponding to the terminal through the communication unit 1002 according to the instruction information.
  • the communication unit 1002 is further configured to receive the unicast user plane gateway information from the first core network device.
  • the processing unit 1001 is further configured to determine a unicast user plane gateway according to the information of the unicast user plane gateway.
  • the processing unit 1001 may be a processor or a controller, and the processing unit 1002 may be a communication interface, a transceiver, a transceiver circuit, and the like.
  • the communication interface is collectively referred to and may include one or more interfaces.
  • the storage unit 1003 may be a memory.
  • the processing unit 1001 is a processor
  • the processing unit 1002 is a communication interface
  • the storage unit 1003 is a memory
  • the communication device 100 involved in the embodiment of the present application may be the communication device shown in FIG. 2.
  • An embodiment of the present application further provides a computer-readable storage medium including instructions that, when run on a computer, causes the computer to execute the first core network device, the second core network device, and a unicast user in the foregoing method embodiments. Actions of a surface gateway, a multicast user plane gateway, a terminal, or a service server.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a computer program product containing instructions, which when executed on a computer, causes the computer to execute the first core network device, the second core network device, and the unicast user plane gateway in the foregoing method embodiments. , Multicast user plane gateway, terminal or service server actions.
  • An embodiment of the present application further provides a communication system, including the first core network device and terminal in the foregoing embodiments, and further including a multicast user plane gateway and / or a service server.
  • the system further includes the foregoing second core network device.
  • the foregoing second core network device For details, refer to the embodiments shown in FIG. 7 or FIG. 8.
  • the computer program product includes one or more computer instructions.
  • the computer may be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable devices.
  • the computer instructions may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another computer-readable storage medium.
  • the computer instructions may be from a website site, a computer, a server, or a data center.
  • the computer-readable storage medium may be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer or includes one or more data storage devices such as servers, data centers, and the like that can be integrated with the medium.
  • the available medium may be a magnetic medium (for example, a floppy disk, a hard disk, a magnetic tape), an optical medium (for example, a DVD), or a semiconductor medium (for example, a solid state disk (SSD)).

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Abstract

本申请公开了一种通信方法及装置，用于解决在路径切换的过程中，由于用于控制路径切换的应用层控制信令需要传输到移动通信网络之外的DN进行处理所导致的信令的传输路径长，传输时延大的问题。该方法包括：第一核心网设备接收来自终端的请求消息，请求消息用于请求将待发送给终端的业务数据从多播方式切换到单播方式传输；第一核心网设备根据请求消息，指示终端对应的多播用户面网关和/或业务服务器通过单播方式向终端发送待发送给终端的业务数据。本申请涉及通信技术领域。

Description

通信方法及装置
本申请要求于2018年06月28日提交国家知识产权局、申请号为201810691796.8、申请名称为“通信方法及装置”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及通信技术领域，尤其涉及一种通信方法及装置。
背景技术
现有技术中，多播传输路径和单播传输路径均由数据网络(data network，DN)中的应用服务器(application server)建立。当多播传输路径的传输质量差时，应用服务器可以通过与终端中的应用客户端之间的应用层接口和协议进行路径切换，即通过应用层控制信令将终端的业务数据从该多播传输路径切换到单播传输路径进行传输。
采用上述方法进行路径切换的过程中，用于控制路径切换的应用层控制信令需要传输到DN进行处理，由于DN位于移动通信网络之外，因此，会导致该应用层控制信令的传输路径长，传输时延大。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供了一种通信方法及装置，用于解决在路径切换的过程中，由于用于控制路径切换的应用层控制信令需要传输到移动通信网络之外的DN进行处理所导致的信令的传输路径长，传输时延大的问题。
第一方面，提供了一种通信方法，包括：第一核心网设备接收来自终端的请求消息，请求消息用于请求将待发送给终端的业务数据从多播方式切换到单播方式传输；第一核心网设备根据请求消息，指示终端对应的多播用户面网关和/或业务服务器通过单播方式向终端发送待发送给终端的业务数据。第一方面提供的方法，第一核心网设备在接收到第一请求消息后，指示业务服务器和/或多播用户面网关通过单播方式向终端发送目标数据，从而能够使得业务服务器和/或多播用户面网关根据该指示通过单播方式向终端发送目标数据，从而通过核心网设备完成路径切换，可以避免应用层控制信令需要传输到移动通信网络之外的DN进行处理所导致的信令的传输路径长，传输时延大的问题。
结合第一方面，在第一种可能的实现方式中，该方法还包括：第一核心网设备向多播用户面网关和/或业务服务器发送终端对应的单播用户面网关的信息。该种可能的实现方式，能够使得多播用户面网关和/或业务服务器确定发送待发送给终端的业务数据的单播用户面网关，进而使得多播用户面网关和/或业务服务器通过单播方式向终端发送待发送给终端的业务数据。
结合第一方面，在第二种可能的实现方式中，第一核心网设备根据请求消息，指示多播用户面网关和/或业务服务器通过单播方式向终端发送待发送给终端的业务数据，包括：第一核心网设备根据请求消息，向多播用户面网关和/或业务服务器发送终端对应的单播用户面网关的信息。该种可能的实现方式，能够使得多播用户面网关和/或业务服务器确定发送待发送给终端的业务数据的单播用户面网关，进而使得多播用 户面网关和/或业务服务器通过单播方式向终端发送待发送给终端的业务数据。
结合第一方面的第一种可能的实现方式或第二种可能的实现方式，在第三种可能的实现方式中，该方法还包括：第一核心网设备根据请求消息，获取单播用户面网关的信息。该种可能的实现方式，第一核心网设备能够获取单播用户面网关信息，以便向多播用户面网关和/或业务服务器发送单播用户面网关的信息。
结合第一方面的第三种可能的实现方式，在第四种可能的实现方式中，第一核心网设备根据请求消息，获取单播用户面网关的信息，包括：第一核心网设备根据请求消息，向第二核心网设备请求单播用户面网关的信息；第一核心网设备从第二核心网设备接收单播用户面网关的信息。该种可能的实现方式，在管理多播传输路径的控制面会话管理网元和管理单播传输路径的控制面会话管理网元为不同的网元的情况下，第一核心网设备能够获取单播用户面网关信息。
结合第一方面的第四种可能的实现方式，在第五种可能的实现方式中，请求消息中包括终端对应的单播传输路径的标识。该种可能的实现方式，使得第二核心网设备可以根据单播传输路径的标识确定单播用户面网关。
结合第一方面的第四种可能的实现方式或第五种可能的实现方式，在第六种可能的实现方式中，请求消息包括终端对应的多播传输路径的标识，该方法还包括：第一核心网设备向第二核心网设备发送终端对应的单播传输路径的标识和多播传输路径的标识；或者，第一核心网设备向第二核心网设备发送终端对应的单播传输路径的标识和多播用户面网关的信息；多播用户面网关的信息为多播用户面网关的隧道标识，或者，多播用户面网关的信息为多播用户面网关的用户面地址和端口号。该种可能的实现方式，能够使得第二核心网设备获取单播传输路径的标识和多播传输路径的标识，或者单播传输路径的标识和多播用户面网关的信息。
结合第一方面的第三种可能的实现方式，在第七种可能的实现方式中，第一核心网设备根据请求消息，获取单播用户面网关的信息，包括：第一核心网设备根据请求消息，确定终端对应的单播传输路径；第一核心网设备根据单播传输路径，获取单播用户面网关的信息。该种可能的实现方式，第一核心网设备能够获取单播用户面网关的信息，以便向多播用户面网关和/或业务服务器发送单播用户面网关的信息。
结合第一方面的第七种可能的实现方式，在第八种可能的实现方式中，第一核心网设备根据请求消息，确定终端对应的单播传输路径，包括：请求消息中包括终端的标识，第一核心网设备将终端的标识对应的至少一个QoS流中的一个QoS流确定为单播传输路径；或者，请求消息中包括终端的PDU会话的标识，第一核心网设备将终端的PDU会话的标识对应的至少一个QoS流中的一个QoS流确定为单播传输路径；或者，请求消息中包括QoS流的标识，第一核心网设备将QoS流的标识对应的QoS流确定为单播传输路径。该种可能的实现方式，第一核心网设备能够确定切换到的单播传输路径。
结合第一方面的第七种可能的实现方式或第八种可能的实现方式，在第九种可能的实现方式中，该方法还包括：第一核心网设备指示单播用户面网关将接收到的待发送给终端的业务数据通过单播传输路径发送给终端。该种可能的实现方式，通过指示单播用户面网关将接收到的待发送给终端的业务数据通过单播传输路径发送给终端， 从而实现路径切换。
结合第一方面的第九种可能的实现方式，在第十种可能的实现方式中，请求消息包括终端对应的多播传输路径的标识，第一核心网设备指示单播用户面网关将接收到的待发送给终端的业务数据通过单播传输路径发送给终端，包括：第一核心网设备向单播用户面网关发送单播传输路径的标识和多播传输路径的标识；或者，第一核心网设备向单播用户面网关发送单播传输路径的标识和多播用户面网关的信息；多播用户面网关的信息为多播用户面网关的隧道标识，或者，多播用户面网关的信息为多播用户面网关的用户面地址和端口号。该种可能的实现方式，能够使得单播用户面网关获取单播传输路径的标识和多播传输路径的标识，或者单播传输路径的标识和多播用户面网关的信息，以便单播用户面网关将从终端对应的多播传输路径切换到终端对应的单播传输路径的待发送给终端的业务数据通过单播传输路径发送给终端，从而实现路径切换。
结合第一方面的第六种可能的实现方式至第十种可能的实现方式中的任一种，在第十一种可能的实现方式中，该方法还包括：第一核心网设备向终端发送请求消息的响应消息，响应消息中包括单播传输路径的标识。该种可能的实现方式，能够使得终端确定接收待发送给终端的业务数据的单播传输路径，以便终端正确的接收业务数据。
第二方面，提供了一种通信方法，包括：第二核心网设备从第一核心网设备接收请求消息，请求消息用于请求终端对应的单播用户面网关的信息；第二核心网设备根据请求消息，向第一核心网设备发送单播用户面网关的信息。第二方面提供的方法，第二核心网设备可以根据请求消息向第一核心网设备发送单播用户面网关的信息，以便第一核心网设备确定单播用户面网关。
结合第二方面，在第一种可能的实现方式中，请求消息中包括终端对应的单播传输路径的标识，该方法还包括：第二核心网设备指示单播用户面网关通过单播传输路径，将接收到的从终端对应的多播传输路径切换到单播传输路径的待发送给终端的业务数据发送给终端。该种可能的实现方式，通过指示单播用户面网关将接收到的待发送给终端的业务数据通过单播传输路径发送给终端，从而实现路径切换。
结合第二方面的第一种可能的实现方式，在第二种可能的实现方式中，请求消息中还包括：多播传输路径的标识，该方法还包括：第二核心网设备向单播用户面网关发送单播传输路径的标识和多播传输路径的标识。该种可能的实现方式，能够使得单播用户面网关获取单播传输路径的标识和多播传输路径的标识，以便单播用户面网关将从终端对应的多播传输路径切换到终端对应的单播传输路径的待发送给终端的业务数据通过单播传输路径发送给终端，从而实现路径切换。
结合第二方面的第一种可能的实现方式，在第三种可能的实现方式中，请求消息中还包括：终端对应的多播用户面网关的信息，多播用户面网关的信息为多播用户面网关的隧道标识，或者，多播用户面网关的信息为多播用户面网关的用户面地址和端口号，该方法还包括：第二核心网设备向单播用户面网关发送单播传输路径的标识和多播用户面网关的信息。该种可能的实现方式，能够使得单播用户面网关获取单播传输路径的标识和多播用户面网关的信息，以便单播用户面网关将从终端对应的多播传输路径切换到终端对应的单播传输路径的待发送给终端的业务数据通过单播传输路径 发送给终端，从而实现路径切换。
结合第二方面，在第四种可能的实现方式中，该方法还包括：第二核心网设备从第一核心网设备接收单播传输路径的标识和多播传输路径的标识，并向单播用户面网关发送单播传输路径的标识和多播传输路径的标识；或者，第二核心网设备从第一核心网设备接收单播传输路径的标识和终端对应的多播用户面网关的信息，并向单播用户面网关发送单播传输路径的标识和多播用户面网关的信息；多播用户面网关的信息为多播用户面网关的隧道标识，或者，多播用户面网关的信息为多播用户面网关的用户面地址和端口号。该种可能的实现方式，能够使得单播用户面网关获取单播传输路径的标识和多播传输路径的标识，或者单播传输路径的标识和多播用户面网关的信息，以便单播用户面网关将从终端对应的多播传输路径切换到终端对应的单播传输路径的待发送给终端的业务数据通过单播传输路径发送给终端，从而实现路径切换。
第三方面，提供了一种通信方法，包括：终端向第一核心网设备发送请求消息，请求消息用于请求将待发送给终端的业务数据从多播方式切换到单播方式传输；终端从第一核心网设备接收请求消息的响应消息。第三方面提供的方法，终端可以向第一核心网设备发送请求消息，从而使得第一核心网设备将待发送给终端的业务数据从多播方式切换到单播方式传输，从而避免应用层控制信令需要传输到移动通信网络之外的DN进行处理所导致的信令的传输路径长，传输时延大的问题。
结合第三方面，在第一种可能的实现方式中，请求消息中包括终端对应的多播传输路径的标识。该种可能的实现方式，能够使得第一核心网设备确定待切换的多播传输路径。
结合第三方面或第三方面的第一种可能的实现方式，在第二种可能的实现方式中，请求消息中还包括终端的标识、终端的PDU会话的标识或终端的QoS流的标识。该种可能的实现方式，请求消息中包括的终端的标识、终端的PDU会话的标识或终端的QoS流的标识可以用于第一核心网设备确定终端对应的单播传输路径。
结合第三方面、第三方面的第一种可能的实现方式或第二种可能的实现方式，在第三种可能的实现方式中，响应消息中包括终端对应的单播传输路径的标识。该种可能的实现方式，终端能够确定接收待发送给终端的业务数据的单播传输路径，从而正确的接收业务数据。
第四方面，提供了一种通信方法，包括：单播用户面网关接收用于指示将接收到的从终端对应的多播传输路径切换到终端对应的单播传输路径的待发送给终端的业务数据通过单播传输路径发送给终端的指示；单播用户面网关接收待发送给终端的业务数据；单播用户面网关根据指示，通过单播传输路径向终端发送待发送给终端的业务数据。第四方面提供的方法，单播用户面网关可以接收指示，并根据该指示将从终端对应的多播传输路径切换到终端对应的单播传输路径的待发送给终端的业务数据通过单播传输路径发送给终端，从而实现路径切换。
结合第四方面，在第一种可能的实现方式中，该方法还包括：单播用户面网关接收单播传输路径的标识和多播传输路径的标识；或者，单播用户面网关接收单播传输路径的标识和多播用户面网关的信息；多播用户面网关的信息为多播用户面网关的隧道标识，或者，多播用户面网关的信息为多播用户面网关的用户面地址和端口号。该 种可能的实现方式，单播用户面网关能够确定单播传输路径的标识和多播传输路径的标识；或者，单播传输路径的标识和多播用户面网关的信息。
结合第四方面的第一种可能的实现方式，在第二种可能的实现方式中，该方法还包括：单播用户面网关根据单播传输路径的标识，确定单播传输路径。该种可能的实现方式，单播用户面网关能够确定单播传输路径。
结合第四方面的第一种可能的实现方式或第二种可能的实现方式，在第三种可能的实现方式中，该方法还包括：单播用户面网关根据多播传输路径的标识或多播用户面网关的信息，确定待发送给终端的业务数据。该种可能的实现方式，单播用户面网关能够确定待发送给终端的业务数据。
第五方面，提供了一种通信方法，包括：多播用户面网关从第一核心网设备接收指示信息，指示信息用于指示通过单播方式向终端发送从终端对应的多播传输路径切换到终端对应的单播传输路径的待发送给终端的业务数据；多播用户面网关根据指示信息，向终端对应的单播用户面网关发送从业务服务器接收到的待发送给终端的业务数据。第五方面提供的方法，多播用户面网关可以根据接收到的指示信息将从终端对应的多播传输路径切换到终端对应的单播传输路径的待发送给终端的业务数据采用单播方式发送，从而实现路径切换。
结合第五方面，在第一种可能的实现方式中，该方法还包括：多播用户面网关从第一核心网设备接收单播用户面网关的信息。该种可能的实现方式，多播用户面网关通过接收单播用户面网关的信息从而可以确定单播用户面网关。结合第五方面的第一种可能的实现方式，在第二种可能的实现方式中，该方法还包括：多播用户面网关根据单播用户面网关的信息，确定单播用户面网关。该种可能的实现方式，多播用户面网关可以确定单播用户面网关，从而向单播用户面网关发送待发送给终端的业务数据。
第六方面，提供了一种通信方法，包括：业务服务器从第一核心网设备接收指示信息，指示信息用于指示通过单播方式向终端发送从终端对应的多播传输路径切换到终端对应的单播传输路径的待发送给终端的业务数据；业务服务器根据指示信息，向终端对应的单播用户面网关发送待发送给终端的业务数据。第六方面提供的方法，业务服务器可以根据接收到的指示信息将从终端对应的多播传输路径切换到终端对应的单播传输路径的待发送给终端的业务数据采用单播方式发送，从而实现路径切换。
结合第六方面，在第一种可能的实现方式中，该方法还包括：业务服务器从第一核心网设备接收单播用户面网关的信息。该种可能的实现方式，业务服务器通过接收单播用户面网关的信息从而可以确定单播用户面网关。
结合第六方面的第一种可能的实现方式，在第二种可能的实现方式中，该方法还包括：业务服务器根据单播用户面网关的信息，确定单播用户面网关。该种可能的实现方式，业务服务器可以确定单播用户面网关，从而向单播用户面网关发送待发送给终端的业务数据。
第七方面，提供了一种通信装置，包括：通信单元和处理单元；通信单元，用于接收来自终端的请求消息，请求消息用于请求将待发送给终端的业务数据从多播方式切换到单播方式传输；处理单元用于根据请求消息，指示终端对应的多播用户面网关和/或业务服务器通过单播方式向终端发送待发送给终端的业务数据。
结合第七方面，在第一种可能的实现方式中，通信单元，还用于向多播用户面网关和/或业务服务器发送终端对应的单播用户面网关的信息。
结合第七方面，在第二种可能的实现方式中，处理单元具体用于根据请求消息，通过通信单元向多播用户面网关和/或业务服务器发送终端对应的单播用户面网关的信息。
结合第七方面的第一种可能的实现方式或第二种可能的实现方式，在第三种可能的实现方式中，处理单元还用于根据请求消息，获取单播用户面网关的信息。
结合第七方面的第三种可能的实现方式，在第四种可能的实现方式中，处理单元具体用于根据请求消息，通过通信单元向第二核心网设备请求单播用户面网关的信息，并从第二核心网设备接收单播用户面网关的信息。
结合第七方面的第四种可能的实现方式，在第五种可能的实现方式中，请求消息中包括终端对应的单播传输路径的标识。
结合第七方面的第四种可能的实现方式或第五种可能的实现方式，在第六种可能的实现方式中，请求消息包括终端对应的多播传输路径的标识，通信单元，还用于向第二核心网设备发送终端对应的单播传输路径的标识和多播传输路径的标识；或者，通信单元，还用于向第二核心网设备发送终端对应的单播传输路径的标识和多播用户面网关的信息；多播用户面网关的信息为多播用户面网关的隧道标识，或者，多播用户面网关的信息为多播用户面网关的用户面地址和端口号。
结合第七方面的第三种可能的实现方式，在第七种可能的实现方式中，处理单元具体用于根据请求消息，确定终端对应的单播传输路径，并根据单播传输路径，获取单播用户面网关的信息。
结合第七方面的第七种可能的实现方式，在第八种可能的实现方式中，处理单元具体用于：请求消息中包括终端的标识，将终端的标识对应的至少一个QoS流中的一个QoS流确定为单播传输路径；或者，请求消息中包括终端的PDU会话的标识，将终端的PDU会话的标识对应的至少一个QoS流中的一个QoS流确定为单播传输路径；或者，请求消息中包括QoS流的标识，将QoS流的标识对应的QoS流确定为单播传输路径。
结合第七方面的第七种可能的实现方式或第八种可能的实现方式，在第九种可能的实现方式中，处理单元还用于指示单播用户面网关将接收到的待发送给终端的业务数据通过单播传输路径发送给终端。
结合第七方面的第九种可能的实现方式，在第十种可能的实现方式中，请求消息包括终端对应的多播传输路径的标识，处理单元具体用于：通过通信单元向单播用户面网关发送单播传输路径的标识和多播传输路径的标识；或者，通过通信单元向单播用户面网关发送单播传输路径的标识和多播用户面网关的信息；多播用户面网关的信息为多播用户面网关的隧道标识，或者，多播用户面网关的信息为多播用户面网关的用户面地址和端口号。
结合第七方面的第六种可能的实现方式至第十种可能的实现方式中的任一种，在第十一种可能的实现方式中，通信单元，还用于向终端发送请求消息的响应消息，响应消息中包括单播传输路径的标识。
第八方面，提供了一种通信装置，包括：通信单元和处理单元；通信单元，用于从第一核心网设备接收请求消息，请求消息用于请求终端对应的单播用户面网关的信息；处理单元用于根据请求消息，通过通信单元向第一核心网设备发送单播用户面网关的信息。
结合第八方面，在第一种可能的实现方式中，请求消息中包括终端对应的单播传输路径的标识，处理单元还用于指示单播用户面网关通过单播传输路径，将接收到的从终端对应的多播传输路径切换到单播传输路径的待发送给终端的业务数据发送给终端。
结合第八方面的第一种可能的实现方式，在第二种可能的实现方式中，请求消息中还包括：多播传输路径的标识，通信单元，还用于向单播用户面网关发送单播传输路径的标识和多播传输路径的标识。
结合第八方面的第一种可能的实现方式，在第三种可能的实现方式中，请求消息中还包括：终端对应的多播用户面网关的信息，多播用户面网关的信息为多播用户面网关的隧道标识，或者，多播用户面网关的信息为多播用户面网关的用户面地址和端口号，通信单元，还用于向单播用户面网关发送单播传输路径的标识和多播用户面网关的信息。
结合第八方面，在第四种可能的实现方式中，通信单元，还用于从第一核心网设备接收单播传输路径的标识和多播传输路径的标识，并向单播用户面网关发送单播传输路径的标识和多播传输路径的标识；或者，通信单元，还用于从第一核心网设备接收单播传输路径的标识和终端对应的多播用户面网关的信息，并向单播用户面网关发送单播传输路径的标识和多播用户面网关的信息；多播用户面网关的信息为多播用户面网关的隧道标识，或者，多播用户面网关的信息为多播用户面网关的用户面地址和端口号。
第九方面，提供了一种通信装置，包括：通信单元和处理单元；处理单元，用于通过通信单元向第一核心网设备发送请求消息，请求消息用于请求将待发送给终端的业务数据从多播方式切换到单播方式传输；处理单元，还用于通过通信单元从第一核心网设备接收请求消息的响应消息。
结合第九方面，在第一种可能的实现方式中，请求消息中包括终端对应的多播传输路径的标识。
结合第九方面或第九方面的第一种可能的实现方式，在第二种可能的实现方式中，请求消息中还包括终端的标识、终端的PDU会话的标识或终端的QoS流的标识。
结合第九方面、第九方面的第一种可能的实现方式或第二种可能的实现方式，在第三种可能的实现方式中，响应消息中包括终端对应的单播传输路径的标识。
第十方面，提供了一种通信装置，包括：通信单元和处理单元；通信单元，用于接收用于指示将接收到的从终端对应的多播传输路径切换到终端对应的单播传输路径的待发送给终端的业务数据通过单播传输路径发送给终端的指示；通信单元，还用于接收待发送给终端的业务数据；处理单元用于根据指示，通过通信单元采用单播传输路径向终端发送待发送给终端的业务数据。
结合第十方面，在第一种可能的实现方式中，通信单元，还用于接收单播传输路 径的标识和多播传输路径的标识；或者，通信单元，还用于接收单播传输路径的标识和多播用户面网关的信息；多播用户面网关的信息为多播用户面网关的隧道标识，或者，多播用户面网关的信息为多播用户面网关的用户面地址和端口号。
结合第十方面的第一种可能的实现方式，在第二种可能的实现方式中，处理单元，还用于根据单播传输路径的标识，确定单播传输路径。
结合第十方面的第一种可能的实现方式或第二种可能的实现方式，在第三种可能的实现方式中，处理单元，还用于根据多播传输路径的标识或多播用户面网关的信息，确定待发送给终端的业务数据。
第十一方面，提供了一种通信装置，包括：通信单元和处理单元；通信单元，用于从第一核心网设备接收指示信息，指示信息用于指示通过单播方式向终端发送从终端对应的多播传输路径切换到终端对应的单播传输路径的待发送给终端的业务数据；处理单元，用于根据指示信息，通过通信单元向终端对应的单播用户面网关发送从业务服务器接收到的待发送给终端的业务数据。
结合第十一方面，在第一种可能的实现方式中，通信单元还用于从第一核心网设备接收单播用户面网关的信息。
结合第十一方面的第一种可能的实现方式，在第二种可能的实现方式中，处理单元，还用于根据单播用户面网关的信息，确定单播用户面网关。
第十二方面，提供了一种通信装置，包括：通信单元和处理单元；通信单元，用于从第一核心网设备接收指示信息，指示信息用于指示通过单播方式向终端发送从终端对应的多播传输路径切换到终端对应的单播传输路径的待发送给终端的业务数据；处理单元，用于根据指示信息，通过通信单元向终端对应的单播用户面网关发送待发送给终端的业务数据。
结合第十二方面，在第一种可能的实现方式中，通信单元还用于从第一核心网设备接收单播用户面网关的信息。
结合第十二方面的第一种可能的实现方式，在第二种可能的实现方式中，处理单元，还用于根据单播用户面网关的信息，确定单播用户面网关。
第十三方面，提供了一种通信装置，该装置包括：存储器、处理器、至少一个通信接口和通信总线；存储器用于存储计算机执行指令，处理器、存储器和至少一个通信接口通过通信总线连接，处理器执行存储器存储的计算机执行指令，以使得该装置执行对应的方法。该装置可以为上述第一核心网设备、第二核心网设备、单播用户面网关、多播用户面网关、终端或业务服务器。当该装置为第一核心网设备时，该装置对应的方法为第一方面提供的任意一种方法；当该装置为第二核心网设备时，该装置对应的方法为第二方面提供的任意一种方法；当该装置为终端时，该装置对应的方法为第三方面提供的任意一种方法；当该装置为单播用户面网关时，该装置对应的方法为第四方面提供的任意一种方法；当该装置为多播用户面网关时，该装置对应的方法为第五方面提供的任意一种方法；当该装置为业务服务器时，该装置对应的方法为第六方面提供的任意一种方法。该装置可以以芯片的产品形态存在。
第十四方面，提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，包括指令，当其在计算机上运行时，使得计算机执行第一至第六任一方面提供的任意一种方法。
第十五方面，提供了一种包含指令的计算机程序产品，当其在计算机上运行时，使得计算机执行第一至第六任一方面提供的任意一种方法。
第七方面至第十五方面中任一种设计方式所带来的技术效果可参见第一方面至第六方面中不同设计方式所带来的技术效果，此处不再赘述。
附图说明
图1为本申请实施例提供的一种5G网络的架构示意图；
图2-图4分别为本申请实施例提供的一种MBMS的数据传输系统的组成示意图；
图5为本申请实施例提供的一种通信装置的硬件结构示意图；
图6-图9分别为本申请实施例提供的一种通信方法的流程示意图；
图10为本申请实施例提供的一种通信装置的组成示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行描述。其中，在本申请的描述中，除非另有说明，“/”表示“或”的意思，例如，A/B可以表示A或B。本文中的“和/或”仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。在本申请实施例的描述中，“…向A和/或B发送C，A和/或B接收C，A和/或B根据C…”的描述中，可以理解的是，“…向A发送C”时，“A接收C，A根据C…”；“…向B发送C”时，“B接收C，B根据C…”；“…向A和B发送C”时，“A和B接收C，A和B根据C…”。
此外，“多个”是指两个或两个以上。“第一”、“第二”等字样并不对数量和执行次序进行限定，并且“第一”、“第二”等字样也并不限定一定不同。
需要指出的是，本申请实施例的技术方案可以应用于各种通信系统。例如：全球移动通信系统(global system for mobile communication，GSM)、演进通用无线陆地接入(evolved UTRA，E-UTRA)、通用移动通信系统(universal mobile telecommunications system，UMTS)以及UMTS演进版本、长期演进(long term evolution，LTE)和基于LTE演进的各种版本、或第五代(5th-generation，5G)通信系统、以及新空口(new radio，NR)等下一代通信系统。
图1示例性的示出了5G网络的一种网络架构示意图。在该示意图中，5G网络可以包括下述网络功能(network function，NF)实体：鉴权服务器功能(authentication server function，AUSF)实体、接入和移动性管理功能(access and mobility management function，AMF)实体、DN、统一数据管理(unified data management，UDM)实体、策略控制功能(policy control function，PCF)实体、(无线)接入网((radio)access network，(R)AN)实体、用户面功能(user plane function，UPF)实体、用户设备(user equipment，UE)、应用功能(application function，AF)实体、会话管理功能(session management function，SMF)实体等。
其中，UE可以称为终端(terminal)，终端可以是无线终端也可以是有线终端。无线终端可以是指向用户提供语音和/或数据连通性的设备，具有无线连接功能的手持式设备或连接到无线调制解调器的其他处理设备。无线终端可以经AN/RAN与一个或多个核心网设备通信，如与AMF、SMF等进行通信。无线终端可以是移动终端，如移 动电话(或称为“蜂窝”电话)、智能电话、卫星无线设备、无线调制解调器卡以及具有移动终端的计算机，例如，可以是膝上型、便携式、袖珍式、手持式、计算机内置的或者车载的移动装置，它们与RAN交换语音和/或数据。示例性的，无线终端可以为个人通信业务(personal communication service，PCS)电话、无绳电话、会话发起协议(session initiation protocol，SIP)话机、无线本地环路(wireless local loop，WLL)站、个人数字助理(personal digital assistant，PDA)等设备。无线终端也可以称为订户单元(subscriber unit)、订户站(subscriber station)，移动站(mobile station)、移动台(mobile)、远程站(remote station)、接入点(access point)、远程终端(remote terminal)、接入终端(access terminal)、用户终端(user terminal)、用户代理(user agent)。另外，终端还可以是中继(relay)。
PCF，具备向控制面功能实体提供策略规则等功能。
UDM，具备管理用户的签约数据，生成用户的认证信息等功能。
AF，可以是应用服务器，其可以属于运营商，也可以属于第三方。
(R)AN，由多个5G-RAN节点组成的网络，实现无线物理层功能、资源调度和无线资源管理、无线接入控制以及移动性管理功能。5G-RAN节点通过用户面接口N3和UPF相连，用于传送终端的数据。5G-RAN节点通过控制面接口N2和AMF建立控制面信令连接，用于实现无线接入承载控制等功能。
AMF，主要负责终端的注册管理、终端的连接管理、终端的可达性管理、终端的接入授权和接入鉴权、终端的安全功能，终端的移动性管理，网络切片(network slice)选择，SMF选择等功能。AMF作为N1和N2信令连接的锚点并为SMF提供N1/N2接口会话管理(session management，SM)消息的路由；维护和管理终端的状态信息。
SMF，主要负责终端会话管理的所有控制面功能，包括UPF的选择与控制，网络互连协议(internet protocol，IP)地址分配及管理，会话的服务质量(quality of service，QoS)管理，从PCF获取策略与计费控制(policy and charging control，PCC)策略等。SMF还作为非接入层(non-access stratum，NAS)消息中SM部分的终结点。
UPF，作为分组数据单元(packet data unit，PDU)会话(session)连接的锚定点，负责对终端的数据报文过滤、数据传输/转发、速率控制、生成计费信息、用户面QoS处理、上行传输认证、传输等级验证、下行数据包缓存及下行数据通知触发等。UPF还可以作为多宿主(multi-homed)PDU会话的分支点。
可以理解的是，除图1所示功能实体之外，5G网络的网络架构还可以包括其他功能实体。例如，在AF实体和PCF实体之间还可以包括网络开放功能(network exposure function，NEF)实体，可以用于交互网络内部和外部信息等。在本申请实施例中，实体也可以称为网元或设备等。
需要说明的是，图1中的(R)AN实体、AMF实体、SMF实体、AUSF实体、UDM实体、UPF实体和PCF实体等仅是一个名字，名字对实体本身不构成限定。在5G网络以及未来其它的网络中，这些实体所对应的网元或设备也可以是其他的名字，本申请实施例对此不作具体限定。例如，UDM实体还有可能被替换为用户归属服务器(home subscriber server，HSS)或者用户签约数据库(user subscription database，USD)或者数据库实体，等等，在此进行统一说明，以下不再赘述。
此外，图1中的UDM实体、AUSF实体、PCF实体、AMF实体和SMF实体也可以统称为控制面功能(control plane function，CPF)实体，本申请实施例对此不作具体限定。为方便描述，在下文中将(R)AN实体、AMF实体、SMF实体、UDM实体、UPF实体、PCF实体和CPF实体分别通过(R)AN、AMF、SMF、UDM、UPF、PCF和CPF指代。
本申请实施例提供的方法还可以应用在网络切片中。网络切片技术是将一个物理网络切割成多个虚拟的端到端的网络。每个虚拟网络包括网络内的设备、接入技术、传输路径和核心网，这些均是逻辑独立的。每个网络切片由一个独立的网络功能或功能组合实例化构成，具备不同的功能特点，面向不同的需求和服务。网络切片的分离使得不同用户、用户组可以根据其不同应用场景和需求灵活、动态的定义和定制网络能力，而相互间不影响。以5G网络为例，一个网络切片可以包括CPF和UPF。其中，CPF主要完成终端的接入鉴权、安全加密、位置注册等接入控制和移动性管理功能，以及用户面传输路径的建立、释放和更改等会话管理功能。UPF主要完成用户面数据的路由转发等功能。
本申请实施例提供的方法还可以应用在3GPP多媒体多播/组播服务(multimedia broadcast/multicast service，MBMS)的数据传输系统中，可以参见图2、图3和图4。图2、图3和图4分别为一种基于5G网络的3GPP MBMS的数据传输系统的架构示意图。
如图2所示的架构中包括：应用服务器、MBMS业务控制单元、MBMS会话管理单元、UPF、AMF、终端和RAN节点。应用服务器发送的业务数据可以通过UPF和RAN节点多播至多个终端。
如图3所示的架构中包括：应用服务器、MBMS会话管理单元、UPF、AMF、终端和RAN节点。应用服务器发送的业务数据可以通过UPF和RAN节点多播至多个终端。
图4为图2和图3中所示的两个架构的结合。
下面对图2-图4中涉及的网元进行介绍，具体如下：
MBMS会话管理单元，主要负责多播传输路径的标识的分配，多播传输路径的建立，动态多播/组播单频网络(multimedia broadcast multicast service single frequency network，MBSFN)区域配置管理等；向MBMS业务控制单元发送多播传输路径的信息。MBMS会话管理单元可以为一个逻辑网元，例如，可以是对现有5G架构中的SMF的增强(即MBMS会话管理单元的功能集成在SMF中)，也可以是一个独立的物理网元。MBMS会话管理单元也可以称为MBMS传输控制单元，或者组会话管理网元等。
MBMS业务控制单元，主要负责根据业务需求、用户分布等信息确定业务的传输模式(单播或多播)；向MBMS会话管理单元发送业务控制信息和媒体数据；用户的业务授权管理和群组成员管理；将业务所对应的多播传输路径的信息下发给用户。MBMS业务控制单元可以为一个逻辑网元，也可以为一个独立的物理网元。
需要说明的是，MBMS业务控制单元和MBMS会话管理单元可以部署在一个物理设备中。
AMF，负责转发MBMS会话管理单元和RAN节点之间的控制信令。
UPF，负责将接收到的用户面数据采用点到点(单播)或者点到多点(多播)的方式发送给RAN节点。
RAN节点，负责与MBMS会话管理单元交互控制信令；接收UPF发送的数据，并在空口通过无线广播信道发送给终端。
MBMS会话管理单元与终端之间的参考点(reference point)，用于交互MBMS传输控制信令(即与传输相关的信令，这些控制面信令用于在通信网络中建立传输业务数据的用户面传输路径)。MBMS会话管理单元与UPF之间的参考点用于交互MBMS传输控制信令。MBMS会话管理单元与AMF之间的参考点用于交互MBMS传输控制信令。
MBMS业务控制单元与终端之间的参考点，用于交互MBMS业务控制信令(即与业务有关的信令，这些信令用于通知终端与业务相关的描述信息或业务与多播传输路径的映射关系(例如，哪个业务在哪个多播传输路径上传输)。
MBMS业务控制单元与MBMS会话管理单元之间的参考点，用于交互MBMS传输控制信令和媒体数据。
如图5所示，本申请实施例提供的一种通信装置的硬件结构示意图，该通信装置可以为下文中的第一核心网设备、第二核心网设备、单播用户面网关、多播用户面网关、终端或业务服务器。该通信装置50包括至少一个处理器(例如，处理器501，处理器508)，通信总线502，存储器503以及至少一个通信接口504。
处理器501可以是一个或多个通用中央处理器(central processing unit，CPU)，微处理器，特定应用集成电路(application-specific integrated circuit，ASIC)，或一个或多个用于控制本申请方案程序执行的集成电路。
通信总线502，用于在上述组件之间通信，以传送信息。
通信接口504，用于与其他设备或通信网络通信，可以使用任何收发器一类的装置，如以太网、RAN节点、无线局域网(wireless local area networks，WLAN)等。
存储器503，用于存储执行本申请方案的计算机执行指令，并由处理器501来控制执行。处理器501用于执行存储器503中存储的计算机执行指令，从而实现本申请下述实施例提供的方法，例如，执行下文中第一核心网设备、第二核心网设备、单播用户面网关、多播用户面网关、终端或业务服务器的动作。存储器503可以是只读存储器(read-only memory，ROM)或可存储静态信息和指令的其他类型的静态存储设备，随机存取存储器(random access memory，RAM)或者可存储信息和指令的其他类型的动态存储设备，也可以是电可擦可编程只读存储器(electrically erasable programmable read-only memory，EEPROM)、只读光盘(compact disc read-only memory，CD-ROM)或其他光盘存储、光碟存储(包括压缩光碟、激光碟、光碟、数字通用光碟、蓝光光碟等)、磁盘存储介质或者其他磁存储设备、或者能够用于携带或存储具有指令或数据结构形式的期望的程序代码并能够由计算机存取的任何其他介质，但不限于此。存储器503可以是独立存在，通过通信总线502与处理器501相连接。存储器503也可以和处理器501集成在一起。
可选地，本申请实施例中的计算机执行指令也可以称之为应用程序代码，本申请 实施例对此不作具体限定。
作为一种实施例，处理器501可以包括一个或多个CPU，例如图5中的CPU0和CPU1。
作为一种实施例，通信装置50可以包括多个处理器，例如图5中的处理器501和处理器508。这些处理器中的每一个可以是一个单核(single-CPU)处理器，也可以是一个多核(multi-CPU)处理器。这里的处理器可以指一个或多个设备、电路、和/或用于处理数据(例如计算机程序指令)的处理核。
作为一种实施例，通信装置50还可以包括输出设备505和输入设备506。输出设备505和处理器501通信，可以以多种方式来显示信息。输入设备506和处理器501通信，可以以多种方式接收用户的输入。
为了方便理解本申请实施例的技术方案，首先将与本申请相关的内容作简要介绍。
单播传输路径：DN与一个用户的用户面数据的传输路径，可以用于传输上行和下行数据。一个终端和一个DN之间可以有多个单播传输路径。单播传输路径可以通过QoS需求进行区分。在5G通信系统中，单播传输路径可以为QoS流(QoS flow)。单播传输路径也可以称为单播承载或单播流。为方便描述，本申请后续实施例中，将以单播传输路径为例进行描述。
多播传输路径：DN向一组用户传输同一用户面数据的下行传输路径。多播传输路径可以为一个多播会话(例如，MBMS会话)对应的数据流。一个多播传输路径中可以包含一个UPF和至少一个RAN，UPF可以将用户面数据发送到该至少一个RAN，再由该至少一个RAN通过空口广播信道发送给一组用户。多播传输路径可以通过QoS需求和/或服务区域(例如，网络区域或者地理位置区域)区分，即多播传输路径可以用于传输满足该QoS需求和/或处于该服务区域内的用户的业务数据。多播传输路径可以通过多播传输路径标识来标识，示例性的，多播传输路径标识可以为临时群组标识(temporary mobile group identity，TMGI)，还可以为TMGI和流标识(flow ID)的组合。多播传输路径也可以称为多播承载(例如，MBMS承载)、组流、或多播流。为方便描述，本申请后续实施例中，将以多播传输路径为例进行描述。其中，一组用户包括多个用户，一组用户通常可以通过服务区域划分。例如，A城市B行政区的终端可以是一组用户。
多播会话：一组用户与提供多播业务的DN之间的上下文信息。该上下文信息可以存储在多个控制面网元中，控制面网元可以对存储的该组上下文信息进行更新和删除。该上下文信息可以包括多播传输路径的标识、多播业务的QoS参数、多播业务的服务区域、多播业务覆盖的小区的小区标识列表、多播业务的传输持续时间、和多播业务传输的开始时间等。多播会话也可以称为组会话、群组会话等。
本申请实施例中，多播可以替换为组播或广播，不予限制。需要指出的是，本申请各实施例中涉及的名词或术语可以相互参考，不予限制。
本申请实施例提供了一种通信方法，如图6所示，该方法包括：
601、终端向第一核心网设备发送第一请求消息。
相应的，第一核心网设备接收来自终端的第一请求消息。
其中，第一请求消息用于请求将待发送给终端的业务数据(也可以称为目标数据) 从多播方式切换到单播方式传输；或者，第一请求消息用于请求采用单播方式传输目标数据。
第一请求消息可以为路径切换请求消息、切换请求消息、路径切换消息、单播切换请求、多播转单播切换请求或多播会话更新请求等消息。例如，第一请求消息为SM NAS消息。
示例性的，采用多播方式传输目标数据可以为通过多播传输路径传输目标数据，该情况下，目标数据在空口可以通过广播信道(channel)传输。采用单播方式传输目标数据可以为通过单播传输路径传输目标数据，该情况下，目标数据在空口可以通过单播信道传输。
需要说明的是，假设目标数据采用多播方式传输，多播传输路径中的RAN节点可以采用多播的方式向该终端所属的终端组中的全部终端发送该目标数据；假设目标数据采用单播方式传输时，单播传输路径中的RAN节点可以采用点对点的方式向该终端发送该目标数据。其中，终端组可以包括至少两个终端。
由于采用多播方式传输目标数据可以为通过多播传输路径传输目标数据，采用单播方式传输目标数据可以为通过单播传输路径传输目标数据。因此，可替换的，第一请求消息用于请求将目标数据从多播传输路径切换到单播传输路径。该多播传输路径为待切换的多播传输路径或切换前的多播传输路径，可以称之为源多播传输路径。该单播传输路径为切换后的单播传输路径，可以称之为目标单播传输路径。
源多播传输路径可以由终端确定。该情况下，第一请求消息中可以包括源多播传输路径的标识，因此，第一请求消息可以用于请求切换该源多播传输路径的标识对应的源多播传输路径到目标单播传输路径。
源多播传输路径也可以由第一核心网设备确定。该情况下，第一请求消息中可以包括多播传输路径的标识和该多播传输路径的接收质量信息。若该接收质量信息表明该多播传输路径的接收质量较差，则第一核心网设备可以确定切换该多播传输路径(即该多播传输路径为源多播传输路径)。
目标单播传输路径可以由终端确定。该情况下，第一请求消息中可以包括目标单播传输路径的标识，第一核心网设备可以确定将源多播传输路径切换到第一请求消息中包括的目标单播传输路径的标识对应的目标单播传输路径。
目标单播传输路径也可以由第一核心网设备确定。该情况下，第一请求消息中可以包括终端的标识或终端的PDU会话的标识，第一核心网设备可以根据终端的标识或终端的PDU会话的标识确定目标单播传输路径，具体可参见下文中的方式1。第一请求消息中也可以不包括终端的标识或终端的PDU会话的标识，第一核心网设备可以自行确定目标单播传输路径，具体可参见下文中的方式2。
可选地，步骤601替换为：终端根据该终端在多播传输路径上的接收质量，向第一核心网设备发送第一请求消息。
一种示例性的实现方式，终端可以检测在多播传输路径上的接收质量，例如，检测终端在多播传输路径上的丢包率、接收信号强度或块错误率等，当该接收质量满足预设条件时，例如，接收信号的强度小于预设门限，再例如，丢包率大于或等于预设门限，终端可以将该多播传输路径作为源多播传输路径，并向第一核心网设备发送携 带该源多播传输路径的标识的第一请求消息，以请求第一核心网设备切换该源多播传输路径。可替换的，终端可以将接收质量满足预设条件的多播传输路径的标识和该多播传输路径的接收质量信息携带在第一请求消息中，以便第一核心网设备确定源多播传输路径。
另一种示例性的实现方式，终端可以将多播传输路径中的终端的接收质量最差的多播传输路径作为源多播传输路径，并向第一核心网设备发送携带该源多播传输路径的标识的第一请求消息，以请求第一核心网设备切换该源多播传输路径。例如，终端可以将多播传输路径中的丢包率最高的多播传输路径作为源多播传输路径。可替换的，终端可以将多播传输路径中的终端的接收质量最差的多播传输路径的标识和该多播传输路径的接收质量信息携带在第一请求消息中，以便第一核心网设备确定源多播传输路径。
另外，终端还可以将RAN节点挂起(suspend)的多播传输路径作为源多播传输路径，并向第一核心网设备发送携带该源多播传输路径的标识的第一请求消息，以请求第一核心网设备切换该源多播传输路径。
需要说明的是，在将目标数据从源多播传输路径切换到目标单播传输路径之前，终端可以通过源多播传输路径接收业务数据，该业务数据与目标数据可以属于同一业务。在将目标数据从源多播传输路径切换到目标单播传输路径之后，源多播传输路径仍然可以用于多播该业务的业务数据，即终端组中的终端仍然可以通过源多播传输路径接收该业务的业务数据。
其中，第一核心网设备可以为用于管理源多播传输路径的控制面会话管理网元。示例性的，第一核心网设备可以为MBMS会话管理单元。当MBMS会话管理单元的功能集成在SMF中时，第一核心网设备可以为SMF。
602、第一核心网设备根据第一请求消息，指示终端对应的多播用户面网关和/或业务服务器通过单播方式向终端发送目标数据。
其中，终端对应的多播用户面网关可以用于传输源多播传输路径承载的业务数据。示例性的，多播用户面网关可以为UPF。在本申请实施例中，终端对应的多播用户面网关可以理解为终端可以通过该多播用户面网关接收到目标数据。终端对应的业务服务器可以理解为发送目标数据的服务器。其中，业务服务器可以为应用业务服务器或MBMS业务控制单元，该应用业务服务器可以为运营商的应用业务服务器，也可以是第三方的应用业务服务器，不予限制。
上述指示可以采用显式的方式，例如，第一核心网设备可以采用向多播用户面网关和/或业务服务器发送指示信息(可以称之为第一指示信息)，第一指示信息用于指示通过单播方式向终端发送目标数据。第一指示信息可以为消息中携带的一个参数或多个参数的集合，也可以为消息本身，例如，消息类型，或消息名称。
上述指示也可以采用隐式的方式，例如，第一核心网设备可以通过在某条消息中不携带特殊信元的方式来指示多播用户面网关和/或业务服务器通过单播方式向终端发送目标数据。
在一个示例中，假设第一指示信息为终端对应的单播用户面网关的信息，单播用户面网关可以用于传输目标单播传输路径承载的业务数据，单播用户面网关可以为 UPF。终端对应的单播用户面网关可以理解为终端可以通过单播用户面网关接收到目标数据。该情况下，步骤602在具体实现时可以包括：第一核心网设备根据第一请求消息，向多播用户面网关和/或业务服务器发送单播用户面网关的信息。相应的，多播用户面网关和/或业务服务器从第一核心网设备接收单播用户面网关的信息。进一步地，多播用户面网关和/或业务服务器可以根据单播用户面网关的信息，确定单播用户面网关，进而确定通过单播方式向终端发送目标数据。
在另一个示例中，假设第一指示信息为消息中携带的一个或多个比特位的值，多播用户面网关和/或业务服务器通过该一个或多个比特位的值确定通过单播方式向终端发送目标数据。该情况下，上述方法还可以包括：第一核心网设备向多播用户面网关和/或业务服务器发送单播用户面网关的信息。相应的，多播用户面网关和/或业务服务器从第一核心网设备接收单播用户面网关的信息。进一步地，多播用户面网关和/或业务服务器可以将该单播用户面网关的信息对应的单播用户面网关作为终端对应的单播用户面网关，可以参见前述示例中的相关描述。
其中，单播用户面网关的信息和第一指示信息可以包含在同一个消息中传输，也可以包含在不同的消息中传输。
此外，单播用户面网关的信息用于确定单播用户面网关，可以为单播用户面网关的标识，例如，单播用户面网关的名称、单播用户面网关的地址(例如，IP地址、完全合格域名(fully qualified domain name，FQDN)、统一资源标识符(uniform resource identifier，URI)、统一资源定位符(uniform resource locator，URL))、或单播用户面网关的隧道标识等。
可选地，若第一核心网设备指示多播用户面网关通过单播方式向终端发送目标数据，则多播用户面网关从第一核心网设备接收第一指示信息，在步骤602之后执行步骤603。若第一核心网设备指示业务服务器通过单播方式向终端发送目标数据，则业务服务器从第一核心网设备接收第一指示信息，在步骤602之后执行步骤604。若第一核心网设备指示多播用户面网关和业务服务器通过单播方式向终端发送目标数据，则多播用户面网关和业务服务器接收第一指示信息，在步骤602之后执行步骤603和604，603和604的执行顺序不分先后。
603、多播用户面网关根据第一指示信息，向单播用户面网关发送从业务服务器接收到的目标数据。
步骤603在具体实现时可以包括：多播用户面网关根据第一指示信息确定单播用户面网关，并向该单播用户面网关发送从业务服务器接收到的目标数据。
示例性的，当第一指示信息为单播用户面网关的信息时，多播用户面网关可以根据从第一核心网设备接收到的该单播用户面网关的信息确定单播用户面网关。当第一指示信息为一个或多个比特位的值时，若多播用户面网关还从第一核心网设备接收单播用户面网关的信息，则多播用户面网关根据该单播用户面网关的信息确定单播用户面网关，否则，多播用户面网关可以将配置在多播用户面网关中的单播用户面网关确定为单播用户面网关。需要说明的是，当通信网络中仅有一个单播用户面网关时，通信网络运营商可以将该单播用户面网关的信息配置在多播用户面网关处，以便多播用户面网关确定单播用户面网关。
604、业务服务器根据第一指示信息，向单播用户面网关发送目标数据。
步骤604在具体实现时可以包括：业务服务器根据第一指示信息确定单播用户面网关，并向该单播用户面网关发送目标数据。
示例性的，当第一指示信息为单播用户面网关的信息时，业务服务器可以根据从第一核心网设备接收到的该单播用户面网关的信息确定单播用户面网关。当第一指示信息为一个或多个比特位的值时，若业务服务器还从第一核心网设备接收单播用户面网关的信息，则业务服务器根据该单播用户面网关的信息确定单播用户面网关，否则，业务服务器可以将配置在业务服务器中的单播用户面网关确定为单播用户面网关。需要说明的是，当通信网络中仅有一个单播用户面网关时，通信网络运营商可以将该单播用户面网关的信息配置在业务服务器处，以便业务服务器确定单播用户面网关。
在步骤603和/或步骤604之后，上述方法还可以包括：单播用户面网关向终端发送接收到的目标数据。相应的，终端从单播用户面网关接收目标数据。
上述实施例提供的方法，多播用户面网关和/或业务服务器可以通过向单播用户面网关发送目标数据从而实现通过单播方式向终端发送目标数据。
可选地，上述方法还包括：终端从单播用户面网关和多播用户面网关接收目标数据；在预设时间段之后，终端从单播用户面网关接收目标数据。
在将目标数据从源多播传输路径切换到目标单播传输路径后，为了保证终端上的业务的连续性以及可靠性，通信网络可以进行一段时间的双流传输，终端通过源多播传输路径和目标单播传输路径同时接收目标数据(即终端从单播用户面网关和多播用户面网关接收目标数据)。该情况下，在步骤603中，多播用户面网关可以将接收到的目标数据进行复制得到两份数据，一份仍然通过源多播传输路径向包含该终端的终端组多播，一份通过目标单播传输路径向终端发送。经过预设时间段后，终端可以仅从目标单播传输路径上接收数据。
可选地，在步骤603和/或步骤604之前，上述方法还包括：第一核心网设备向多播用户面网关和/或业务服务器发送源多播传输路径的标识。相应地，多播用户面网关和/或业务服务器接收源多播传输路径的标识，并根据源多播传输路径的标识确定目标数据。示例性的，多播用户面网关和/或业务服务器可以将携带该源多播传输路径的标识的数据确定为目标数据。
可选地，在步骤603和/或步骤604之前，上述方法还包括：第一核心网设备向多播用户面网关和/或业务服务器发送多播用户面网关的用户面地址和端口号。相应地，多播用户面网关和/或业务服务器可以根据多播用户面网关的用户面地址和端口号确定目标数据。示例性的，多播用户面网关和/或业务服务器可以将发往多播用户面网关的用户面地址和端口号的数据确定为目标数据。
本申请实施例提供的方法，第一核心网设备在接收到第一请求消息后，指示业务服务器和/或多播用户面网关通过单播方式向终端发送目标数据，从而能够使得业务服务器和/或多播用户面网关根据该指示通过单播方式向终端发送目标数据，从而通过核心网设备完成路径切换，可以避免现有技术中的用于控制路径切换的应用层控制信令需要传输到移动通信网络之外的DN进行处理所导致的信令的传输路径长，传输时延大的问题。
可选地，上述方法还包括：11)第一核心网设备根据第一请求消息，获取单播用户面网关的信息。
步骤11)可以执行在“第一核心网设备向多播用户面网关和/或业务服务器发送单播用户面网关的信息”之前。
在一种实施场景中，第二核心网设备为用于管理目标单播传输路径的控制面会话管理网元，该实施场景下：
步骤11)在具体实现时可以包括：
21)第一核心网设备根据第一请求消息，向第二核心网设备请求单播用户面网关的信息；示例性地，第一核心网设备根据第一请求消息，向第二核心网设备发送第二请求消息，以请求单播用户面网关的信息。
22)第二核心网设备从第一核心网设备接收第二请求消息。
23)第二核心网设备根据第二请求消息，向第一核心网设备发送单播用户面网关的信息。
24)第一核心网设备从第二核心网设备接收单播用户面网关的信息。
其中，第二核心网设备可以为SMF。
第二请求消息可以为用户面网关请求消息、路径切换请求消息、切换请求消息、路径切换消息、单播切换请求、多播转单播切换请求或多播会话更新请求等消息。
可选地，第二请求消息中包括目标单播传输路径的标识、终端的标识和终端的PDU会话的标识中的至少一个。其中，目标单播传输路径的标识、终端的标识和终端的PDU会话的标识中的至少一个用于第二核心网设备确定单播用户面网关。
在一个示例中，当第二请求消息中包括目标单播传输路径的标识时，由于第二核心网设备为用于管理目标单播传输路径的控制面会话管理网元，因此，第二核心网设备中可以存储目标单播传输路径的标识与单播用户面网关的对应关系，步骤23)中第二核心网设备可以根据该对应关系以及目标单播传输路径的标识确定单播用户面网关，并将该单播用户面网关的信息发送给第一核心网设备。
在另一个示例中，当第二请求消息中包括终端的标识和终端的PDU会话的标识中的至少一个时，步骤23)中第二核心网设备在终端或终端的PDU会话对应的单播用户面网关中选择单播用户面网关，并将该单播用户面网关的信息发送给第一核心网设备。示例性的，第二核心网设备可以在终端或终端的PDU会话对应的单播用户面网关中选择负载最小的单播用户面网关，并将该单播用户面网关的信息发送给第一核心网设备。
可选地，步骤21)在具体实现时，包括：
31)第一核心网设备根据第一请求消息，确定目标单播传输路径。
32)第一核心网设备根据目标单播传输路径确定第二核心网设备。
33)第一核心网设备向第二核心网设备请求单播用户面网关的信息。
可选地，第一请求消息中还包括终端的标识、终端的PDU会话的标识或终端的QoS流的标识。在该情况下，步骤31)可以通过下述方式1实现。在第一请求消息中不包括终端的标识、终端的PDU会话的标识和终端的QoS流的标识的情况下，步骤31)可以通过下述方式2实现。
方式1、第一核心网设备根据第一请求消息中的终端的标识、终端的PDU会话的标识或终端的QoS流的标识确定目标单播传输路径。具体可以参见下面描述：
当第一请求消息中包括终端的标识，第一核心网设备将终端的标识对应的至少一个QoS流中的一个QoS流确定为目标单播传输路径；或，
当第一请求消息中包括终端的PDU会话的标识，第一核心网设备将终端的PDU会话的标识对应的至少一个QoS流中的一个QoS流确定为目标单播传输路径；或，
当第一请求消息中包括QoS流的标识，第一核心网设备将QoS流的标识对应的QoS流确定为目标单播传输路径。
方式2、第一核心网设备获取终端的多个单播传输路径，在终端的多个单播传输路径中确定目标单播传输路径。
具体的，第一核心网设备可以从UDM或者PCF中获取终端的多个单播传输路径。
示例性的，当方式1中第一请求消息中包括终端的标识或终端的PDU会话的标识，或者，第一核心网设备采用方式2确定目标单播传输路径时，一种示例性的实现方式，第一核心网设备可以根据QoS流的一个或多个属性确定目标单播传输路径。例如，第一核心网设备可以选择5G服务质量标识符(5G QoS indicator，5QI)或QoS流标识(QoS Flow identity，QFI)值与目标数据要求的QoS级别相同或者更高的QoS流，还可以选择QoS流的资源分配抢占优先级(allocation and retention priority)与目标数据要求的资源分配抢占优先级相同或者更高的QoS流。另一种示例性的实现方式，第一核心网设备可以确定离多播用户面网关位置最近的单播用户面网关上的单播传输路径为目标单播传输路径，以减少多播用户面网关与单播用户面网关之间的信令开销，降低多播用户面网关与单播用户面网关之间的传输时延。
步骤32)在具体实现时，第一核心网设备可以从UDM或者PCF中获取单播传输路径和用于管理单播传输路径的控制面会话管理网元之间的对应关系，从而根据该对应关系和目标单播传输路径确定第二核心网设备。
可选地，为了使得单播用户面网关将目标数据正确的发送给终端，上述方法还包括：
41)第二核心网设备指示单播用户面网关通过目标单播传输路径，将接收到的从源多播传输路径切换到目标单播传输路径的目标数据发送给终端。
42)单播用户面网关接收用于指示将接收到的从源多播传输路径切换到目标单播传输路径的目标数据通过目标单播传输路径发送给终端的指示。
43)单播用户面网关接收目标数据。
44)单播用户面网关根据该指示，通过目标单播传输路径向终端发送目标数据。
步骤41)中的指示可以采用显式的方式，例如，第二核心网设备可以向单播用户面网关发送指示信息(可以称之为第二指示信息)，第二指示信息用于指示单播用户面网关通过目标单播传输路径将目标数据发送给终端。第二指示信息可以为消息中携带的一个参数或多个参数的集合，也可以为消息本身，例如，消息类型，或消息名称。
步骤41)中的指示也可以采用隐式的方式，例如，第二核心网设备可以通过在某条消息中不携带特殊信元的方式来指示单播用户面网关通过目标单播传输路径将目标数据发送给终端。
在一个示例中，假设第二指示信息为消息中携带的一个或多个比特位的值，单播用户面网关通过该一个或多个比特位的值确定通过目标单播传输路径将目标数据发送给终端。
在另一个示例中，假设第二指示信息为目标单播传输路径的标识和源多播传输路径的标识。该情况下，步骤41)在具体实现时可以包括：第二核心网设备向单播用户面网关发送目标单播传输路径的标识和源多播传输路径的标识。在该情况下，当第二请求消息中包括目标单播传输路径的标识时，第一核心网设备可以将源多播传输路径的标识也包含在第二请求消息中向第二核心网设备发送。当然，第一核心网设备还可以通过其他消息向第二核心网设备发送目标单播传输路径的标识和源多播传输路径的标识。
在另一个示例中，第二指示信息为目标单播传输路径的标识和多播用户面网关的信息。该情况下，步骤41)在具体实现时可以包括：第二核心网设备向单播用户面网关发送目标单播传输路径的标识和多播用户面网关的信息。在该情况下，当第二请求消息中包括目标单播传输路径的标识时，第一核心网设备可以将多播用户面网关的信息也包含在第二请求消息中向第二核心网设备发送。当然，第一核心网设备还可以通过其他消息向第二核心网设备发送目标单播传输路径的标识和多播用户面网关的信息。
其中，多播用户面网关的信息可以为多播用户面网关的隧道标识，还可以为多播用户面网关的用户面地址和端口号。其中，多播用户面网关的用户面地址可以为多播用户面网关的IP地址。
在另一种实施场景中，第一核心网设备可以为用于管理目标单播传输路径的控制面会话管理网元，该实施场景下：
步骤11)在具体实现时可以包括：
51)第一核心网设备根据第一请求消息，确定目标单播传输路径；
52)第一核心网设备根据目标单播传输路径，获取单播用户面网关的信息。
其中，步骤51)的具体实现可参见上述步骤31)的具体实现，在此不再赘述。
其中，步骤52)在具体实现时，由于第一核心网设备为用于管理目标单播传输路径的控制面会话管理网元，第一核心网设备中可以存储有目标单播传输路径与单播用户面网关之间的对应关系，第一核心网设备可以根据该对应关系确定单播用户面网关的信息。第一核心网设备还可以从UDM或者PCF中获取单播用户面网关的信息。示例性的，第一核心网设备将目标单播传输路径的标识包含在请求消息中向UDM或者PCF发送，该请求消息用于请求目标单播传输路径对应的单播用户面网关的信息，UDM或者PCF中可以存储有终端的单播传输路径与单播用户面网关的对应关系，UDM或者PCF在接收到该请求消息后，可以根据该对应关系和目标单播传输路径的标识确定单播用户面网关的信息，并向第一核心网设备发送单播用户面网关的信息。
可选地，为了使得单播用户面网关将目标数据正确的发送给终端，上述方法还包括步骤61)-64)。
61)第一核心网设备指示单播用户面网关将接收到的目标数据通过目标单播传输路径发送给终端。
其中，62)-64)分别与步骤42)-44)相同。
其中，步骤61)的具体实现可参见步骤41)，所不同的地方仅在于此处为第一核心网设备对单播用户面网关进行指示。
可选地，上述方法还包括：单播用户面网关根据接收到的目标单播传输路径的标识确定目标单播传输路径。
可选地，上述方法还包括：单播用户面网关根据接收到的源多播传输路径的标识或多播用户面网关的信息确定目标数据。
示例性地，单播用户面网关根据接收到的源多播传输路径的标识确定目标数据的实现方式可以为：单播用户面网关可以将接收到的携带该源多播传输路径的标识的数据确定为目标数据。当多播用户面网关的信息为多播用户面网关的隧道标识时，单播用户面网关根据接收到的多播用户面网关的信息确定目标数据的实现方式可以为：单播用户面网关可以将来自该多播用户面网关的隧道标识所标识的隧道的数据确定为目标数据。当多播用户面网关的信息为多播用户面网关的用户面地址和端口号时，单播用户面网关根据接收到的多播用户面网关的信息确定目标数据的实现方式可以为：单播用户面网关可以将来自该多播用户面网关的用户面地址和端口号的数据确定为目标数据。
可选地，在第一核心网设备确定目标单播传输路径之后，上述方法还包括：第一核心网设备向终端发送第一请求消息的响应消息。
相应地，终端从第一核心网设备接收第一请求消息的响应消息。
其中，该响应消息可以用于指示第一核心网设备成功处理第一请求消息，即第一核心网设备成功对目标数据的传输路径进行了切换。
进一步的，响应消息中可以包括目标单播传输路径的标识，以便终端确定接收目标数据的单播传输路径。响应消息可以用于终端确定目标数据由源多播传输路径切换到目标单播传输路径传输，保证终端正确的接收目标数据。
在本申请实施例中，源多播传输路径为终端对应的多播传输路径，终端可以通过对应的多播传输路径接收业务数据。目标单播传输路径为终端对应的单播传输路径，终端可以通过对应的单播传输路径接收业务数据。
以下以上述方法应用在5G网络中为例对上述方法作示例性说明，具体可参见实施例1和实施例2。实施例1和实施例2中的与上文中描述相同但未作解释的部分可参见上文中的相应部分的描述。
实施例1
实施例1中第一核心网设备可以为用于管理源多播传输路径的控制面会话管理网元，第二核心网设备可以为用于管理目标单播传输路径的控制面会话管理网元。参见图7，实施例1提供的方法包括：
701、终端与网络侧建立PDU会话。
步骤701的具体实现可参见现有技术。
终端与网络侧建立的PDU会话中可以包括多个QoS流。例如，终端与网络侧建立的PDU会话1中可以包括QoS流1和QoS流2。
702、终端在源多播传输路径上接收终端的业务数据。
步骤702在具体实现时，终端可以通过多播用户面网关在源多播传输路径上接收 终端的业务数据。
步骤701和步骤702的执行顺序不分先后。
703、终端向AMF发送第一请求消息。
相应的，AMF从终端接收第一请求消息。
步骤703在具体实现时，可以包括：终端根据在源多播传输路径上的接收质量，向AMF发送第一请求消息。示例性的，终端可以在确定该接收质量不满足要求(例如，终端在源多播传输路径上的丢包率大于或等于预设门限)时，向AMF发送第一请求消息。
其中，第一请求消息可以用于请求将目标数据从多播方式切换到单播方式传输。目标数据为待发送给终端的业务数据，目标数据与终端在源多播传输路径上接收的业务数据可以属于同一业务。
可替换的，第一请求消息可以用于请求将目标数据从源多播传输路径切换到目标单播传输路径。该情况下，第一请求消息中可以包括源多播传输路径的标识；进一步地，还可以包括目标单播传输路径的标识。
需要说明的是，实施例1和实施例2中以第一请求消息中包括源多播传输路径的标识和目标单播传输路径的标识、且目标单播传输路径为QoS流1为例对上述方法进行示例性说明。
可选地，第一请求消息中还包括第一核心网设备的标识。第一核心网设备的标识可以用于AMF确定第一核心网设备，以便执行步骤704。
其中，第一核心网设备可以为用于管理源多播传输路径的控制面会话管理网元。示例性的，第一核心网设备可以为MBMS会话管理单元。当MBMS会话管理单元的功能集成在SMF中时，第一核心网设备可以为SMF。
704、AMF向第一核心网设备发送第一请求消息。
相应的，第一核心网设备从AMF接收第一请求消息。
其中，AMF可以根据第一请求消息中的源多播传输路径的标识向第一核心网设备发送第一请求消息。
示例性的，AMF可以将携带源多播传输路径的标识的请求消息向UDM或者PCF发送，该请求消息用于请求管理源多播传输路径的控制面会话管理网元的信息，UDM或者PCF中存储有多播传输路径与控制面会话管理网元的对应关系，UDM或者PCF根据该对应关系和源多播传输路径的标识确定第一核心网设备，并向AMF发送第一核心网设备的信息(例如，第一核心网设备的标识)，AMF向第一核心网设备的信息对应的第一核心网设备发送第一请求消息。
当第一请求消息中还包括第一核心网设备的标识时，AMF向第一核心网设备的标识对应的第一核心网设备发送第一请求消息。705、第一核心网设备根据第一请求消息，向第二核心网设备发送第二请求消息。
相应的，第二核心网设备从第一核心网设备接收第二请求消息。
其中，第二请求消息用于请求单播用户面网关的信息，单播用户面网关可以用于传输QoS流1承载的业务数据。
步骤705在具体实现时，第一核心网设备可以根据第一请求消息中的QoS流1的 标识确定用于传输目标数据的目标单播传输路径为QoS流1，并将QoS流1的标识包含在第二请求消息中，向第二核心网设备发送该第二请求消息。
其中，第二核心网设备可以为分配该QoS流1的标识的设备，例如，SMF。
706、第二核心网设备根据第二请求消息，向第一核心网设备发送单播用户面网关的信息。
相应的，第一核心网设备从第二核心网设备接收单播用户面网关的信息。
步骤706在具体实现时，第二核心网设备可以根据第二请求消息中的QoS流1的标识确定单播用户面网关，并向第一核心网设备发送单播用户面网关的信息。
其中，由于第二核心网设备可以为用于管理QoS流1的控制面会话管理网元，因此，第二核心网设备中可以存储QoS流1的标识与单播用户面网关的对应关系，第二核心网设备可以根据该对应关系和QoS流1的标识确定单播用户面网关。
707、第二核心网设备向单播用户面网关发送第二指示信息。
相应的，单播用户面网关从第二核心网设备接收第二指示信息。
其中，第二指示信息用于指示将接收到的目标数据通过QoS流1发送给终端。
在步骤707之后，上述方法还可以包括：单播用户面网关向第二核心网设备发送用于指示单播用户面网关成功接收到第二指示信息的响应消息。
第一种可能的实现方式，多播用户面网关可以向单播用户面网关发送目标数据，单播用户面网关通过QoS流1向终端发送目标数据。该情况下，在步骤707之后，可以执行步骤708a-712a。
第二种可能的实现方式，业务服务器可以向单播用户面网关发送目标数据，单播用户面网关通过QoS流1向终端发送目标数据。该情况下，在步骤707之后，可以执行步骤708b-711b。
708a、第一核心网设备向多播用户面网关发送第一指示信息。
相应的，多播用户面网关从第一核心网设备接收第一指示信息。多播用户面网关可以用于传输源多播传输路径承载的业务数据。
其中，第一指示信息用于指示通过单播方式向终端发送目标数据。具体的，第一指示信息可以通过指示通过单播用户面网关向终端发送目标数据从而指示通过单播方式向终端发送目标数据。
在步骤708a之后，多播用户面网关可以向第一核心网设备发送用于指示多播用户面网关成功接收到第一指示信息的响应消息。
709a、第一核心网设备向终端发送响应消息。
相应的，终端从第一核心网设备接收响应消息。
其中，步骤709a中的响应消息可以包括用于指示QoS流1的信息。示例性的，用于指示QoS流1的信息可以为QoS流1的标识。
710a、多播用户面网关从业务服务器接收目标数据。
711a、多播用户面网关向单播用户面网关发送目标数据。
相应的，单播用户面网关从多播用户面网关接收目标数据。
712a、单播用户面网关通过QoS流1向终端发送目标数据。
708b、第一核心网设备向业务服务器发送第一指示信息。
相应的，业务服务器从第一核心网设备接收第一指示信息。
在步骤708b之后，上述方法还可以包括：业务服务器向第一核心网设备发送业务服务器成功接收到第一指示信息的响应消息。
709b、第一核心网设备向终端发送响应消息。
相应的，终端从第一核心网设备接收响应消息。
其中，步骤709b中的响应消息可以包括用于指示QoS流1的信息。示例性的，用于指示QoS流1的信息可以为QoS流1的标识。
710b、业务服务器向单播用户面网关发送目标数据。
相应的，单播用户面网关从业务服务器接收目标数据。
711b、单播用户面网关通过QoS流1向终端发送目标数据。
实施例2
实施例2中第一核心网设备为用于管理源多播传输路径和目标单播传输路径的控制面会话管理网元。参见图8，实施例2提供的方法包括：
801-804、与步骤701-704分别相同，不再赘述。
805、第一核心网设备向单播用户面网关发送第二指示信息。
相应的，单播用户面网关从第一核心网设备接收第二指示信息。
其中，第二指示信息用于指示将接收到的目标数据通过QoS流1发送给终端。
在步骤805之后，单播用户面网关可以向第一核心网设备发送用于指示单播用户面网关成功接收到第二指示信息的响应消息。
第一种可能的实现方式，多播用户面网关可以向单播用户面网关发送目标数据，单播用户面网关通过QoS流1向终端发送目标数据。该情况下，在步骤805之后，可以执行步骤806a-810a。
第二种可能的实现方式，业务服务器可以向单播用户面网关发送目标数据，单播用户面网关通过QoS流1向终端发送目标数据。该情况下，在步骤805之后，可以执行步骤806b-809b。
806a-810a、与步骤708a-712a分别对应相同。
806b-809b、与步骤708b-711b分别对应相同。
由于实施例2中第一核心网设备为用于管理源多播传输路径和目标单播传输路径的控制面会话管理网元，第一核心网设备中已经存储有单播用户面网关的信息。因此，实施例2中不需要第一核心网设备和第二核心网设备之间的交互(即没有步骤705-706)。
实施例1和实施例2的有益效果可以参见上文，在此不再赘述。
本申请实施例还提供了一种路径切换方法，该实施例中，在进行路径切换时终端上没有单播传输路径，参见图9，该方法包括：
901、终端在源多播传输路径上接收终端的业务数据。
步骤901在具体实现时，终端可以通过多播用户面网关在源多播传输路径上接收终端的业务数据。该实施例中与上文中的描述相同但未作解释的部分可参见上文中的相应部分的解释。
902、终端向AMF发送第三请求消息。
相应的，AMF从终端接收第三请求消息。
步骤902在具体实现时，可以包括：终端根据在源多播传输路径上的接收质量，向AMF发送第三请求消息。示例性的，终端可以在确定该接收质量不满足要求(例如，终端在源多播传输路径上的丢包率大于或等于预设门限)时，向AMF发送第三请求消息。
其中，第三请求消息可以用于请求将目标数据从多播方式切换到单播方式传输。目标数据为待发送给终端的业务数据，目标数据与终端在源多播传输路径上接收的业务数据可以属于同一业务。
可替换的，第三请求消息可以用于请求将目标数据从源多播传输路径切换到目标单播传输路径。由于此时终端上还没有单播传输路径，因此，目标单播传输路径可以由第一核心网设备在后续步骤中建立。第三请求消息中可以包括源多播传输路径的标识；或者，第三请求消息中可以包括源多播传输路径的标识和终端在源多播传输路径上的接收质量信息。
可选地，第三请求消息中还包括第一核心网设备的标识。第一核心网设备的标识可以用于AMF确定第一核心网设备，以便执行步骤903。
其中，第一核心网设备可以为用于管理源多播传输路径的控制面会话管理网元。示例性的，第一核心网设备可以为MBMS会话管理单元。当MBMS会话管理单元的功能集成在SMF中时，第一核心网设备可以为SMF。
903、AMF向第一核心网设备发送第三请求消息。
相应的，第一核心网设备从AMF接收第三请求消息。
在步骤903之前，AMF可以确定第一核心网设备，确定的方法可参见上文中的步骤704部分的描述，不再赘述。
904、第一核心网设备根据第三请求消息，确定切换源多播传输路径。
步骤904的具体实现与图6所示的实施例中的第一核心网设备根据第一请求消息确定切换源多播传输路径的方式类似，可参考上文，不再赘述。
905、第一核心网设备向多播用户面网关发送N4会话建立/修改请求消息。
相应的，多播用户面网关从第一核心网设备接收N4会话建立/修改请求消息。多播用户面网关可以用于传输源多播传输路径承载的业务数据。
其中，N4会话建立/修改请求消息可以用于请求建立/修改N4会话。N4会话建立/修改请求消息中可以包括源多播传输路径的标识和目标单播传输路径的标识。
其中，目标单播传输路径的标识可以由第一核心网设备生成或分配。示例性的，单播传输路径可以为QoS流，此时，单播传输流经的标识为QoS流的标识。
在步骤905之前，上述方法还可以包括：第一核心网设备选择多播用户面网关作为用于传输目标单播传输路径上承载的业务数据的用户面网关。该种实现方式，与选择一个新的用户面网关作为用于传输目标单播传输路径上承载的业务数据的用户面网关相比，能够避免新的用户面网关与多播用户面网关之间的信令交互，降低信令开销和用户面数据传输的时延。
在步骤905之后，上述方法还可以包括：多播用户面网关向第一核心网设备发送N4会话建立/修改响应消息。其中，N4会话建立/修改响应消息可以用于指示多播用户 面网关成功接收到N4会话建立/修改请求消息。
906、第一核心网设备向AMF发送SM请求(SM request)。
相应的，AMF从第一核心网设备接收SM请求。
其中，SM请求中可以包括PDU会话建立请求消息、终端的标识、源多播传输路径的标识和目标单播传输路径的标识。PDU会话建立请求消息用于请求建立PDU会话。PDU会话建立请求消息可以是SM NAS消息。
其中，源多播传输路径的标识和目标单播传输路径的标识可以指示通过源多播传输路径传输的目标数据切换到通过目标单播传输路径传输。
907、AMF向RAN节点发送N2 PDU会话请求(N2 PDU session request)。
相应的，RAN节点从AMF接收N2 PDU会话请求。
其中，N2 PDU会话请求可以用于请求建立N2 PDU会话。N2 PDU会话请求中可以包括SM NAS信息(session management NAS message)(即PDU会话建立请求消息)、源多播传输路径的标识和目标单播传输路径的标识。
908、RAN节点与终端之间进行AN特定资源配置(AN-specific resource setup)。
其中，AN特定资源配置用于为终端分配空口资源，该空口资源用于终端与RAN节点之间进行数据传输。
步骤908在具体实现时可以包括：RAN节点向终端发送PDU会话建立请求消息、终端的标识、源多播传输路径的标识和目标单播传输路径的标识，PDU会话建立请求消息中包括RAN节点为终端分配的空口资源；终端获取RAN节点分配的空口资源，并建立源多播传输路径的标识和目标单播传输路径的标识之间的对应关系；终端向RAN节点发送PDU会话建立接受消息和终端的标识。
909、RAN节点向AMF发送N2 PDU会话请求确认(N2 PDU session request ACK)。
相应的，AMF从RAN节点接收N2 PDU会话请求确认。
其中，N2 PDU会话请求确认可以用于AMF对N2 PDU会话请求进行应答。
910、AMF向第一核心网设备发送携带N2 SM信息的SM响应(SM response with N2 SM info)。
相应的，第一核心网设备从AMF接收携带N2信息的SM响应。
其中，SM响应可以用于AMF对SM请求进行应答。
在步骤910之后，终端的目标单播传输路径被建立，多播用户面网关可以通过目标单播传输路径传输目标数据。
该实施例提供的方法，在进行路径切换时终端上没有单播传输路径的场景下核心网设备仍然可以实现路径切换。从而可以避免应用层控制信令需要传输到移动通信网络之外的DN进行处理所导致的信令的传输路径长，传输时延大的问题。
上述实施例提供的方法，SMF，UDM，PCF以及终端可以知道在路径切换之前终端是否有单播传输路径。若在路径切换之前SMF，UDM，PCF或终端确定终端有单播传输路径，则通过图6、图7或图8所示的方法进行路径切换。若在路径切换之前SMF，UDM，PCF或终端确定终端没有单播传输路径，则通过图9所示的方法进行路径切换。
上述主要从方法角度对本申请实施例提供的方案进行了介绍。可以理解的是，本申请实施例中的通信装置(该通信装置可以为上文中的第一核心网设备、第二核心网 设备、单播用户面网关、多播用户面网关、终端或业务服务器)为了实现上述功能，其包含了执行各个功能相应的硬件结构和/或软件模块。本领域技术人员应该很容易意识到，结合本文中所公开的实施例描述的各示例的单元及算法步骤，本申请能够以硬件或硬件和计算机软件的结合形式来实现。某个功能究竟以硬件还是计算机软件驱动硬件的方式来执行，取决于技术方案的特定应用和设计约束条件。专业技术人员可以对每个特定的应用来使用不同方法来实现所描述的功能，但是这种实现不应认为超出本申请的范围。
本申请实施例可以根据上述方法示例对该通信装置进行功能模块的划分，例如，可以对应各个功能划分各个功能模块，也可以将两个或两个以上的功能集成在一个处理模块中。上述集成的模块既可以采用硬件的形式实现，也可以采用软件功能模块的形式实现。需要说明的是，本申请实施例中对模块的划分是示意性的，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式。
本申请实施例提供了一种通信装置100，可以参见图10。该通信装置100可以用于执行上述各方法实施例中第一核心网设备的动作。该装置100可以是第一核心网设备，例如，MBMS会话管理单元或SMF，也可以是该第一核心网设备上的芯片或片上系统，不予限制。具体地，装置100可以包括：处理单元1001和通信单元1002。可选地，该装置100还可以包括存储单元1003，用于存储第一核心网设备的程序代码和数据。
通信单元1002，用于接收来自终端的请求消息，请求消息用于请求将待发送给终端的业务数据从多播方式切换到单播方式传输；
处理单元1001用于根据请求消息，指示终端对应的多播用户面网关和/或业务服务器通过单播方式向终端发送待发送给终端的业务数据。
可选地，通信单元1002，还用于向多播用户面网关和/或业务服务器发送终端对应的单播用户面网关的信息。
可选地，处理单元1001具体用于根据请求消息，通过通信单元1002向多播用户面网关和/或业务服务器发送终端对应的单播用户面网关的信息。
可选地，处理单元1001还用于根据请求消息，获取单播用户面网关的信息。
可选地，处理单元1001具体用于根据请求消息，通过通信单元1002向第二核心网设备请求单播用户面网关的信息，并从第二核心网设备接收单播用户面网关的信息。
可选地，请求消息中包括终端对应的单播传输路径的标识。
可选地，请求消息包括终端对应的多播传输路径的标识，通信单元1002，还用于向第二核心网设备发送终端对应的单播传输路径的标识和多播传输路径的标识；或者，通信单元1002，还用于向第二核心网设备发送终端对应的单播传输路径的标识和多播用户面网关的信息；多播用户面网关的信息为多播用户面网关的隧道标识，或者，多播用户面网关的信息为多播用户面网关的用户面地址和端口号。
可选地，处理单元1001具体用于根据请求消息，确定终端对应的单播传输路径，并根据单播传输路径，获取单播用户面网关的信息。
可选地，处理单元1001具体用于：请求消息中包括终端的标识，将终端的标识对应的至少一个QoS流中的一个QoS流确定为单播传输路径；或者，请求消息中包括终 端的PDU会话的标识，将终端的PDU会话的标识对应的至少一个QoS流中的一个QoS流确定为单播传输路径；或者，请求消息中包括QoS流的标识，将QoS流的标识对应的QoS流确定为单播传输路径。
可选地，处理单元1001还用于指示单播用户面网关将接收到的待发送给终端的业务数据通过单播传输路径发送给终端。
可选地，请求消息包括终端对应的多播传输路径的标识，处理单元1001具体用于：通过通信单元1002向单播用户面网关发送单播传输路径的标识和多播传输路径的标识；或者，通过通信单元1002向单播用户面网关发送单播传输路径的标识和多播用户面网关的信息；多播用户面网关的信息为多播用户面网关的隧道标识，或者，多播用户面网关的信息为多播用户面网关的用户面地址和端口号。
可选地，通信单元1002，还用于向终端发送请求消息的响应消息，响应消息中包括单播传输路径的标识。
本申请实施例提供了另一种通信装置100，可以参见图10。该通信装置100可以用于执行上述各方法实施例中第二核心网设备的动作。该装置100可以是第二核心网设备，例如，SMF，也可以是该第二核心网设备上的芯片或片上系统，不予限制。具体地，装置100可以包括：处理单元1001和通信单元1002。可选地，该装置100还可以包括存储单元1003，用于存储第二核心网设备的程序代码和数据。
通信单元1002，用于从第一核心网设备接收请求消息，请求消息用于请求终端对应的单播用户面网关的信息；
处理单元1001用于根据请求消息，通过通信单元1002向第一核心网设备发送单播用户面网关的信息。
可选地，请求消息中包括终端对应的单播传输路径的标识，处理单元1001还用于指示单播用户面网关通过单播传输路径，将接收到的从终端对应的多播传输路径切换到单播传输路径的待发送给终端的业务数据发送给终端。
可选地，请求消息中还包括：多播传输路径的标识，通信单元1002，还用于向单播用户面网关发送单播传输路径的标识和多播传输路径的标识。
可选地，请求消息中还包括：终端对应的多播用户面网关的信息，多播用户面网关的信息为多播用户面网关的隧道标识，或者，多播用户面网关的信息为多播用户面网关的用户面地址和端口号，通信单元1002，还用于向单播用户面网关发送单播传输路径的标识和多播用户面网关的信息。
可选地，通信单元1002，还用于从第一核心网设备接收单播传输路径的标识和多播传输路径的标识，并向单播用户面网关发送单播传输路径的标识和多播传输路径的标识；或者，通信单元1002，还用于从第一核心网设备接收单播传输路径的标识和终端对应的多播用户面网关的信息，并向单播用户面网关发送单播传输路径的标识和多播用户面网关的信息；多播用户面网关的信息为多播用户面网关的隧道标识，或者，多播用户面网关的信息为多播用户面网关的用户面地址和端口号。
本申请实施例提供了另一种通信装置100，可以参见图10。该通信装置100可以用于执行上述各方法实施例中终端的动作。该装置100可以是终端，也可以是该终端上的芯片或片上系统，不予限制。具体地，装置100可以包括：处理单元1001和通信 单元1002。可选地，该装置100还可以包括存储单元1003，用于存储终端的程序代码和数据。
处理单元1001，用于通过通信单元1002向第一核心网设备发送请求消息，请求消息用于请求将待发送给终端的业务数据从多播方式切换到单播方式传输；
处理单元1001，还用于通过通信单元1002从第一核心网设备接收请求消息的响应消息。
可选地，请求消息中包括终端对应的多播传输路径的标识。
可选地，请求消息中还包括终端的标识、终端的PDU会话的标识或终端的QoS流的标识。
可选地，响应消息中包括终端对应的单播传输路径的标识。
本申请实施例提供了另一种通信装置100，可以参见图10。该通信装置100可以用于执行上述各方法实施例中单播用户面网关的动作。该装置100可以是单播用户面网关，例如，UPF，也可以是该单播用户面网关上的芯片或片上系统，不予限制。具体地，装置100可以包括：处理单元1001和通信单元1002。可选地，该装置100还可以包括存储单元1003，用于存储单播用户面网关的程序代码和数据。
通信单元1002，用于接收用于指示将接收到的从终端对应的多播传输路径切换到终端对应的单播传输路径的待发送给终端的业务数据通过单播传输路径发送给终端的指示；
通信单元1002，还用于接收待发送给终端的业务数据；
处理单元1001用于根据指示，通过通信单元1002采用单播传输路径向终端发送待发送给终端的业务数据。
可选地，通信单元1002，还用于接收单播传输路径的标识和多播传输路径的标识；或者，通信单元1002，还用于接收单播传输路径的标识和多播用户面网关的信息；多播用户面网关的信息为多播用户面网关的隧道标识，或者，多播用户面网关的信息为多播用户面网关的用户面地址和端口号。
可选地，处理单元1001，还用于根据单播传输路径的标识，确定单播传输路径。
可选地，处理单元1001，还用于根据多播传输路径的标识或多播用户面网关的信息，确定待发送给终端的业务数据。
本申请实施例提供了另一种通信装置100，可以参见图10。该通信装置100可以用于执行上述各方法实施例中多播用户面网关的动作。该装置100可以是多播用户面网关，例如，UPF，也可以是该多播用户面网关上的芯片或片上系统，不予限制。具体地，装置100可以包括：处理单元1001和通信单元1002。可选地，该装置100还可以包括存储单元1003，用于存储多播用户面网关的程序代码和数据。
通信单元1002，用于从第一核心网设备接收指示信息，指示信息用于指示通过单播方式向终端发送从终端对应的多播传输路径切换到终端对应的单播传输路径的待发送给终端的业务数据；
处理单元1001，用于根据指示信息，通过通信单元1002向终端对应的单播用户面网关发送从业务服务器接收到的待发送给终端的业务数据。
可选地，通信单元1002还用于从第一核心网设备接收单播用户面网关的信息。
可选地，处理单元1001，还用于根据单播用户面网关的信息，确定单播用户面网关。
本申请实施例提供了另一种通信装置100，可以参见图10。该通信装置100可以用于执行上述各方法实施例中业务服务器的动作。该装置100可以是业务服务器，也可以是该业务服务器上的芯片或片上系统，不予限制。具体地，装置100可以包括：处理单元1001和通信单元1002。可选地，该装置100还可以包括存储单元1003，用于存储业务服务器的程序代码和数据。
通信单元1002，用于从第一核心网设备接收指示信息，指示信息用于指示通过单播方式向终端发送从终端对应的多播传输路径切换到终端对应的单播传输路径的待发送给终端的业务数据；
处理单元1001，用于根据指示信息，通过通信单元1002向终端对应的单播用户面网关发送待发送给终端的业务数据。
可选地，通信单元1002还用于从第一核心网设备接收单播用户面网关的信息。
可选地，处理单元1001，还用于根据单播用户面网关的信息，确定单播用户面网关。
在上述实施例中，处理单元1001可以是处理器或控制器，处理单元1002可以是通信接口、收发器、收发电路等，其中，通信接口是统称，可以包括一个或多个接口。存储单元1003可以是存储器。当处理单元1001为处理器，处理单元1002为通信接口，存储单元1003为存储器时，本申请实施例所涉及的通信装置100可以为图2所示的通信装置。
本申请实施例还提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，包括指令，当其在计算机上运行时，使得计算机执行上述各方法实施例中第一核心网设备、第二核心网设备、单播用户面网关、多播用户面网关、终端或业务服务器的动作。
本申请实施例还提供了一种包含指令的计算机程序产品，当其在计算机上运行时，使得计算机执行上述各方法实施例中第一核心网设备、第二核心网设备、单播用户面网关、多播用户面网关、终端或业务服务器的动作。
本申请实施例还提供了一种通信系统，包括上述实施例中的第一核心网设备和终端，还包括多播用户面网关和/或业务服务器。
可选地，该系统还包括：上述第二核心网设备，可以参见图7或图8所示的实施例。
在上述实施例中，可以全部或部分地通过软件、硬件、固件或者其任意组合来实现。当使用软件程序实现时，可以全部或部分地以计算机程序产品的形式来实现。该计算机程序产品包括一个或多个计算机指令。在计算机上加载和执行计算机程序指令时，全部或部分地产生按照本申请实施例所述的流程或功能。所述计算机可以是通用计算机、专用计算机、计算机网络、或者其他可编程装置。所述计算机指令可以存储在计算机可读存储介质中，或者从一个计算机可读存储介质向另一个计算机可读存储介质传输，例如，所述计算机指令可以从一个网站站点、计算机、服务器或者数据中心通过有线(例如同轴电缆、光纤、数字用户线(digital subscriber line，DSL))或无线(例如红外、无线、微波等)方式向另一个网站站点、计算机、服务器或数据中 心进行传输。所述计算机可读存储介质可以是计算机能够存取的任何可用介质或者是包含一个或多个可以用介质集成的服务器、数据中心等数据存储设备。所述可用介质可以是磁性介质(例如，软盘、硬盘、磁带)，光介质(例如，DVD)、或者半导体介质(例如固态硬盘(solid state disk，SSD))等。
尽管在此结合各实施例对本申请进行了描述，然而，在实施所要求保护的本申请过程中，本领域技术人员通过查看所述附图、公开内容、以及所附权利要求书，可理解并实现所述公开实施例的其他变化。在权利要求中，“包括”(comprising)一词不排除其他组成部分或步骤，“一”或“一个”不排除多个的情况。单个处理器或其他单元可以实现权利要求中列举的若干项功能。相互不同的从属权利要求中记载了某些措施，但这并不表示这些措施不能组合起来产生良好的效果。
尽管结合具体特征及其实施例对本申请进行了描述，显而易见的，在不脱离本申请的精神和范围的情况下，可对其进行各种修改和组合。相应地，本说明书和附图仅仅是所附权利要求所界定的本申请的示例性说明，且视为已覆盖本申请范围内的任意和所有修改、变化、组合或等同物。显然，本领域的技术人员可以对本申请进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本申请的精神和范围。这样，倘若本申请的这些修改和变型属于本申请权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内，则本申请也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。

Claims (23)

  1. 一种通信方法，其特征在于，包括：
    第一核心网设备接收来自终端的请求消息，所述请求消息用于请求将待发送给所述终端的业务数据从多播方式切换到单播方式传输；
    所述第一核心网设备根据所述请求消息，指示所述终端对应的多播用户面网关和/或业务服务器通过所述单播方式向所述终端发送所述待发送给所述终端的业务数据。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的通信方法，其特征在于，所述通信方法还包括：
    所述第一核心网设备向所述多播用户面网关和/或所述业务服务器发送所述终端对应的单播用户面网关的信息。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的通信方法，其特征在于，所述第一核心网设备根据所述请求消息，指示多播用户面网关和/或业务服务器通过所述单播方式向所述终端发送所述待发送给所述终端的业务数据，包括：
    所述第一核心网设备根据所述请求消息，向所述多播用户面网关和/或所述业务服务器发送所述终端对应的单播用户面网关的信息。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的通信方法，其特征在于，所述通信方法还包括：
    所述第一核心网设备根据所述请求消息，获取所述单播用户面网关的信息。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的通信方法，其特征在于，所述第一核心网设备根据所述请求消息，获取所述单播用户面网关的信息，包括：
    所述第一核心网设备根据所述请求消息，向第二核心网设备请求所述单播用户面网关的信息；
    所述第一核心网设备从所述第二核心网设备接收所述单播用户面网关的信息。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的通信方法，其特征在于，所述请求消息包括所述终端对应的多播传输路径的标识，所述通信方法还包括：
    所述第一核心网设备向所述第二核心网设备发送所述终端对应的单播传输路径的标识和所述多播传输路径的标识；或者，
    所述第一核心网设备向所述第二核心网设备发送所述终端对应的单播传输路径的标识和所述多播用户面网关的信息；所述多播用户面网关的信息为所述多播用户面网关的隧道标识，或者，所述多播用户面网关的信息为所述多播用户面网关的用户面地址和端口号。
  7. 根据权利要求4所述的通信方法，其特征在于，所述第一核心网设备根据所述请求消息，获取所述单播用户面网关的信息，包括：
    所述第一核心网设备根据所述请求消息，确定所述终端对应的单播传输路径；
    所述第一核心网设备根据所述单播传输路径，获取所述单播用户面网关的信息。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的通信方法，其特征在于，所述第一核心网设备根据所述请求消息，确定所述终端对应的单播传输路径，包括：
    所述请求消息中包括所述终端的标识，所述第一核心网设备将所述终端的标识对应的至少一个服务质量QoS流中的一个QoS流确定为所述单播传输路径；或者，
    所述请求消息中包括所述终端的分组数据单元PDU会话的标识，所述第一核心网设备将所述终端的PDU会话的标识对应的至少一个QoS流中的一个QoS流确定为所 述单播传输路径；或者，
    所述请求消息中包括QoS流的标识，所述第一核心网设备将所述QoS流的标识对应的QoS流确定为所述单播传输路径。
  9. 根据权利要求7或8所述的通信方法，其特征在于，所述通信方法还包括：
    所述第一核心网设备指示所述单播用户面网关将接收到的所述待发送给所述终端的业务数据通过所述单播传输路径发送给所述终端。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的通信方法，其特征在于，所述请求消息包括所述终端对应的多播传输路径的标识，所述第一核心网设备指示所述单播用户面网关将接收到的所述待发送给所述终端的业务数据通过所述单播传输路径发送给所述终端，包括：
    所述第一核心网设备向所述单播用户面网关发送所述单播传输路径的标识和所述多播传输路径的标识；或者，
    所述第一核心网设备向所述单播用户面网关发送所述单播传输路径的标识和所述多播用户面网关的信息；所述多播用户面网关的信息为所述多播用户面网关的隧道标识，或者，所述多播用户面网关的信息为所述多播用户面网关的用户面地址和端口号。
  11. 根据权利要求6-10任一项所述的通信方法，其特征在于，所述通信方法还包括：
    所述第一核心网设备向所述终端发送所述请求消息的响应消息，所述响应消息中包括所述单播传输路径的标识。
  12. 一种通信方法，其特征在于，包括：
    第二核心网设备从第一核心网设备接收请求消息，所述请求消息用于请求终端对应的单播用户面网关的信息；
    所述第二核心网设备根据所述请求消息，向所述第一核心网设备发送所述单播用户面网关的信息。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的通信方法，其特征在于，所述请求消息中包括所述终端对应的单播传输路径的标识，所述通信方法还包括：
    所述第二核心网设备指示所述单播用户面网关通过所述单播传输路径，将接收到的从所述终端对应的多播传输路径切换到所述单播传输路径的待发送给所述终端的业务数据发送给所述终端。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的通信方法，其特征在于，所述请求消息中还包括：所述多播传输路径的标识，所述通信方法还包括：
    所述第二核心网设备向所述单播用户面网关发送所述单播传输路径的标识和所述多播传输路径的标识。
  15. 根据权利要求13所述的通信方法，其特征在于，所述请求消息中还包括：所述终端对应的多播用户面网关的信息，所述多播用户面网关的信息为所述多播用户面网关的隧道标识，或者，所述多播用户面网关的信息为所述多播用户面网关的用户面地址和端口号，所述通信方法还包括：
    所述第二核心网设备向所述单播用户面网关发送所述单播传输路径的标识和所述多播用户面网关的信息。
  16. 根据权利要求13所述的通信方法，其特征在于，所述通信方法还包括：
    所述第二核心网设备从所述第一核心网设备接收所述单播传输路径的标识和所述多播传输路径的标识，并向所述单播用户面网关发送所述单播传输路径的标识和所述多播传输路径的标识；
    或者，
    所述第二核心网设备从所述第一核心网设备接收所述单播传输路径的标识和所述终端对应的多播用户面网关的信息，并向所述单播用户面网关发送所述单播传输路径的标识和所述多播用户面网关的信息；所述多播用户面网关的信息为所述多播用户面网关的隧道标识，或者，所述多播用户面网关的信息为所述多播用户面网关的用户面地址和端口号。
  17. 一种通信方法，其特征在于，包括：
    终端向第一核心网设备发送请求消息，所述请求消息用于请求将待发送给所述终端的业务数据从多播方式切换到单播方式传输；
    所述终端从所述第一核心网设备接收所述请求消息的响应消息。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的通信方法，其特征在于，所述请求消息中包括所述终端对应的多播传输路径的标识。
  19. 根据权利要求17或18所述的通信方法，其特征在于，所述请求消息中还包括所述终端的标识、所述终端的分组数据单元PDU会话的标识或所述终端的服务质量QoS流的标识。
  20. 根据权利要求17-19任一项所述的通信方法，其特征在于，所述响应消息中包括所述终端对应的单播传输路径的标识。
  21. 一种通信装置，其特征在于，所述通信装置包括：存储器和处理器；
    所述存储器用于存储计算机执行指令，所述处理器执行所述存储器存储的所述计算机执行指令，以使所述通信装置实现如权利要求1-11中任意一项所述的通信方法。
  22. 一种通信装置，其特征在于，所述通信装置包括：存储器和处理器；
    所述存储器用于存储计算机执行指令，所述处理器执行所述存储器存储的所述计算机执行指令，以使所述通信装置实现如权利要求12-16中任意一项所述的通信方法。
  23. 一种通信装置，其特征在于，所述通信装置包括：存储器和处理器；
    所述存储器用于存储计算机执行指令，所述处理器执行所述存储器存储的所述计算机执行指令，以使所述通信装置实现如权利要求17-20中任意一项所述的通信方法。
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