WO2020001363A1 - 喙轮压旋动力机及其动力系统 - Google Patents

喙轮压旋动力机及其动力系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020001363A1
WO2020001363A1 PCT/CN2019/092092 CN2019092092W WO2020001363A1 WO 2020001363 A1 WO2020001363 A1 WO 2020001363A1 CN 2019092092 W CN2019092092 W CN 2019092092W WO 2020001363 A1 WO2020001363 A1 WO 2020001363A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
beak
fluid
wheel
casing
curved surface
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PCT/CN2019/092092
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
廖紫成
廖程飞
Original Assignee
廖紫成
廖程飞
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Publication date
Application filed by 廖紫成, 廖程飞 filed Critical 廖紫成
Publication of WO2020001363A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020001363A1/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D1/00—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines
    • F01D1/02—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines with stationary working-fluid guiding means and bladed or like rotor, e.g. multi-bladed impulse steam turbines
    • F01D1/04—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines with stationary working-fluid guiding means and bladed or like rotor, e.g. multi-bladed impulse steam turbines traversed by the working-fluid substantially axially
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
    • F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K27/00—Plants for converting heat or fluid energy into mechanical energy, not otherwise provided for

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fluid that is accelerated to impact a beak wheel with various curved beak teeth to make it rotate efficiently so as to achieve efficient energy conversion.
  • it relates to a method that converts heat energy (steam, industrial gas or liquid, etc.) Enthalpy difference), solar energy (referring to the enthalpy difference of air or water), chemical energy of fossil fuels, pressure potential energy of fluids and gravitational potential energy and other forms of energy into mechanical kinetic energy or electrical machinery and its systems.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a pressurized fluid (gas, liquid or other form) with its enthalpy difference as the main power source to drive the beak wheel to rotate to realize the conversion of energy in the form of potential energy or kinetic energy into mechanical energy. Or electric beak-wheel press spinning power machine and its power system.
  • a beak-wheel press rotary power machine comprising a casing, the casing is provided with a transmission channel for placing a transmission shaft, and the transmission shaft can be wound around the transmission channel in the transmission channel.
  • a fluid-guided distribution ring corresponding to the beak wheel is provided therein.
  • the fluid-guided distribution ring is provided with a fluid nozzle for accelerating the flow velocity of the fluid, and the fluid ejected by the fluid nozzle can drive the beak wheel to rotate.
  • the fluid is accelerated to impact the beak wheel tangentially to generate a torque relative to the center of rotation, thereby achieving the purpose of energy conversion.
  • the above beak-wheel press spinning machine should have other conventional components, such as a left bearing cap and a right bearing cap mounted on the front and rear ends of the transmission channel.
  • the left bearing cap is installed on the casing by the left bearing cap fastening bolt, and the right bearing.
  • the cover is mounted on the housing by the right bearing cap fastening bolt.
  • a left bearing and a right bearing are installed in the transmission channel, and are sleeved on the transmission shaft, so that the transmission shaft can rotate along its own axis.
  • the right side of the right bearing is a right bearing cover.
  • a mechanical seal is installed on the inner wall of the transmission channel where the left side is located.
  • a mechanical seal is also installed on the inner wall of the transmission channel where the left and right sides of the left bearing are located.
  • a transmission axis located on the left side extends outwardly to the outside of the casing, and a connection key is provided on a head portion thereof; a transmission key is provided in a middle portion of the transmission shaft in the transmission
  • each beak wheel has an independent fluid storage and distribution chamber, and two adjacent fluid storage and distribution chambers communicate through a fluid flow chamber; the fluid inlet is in communication with one of the fluid storage and distribution chambers.
  • a fluid storage and distribution cavity places a beak wheel, which facilitates the installation and driving of the beak wheel and facilitates the transmission of power.
  • the casing is further provided with an exhaust cavity communicating with the transmission channel, and a gas outlet communicating with the exhaust cavity is provided on an outer surface of the casing.
  • the air flow generated after the fluid enters is discharged axially and then enters the exhaust chamber to be discharged to the outside, which helps to keep the pressure inside the casing stable.
  • the fluid nozzles are distributed on the fluid guide distribution ring with the circle center of the fluid guide distribution ring as a center point; an opening of each fluid nozzle located outside the fluid guide distribution ring is larger than an opening located inside the fluid guide distribution ring.
  • the shape of the beak teeth on the beak wheel is a bird's beak structure.
  • the side of the beak teeth facing the wind is a forward curved surface
  • the side of the leeward is a reverse curved surface.
  • the time required for the beak wheel to rotate one beak tooth is greater than or equal to the time from when the fluid touches the forward curved surface to moving to the root of the reverse curved surface, or the time for the fluid to flow out of the beak wheel is less than or equal to the fluid from touch Time from forward surface to motion to the root of the reverse surface.
  • the included angle between the longitudinal direction of the beak teeth of the beak wheel and the transmission shaft is ⁇ , where 90 °> ⁇ ⁇ 0.
  • the installation orientation of the beak-wheel press spinning machine can be horizontal, vertical, or inclined, which is determined according to actual conditions and is not particularly limited.
  • the invention can be provided with pressure and temperature gauges or sensors, level gauges or / and sensors, flow meters or / and sensors, and corresponding control programs at the required locations.
  • the invention can be provided with a bearing cooling (or heating) and lubrication system.
  • the utility model discloses a beak-wheel pressing and rotating power system, which uses the opening degree of an inlet valve of the beak-wheel to control the total power of the whole machine. After the fluid is accelerated, it impacts the beak teeth from the direction close to the tangent of the impeller, and generates a torque relative to the rotation center, thereby achieving the purpose of energy conversion, transmission, or transfer.
  • the realization process of the present invention is as follows: the fluid passes through the fluid storage and distribution cavity and the fluid guide distribution ring to form a high-speed fluid.
  • a beak-tooth curved surface (referred to as “reverse curved surface”, hereinafter the same) with a reversed beak wheel rotation direction produces a relatively negative
  • the high-speed fluid flows through the reverse surface and directly rushes to the beak-tooth curved surface (referred to as "forward surface”, the same applies hereinafter) which is consistent with the direction of the beak wheel rotation, generates an impact force on it, and transmits the fluid kinetic energy to the positive surface.
  • the fluid will move axially to the rear (exhaust port direction), which will cause a time difference between the fluid flow speed and the beak wheel rotation speed, and then make the positive
  • the pressure difference between the curved surfaces in the opposite and opposite directions creates a pressure difference between the two working surfaces of the beak teeth of the beak wheel, which results in a torque difference with respect to the center of rotation, and the torque difference drives the beak wheel to rotate.
  • the fluid is a condensable vapor (Such as water vapor, organic vapor, liquid nitrogen, liquid oxygen, etc.), more than 90% of the steam can be condensed into a liquid; if it is a non-condensable gas (such as compressed air, diesel, kerosene or gasoline and other combustion gases, industrially generated Some non-condensable exhaust gases with a certain enthalpy difference) or liquids (such as cooling and separation of gasoline, kerosene, diesel, etc.
  • condensable vapor (Such as water vapor, organic vapor, liquid nitrogen, liquid oxygen, etc.)
  • non-condensable gas such as compressed air, diesel, kerosene or gasoline and other combustion gases, industrially generated Some non-condensable exhaust gases with a certain enthalpy difference) or liquids (such as cooling and separation of gasoline, kerosene, diesel, etc.
  • cooling of liquid materials in the chemical industry, etc. can reduce the temperature and pressure to a preset Temperature and / or pressure, as long as the temperature and / or pressure is higher than the temperature and / or pressure of the triple point of the fluid.
  • the present invention requires a dedicated control system.
  • the control principle is to use the opening of the fluid inlet valve of the beak-wheel machine to control the total power of the whole machine, and the maximum power of the motor or other working machinery is matched with it.
  • the fluctuations of temperature, pressure, and flow of the fluid and the environment in the process are controlled from the feedback of the exhaust pressure, temperature, and flow of the beak turbine.
  • the amount of liquefaction and important parameters such as the outlet temperature and pressure (avoid outlet temperature and pressure ⁇ temperature and pressure of the working medium three-phase point) are all adopted multiple feedback control measures to avoid damage to the machine or shutdown without cause.
  • the basic logic of its control is: take the exhaust pressure and exhaust temperature as the main reference, when the exhaust pressure rises, it means that the intake pressure or flow rate is decreasing, and when the exhaust pressure is lower, it means that the intake pressure or flow rate is Increase; when the exhaust temperature rises, it indicates that the intake air temperature or flow rate is decreasing, and when the exhaust temperature decreases, it indicates that the intake air temperature or flow rate is increasing.
  • the control of other valves, motors and other components are based on this reference.
  • control points of the control system of the present invention are both set to “manual” and “automatic” states.
  • the startup (power-on) program is also set to “manual” and “automatic” states.
  • control program of the present invention will run in a unified mode and set a reference value on a platform basis.
  • the minimum energy conversion efficiency of the invention can reach more than 70% (calculated based on the enthalpy difference), among which the gas can reach about 70%, the organic vapor can reach about 75%, and the water vapor can reach about 80%.
  • High conversion efficiency For condensable fluids, such as water vapor, organic vapor, liquid nitrogen or liquid oxygen, the gross conversion rate can reach more than 85%. Excluding various losses and self-consumption parts, the output part can reach more than 75%. ; For non-condensable fluids, such as compressed air, gas, fuel gas, etc., the gross conversion rate can reach more than 80%, excluding various losses and self-consumption parts, the output part can reach more than 70%. Therefore, the thermal efficiency of the present invention will be 2-7 times more than that of current power machines using high-energy gas as a power source.
  • the single output power of the present invention can be selected from 1KW to 1500MW, and its thermal efficiency can reach more than 70%. Unlike the steam turbine, when the output power is below 5MW, its thermal efficiency will drop sharply, the lowest Dropped to less than 10%.
  • the power adjustment range of the fixed single power system of the present invention can be adjusted between 15% and 100%, and the corresponding heat source fluctuation can also be adjusted between 75% and 100%. As a result of the current shutdown, its thermal efficiency will still reach more than 20%, unlike the steam turbine, when the output power is less than 50% or the heat source is less than 90%, it will automatically shut down.
  • the present invention is applicable to all heat sources for cleaning liquids and / or gases, including water vapor and its mixture with water, organic vapor and its liquid with its liquid, compressed air, Various clean high-pressure liquids and various fuel gases, etc.
  • the present invention can run normally, not like the steam turbine, only suitable for superheated steam, and will automatically stop or damage the machine when the steam dryness is lower than 95%.
  • the trouble-free life of the present invention is mainly determined by the life of moving parts such as bearings and / or mechanical seals, and The life of the components of the control system.
  • Energy saving and environmental protection First, because of high conversion efficiency and high energy utilization rate, even the use of fossil energy can reduce the "emission reduction” (such as the reduction of energy consumption per unit of GDP, carbon dioxide, sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, dust, etc. More than 50%; second, in particular, solar energy stored in the air or water can be used (any region in the world can be used in polar regions, and the energy delivered by the sun to the earth is more than 500 times the global energy consumption. Energy will also be scattered to the universe if not used), on the one hand, it can completely get rid of human dependence on fossil energy, on the other hand, it can reduce or limit the overall temperature rise of the air, reduce or / and delay the greenhouse effect, and eliminate the destruction of the ozone layer.
  • emission reduction such as the reduction of energy consumption per unit of GDP, carbon dioxide, sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, dust, etc. More than 50%
  • solar energy stored in the air or water can be used (any region in the world can be used in polar regions, and the energy delivered by the sun to the earth
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic axial sectional view of a beak-wheel press rotary power machine according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic left-side view of a beak-wheel pressure rotary power machine according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a first schematic structural diagram of a double-arc beak wheel in the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a second structure of a single arc oblique beak wheel in the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a third structural diagram of a single-arc beak wheel in the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a fourth structure of the semicircular arc oblique beak wheel in the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a fifth structure of the semicircular arc oblique rounded beak wheel in the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a fluid guide distribution ring in the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a beak turbine organic shell and tube power station.
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of the flow of a beak turbine organic coil power plant.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a flow of a beak turbine water vapor power station.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a beak turbine gas power station.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a beak turbine gas aero engine.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of a flow of a beak-turbine gas automobile engine.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of a flow of a beak turbine organic coil vehicle engine.
  • a beak-wheel pressing and rotating power machine includes a casing 5, and a transmission channel that is electrically conductive is provided inside the casing 5, and left bearings are installed at both ends of the transmission channel.
  • a cover 12 and a right bearing cover 1 wherein the left bearing cover 12 is installed on the casing 5 through a left bearing cover fastening bolt 11, and the right bearing cover 1 is installed on the casing 5 through a right bearing cover fastening bolt 2.
  • a transmission shaft 4 is installed in the transmission channel, and a left bearing 10 and a right bearing 3 are installed in the transmission channel. The left bearing 10 and the right bearing 3 are sleeved on the transmission shaft 4 so that the transmission shaft 4 can follow its own axis. Heart line turns.
  • the right side of the right bearing 3 is the right bearing cover 1, and a mechanical seal 9 is installed on the inner wall of the transmission channel where the left side is; the inner wall of the transmission channel where the left and right sides of the left bearing 10 are also installed. Seal 9.
  • the transmission shaft 4 on the left side extends outward to the outside of the casing 5 and is provided with a connection key 13 on its head; a transmission key 7 is provided in the middle of the transmission shaft 4 in the transmission channel.
  • the casing 5 is provided with a fluid guide distribution ring 14, a fluid inlet 15, a liquid outlet 8 and a gas outlet 18, a fluid flow chamber 16, and a fluid storage and distribution chamber 17.
  • the fluid enters the fluid storage and distribution chamber 17 from the fluid inlet 15 and enters the fluid guide distribution ring 14 (see FIG. 8). After accelerating, the fluid rushes tangentially to the beak teeth of the beak wheel 6 (the fluid guide distribution ring 14 is provided with a plurality of outer widths and inner widths).
  • the narrow fluid nozzle 14-1 can speed up the flow rate), and its flow direction is: entering from the beak wheel 6 circumferentially and discharging axially.
  • the number of the fluid storage and distribution chambers 17 is two.
  • Each fluid storage and distribution chamber 17 has a fluid guide distribution ring 14 disposed therein, and each fluid guide distribution ring 14 corresponds to a beak wheel 6.
  • the two fluid storage and distribution chambers 17 are connected by a fluid flow chamber 16.
  • the fluid flows at a certain angle from the surface of the beak-tooth curved surface F (referred to as “reverse surface”, hereinafter the same) at a certain angle, and generates a relative negative pressure on the surface of the reverse curved surface. ;
  • reverse surface the surface of the beak-tooth curved surface F
  • forward surface the same below
  • the beak tooth curved surface F and the beak tooth curved surface Z are both sides of the beak tooth.
  • the two working surfaces of the beak teeth of the beak wheel 6 will generate a torque difference with respect to the center of rotation, and thus the torque difference will push the beak wheel 6 to rotate.
  • the fluid After the fluid flows out of the beak wheel 6, the fluid is introduced from the upper stage to the next stage through the fluid flow chamber 16 and the fluid storage and distribution chamber 17, and finally enters the exhaust chamber 19.
  • the remaining gas is discharged from the gas outlet 18 at the upper part of the beak turbine, and the liquid is discharged from the beak
  • the liquid outlet 8 at the lower part of the turbine is discharged, and a work flow is completed.
  • the beak teeth 61 of the first double-arc beak wheel are the difference between the tip radius R1 and the base circle radius R2, the angle ⁇ between any two radii, and one of the two radii.
  • the circular arc r determined by the vertical line segment of a circular arc and a radius L tangent to the circular arc r determined by a beak-shaped wheel structure, where R2 is smaller than R1 and ⁇ is smaller than the angle between two adjacent teeth.
  • the center of the arc r is located on the circumference of the base circle inside the notch.
  • the beak teeth 61 of the second single-arc oblique beak wheel are the difference between the radius of the tooth tip circle R1 and the radius of the base circle R2, the angle ⁇ between any two of the radii, and the difference between the two radii.
  • the arc r determined by a vertical line segment of one, and the upper half of the arc r is set as a beak-shaped wheel structure determined by the straight line segment L, where R2 is smaller than R1 and ⁇ is smaller than two adjacent teeth.
  • the angle between the lines, the line segment L can be rotated at any point on the line segment as the center of the circle, and the center of the circle r is located on the circumference of the base circle inside the notch.
  • the beak teeth 61 of the third single-arc beak wheel are determined by the outer base circle R1, the tooth top circle R2, the tooth root circle R3, and any line segment L between the tooth top circle and the tooth root circle.
  • a beak-shaped wheel structure composed of a circular arc r, where R1 is greater than or equal to the inner radius of the beak-wheel press spinning machine housing, R2 is determined by the total energy carried by the fluid, R3 is less than R2, and the line segment L can Rotate any angle with any point on the line segment as the center of the circle, and the center of the arc r is located on the outer base circle on the outside of the notch.
  • the beak teeth 61 of the fourth type of single semi-circular oblique bevel wheel are determined by the difference between the radius of the tooth top circle R1 and the radius of the base circle R2, and the angle ⁇ between any two of the radii.
  • An arc r and a radius L determined by a radius L between two focal points that intersect the arc r.
  • Rotate any angle for the center of the circle, ⁇ is equal to the angle between two adjacent teeth, and the center of the circle r is located on the circumference of the base circle inside the notch.
  • the beak teeth of the fifth single semi-circular oblique round beak wheel are determined by the difference between the radius of the tooth top circle R1 and the base circle radius R2, and the angle ⁇ between any two of the radii.
  • An arc of a bird's beak-shaped structure determined by a radius L between the two focal points that intersect the arc r1 and a radius L of the two arcs that intersect with the arc r1, where R2 is less than R1, r2 is less than or equal to r1, the line segment L can be rotated at any point on the line segment as the center of the circle by any angle, ⁇ is equal to the angle between two adjacent teeth, and the center of the arc r1 is located on the base circle inside the notch.
  • the reverse curved surface of the beak tooth notch of the beak wheel 6 has a certain angle with the direction of fluid movement, but the included angle is not particularly limited.
  • the optimal state of the length of the beak teeth of the involved beak wheel 6 is parallel to the transmission shaft 4. If there are special requirements or special ideas, there may be a certain space angle with the transmission shaft 4, and the angle is not particularly limited.
  • the forward curved surface Z of the beak tooth has a certain retarding effect on the flow time of the fluid.
  • the time required for the beak wheel 6 to rotate a beak tooth is greater than or equal to the time from when the fluid touches the forward curved surface Z to the root of the reverse curved surface F. Or, the time that the fluid flows out of the beak wheel 6 is less than or equal to the time from when the fluid touches the forward curved surface Z to the time it moves to the root of the backward curved surface F, and the rest is not particularly limited.
  • the fluid guide distribution ring 14 is based on a ring formed by an outer circle D2 and an inner circle D1, and some gaps are machined on the gap J and the angle ⁇ .
  • the effects of accelerating the fluid, D1, D2, J and ⁇ , and the number of notches are all determined according to the structure, size of the beak wheel 6 and the properties of the fluid, flow rate, pressure, temperature and flow rate, etc., and others are not particularly limited.
  • the installation orientation of the beak-wheel press spinning machine may be horizontal, vertical or inclined, and the specific form is determined according to actual conditions and is not particularly limited.
  • the invention can be provided with pressure and temperature gauges or sensors, level gauges or sensors, flow meters or sensors, and corresponding control programs.
  • the invention can be provided with a bearing cooling (or heating) and lubrication system.
  • mechanical seal structures or other forms of seal structures can be provided on both sides or one side of the bearing.
  • the structural forms of the housing, the beak teeth of the beak wheel, and the fluid guide distribution ring are not limited to those described above, as long as the fluid is accelerated to tangentially impact the impeller to generate a torque relative to the center of rotation, thereby achieving energy conversion.
  • the intended structures are all within the scope of the present invention.
  • FIG 9 a schematic diagram of the flow structure of a beak turbine organic shell and tube power plant
  • the device S1 evaporates, it enters the beak turbine S4 through the intake air flow meter S2 and the inlet valve S3, which causes the beak turbine S4 to rotate and drives the motor S5 to generate electricity. More than 90% of the steam is converted into liquid after doing work inside the "beak turbine S4".
  • the working conditions shown in FIG. 9 to FIG. 15 are general working conditions, and the present invention is not limited to these seven working conditions, as long as the beak-wheel pressing power machine of the present invention (that is, the “beak-wheel machine” in FIGS. 9 to 15) is used. ) And all power systems implemented fall within the scope of the present invention.
  • the working medium formula is as follows (not limited):
  • refrigerants such as R116, R125, R134a, R245fa, and R14 have an ozone layer destruction index of 0, they all have a stronger greenhouse effect than carbon dioxide. Therefore, the used liquid (vapor), residual liquid (vapor), etc. need to be recycled, or It should be recycled and cleaned before being used, or decomposed and harmlessly treated, and should not be discharged randomly.
  • the invention claims the principle of who sells, who recycles, and who disposes.
  • the present invention requires a dedicated control system. Its control principle is to control the total power of the whole machine by using the opening degree of the inlet valve of the beak turbine, and the maximum power of the motor or other active machinery is matched with it.
  • the working medium and the ambient temperature in the process Fluctuations in pressure, pressure, and flow are controlled from the feedback of the beak turbine's exhaust pressure, temperature, and flow. For the inlet flow, pressure, temperature, liquefaction during the process, and the outlet temperature and pressure that affect the normal operation of the beak turbine, Avoid important parameters such as outlet temperature and pressure ⁇ temperature and pressure at the three-phase point of the working medium), and multiple feedback control measures are used to avoid damage to the machine and shutdown without cause.
  • the present invention takes the exhaust pressure and exhaust temperature as the main reference.
  • the exhaust pressure rises it means that the intake pressure or flow rate is decreasing, and when the exhaust pressure decreases, it means that the intake pressure or flow rate is increasing.
  • the air temperature rises it indicates that the intake air temperature or flow rate is decreasing, and when the exhaust temperature decreases, it indicates that the intake air temperature or flow rate is increasing.
  • the control of components such as valves and motors used in the present invention is controlled with reference to exhaust pressure and exhaust temperature.
  • the control points of the control system are set to “manual” and “automatic” states.
  • the startup (power-on) program is also set to “manual” and “automatic” states. In order to adapt to various working mediums, its control program will run in a unified mode and set reference values on a per-unit basis.
  • beak-wheel compressor in addition to the shell, beak-wheel and fluid-guided distribution ring, and other control equipment (such as motors, pumps, compressors, compressors, valves, etc.) , Parts (such as shafts, bearings, mechanical seals, tachometers or sensors, temperature and pressure gauges or sensors, flow meters and level gauges or sensors, electrical accessories other than the main control board or chip, etc.) and materials (such as Materials such as shafts, bearings, pipes, etc.) are not within the scope of the present invention, that is, as long as the principles and structures of the housing, beak wheel, and fluid guide distribution ring of the present invention are used, and Or / and the whole machine control program and its main control board or chip principle power machinery all belong to the scope of the present invention.
  • control equipment such as motors, pumps, compressors, compressors, valves, etc.
  • Parts such as shafts, bearings, mechanical seals, tachometers or sensors, temperature and pressure gauges or sensors, flow meters and level gauges

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Abstract

一种喙轮压旋动力机，包括机壳（5），机壳内设有转子（4），转子上固定设置有至少一个具有喙齿（61）的喙轮（6），位于喙轮（6）外侧的机壳（5）上设置有与流体进口（15）相连通的流体储存分配腔（17），在流体储存分配腔（17）内设置有与喙轮（6）相对应的流体导向分配环（14），流体导向分配环（14）上设置有加速流体的流体喷嘴（14-1），流体喷嘴（14-1）喷出的流体驱动喙轮（6）转动。一种动力系统也被公开。

Description

喙轮压旋动力机及其动力系统 技术领域
本发明涉及一种流体被加速后，去冲击带有各种曲线的喙齿的喙轮，使其高效旋转，从而实现高效的能量转化，尤其涉及一种将热能(蒸气、工业气体或液体等的焓差)、太阳能(指空气或水的焓差)、化石燃料的化学能、流体的压力势能和重力势能等形式的能量转换为机械动能或电能的机器及其系统。
背景技术
汽轮机、涡轮风扇发动机、螺杆膨胀机、涡轮膨胀机、活塞式柴油机、活塞式汽油机等是目前人类在能源领域所使用的能量转化的动力设备，但所有这些机器的能量转换效率都不够理想，例如，蒸汽轮机的能量转换效率最高为35％左右(指发电的输出部分按内能差计算，下同)，涡轮膨胀机小于20％，螺杆膨胀机更低只有10％左右，即便是燃气轮机其转换效率也低于40％，60％以上的能源都被浪费了，最明显的例子是热电系统的冷却塔，它是消耗蒸汽汽化潜热的装置，60％以上的能量就是从这里被浪费的。只有水轮机的转换效率达到90％(按内能差计算)以上，然而水轮机的原理又无法用于气体能源的能量转化。所以，提高能源转换效率尤其是高能气体的能量转换效率是能源领域追求的目标，也是本发明要达到的目标。
发明内容
为克服上述缺点，本发明的目的在于提供一种由带压流体(气体、液体或其它形式)以其焓差为主要动力源推动喙轮旋转，以实现势能或动能等形式的能量转换为机械能或电能的喙轮压旋动力机及其动力系统。
为了达到以上目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：一种喙轮压旋动力机，包括机壳，所述机壳内设有放置传动轴的传动通道，所述传动轴在传动通道内能 绕其自身周向旋转；所述传动轴上固定设置有至少一个具有喙齿的喙轮，位于喙轮外侧所在的机壳上设置有与流体进口相连通的流体储存分配腔，并在流体储存分配腔内设置有与喙轮相对应的流体导向分配环，所述流体导向分配环上设置有加速流体流速的流体喷嘴，且该流体喷嘴喷出的流体能驱动喙轮转动。利用流体被加速后切向冲击喙轮而产生相对于旋转中心的力矩，从而达到能量转换的目。
上述喙轮压旋动力机应具有其它常规部件，如安装在传动通道的首尾两端安装有左轴承盖和右轴承盖，其中左轴承盖通过左轴承盖紧固螺栓安装在机壳上，右轴承盖通过右轴承盖紧固螺栓安装在机壳上。在传动通道内安装有左轴承、右轴承，并套接在传动轴上，使得传动轴能够沿其自身的轴心线转动。右轴承的右侧为右轴承盖，其左侧所在的传动通道内壁上安装有机械密封；左轴承的左右两侧所在的传动通道内壁上同样安装有机械密封。位于左侧的传动轴向外延伸至机壳外部，并在其头部设有连接键；位于传动通道内的所述传动轴中部设有传动键。
进一步来说，每个喙轮具有一个独立的流体储存分配腔，相邻两个流体储存分配腔之间通过流体流动腔相连通；所述流体进口与其中一个流体储存分配腔相连通。一个流体储存分配腔放置一个喙轮，便于喙轮的安装和驱动，便于动力的传动。
进一步来说，所述机壳上还设置有与传动通道相连通的排气腔，并在机壳的外侧面上设有与排气腔相连通的气体出口。流体进入后产生的气流轴向排出后进入排气腔，排放至外部，有助于保持机壳内压力稳定。
进一步来说，所述流体喷嘴以流体导向分配环的圆心为中心点圆周阵列分布在流体导向分配环上；每个流体喷嘴位于流体导向分配环外侧的开口大于位 于流体导向分配环内侧的开口。
进一步来说，所述喙轮上的喙齿形状为鸟喙结构，喙轮转动时，喙齿迎风的侧面为正向曲面，背风的侧面为反向曲面。
进一步来说，所述喙轮旋转一个喙齿所需时间大于或等于流体从触碰到正向曲面至运动到反向曲面根部的时间，或流体流出喙轮的时间小于或等于流体从触碰到正向曲面至运动到反向曲面根部的时间。
所述喙轮的喙齿的长度方向与传动轴之间的夹角为θ，其中90°＞θ≥0。最佳角度为θ＝0，即喙齿的长度方向与传动轴平行。
所述喙轮压旋动力机的安装方位可以是卧式、立式或倾斜式，具体根据实际条件决定，不受特别限制。
为了便于实时控制，该发明可在需要的部位设置压力和温度表或/和传感器、液位计或/和传感器、流量计或/和传感器以及相应的控制程序等。
为延长轴承的使用寿命，该发明可以设置轴承冷却(或加热)、润滑系统。
一种喙轮压旋动力系统，利用喙轮机的进口阀的开度控制整机总功率，其所述的喙轮机采用上述喙轮压旋动力机。利用流体被加速后从近似叶轮的切线的方向冲击喙齿、产生相对于旋转中心的力矩，进而达到能量转换、传递或转移等的目。
本发明的实现过程为：流体通过流体储存分配腔和流体导向分配环后形成高速流体，其一，在喙轮转动方向相反的喙齿曲面(简称“反向曲面”，下同)产生相对负压；其二，高速流体流过反向曲面后直接冲向与喙轮转动方向一致的喙齿曲面(简称“正向曲面”，下同)，对其产生冲击力并将流体动能传递给正向曲面；其三，高速流体冲向正向曲面后将沿正向曲面弧线向喙齿的反向曲面根部运动，在此过程中，由于流体的惯性将其剩余的动能进一步传递给喙轮， 同时由于喙轮的左侧被流体导向分配环或壳体封闭，所以流体将沿轴向向其后方(排气口方向)运动，使流体流动速度与喙轮旋转速度产生时间差，进而使正、反两个方向的曲面产生压差，这样喙轮的喙齿的两个工作曲面就会产生相对于旋转中心的力矩差，由此力矩差推动喙轮旋转；其四，当喙轮的转速达到我们需要的转速时(例如发电机需要的1500RPM)就会形成“飓风”效应，即旋转中心(主要是喙轮和传动轴)压力低、而旋转圆周(喙轮与壳体之间)的压力高，且形成强大的离心力和中心负压，将质量大的分子和凝结的液体分子甩向圆周，其一有利于液体从圆周导出，其二减小喙轮和传动轴的旋转阻力，其三由于强大的离心力作用，可以强制部分“紊乱运动”的分子或粒子作规则运动，减少相互碰撞、摩擦等内耗行为，降低熵的影响，从而最大程度地将流体的焓差转换成机械能进而转换成电能的目的。
只要本喙轮压旋动力机内部的流体存在势能或/和动能，就会产生上述力矩差值和“飓风”效应，直到流体完全失去可转换的焓差为止，如果流体是可凝性汽体(如水蒸气、有机质蒸汽、液氮、液氧等)，则可将90％以上蒸汽凝结成液体；如果是不可凝气体(如压缩空气，柴油、煤油或汽油等燃烧后的气体，工业上产生的一些不可凝且含有一定焓差的废气等)或液体(如炼油过程的汽油、煤油、柴油等冷却分离等，化工行业的液体物料冷却等)，则可将温度、压力降为预先设定的温度和/或压力，此温度和/或压力只要高于流体的三相点的温度和/或压力即可。
为配合本喙轮动力机的正常运转，本发明需要专用的控制系统，其控制原理是利用喙轮机的流体进口阀的开度控制整机总功率，电机或其它用功机械等的最大功率与之匹配，其过程中的流体和环境的温度、压力和流量等的波动，均从喙轮机的排气压力、温度和流量的反馈进行控制，对于影响喙轮机正常运 转的进口流量、压力、温度、过程中的液化量以及出口温度和压力(避免出口温度、压力≤工质三相点的温度、压力)等重要参数，均采用多重反馈控制措施，以避免损坏机器或无故停机的情况发生。其控制的基本逻辑是：以排气压力和排气温度为主要基准，当排气压力升高时说明进气压力或流量在减小，反之当排气压力降低时说明进气压力或流量在增大；当排气温度升高时说明进气温度或流量在减小，反之当排气温度降低时说明进气温度或流量在增大。其它阀、电机等部件的控制均以此为参考进行控制。
本发明的控制系统的控制点均设置“手动”和“自动”两种状态。启动(开机)程序也设置为“手动”和“自动”两种状态。
本发明为适应各种使用工质，其控制程序将按统一模式、按台设置基准值的方式运行。
本发明的最低能量转化效率可达到70％以上(按焓差计算)，其中燃气可达70％左右，有机质蒸汽可达75％左右，水蒸气可达80％左右。
本发明的有益效果在于：所述喙轮压旋动力机及其动力系统具有以下优点：
1、转换效率高：对于可凝流体，如水蒸气、有机质蒸汽、液氮或液氧等，其毛转换率可达85％以上，除去各种损失和自消耗部分，输出部分能达到75％以上；对于不可凝流体，如压缩空气、燃气燃油气体等，其毛转换率可达80％以上，除去各种损失和自消耗部分，输出部分能达到70％以上。所以本发明的热效率将是现行以高能气体为动力源的动力机的2～7倍以上。
2、适用范围广：本发明的单台输出功率可以从1KW至1500MW之间选择，其热效率均可以达到70％以上，不像汽轮机那样，当输出功率在5MW以下时其热效率会急剧下降，最低降到不足10％。
3、调节范围大：本发明的已定型的单台动力系统，其功率调节范围可以在 15％至100％之间调节，对应的热源波动也可在75％至100％之间调节，不会造成停机等现行，其热效率仍然会达到20％以上，不像汽轮机那样，当输出功率小于50％或热源小于90％时会自动停机。
4、对热源介质要求低：其一，本发明可适用所有清洁液体或/和气体的热源介质，包括水蒸气及其与水的混合体、有机质蒸汽及其与其液体的混合体、压缩空气、各种清洁的高压液体和各种燃气等，其二，对于可凝性介质，无论带液与否、或液体含量多少，也无论是过热汽体还是饱和汽体还是过冷汽体，本发明均可正常运行，不会像汽轮机那样，只适用于过热蒸汽，而且当蒸汽干度低于95％时会自动停机或损坏机器。
5、投资成本低：由于本发明的转换效率高，其一，已将工作介质或冷却为液体(可凝性流体)，或已将其的参数降到了需要的值，无需额外增加冷却、降压系统，所以无需投资冷却、减压设备，如发电厂的冷却塔及其供电系统等；其二，单位输出功率的成本将比现行动力机降低40％以上。
6、自耗能低：由于已将工作介质状态降为液体或需要的参数，所以无需额外增加因降温、降压而消耗能源，本发明除流体循环耗能、机械摩擦损耗、电磁损耗、表面散热和流体自身的熵损外没有别的损耗。
7、节约水资源：由于工作介质无需冷却，所以无需像发电厂的凉水塔那样的冷却设备，也就无需消耗冷却水。
8、结构简单：相对其它机械(如汽轮机叶片制作、螺杆机的加工和内燃机的气缸加工等)，结构简单，制造加工难度低，特别是喙轮及其喙齿没有固体间的相对摩擦，减少了许多附属结构，如冷却、润滑等。
9、寿命长：由于工作的喙齿没有固体间的相对摩擦，所以主要工作部件可以做到无故障运转，本发明的无故障寿命主要决定于轴承和/或机械密封等运动 部件的寿命，以及控制系统的元器件的寿命等。
10、维修方便：相对于其它动力机械(如汽轮机、燃气轮机、活塞式动力机等)，由于结构简单，而且结构相对复杂的部件无需维修，所以维修方便许多。
11、节能环保：其一，由于转换效率高，能源利用率高，即使使用矿物能源可以降低“减排量”(如单位GDP能耗，二氧化碳、硫氧化物、氮氧化物、粉尘等的减排等)50％以上；其二，特别是可以利用空气中或水中所储存的太阳能(全球范围任意地区包括极地均可使用，太阳输送到地球的能量相当于全球能耗的500倍以上，此能量如果不用也会散射到宇宙)，一方面可以彻底摆脱人类对矿物能源的依赖，另一方面降低或限制空气整体温度升高，降低或/和延缓温室效应，消除对臭氧层的破坏等。
附图说明
图1是本发明中喙轮压旋动力机的轴向剖视示意图。
图2是本发明中喙轮压旋动力机的左视结构示意图。
图3是本发明中双圆弧喙轮的第一种结构示意图。
图4是本发明中单圆弧斜线喙轮的第二种结构示意图。
图5是本发明中单圆弧喙轮的第三种结构示意图。
图6是本发明中半圆弧斜线喙轮的第四种结构示意图。
图7是本发明中半圆弧斜线圆角喙轮的第五种结构示意图。
图8是本发明中流体导向分配环结构示意图。
图9是喙轮机有机质管壳式发电站流程结构示意图。
图10是喙轮机有机质盘管式发电站流程结构示意图。
图11是喙轮机水蒸气发电站流程结构示意图。
图12是喙轮机燃气发电站流程结构示意图。
图13是喙轮机燃气航空发动机流程结构示意图。
图14是喙轮机燃气汽车发动机流程结构示意图。
图15是喙轮机有机质盘管式车用发动机流程结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的较佳实施例进行详细阐述，以使本发明的优点和特征能更易于被本领域技术人员理解，从而对本发明的保护范围做出更为清楚明确的界定。
实施例
参见附图1、图2所示的一种喙轮压旋动力机，包括机壳5，所述机壳5内设置有首尾导通的传动通道，并在传动通道的首尾两端安装有左轴承盖12和右轴承盖1，其中左轴承盖12通过左轴承盖紧固螺栓11安装在机壳5上，右轴承盖1通过右轴承盖紧固螺栓2安装在机壳5上。在传动通道内安装有传动轴4，并在传动通道内安装有左轴承10、右轴承3，左轴承10、右轴承3套接在传动轴4上，使得传动轴4能够沿其自身的轴心线转动。从图1中可知，右轴承3的右侧为右轴承盖1，其左侧所在的传动通道内壁上安装有机械密封9；左轴承10的左右两侧所在的传动通道内壁上同样安装有机械密封9。位于左侧的传动轴4向外延伸至机壳5外部，并在其头部设有连接键13；位于传动通道内的所述传动轴4中部设有传动键7。
所述机壳5上设有流体导向分配环14、流体进口15、液体出口8和气体出口18，流体流动腔16，流体储存分配腔17。流体从流体进口15进入流体储存分配腔17，进入流体导向分配环14(如图8)加速后切向高速冲向喙轮6的喙齿(流体导向分配环14上设置有若干个外宽内窄的流体喷口14-1，能够加快流速)，其流动方向为：从喙轮6圆周切向进入，轴向排出。在本实施例中，流体 储存分配腔17的数量为两个，每个流体储存分配腔17内均放置有一个流体导向分配环14，每个流体导向分配环14对应一个喙轮6。相连两个流体储存分配腔17之间用流体流动腔16连通。
结合图3～7所示，流体以一定角度从与喙轮6的转动方向相反的喙齿曲面F(简称“反向曲面”，下同)表面流过，在反向曲面表面产生相对负压；高速流体流过反向曲面后直接冲向与喙轮6的转动方向一致的喙齿曲面Z(简称“正向曲面”，下同)，对其产生冲击力并将流体动能传递给正向曲面。喙齿曲面F、喙齿曲面Z为喙齿的两侧面。高速流体冲向正向曲面后将沿正向曲面弧线向喙齿反向曲面根部运动，在此过程中，由于流体的惯性将其剩余的动能进一步传递给喙轮6，同时由于喙轮6的左侧被流体导向分配环14或壳体5封闭，所以流体将沿轴向后方(排气口方向)的运动，以增加流体在喙齿正向曲面上的运动距离，延长流体运动到喙齿反向曲面根部的时间，使正、反两个方向的曲面产生压差。这样喙轮6的喙齿的两个工作曲面就会产生相对于旋转中心的力矩差值，由此力矩差值推动喙轮6旋转。流体流出喙轮6后经流体流动腔16和流体储存分配腔17将流体从上一级导入下一级，最后进入排气腔19，余气从喙轮机上部的气体出口18排出，液体从喙轮机下部的液体出口8排出，即完成一个工作流程。
如图3所示，第一种双圆弧喙轮的喙齿61是以齿顶圆半径R1和基圆半径R2之差、两个任一半径的夹角α、与该两个半径之一的垂直线段所决定的圆弧r、以及与该圆弧r相切的一段半径L所决定的一个形如鸟喙的轮式结构，其中，R2小于R1，α小于两相邻齿间夹角，圆弧r的圆心位于缺口内侧的基圆圆周上。
如图4所示，第二种单圆弧斜线喙轮的喙齿61是以齿顶圆半径R1和基圆半径R2之差、两个任一半径夹角α、与该两个半径之一的垂直线段所决定的圆 弧r、并将圆弧r的上半段设为直线段L所决定的一个形如鸟喙的轮式结构，其中，R2小于R1，α小于两相邻齿间夹角，线段L可以以该线段上的任一点为圆心旋转任一角度，圆弧r的圆心位于缺口内侧的基圆圆周上。
如图5所示，第三种单圆弧喙轮的喙齿61是以外基圆R1、齿顶圆R2、齿根圆R3、齿顶圆与齿根圆之间的任一线段L所决定的圆弧r所组成的一个形如鸟喙的轮式结构，其中，R1大于或等于本喙轮压旋动力机壳体内半径，R2根据流体所载总能量决定，R3小于R2，线段L可以以该线段上的任一点为圆心旋转任一角度，圆弧r的圆心位于缺口外侧的外基圆圆周上。
如图6所示，第四种单半圆弧斜线喙轮的喙齿61是以齿顶园半径R1和基圆半径R2之差为半径、两个任一半径的夹角α所决定的圆弧r、以及与该圆弧r相交的两个焦点之间的一段半径L所决定的一个形如鸟喙的轮式结构，其中，R2小于R1，线段L可以以该线段上的任一点为圆心旋转任一角度，α等于两相邻齿间夹角，圆弧r的圆心位于缺口内侧的基圆圆周上。
如图7所示，第五种单半圆弧斜线圆角喙轮的喙齿是以齿顶园半径R1和基圆半径R2之差为半径、两个任一半径的夹角α所决定的圆弧r1、以及与该圆弧r1相交的两个焦点之间的一段半径L、再以r2为半径倒角后所决定的一个形如鸟喙的轮式结构，其中，R2小于R1，r2小于等于r1，线段L可以以该线段上的任一点为圆心旋转任一角度，α等于两相邻齿间夹角，圆弧r1的圆心位于缺口内侧的基圆圆周上。
本实施例中，所述喙轮6的喙齿缺口反向曲面与流体运动方向有一定夹角，但其夹角大小不受特别限制。所涉及的喙轮6的喙齿的长度方向最佳状态是平行于传动轴4，如有特殊要求或特别构思也可与传动轴4有一定的空间夹角，其角度不受特别限制。所述喙齿正向曲面Z对流体的流动时间有一定延缓作用， 喙轮6旋转一个喙齿所需时间大于或等于流体从触碰到正向曲面Z至运动到反向曲面F根部的时间，或流体流出喙轮6的时间小于或等于流体从触碰到正向曲面Z至运动到反向曲面F根部的时间即可，其余不受特别限制。
本实施例中所述喙齿的结构和尺寸除图3至图7中所述外，其它结构和尺寸如厚度B和b、直径D和d、键W以及材质等，均根据设计实际条件决定，不受特别限制。
如图8所示，流体导向分配环14，以外圆D2和内圆D1所构成的圆环为基础，在其上以间隙J和角度α加工一些缺口，除有导向、分配作用外，还有给流体加速的作用，D1、D2、J和α以及缺口数量等均根据喙轮6的结构、尺寸和流体的性质、流量、压力、温度和流速等确定，其它不受特别限制。
所述喙轮压旋动力机的安装方位可以是卧式、立式或倾斜式，具体形式根据实际条件决定，不受特别限制。为便于实时控制，该发明可设置压力和温度表或/和传感器、液位计或传感器、流量计或传感器以及相应的控制程序等。为延长轴承、机械密封等运动部件的使用寿命，该发明可以设置轴承冷却(或加热)、润滑系统。为满足流体介质的密封性，可在轴承两侧或一侧设置机械密封结构或其它形式的密封结构。
所述壳体、喙轮的喙齿和流体导向分配环等的结构形式不限于上述所述类型，只要是利用流体被加速后切向冲击叶轮而产生相对于旋转中心的力矩，从而达到能量转换的目的的结构均属于本发明范围。
如图9所示，为适应有机质管壳式蒸发器特点(适用于低温余热工况，海水、河水太阳能工况等)，喙轮机有机质管壳式发电站流程结构示意图，有机质被“满液蒸发器S1”蒸发后通过“进气流量计S2”和“进口阀S3”进入“喙轮机S4”，使“喙轮机S4”旋转并带动“电机S5”旋转发电。蒸汽在“喙轮机S4” 内部做功后90％以上被转化成了液体，通过“喙轮机S4”底部的“排液阀(1.2.3)S6”进入“储液罐S7”，再通过“预热器S8”加热后由“工质泵S9”加压后回到“满液蒸发器S1”,此处的“工质泵S9”与“预热器S8”的位置可以互换；约10％左右的余气通过“排气阀S10”进入“气液分离器S11”，液体通过“出液阀S12”进入“储液罐S7”，气体通过“排汽阀S13”和“排气流量计S14”以及“余气过热器S15”后由“余气压缩机S16”压缩后经“压缩流量计S17”后，与“满液蒸发器S1”出来的汽体混合后进入“喙轮机S4”，即完成一个循环，以此循环连续运行实现发电。
如图10所示，为适应有机质盘管式蒸发器特点(适用于空气太阳能工况)，喙轮机有机质盘管式发电站流程结构示意图，有机质被“盘管蒸发(1.2…36)A1”组蒸发后通过“进气流量计A2”和“进口阀A3”进入“喙轮机A4”，使“喙轮机A4”旋转并带动“电机A5”旋转、发电。蒸汽在“喙轮机A4”内部做功后90％以上被转化成了液体，通过“喙轮机A4”底部的“排液阀(1.2.3)A6”进入“储液罐A7”，由“工质泵A8”加压后回到“盘管蒸发A1”组；约10％左右的余气通过“排气阀A9”进入“气液分离器A10”，液体通过“出液阀A11”进入“储液罐A7”，气体通过“排气阀A12”和“排气流量计A13”以及“余气过热器A14”后由“余气压缩机A15”压缩后经“压缩流量计A16”后，与“盘管蒸发A1”组出来的汽体混合后进入“喙轮机A4”，即完成一个循环，以此循环连续运行实现发电。
如图11所示，为适应水蒸汽、锅炉特点(适用于热电、核电和高温余热工况等)，喙轮机水蒸气发电站流程结构示意图，水被“蒸气锅炉B1”蒸发后通过“储气罐B2”和“进气流量计B3”以及“进口阀B4”进入“喙轮机B5”，使“喙轮机B5”旋转并带动“电机B6”旋转、发电。水蒸汽在“喙轮机B5”内部做功 后90％以上被转化成了水，通过“喙轮机B5”底部的“排液阀(1.2.3)B7”进入“储水罐B8”，由“水泵B9”加压后经“省煤器B10”加热后回到“蒸汽锅炉B1”；约10％左右的余气通过“排气阀B11”进入“气液分离器B12”，水通过“出水阀B13”进入“储水罐B8”，余气通过“真空泵B14”提压后直接排空(此相当于传统汽轮机系统的除氧过程)，即完成一个循环，以此循环连续运行实现发电。
如图12所示，为适应燃气、燃烧室特点，喙轮机燃气发电站流程结构示意图，“压气机C1”将空气压缩后一部分进入“燃烧室C2”与“油泵C3”送来的油混合燃烧后进入“降温室C4”与“压气机C1”压缩后的另一部分空气混合降温后通过“进气流量计C5”以及“进口阀C6”进入“喙轮机C7”，使“喙轮机C7”旋转并带动“电机C8”旋转、发电。尾气通过“排空阀(左、右)C9”直接排空，即完成一个循环，以此循环连续运行实现发电。
如图13所示，为适应航空发动机特点，喙轮机燃气航空发动机流程结构示意图，“前压气机D1”将“空气进口D2”进来的部分空气压缩后一部分进入“燃烧室D3”与“燃油泵D4”送来的油混合燃烧后进入“降温室D5”(传动轴4、壳体5、喙轮6和传动键7等零件材料用310S耐热钢即可，无需用昂贵的单晶铼，下同)与“前压气机D1”压缩后的另一部分空气混合降温后进入“喙轮机D6”，使“喙轮机D6”旋转并带动“后压气机D7”旋转和“电机D8”进行发电，“后压气机D7”将“喙轮机D6”出来的低压气体和“空气进口D2”进来的另一部分空气混合后压缩成低温、高压、高密度的气流从飞机尾部喷出(消除飞机的红外特征)，即完成一个循环，以此循环连续运行为飞机提供动力。
如图14所示，为适应燃气、燃烧室汽车发动机特点，喙轮机燃气汽车发动机流程结构示意图，“压气机E1”将空气压缩后一部分进入“燃烧室E2”与“油 泵E3”送来的油混合燃烧后进入“降温室E4”与“压气机E1”压缩后的另一部分空气混合降温后通过“进气流量计E5”以及“进口阀E6”进入“喙轮机E7”，使“喙轮机E7”旋转并带动“汽车变速箱E8”旋转和“发电机E9”进行发电，尾气通过“排空阀(左、右)E10”直接排空，即完成一个循环，以此循环连续运行为汽车提供动力。
如图15所示，为适应有机质盘管式车用特点(适用于空气太阳能车用工况)，喙轮机有机质盘管式发蒸发器车用动力机程结构示意图，其中“蓄电池G1”由“自用发电机G2”充电，其作用是启动动力机系统和车辆自耗电。由于车速与空气的相对速度，有机质被“盘管蒸发(1.2…36)G3”组蒸发后通过“进气流量计G4”和“进口阀G5”进入“喙轮机G6”，使“喙轮机G6”旋转并带动“车用减速箱G7”旋转并带动“自用发电机G2”发电。蒸汽在“喙轮机G6”内部做功后90％以上被转化成了液体，通过“喙轮机G6”底部的“排液阀(1.2.3)G8”进入“储液罐G9”，由“工质泵G10”加压后回到“盘管蒸发(1.2…36)G3”组；约10％左右的余气通过“排气阀G11”进入“气液分离器G12”，其中液体通过“出液阀G13”进入“储液罐G9”，气体通过“排气阀G14”和“排气流量计G15”以及“余气过热器G16”后由“余气压缩机G17”压缩后经“压缩流量计G18”后，与“盘管蒸发(1.2…36)G3”组出来的汽体混合后进入“喙轮机G6”，即完成一个循环，以此循环连续运行实现为车辆提供动力和自发电。
如图9至图15所示的工况是一般工况，本发明不限于此七种工况，只要是利用本发明的喙轮压旋动力机(即图9-图15中的“喙轮机”)而实现的所有动力系统均属于本发明的范畴。
为满足太阳能发电或其它温度低于160℃的热源的热能转换，需要专用的工质予以配合，其工质配方如下表(不限于)：
序号 工质名称 工质代号 工质配方 蒸发温度 备注
1 特低温工质 R584A～J R728:R14＝0％～100％ -170～-80℃  
2 极低温工质 R564A～J R116:R14＝0％～100％ -80～-10℃  
3 低温工质 R565A～J R116:R125＝0％～100％ -30～+10℃  
4 中温工质 R554A～J R125a:R134a＝0％～100％ +10～+40℃  
5 高温工质 R545A～J R134a:R245fa＝0％～100％ +40～+110℃  
注：上表中工质的臭氧层破坏指数均为0，只是除R728外有一定的温室效应，但是因为是循环使用，所以排放量很小。
对于使用本发明的空气太阳能动力项目，当气温低于0℃时，其盘管蒸发器外侧会结冰，所以需设置除冰机构或设施，除此之外不受其它限制。
由于R116、R125、R134a、R245fa和R14等制冷剂虽然臭氧层破坏指数是0，但都有较二氧化碳强的温室效应，所以使用后的废液(汽)、余液(汽)等需要回收，或回收清洁处理后再使用，或进行分解、无害处理，不应随意排放。本发明主张谁卖出、谁回收、谁处理的原则。
本发明需要专用的控制系统，其控制原理是利用喙轮机的进口阀的开度控制整机总功率，电机或其它用功机械等的最大功率与之匹配，其过程中的工质和环境的温度、压力和流量等的波动，均从喙轮机的排气压力、温度和流量的反馈进行控制，对于影响喙轮机正常运转的进口流量、压力、温度、过程中的液化量以及出口温度和压力(避免出口温度和压力≤工质三相点的温度和压力)等重要参数，均采用多重反馈控制措施，以避免损坏机器、无故停机等情况的发生。
本发明以排气压力和排气温度为主要基准，当排气压力升高时说明进气压力或流量在减小，反之当排气压力降低时说明进气压力或流量在增大；当排气温度升高时说明进气温度或流量在减小，反之当排气温度降低时说明进气温度或流量在增大。
本发明中所用的阀、电机等部件的控制均以排气压力和排气温度为参考进行控制。控制系统的控制点均设置“手动”和“自动”两种状态。启动(开机)程序也设置为“手动”和“自动”两种状态。为适应各种使用工质，其控制程 序将按统一模式、按台设置基准值的方式运行。
除所述喙轮压旋机的除壳体、喙轮和流体导向分配环的原理和结构以及整机控制程序之外的其它配套设备(如电机、泵、压缩机、压气机和阀等)、零部件(如轴、轴承、机械密封、转速表或传感器、温度和压力表或传感器、流量计和液位计或传感器、除主控制板或芯片外的其它电气配件等)和材料(如轴、支座、管道等的材料)等的原理、性能、质量和品牌等均不属于本发明的范围，即只要使用了本发明的壳体、喙轮和流体导向分配环的原理和结构以及或/和整机控制程序及其主控制板或芯片原理的动力机械均属于本发明的范畴。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种喙轮压旋动力机，包括机壳(5)，所述机壳(5)内设有放置传动轴(4)的传动通道，所述传动轴(4)在传动通道内能绕其自身周向旋转；其特征在于：所述传动轴(4)上固定设置有至少一个具有喙齿(61)的喙轮(6)，位于喙轮(6)外侧所在的机壳(5)上设置有与流体进口(15)相连通的流体储存分配腔(17)，并在流体储存分配腔(17)内设置有与喙轮(6)相对应的流体导向分配环(14)，所述流体导向分配环(14)上设置有加速流体流速的流体喷嘴(14-1)，且该流体喷嘴(14-1)喷出的流体能驱动喙轮(6)转动。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的喙轮压旋动力机，其特征在于：每个喙轮(6)具有一个独立的流体储存分配腔(17)，相邻两个流体储存分配腔(17)之间通过流体流动腔(16)相连通；所述流体进口(15)与其中一个流体储存分配腔(17)相连通。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的喙轮压旋动力机，其特征在于：所述机壳(5)上还设置有与传动通道相连通的排气腔(19)，并在机壳(5)的外侧面上设有与排气腔(19)相连通的气体出口(18)。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的喙轮压旋动力机，其特征在于：所述流体喷嘴(14-1)以流体导向分配环(14)的圆心为中心点圆周阵列分布在流体导向分配环(14)上；每个流体喷嘴(14-1)位于流体导向分配环(14)外侧的开口大于位于流体导向分配环(14)内侧的开口。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的喙轮压旋动力机，其特征在于：所述喙轮(6)上的喙齿(61)形状为鸟喙结构，喙轮(6)转动时，喙齿(61)迎风的侧面为正向曲面，背风的侧面为反向曲面。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的喙轮压旋动力机，其特征在于：所述喙轮(6)旋转一个喙齿所需时间大于或等于流体从触碰到正向曲面至运动到反向曲面根部 的时间，或流体流出喙轮(6)的时间小于或等于流体从触碰到正向曲面至运动到反向曲面根部的时间。
  7. 根据权利要求3所述的喙轮压旋动力机，其特征在于：所述喙轮(6)的喙齿(61)的长度方向与传动轴(4)之间的夹角为θ，其中90°＞θ≥0。
  8. 一种喙轮压旋动力系统，利用喙轮机的进口阀的开度控制整机总功率，其特征在于：所述喙轮机采用上述喙轮压旋动力机。
PCT/CN2019/092092 2018-06-25 2019-06-20 喙轮压旋动力机及其动力系统 WO2020001363A1 (zh)

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0303924A2 (de) * 1987-08-10 1989-02-22 Alcatel SEL Aktiengesellschaft Aus einer Metallblechscheibe hergestelltes Lüfterrad und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
CN101793166A (zh) * 2009-10-26 2010-08-04 黄云生 弧形锯轮蒸汽机
US20160052627A1 (en) * 2014-08-19 2016-02-25 The Boeing Company Noise Reducing Profile For Helicopter Rotor Blade Tracking Wedges
CN208456672U (zh) * 2018-06-25 2019-02-01 廖紫成 喙轮压旋动力机及其动力系统

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0303924A2 (de) * 1987-08-10 1989-02-22 Alcatel SEL Aktiengesellschaft Aus einer Metallblechscheibe hergestelltes Lüfterrad und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
CN101793166A (zh) * 2009-10-26 2010-08-04 黄云生 弧形锯轮蒸汽机
US20160052627A1 (en) * 2014-08-19 2016-02-25 The Boeing Company Noise Reducing Profile For Helicopter Rotor Blade Tracking Wedges
CN208456672U (zh) * 2018-06-25 2019-02-01 廖紫成 喙轮压旋动力机及其动力系统

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