WO2020000862A1 - 一种光伏关断器串联驱动电路 - Google Patents
一种光伏关断器串联驱动电路 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020000862A1 WO2020000862A1 PCT/CN2018/115017 CN2018115017W WO2020000862A1 WO 2020000862 A1 WO2020000862 A1 WO 2020000862A1 CN 2018115017 W CN2018115017 W CN 2018115017W WO 2020000862 A1 WO2020000862 A1 WO 2020000862A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/10—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
- H02H7/12—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
- H02H7/1213—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for DC-DC converters
Definitions
- the invention relates to a photovoltaic circuit, in particular to a series circuit for driving a photovoltaic shutdown device, and belongs to the technical field of power electronic converters.
- Quick shutdown is a concept of photovoltaic power plant safety protection introduced from the United States.
- the concept of fast shutdown is proposed for the protection of firefighters, photovoltaic power plant installation and maintenance personnel, because there is a DC high voltage on the DC side of the photovoltaic power plant, as long as there is sunlight, the DC high voltage on the panel side will always exist. In the fire, firefighters were unable to carry out fire fighting and rescue work until the entire power station was burned out.
- NEC 2017 stipulates: "The controller is installed outside the string within 0.3 meters from the array and more than 1 meter away from the access point. After fast shutdown, the system needs to be reduced to 30V within 30 seconds; in the group Within the string, it drops to 80V in 30 seconds, which is convenient for safety rescue measures. "
- the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a photovoltaic circuit breaker series driving circuit, which can ensure the safety of the system, low cost, high reliability, easy implementation, and meet the requirements of fast shutdown safety requirements of US regulations.
- a photovoltaic shutdown series driving circuit which includes a photovoltaic module VPV, an input capacitor C4 and a control unit; the input capacitor C4 is connected in parallel with the photovoltaic module VPV, and The positive pole of the photovoltaic module VPV is connected to the first output terminal 1-1, and the negative pole of the photovoltaic module VPV is connected to the second output terminal 1-2 through two switch tubes connected in series; the two switch tubes connected in series and The control unit is connected; one end of the output capacitor C5 is connected to a first output terminal, and the other end of the output capacitor C5 is connected to a second output terminal; two ends of the output capacitor C5 are connected in parallel with a freewheeling diode D1 and an output Resistor R1.
- the two switching tubes connected in series are a first switching tube Q1 and a second switching tube Q2, and the negative electrode of the photovoltaic module VPV and the drain of the first switching tube Q1 Connected, the source of the first switch Q1 and the drain of the second switch Q2 are connected together to form a MID driving terminal; the source of the second switch Q2 is connected to the second output terminal 1-2;
- the base of the first switch Q1 is connected to the control unit through a first drive circuit, and the base of the second switch Q2 is connected to the control unit through a second drive circuit.
- the first drive circuit includes a switch Q4, a switch Q3, and a switch Q5; the emitter of the switch Q4 is connected to the VCC voltage terminal, and the switch Q4 emits A resistor R2 is connected between the electrode and the base; the base of the switch Q4 is connected to the collector of the switch Q3 through a resistor R3; the emitter of the switch Q3 is grounded, and the base of the switch Q3 is connected through a resistor R4 is connected to the control unit; the collector of the switch Q4 is connected in series with the resistor R5 and connected to the anode of the diode D2; the cathode of the diode D2 is connected to the base of the first switch Q1 and the emission of the switch Q5 The electrodes of the switching tube Q5 are grounded, and the base of the switching tube Q5 is grounded through a resistor R6.
- the above-mentioned photovoltaic circuit breaker series drive circuit wherein the second drive circuit includes a switch Q6, a switch Q7, and a switch Q8; the emitter of the switch Q6 is connected in series with the diode D4 and connected to the VCC voltage terminal.
- a resistor R7 is connected between the emitter and the base of the switch Q6; the base of the switch Q6 is connected to the collector of the switch Q7 through a resistor R8; the emitter of the switch Q7 is connected to the driving end of the MID, so The base of the switch Q7 is connected to the cathode of the diode D5; the anode of the diode D5 is connected to the control unit through a resistor R11; the collector of the switch Q6 is connected to the anode of the diode D3 in series with a resistor R9
- the cathode of the diode D3 is connected to the base of the second switching tube Q2 and the emitter of the switching tube Q8; the collector of the switching tube Q8 is connected to the MID driving terminal, and the collector and base of the switching tube Q8
- a resistor R10 is connected between them.
- the photovoltaic circuit breaker series drive circuit provided by the present invention can effectively improve system reliability, avoid high-voltage output due to damage of a single switching tube, and avoid potential safety hazards , Good safety, high reliability, low cost and high efficiency.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a series drive circuit for a photovoltaic shutdown device according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a driving circuit of a first switch Q1 of a photovoltaic shutdown device according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a driving circuit of the second switch Q2 of the photovoltaic shutdown device in the embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the connection of a photovoltaic shutdown circuit in series with a control unit in an embodiment of the present invention.
- the photovoltaic circuit breaker series driving circuit in the embodiment of the present invention has good safety, low cost and good reliability.
- a photovoltaic circuit breaker driving circuit includes a photovoltaic module VPV, an input capacitor C4, and a control unit; the input capacitor C4 is connected in parallel with the photovoltaic module VPV, and the anode of the photovoltaic module VPV is connected to the first An output terminal 1-1 is connected, and the negative electrode of the photovoltaic module VPV is connected to the second output terminal 1-2 through two series-connected switch tubes; the two series-connected switch tubes are connected to the control unit; One end of the output capacitor C5 is connected to a first output terminal, and the other end of the output capacitor C5 is connected to a second output terminal; both ends of the output capacitor C5 are connected in parallel with a freewheeling diode D1 and an output resistor R1.
- the photovoltaic shut-off series drive circuit provided by the present invention uses two switch tubes connected in series to drive, which greatly improves the reliability and safety of the system. It will not be caused by a single tube failure when the shut-off device is turned off.
- the output has high voltage; when a fire occurs, the life safety of firefighters will not be affected by the high voltage of the system.
- the two switch tubes connected in series are a first switch tube Q1 and a second switch tube Q2, respectively.
- the negative electrode of the photovoltaic module VPV is connected to the drain of the first switch tube Q1, and the source of the first switch tube Q1 and the first switch tube Q1 are connected.
- the drains of the two switching tubes Q2 are connected together to form a MID driving end; the source of the second switching tube Q2 is connected to the second output terminal 1-2; the base of the first switching tube Q1 is controlled by the first driving circuit and the control.
- the units are connected, and the base of the second switching tube Q2 is connected to the control unit through a second driving circuit.
- the first driving circuit of the present invention includes a switch Q4, a switch Q3, and a switch Q5; the emitter of the switch Q4 is connected to the VCC voltage terminal, and the emitter of the switch Q4 and the base A resistor R2 is connected between them; the base of the switching tube Q4 is connected to the collector of the switching tube Q3 through the resistor R3; the emitter of the switching tube Q3 is grounded, and the base of the switching tube Q3 is connected to the and The control unit is connected; the collector of the switching tube Q4 is connected to the anode of the diode D2 after being connected in series with the resistor R5; the cathode of the diode D2 is connected to the base of the first switching tube Q1 and the emitter of the switching tube Q5; The collector of the switch Q5 is grounded, and the base of the switch Q5 is grounded through a resistor R6.
- the second driving circuit of the present invention is mainly constructed by discrete components such as a switching transistor Q6, a switching transistor Q7, and a switching transistor Q8. Only a few transistors, diodes, and resistors can be driven, and the structure is simple. There is no need to use a special suspended power driver chip, which has low cost and high efficiency.
- the first driving circuit is basically the same as the second driving circuit.
- the first driving circuit lacks the diodes D4 and D5.
- Q2, Q3, and Q4 are NPN transistors
- Q5 and Q6 are PNP transistors.
- the VCC voltage terminal is connected in series with the diode D4 and connected to the emitter of the switch Q6, and the resistor R7 is connected in parallel with the emitter and the base of the switch Q6; the base of the switch Q6 is connected to one end of the resistor R7 , The other end is connected to the collector of the switch Q7; the emitter of the switch Q7 is connected to the MID drive end, the base is connected to the cathode of the diode D5; the anode of the diode D5 is connected to one end of the resistor R11; the resistor The other end of R11 is connected to the control signal PA1; the collector string resistor R9 of the switching tube Q6 is connected to the anode of the diode D3; the cathode of the diode D3 is connected to the base of the switching tube Q2 and the emitter of the switching tube Q8; The collector of the switch Q8 is connected to the MID driving terminal, the emitter and the
- FIG. 4 The connection between the photovoltaic switch series driving circuit and the control unit of the present invention is shown in FIG. 4.
- the first switching tube Q1 or the second switching tube Q2 is short-circuited for various reasons, closing a switching tube can cut off the photovoltaic module and the bus. Connection, there is no output high voltage; when a fire occurs, the switch can not receive the signal, the control unit outputs PA0 and PA1 are low, the switches Q3 and Q7 are turned off, and the switches Q4 and Q6 have no base current. The electrode is turned off, and the emitter has no output.
- the switches Q5 and Q8 are turned on, and the first switch Q1 and the second The base of the switch Q2 is discharged, the first switch Q1 and the second switch Q2 are turned off, and the voltage between the first output terminal 1-1 and the second output terminal 1-2 is less than 1V.
- the photovoltaic circuit breaker series driving circuit provided by the invention has good safety and high reliability; and has low cost and high efficiency.
- the invention can effectively improve the reliability of the system, avoid high voltage output due to the damage of a single switching tube (Q1) or (Q2), and avoid causing hidden dangers to personal safety.
- the drain of the second switching transistor Q2 is not connected to the ground, but is connected to the source of the first switching transistor Q1. Therefore, the second switching transistor Q2 needs to be driven in suspension, and the driving circuit of the second switching transistor Q2 is only two more than the ordinary driving circuit. Diode, low cost and high reliability.
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种光伏关断器串联驱动电路，包括光伏组件VPV、输入电容C4和控制单元；所述输入电容C4与光伏组件VPV并联连接，所述光伏组件VPV的正极与第一输出端子1-1连接，所述光伏组件VPV的负极通过两个串联连接的开关管与第二输出端子1-2相连；所述两个串联连接的开关管和所述控制单元相连；所述输出电容C5的一端连接第一输出端子，所述输出电容C5的另一端连接第二输出端子；所述输出电容C5的两端并联连接有续流二极管D1和输出电阻R1。本发明有效地提高系统可靠性，不会因为单个开关管而出现高压输出，避免造成人身安全隐患，且成本低，可靠性高。
Description
本发明涉及一种光伏电路，尤其涉及一种光伏关断器串联驱动电路，属于电力电子变换器技术领域。
快速关断，是从美国引入的光伏电站安全保护概念。快速关断概念的提出，出于对消防人员、光伏电站安装及维修人员的保护，因为光伏电站直流侧有直流高压，只要有太阳照射，电池板侧的直流高压就一直存在，一旦光伏电站发生火灾，在整个电站烧毁完之前，消防人员都无法进行灭火抢险工作。
因此，美国国家电气规范NEC 2014 及NEC 2017中对光伏电站直流侧快速关断都提出了明确要求。将于2019年1月1日开始正式执行。NEC 2017规定：“在组串之外，控制器安装在距离阵列0.3米之内以及距离接入点超过1米的范围内，使用快速关断后，系统需要30秒内降至30V;在组串之内，在30秒内降至80V，方便采取安全救援措施。”
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种光伏关断器串联驱动电路，可以保证系统的安全性，成本低，可靠性高，易于实施，满足美国法规快速关断安全要求。
本发明为解决上述技术问题而采用的技术方案是提供一种光伏关断器串联驱动电路，包括光伏组件VPV、输入电容C4和控制单元；所述输入电容C4与光伏组件VPV并联连接，所述光伏组件VPV的正极与第一输出端子1-1连接，所述光伏组件VPV的负极通过两个串联连接的开关管与第二输出端子1-2相连；所述两个串联连接的开关管和所述控制单元相连；所述输出电容C5的一端连接第一输出端子，所述输出电容C5的另一端连接第二输出端子；所述输出电容C5的两端并联连接有续流二极管D1和输出电阻R1。
上述的光伏关断器串联驱动电路，其中，所述两个串联连接的开关管为第一开关管Q1和第二开关管Q2，所述光伏组件VPV的负极与第一开关管Q1的漏极相连，所述第一开关管Q1的源极和第二开关管Q2的漏极相连在一起形成MID驱动端；所述第二开关管Q2的源极与第二输出端子1-2相连；所述第一开关管Q1的基极通过第一驱动电路和所述控制单元相连，所述第二开关管Q2的基极通过第二驱动电路和所述控制单元相连。
上述的光伏关断器串联驱动电路，其中，所述第一驱动电路包括开关管Q4、开关管Q3和开关管Q5；所述开关管Q4发射极与VCC电压端相连，所述开关管Q4 发射极和基极之间连接有电阻R2；所述开关管Q4基极通过电阻R3和开关管Q3的集电极相连；所述开关管Q3的发射极接地，所述开关管Q3的基极通过电阻R4与和所述控制单元相连；所述开关管Q4的集电极串接电阻R5后与二极管D2的阳极相连；所述二极管D2的阴极与第一开关管Q1的基极、开关管Q5的发射极相连；所述开关管Q5的集电极接地，所述开关管Q5的基极通过电阻R6接地。
上述的光伏关断器串联驱动电路，其中，所述第二驱动电路包括开关管Q6、开关管Q7和开关管Q8；所述开关管Q6发射极串接二极管D4后与VCC电压端相连，所述开关管Q6 发射极和基极之间连接有电阻R7；所述开关管Q6基极通过电阻R8和开关管Q7的集电极相连；所述开关管Q7的发射极与MID驱动端相连，所述开关管Q7的基极与二极管D5的阴极相连；所述二极管D5的阳极通过电阻R11与和所述控制单元相连；所述开关管Q6的集电极串接电阻R9后与二极管D3的阳极相连；所述二极管D3的阴极与第二开关管Q2的基极、开关管Q8的发射极相连；所述开关管Q8的集电极与MID驱动端相连，所述开关管Q8的集电极和基极之间连接有电阻R10。
本发明对比现有技术有如下的有益效果：本发明提供的光伏关断器串联驱动电路，能够有效的提高系统可靠性，不会因为单个开关管的损坏而出现高压输出，避免造成人身安全隐患，安全性好，可靠性高，且成本低，效率高。
图1是本发明实施例中的一种光伏关断器串联驱动电路示意图；
图2是本发明实施例中的光伏关断器的第一开关管Q1的驱动电路示意图；
图3是本发明实施例中的光伏关断器的第二开关管Q2的驱动电路示意图；
图4是本发明实施例中的光伏关断器串联驱动电路与控制单元连接示意图。
本发明实施例中的一种光伏关断器串联驱动电路，安全性好，成本低，可靠性好。
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和有益效果能够更为明显易懂，下面结合附图对本发明的具体实例做详细的说明。
请参考图1，本发明提供的光伏关断器串联驱动电路，包括光伏组件VPV、输入电容C4和控制单元；所述输入电容C4与光伏组件VPV并联连接，所述光伏组件VPV的正极与第一输出端子1-1连接，所述光伏组件VPV的负极通过两个串联连接的开关管与第二输出端子1-2相连；所述两个串联连接的开关管和所述控制单元相连；所述输出电容C5的一端连接第一输出端子，所述输出电容C5的另一端连接第二输出端子；所述输出电容C5的两端并联连接有续流二极管D1和输出电阻R1。
本发明提供的光伏关断器串联驱动电路，采用两个串联连接的开关管进行驱动，大大提高系统的可靠性及安全性，不会在关断器关断的情况下，因为单管失效造成输出有高压出现；当出现火灾时，不会因为系统高压影响消防人员的生命安全。
优选地，两个串联连接的开关管分别为第一开关管Q1和第二开关管Q2，光伏组件VPV的负极与第一开关管Q1的漏极相连，第一开关管Q1的源极和第二开关管Q2的漏极相连在一起形成MID驱动端；第二开关管Q2的源极与第二输出端子1-2相连；第一开关管Q1的基极通过第一驱动电路和所述控制单元相连，第二开关管Q2的基极通过第二驱动电路和所述控制单元相连。
请继续参见图2，本发明的第一驱动电路包括开关管Q4、开关管Q3和开关管Q5；所述开关管Q4发射极与VCC电压端相连，所述开关管Q4 发射极和基极之间连接有电阻R2；所述开关管Q4基极通过电阻R3和开关管Q3的集电极相连；所述开关管Q3的发射极接地，所述开关管Q3的基极通过电阻R4与和所述控制单元相连；所述开关管Q4的集电极串接电阻R5后与二极管D2的阳极相连；所述二极管D2的阴极与第一开关管Q1的基极、开关管Q5的发射极相连；所述开关管Q5的集电极接地，所述开关管Q5的基极通过电阻R6接地。
请继续参见图3，本发明的第二驱动电路主要由开关管Q6、开关管Q7和开关管Q8等分立元器件搭建而成，仅仅几个三极管，二极管，电阻就能完成驱动，结构简单，不需要采用专门的悬浮电源驱动芯片，成本低，效率高。第一驱动电路与第二驱动电路基本一样，第一驱动电路少了二极管D4,D5。其中，Q2,Q3,Q4为NPN三极管，Q5,Q6为PNP三极管。第二驱动电路具体组成连接如下：VCC电压端串连二极管D4后与开关管Q6发射极相连，电阻R7与开关管Q6 发射极和基极并联；所述开关管Q6基极与电阻R7一端相连，另外一端与开关管Q7的集电极相连；所述开关管Q7的发射极与MID驱动端相连，基极与二极管D5的阴极相连；所述二极管D5的阳极与电阻R11一端相连；所述电阻R11的另外一端与控制信号PA1相连；所述开关管Q6集电极串电阻R9后与二极管D3的阳极相连；所述二极管D3的阴极与开关管Q2基极，开关管Q8的发射极相连；所述开关管Q8集电极与MID驱动端相连，发射极和基极与二极管D3并联；所述电阻R10一端接开关管基极，另外一端与MID驱动端相连。
本发明的光伏关断器串联驱动电路与控制单元连接如图4所示，当第一开关管Q1或者第二开关管Q2因为各种原因短路时，关闭一个开关管就能切断光伏组件与总线的连接，无输出高压；当出现火灾时，关断器接收不到信号，控制单元输出PA0和PA1都为低电平，开关管Q3和Q7截止，开关管Q4和Q6无基极电流，集电极截止，发射极无输出；当第一开关管Q1和第二开关管Q2电平高于开关管Q4和Q6发射极电压时，开关管Q5和Q8导通，第一开关管Q1和第二开关管Q2基极放电，第一开关管Q1和第二开关管Q2截止，第一输出端子1-1和第二输出端子1-2之间的电压小于1V。
本发明提供的光伏关断器串联驱动电路，安全性好，可靠性高；且成本低，效率高。本发明能够有效的提高系统可靠性，不会因为单个开关管(Q1)或者(Q2)损坏而出现高压输出，避免造成人身安全隐患。第二开关管Q2的漏极不是与地相连，而是与第一开关管Q1的源极相连，因此第二开关管Q2需要悬浮驱动，第二开关管Q2驱动电路只是比普通驱动电路增加两个二极管，成本低，可靠性高。
虽然本发明已以较佳实施例揭示如上，然其并非用以限定本发明，任何本领域技术人员，在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内，当可作些许的修改和完善，因此本发明的保护范围当以权利要求书所界定的为准。
Claims (4)
- 一种光伏关断器串联驱动电路，其特征在于，包括：光伏组件VPV、输入电容C4和控制单元；所述输入电容C4与光伏组件VPV并联连接，所述光伏组件VPV的正极与第一输出端子1-1连接，所述光伏组件VPV的负极通过两个串联连接的开关管与第二输出端子1-2相连；所述两个串联连接的开关管和所述控制单元相连；所述输出电容C5的一端连接第一输出端子，所述输出电容C5的另一端连接第二输出端子；所述输出电容C5的两端并联连接有续流二极管D1和输出电阻R1。
- 根据权利要求1所述的光伏关断器串联驱动电路，其特征在于，所述两个串联连接的开关管为第一开关管Q1和第二开关管Q2，所述光伏组件VPV的负极与第一开关管Q1的漏极相连，所述第一开关管Q1的源极和第二开关管Q2的漏极相连在一起形成MID驱动端；所述第二开关管Q2的源极与第二输出端子1-2相连；所述第一开关管Q1的基极通过第一驱动电路和所述控制单元相连，所述第二开关管Q2的基极通过第二驱动电路和所述控制单元相连。
- 根据权利要求2所述的光伏关断器串联驱动电路，其特征在于，所述第一驱动电路包括开关管Q4、开关管Q3和开关管Q5；所述开关管Q4发射极与VCC电压端相连，所述开关管Q4 发射极和基极之间连接有电阻R2；所述开关管Q4基极通过电阻R3和开关管Q3的集电极相连；所述开关管Q3的发射极接地，所述开关管Q3的基极通过电阻R4与和所述控制单元相连；所述开关管Q4的集电极串接电阻R5后与二极管D2的阳极相连；所述二极管D2的阴极与第一开关管Q1的基极、开关管Q5的发射极相连；所述开关管Q5的集电极接地，所述开关管Q5的基极通过电阻R6接地。
- 根据权利要求2所述的光伏关断器串联驱动电路，其特征在于，所述第二驱动电路包括开关管Q6、开关管Q7和开关管Q8；所述开关管Q6发射极串接二极管D4后与VCC电压端相连，所述开关管Q6 发射极和基极之间连接有电阻R7；所述开关管Q6基极通过电阻R8和开关管Q7的集电极相连；所述开关管Q7的发射极与MID驱动端相连，所述开关管Q7的基极与二极管D5的阴极相连；所述二极管D5的阳极通过电阻R11与和所述控制单元相连；所述开关管Q6的集电极串接电阻R9后与二极管D3的阳极相连；所述二极管D3的阴极与第二开关管Q2的基极、开关管Q8的发射极相连；所述开关管Q8的集电极与MID驱动端相连，所述开关管Q8的集电极和基极之间连接有电阻R10。
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| US11294350B2 (en) * | 2019-12-03 | 2022-04-05 | Zhejiang Jmthy Photovoltaic Technology Co., Ltd | Rapid shutdown device capable of driving two MOSFETs connected in series through single drive signal |
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| CN110417388A (zh) * | 2019-08-02 | 2019-11-05 | 海宁昱能电子有限公司 | 一种光伏组件关断器及光伏发电安全保护系统 |
| CN110784202A (zh) * | 2019-12-03 | 2020-02-11 | 浙江佳明天和缘光伏科技有限公司 | 一种通过单路信号能对两个串联mos管驱动的快速关断装置 |
| CN111755063A (zh) * | 2020-07-03 | 2020-10-09 | 江苏集能易新能源技术有限公司 | 一种光伏智能接线盒测试电路及控制方法 |
| CN114050811B (zh) * | 2022-01-13 | 2022-05-17 | 杭州禾迈电力电子股份有限公司 | 一种多输入关断器及控制方法、光伏发电系统 |
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