WO2020000824A1 - 变桨机构及风力发电机组 - Google Patents

变桨机构及风力发电机组 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020000824A1
WO2020000824A1 PCT/CN2018/112873 CN2018112873W WO2020000824A1 WO 2020000824 A1 WO2020000824 A1 WO 2020000824A1 CN 2018112873 W CN2018112873 W CN 2018112873W WO 2020000824 A1 WO2020000824 A1 WO 2020000824A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
flange
pitch
bearing
web
inner ring
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2018/112873
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
郭拥军
李倩
Original Assignee
新疆金风科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 新疆金风科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 新疆金风科技股份有限公司
Priority to US16/612,505 priority Critical patent/US11460001B2/en
Priority to EP18909267.9A priority patent/EP3608537B1/en
Priority to AU2018412623A priority patent/AU2018412623B2/en
Publication of WO2020000824A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020000824A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F03D80/70—Bearing or lubricating arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D15/00—Transmission of mechanical power
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/022—Adjusting aerodynamic properties of the blades
    • F03D7/0224—Adjusting blade pitch
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/50—Bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/30—Retaining components in desired mutual position
    • F05B2260/301—Retaining bolts or nuts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/40—Transmission of power
    • F05B2260/403—Transmission of power through the shape of the drive components
    • F05B2260/4031—Transmission of power through the shape of the drive components as in toothed gearing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/60—Control system actuates through
    • F05B2270/602—Control system actuates through electrical actuators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the technical field of wind power generation, and more particularly, to a pitch mechanism for a wind power generator set and a wind power generator set including the same.
  • a wind turbine is a large-scale power generation device that converts wind energy into electricity through the rotation of an impeller.
  • the wind turbine uses a pitching device to adjust the blade angle of the blade according to the change in wind speed to control the absorption of wind energy by the impeller.
  • the blade angle of the blade is controlled by a pitch changing device between 0 ° and 30 ° to ensure the impeller's
  • the speed is limited to the rated range, and the pitch is stopped, for example, by feathering the blades to a 90 ° position.
  • a commonly used pitch structure for wind turbines is gear pitch.
  • the bearing outer ring is connected to the hub
  • the bearing inner ring is connected to the blade root
  • a motor and a reducer are installed at the hub web
  • a drive gear is installed at the end of the output shaft of the reducer. It meshes with the ring gear of the inner ring of the pitch bearing and drives the inner ring of the pitch bearing to rotate to realize the pitch.
  • the ring gear of the bearing inner ring is a wear part.
  • the blade angle is constant, which results in a single meshing area between the bearing inner ring gear ring and the drive gear of the reducer, which easily causes tooth surface erosion and damage in the local area of the bearing inner ring gear ring and the reducer drive gear.
  • the service period of the wind turbine after the ring gear is worn and damaged, it is necessary to remove the blades, disassemble the rotor and the transmission system to replace the damaged ring gear, which is difficult and costly to replace.
  • the purpose of the present disclosure is to provide a pitch mechanism and a wind power generator set having the same to avoid frequent meshing forces in a single meshing region of a ring gear of a pitch bearing or a pitch driving gear, resulting in damage during service life, This reduces maintenance costs such as pitch bearings or ring gears.
  • a pitch mechanism for a wind turbine includes a pitch bearing and a driving gear
  • the pitch bearing includes a bearing outer ring fixed to a hub, and a A blade inner bearing inner ring is provided with teeth on an inner circumferential surface of the bearing inner ring
  • the pitch mechanism further includes a flange, the flange is mounted on the hub, and the driving gear is mounted on The flange is engaged with teeth on the inner ring of the bearing, and the mounting position of the flange on the hub is adjustable in the circumferential direction relative to the inner ring of the bearing, thereby changing the The meshing area between the bearing inner ring and the drive gear.
  • the hub includes a web extending radially inward, and the flange is mounted on the web, with respect to a circumferential direction of the pitch bearing.
  • the web has a plurality of mounting positions. When the bearing inner ring is fixed, the flange can be rotated to any one of the plurality of mounting positions.
  • the pitch control mechanism includes a radial stop structure including a stop formed on the web, and an inner periphery of the stop and the flange The outer periphery of the disc cooperates to define the radial position of the flange.
  • the flange in an axial direction of the pitch bearing, is installed between the web and the bearing inner ring.
  • a plurality of first through holes are provided on the web
  • a plurality of second through holes are provided on the flange
  • a fixing bolt passes through the first through holes and the first through holes.
  • Two through-holes fasten the flange to the hub, wherein the first through-holes are long waist holes extending in the circumferential direction, and one of the first through-holes enables a plurality of the second through-holes. Vias are exposed.
  • the pitch control mechanism further includes a circumferential limiting structure for limiting a position of the flange in a circumferential direction, and the circumferential limiting structure includes a positioning key, a plurality of first key grooves And multiple second keyways,
  • the first keyway is provided on a surface where the web is in contact with the flange
  • the second keyway is provided on a surface where the flange is in contact with the web.
  • the pitch mechanism further includes a positioning key locking structure, the positioning key locking structure including: a locking bolt, opened on the web, extending in the axial direction, and communicating with the first keyway A communicating first lock hole and a second lock hole extending in the axial direction on the positioning key, the first lock hole corresponding to the second lock hole, and the lock bolt passing through the first lock
  • the positioning key is locked in the positioning key groove, and the second locking hole is a threaded hole.
  • a notch is provided on the web, the driving gear meshes with the bearing inner ring in a position region corresponding to the notch, and the plurality of installation positions are disposed in the position region.
  • the notch extension 10 o -50 o along the circumferential direction of the pitch bearing.
  • a wind power generator set including a pitch mechanism as described above
  • the present disclosure provides an embodiment of automatically switching the tooth meshing area without disassembling and reinstalling a driving accessory to replace the meshing area, and the maintenance cost is low.
  • FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a pitch mechanism according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIGS. 2A and 2B illustrate front views of a pitch mechanism according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a partial cross-sectional view of a pitching mechanism according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, taken along the A-A line of FIG. 2A;
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a partial cross-sectional view of a pitch mechanism according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, taken along the line B-B of FIG. 2A;
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a partial cross-sectional view of a pitch mechanism according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, taken along a line C-C of FIG. 2A.
  • 6 and 7 are a perspective view and a front view, respectively, of a pitch mechanism according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a pitch mechanism capable of automatically switching a ring gear meshing region, and the meshing region can be replaced without disassembling and reinstalling a driving accessory.
  • a pitch mechanism includes a pitch bearing and a pitch drive gear 30.
  • the pitch bearing includes a bearing inner ring 21 and a bearing outer ring 20.
  • the bearing outer ring 20 is fixedly mounted on On the hub 1, the blades 3 are fixedly mounted on the bearing inner ring 21, and teeth are formed on the inner circumference of the bearing inner ring 21.
  • the pitch drive gear 30 meshes with the teeth of the bearing inner ring 21, and drives the bearing inner ring 21 relative to the hub 1. Rotate to adjust the blade angle of the blade 3.
  • the pitch mechanism according to the embodiment of the present disclosure further includes a flange 4 that is mounted on the hub 1.
  • a web 11 is formed inside the hub 1, a flange 4 is mounted on the web 11, a drive motor 6 and a reducer 5 are mounted on the flange 4, and a pitch drive gear 30 is mounted on the output shaft of the reducer 5.
  • the ends are kept in mesh with the bearing inner ring 21.
  • the web 11 extends a predetermined width from the hub 1 in a radial inward direction, and is axially aligned with the pitch bearing.
  • the axial ends of the ring 21 are separated by a predetermined distance.
  • the flange 4 is mounted on the web 11. In the axial direction of the pitch bearing, the flange 4 is located between the web 11 and the bearing inner ring 21, and the flange 4 is axially limited by the web 11 and the bearing inner ring 21.
  • the flange 4 can rotate in the circumferential direction, so that the installation position of the flange 4 with respect to the bearing inner ring 21 can be adjusted in the circumferential direction, so that the pitch can be changed.
  • the driving gear 30 can mesh with teeth at different positions of the bearing inner ring 21.
  • the flange 4 is ring-shaped, so that the flange 4 can easily maintain the designed shape and size, not be easily deformed, and avoid local stress, so that the bearing inner ring 21 is uniformly stressed.
  • the flange 4 may be a non-round circle structure, that is, a part of the ring in the circumferential direction.
  • the non-round circle structure is adopted, the axial and radial positioning of the flange 4 during free rotation must be ensured to prevent the flange plate of the non-round circle structure from falling off the web 11 and the bearing inner ring 21 of the hub 1 when the free rotation .
  • a circular stop 111 (refer to FIG. 4) may be provided on the web plate 11 so that the outer peripheral surface of the flange 4 and the inner peripheral surface of the stop 111 are in clearance.
  • the inner circumferential surface of the stop 111 can provide the radial positioning of the flange 4.
  • first through holes 114 may be provided on the web 11, and a plurality of second through holes 42 and second through holes 42 may be provided on the flange 4. It is preferably a threaded hole to facilitate the installation and removal of the bolt, and to avoid the axial interference of the fixing bolt 841 and the bearing inner ring 21.
  • the fixing bolt 841 is threadedly combined with the second through hole 42 after passing through the first through hole 114 to fasten the flange 4 to the web 11 of the hub 1.
  • the first through hole 114 may be designed as a long waist hole extending in the circumferential direction.
  • one first through-hole 114 may correspond to a plurality of second through-holes 42 such that the plurality of second through-holes 42 are exposed outward through the first through-hole 114 and provide circumferential positioning of different positions of the flange 4, At the same time, it is easy to penetrate the fixing bolt 841.
  • a first keyway 115 is provided on a surface of the web 11 facing the flange 4 from a radially inner side in a radially outward direction, and a surface of the flange 4 facing the web 11
  • a second keyway 41 is provided from the radially inner side in the radial outward direction.
  • a plurality of first key grooves 115 and second key grooves 41 can be provided along the circumferential direction, and the number, position, and size correspond to each other, and the positions of different meshing regions can be switched.
  • the intervals in the circumferential direction of the plurality of first key grooves 115 and the second key grooves 42 need to correspond to a rotation angle when switching between different meshing positions.
  • a positioning key locking structure is also provided. For example, as shown in FIG. 5, at a position corresponding to the positioning key groove 120, a threaded hole penetrating the thickness of the web 11 is formed on the web 11, and a corresponding position of the positioning key 7 is also formed with a threaded hole. The web 11 is inserted into the positioning key 7 located in the positioning key groove 120 axially outside, and the positioning key 7 is locked to prevent the positioning key 7 from falling off in the radial direction.
  • a threaded hole 71 is formed at an outer end portion of the positioning key 7, and the threaded hole 71 extends a predetermined length in the radial direction.
  • the driving motor 6 and the speed reducer 5 are installed on the flange 4.
  • a certain length of an opening 112 can be opened on the hub web 11.
  • the length of the gap 112 (or occupying the circumferential angle of the hub web 11) meets the requirements of the reducer 5.
  • the driving gear 30 and the ring gear of the bearing inner ring 21 are staggered from a single concentrated force receiving tooth.
  • the notch 112 may extend in a range of 10 ° -50 ° along a circumferential direction of the pitch bearing.
  • FIG. 2A and 2B show schematic diagrams of the pitch drive gear meshing with the bearing inner ring 21 in a first position and a second position, respectively.
  • the pitch drive gear 30 meshes with the teeth at the first position of the bearing inner ring 21.
  • the circumferential limiting structure and the radial limiting structure can be removed, for example, the fixing bolt 841, the locking bolt 851, and the positioning key 7 are removed, so that the flange 4 Unlimited rotation in the circumferential direction.
  • the pitch drive gear 30 so that the pitch drive gear 30 moves along the inner periphery of the bearing inner ring 21, thereby driving the flange 4 to rotate a certain angle in the circumferential direction.
  • the pitch drive The gear 30 is staggered from the worn teeth and meshes with the teeth of the bearing inner ring 21 in the second position.
  • a plurality of different meshing positions may be provided on the flange 4 in the circumferential direction, and the interval between the different meshing positions may be as long as the meshing teeth of the pitch drive gear 30 and the bearing inner ring 21 are staggered from each other.
  • the numbers and positions of the first key grooves 115 and the second key grooves 41 should correspond to each other, so as to meet the position positioning of switching different meshing regions. For example, when switching from the first position to the second position, the first key groove 115 and the second key groove 41 must be matched with each other so that the positioning key 7 can be inserted.
  • the first through-hole 114 on the web 11 and the second through-hole 42 on the web 11 should correspond to each other, so that the fixing bolt 841 is switched into the corresponding second through-hole 42 and the flange 4 is re-fixed to the web 11 on.
  • the flange 4 and the hub 1 are fixedly connected by a fixing bolt 841 or the like, the positioning key 7 is inserted into the positioning key groove 120 and fixed, and the pitch The motor 6 and the reducer 5 and the pitch drive gear 30 are fixedly mounted on the flange 4.
  • the pitch drive gear 30 that drives the output of the reducer 5 meshes with the teeth of the bearing inner ring 21.
  • the motor 6 is stopped, the positioning key 7 is inserted into the positioning key groove 120, and the locking bolt 851 is screwed to fix the position of the positioning key 7. Finally, the fixing bolt 841 is installed in the first through hole 114 and the second through hole 42 on the flange 4 to fix the flange 4.
  • the flange 4 can be rotated in a predetermined angle range.
  • the opening 112 may not be opened on the web 11,
  • the motor 5 and the reducer 5 are located radially inward of the hub web 11, and can realize 360 ° free rotation and positioning of the flange plate, thereby adjusting the meshing position within a 360 ° angle range. .
  • the bearing inner ring 21 is connected to the blade root through a fixing bolt 811 and a nut 813.
  • a plurality of long waist holes 113 extending in the circumferential direction may be provided on the web 11 at positions corresponding to the fixing bolt 811, so that the fixing bolt 811 is exposed to the outside.
  • a plurality of long waist holes 113 can be uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction, and provide a maintenance space for the root fixing bolt 811. Maintenance requires a rotating bearing to expose the target maintenance bolt.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)
  • Mounting Of Bearings Or Others (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于风力发电机组的变桨机构，其包括变桨轴承和驱动齿轮（30），变桨轴承包括固定到轮毂（1）上的轴承外圈（20）和与叶片（3）连接的轴承内圈（21），变桨机构还包括法兰盘（4），法兰盘（4）安装在轮毂（1）上，驱动齿轮（30）安装在法兰盘（4）上并与轴承内圈（21）上的齿啮合，法兰盘（4）在轮毂（1）上的安装位置沿变桨轴承的圆周方向可调。通过这种机构，在轴承内圈上齿圈发生局部磨损的情况下，可以不拆除变桨电机和减速器等驱动附件，进行齿圈集中啮合区域的变换，大大提高变桨轴承的服役寿命和可靠性，维护容易进行且维护成本低。还包括一种具有变桨机构的风力发电机组。

Description

变桨机构及风力发电机组 技术领域
本公开涉及风力发电技术领域，更具体地讲，涉及一种用于风力发电机组的变桨机构以及包含该变桨机构的风力发电机组。
背景技术
风力发电机组是一种通过叶轮转动将风能转化为电能的大型发电装置，风力发电机组利用变桨装置根据风速的变化对叶片的桨叶角度进行调节以控制叶轮对风能的吸收。
在风力发电机组正常运行期间，当风速超过风力发电机组的额定风速时，为了控制风力发电机组的功率输出，通过变桨装置控制叶片的桨叶角度在0°～30°之间，保证叶轮的转速限定在额定范围内，并且通过变桨装置例如将叶片顺桨到90°位置实现停机。
目前，风力发电机组比较常用的一种变桨结构为齿轮变桨。具体地，在这种变桨结构中，轴承外圈与轮毂相连，轴承内圈与叶根相连，在轮毂腹板处安装电机和减速器，减速器的输出轴端部安装驱动齿轮，驱动齿轮与变桨轴承内圈的齿圈啮合，驱动变桨轴承内圈转动，实现变桨。
然而，由于驱动齿轮通常比变桨轴承更硬，因此，轴承内圈齿圈为磨损部件。此外，风力发电机运行时叶片角度一定，造成轴承内圈齿圈与减速器的驱动齿轮相互啮合区域单一，容易发生轴承内圈齿圈和减速器的驱动齿轮局部区域齿面啮蚀、损坏。在风力发电机服役期间，齿圈磨损损坏后，需要叶片移除、拆开转子与传动系统，来更换损坏的齿圈，更换难度和成本巨大。
发明内容
本公开的目的在于提供一种变桨机构以及具有该变桨机构的风力发电机组，避免变桨轴承的齿圈或变桨驱动齿轮单一啮合区域频繁啮合受力，导致在服役期内发生损坏，从而降低变桨轴承、或齿圈等的维护成本。
根据本公开的一方面，提供了一种用于风力发电机组的变桨机构，所述 变桨机构包括变桨轴承和驱动齿轮，所述变桨轴承包括固定到轮毂上的轴承外圈和与叶片连接的轴承内圈，所述轴承内圈的内圆周表面上设置有齿，所述变桨机构还包括法兰盘，所述法兰盘安装在所述轮毂上，所述驱动齿轮安装在所述法兰盘上并与所述轴承内圈上的齿啮合，所述法兰盘在所述轮毂上的安装位置相对于所述轴承内圈沿所述圆周方向可调，从而改变所述轴承内圈与所述驱动齿轮的啮合区域。
根据本公开的一方面，所述轮毂包括径向向内延伸的腹板，所述法兰盘安装在所述腹板上，相对于所述变桨轴承的圆周方向，所述法兰盘在所述腹板上具有多个安装位置，在所述轴承内圈固定的情况下，所述法兰盘可旋转到所述多个安装位置中的任意一个位置。
根据本公开的一方面，所述变桨机构包括径向限位结构，所述径向限位结构包括形成在所述腹板上的止口，所述止口的内周与所述法兰盘的外周相配合，限定所述法兰盘的径向位置。
根据本公开的一方面，在所述变桨轴承的轴向方向上，所述法兰盘安装在所述腹板与所述轴承内圈之间。
根据本公开的一方面，在所述腹板上开设有多个第一通孔，在所述法兰盘上开设有多个第二通孔，固定螺栓穿过所述第一通孔和第二通孔，将所述法兰盘紧固到所述轮毂上，其中，所述第一通孔为沿圆周方向延伸的长腰孔，一个所述第一通孔使多个所述第二通孔暴露。
根据本公开的一方面，所述变桨机构还包括周向限位结构，用于沿圆周方向限定所述法兰盘的位置，所述周向限位结构包括定位键、多个第一键槽和多个第二键槽，
所述第一键槽开设在所述腹板与法兰盘相接触的表面上，所述第二键槽开设在所述法兰盘与所述腹板相接触的表面上，在一个所述第一键槽与一个所述第二键槽相面对形成定位键槽的情况下，所述定位键能够从所述法兰盘的径向内侧插入到所述定位键槽中，对所述法兰盘进行圆周方向的限位。
根据本公开的一方面，所述变桨机构还包括定位键锁定结构，所述定位键锁定结构包括：锁定螺栓、开设在所述腹板上沿着轴向方向延伸并与所述第一键槽连通的第一锁定孔以及在所述定位键上沿轴向延伸的第二锁定孔，所述第一锁定孔与所述第二锁定孔相对应，所述锁定螺栓穿过所述第一锁定孔和所述第二锁定孔，将所述定位键锁定在所述定位键槽中，其中，所述第 二锁定孔为螺纹孔。
根据本公开的一方面，所述腹板上开设有豁口，所述驱动齿轮在所述豁口对应的位置区域内与所述轴承内圈啮合，所述多个安装位置设置在所述位置区域内。
根据本公开的一方面，所述豁口沿着变桨轴承的圆周方向延伸10 o-50 o的范围。
根据本公开的另一方面，提供了一种风力发电机组，所述风力发电机组包括如上所述的变桨机构
本公开提供了自动切换齿啮合区域的实施方案，而无需拆卸、再安装驱动附件来更换啮合区域，维护成本低。
附图说明
通过下面结合示例性地示出一例的附图进行的描述，本公开的上述和其他目的和特点将会变得更加清楚，其中：
图1示出了根据本公开实施例的变桨机构的立体图；
图2A和2B示出了根据本公开实施例的变桨机构的主视图；
图3示出沿图2A的A-A线截取的根据本公开实施例的变桨机构的局部剖视图；
图4示出沿图2A的B-B线截取的根据本公开实施例的变桨机构的局部剖视图；
图5示出沿图2A的C-C线截取的根据本公开实施例的变桨机构的局部剖视图。
图6和图7分别是根据本公开另一实施例的变桨机构的立体图和主视图。
具体实施方式
本公开的实施例提供了一种能够自动切换齿圈啮合区域的变桨机构，能够在不拆卸和再安装驱动附件的情况下来更换啮合区域。下面，参照附图来详细说明本公开的实施例。
如图1-图5所示，根据本公开实施例的变桨机构包括变桨轴承和变桨驱动齿轮30，变桨轴承包括轴承内圈21和轴承外圈20，轴承外圈20固定安装在轮毂1上，叶片3固定安装在轴承内圈21上，在轴承内圈21的内圆周 上形成齿，变桨驱动齿轮30与轴承内圈21的齿啮合，驱动轴承内圈21相对于轮毂1转动，从而调整叶片3的桨叶角。
根据本公开实施例的变桨机构还包括法兰盘4，法兰盘4安装在轮毂1上。在轮毂1的内侧形成有腹板11，法兰盘4安装在腹板11上，驱动电机6和减速器5安装在法兰盘4上，变桨驱动齿轮30安装在减速器5的输出轴端部，与轴承内圈21保持啮合状态。
参照图3-5所示的截面图，在变桨轴承的安装孔处，腹板11沿着径向向内的方向从轮毂1上延伸出预定宽度，并在轴向方向与变桨轴承内圈21的轴向端部隔开预定距离。法兰盘4安装在腹板11上。在变桨轴承的轴向方向上，法兰盘4位于腹板11和轴承内圈21之间，通过腹板11和轴承内圈21对法兰盘4进行轴向限位。在法兰盘4仅在轴向上受到限位的情况下，法兰盘4能够沿圆周方向转动，从而可以沿圆周方向调整法兰盘4相对于轴承内圈21的安装位置，使得变桨驱动齿轮30能够与轴承内圈21的不同位置的齿啮合。
优选地，法兰盘4为圆环状，从而法兰盘4容易保持设计的形状尺寸，不易变形，避免产生局部应力，使得轴承内圈21受力均匀。然而，在满足设计条件的情况下，法兰盘4也可以为非整圆结构，即，为圆环的沿圆周方向的一部分。当采用非整圆结构时，要保证法兰盘4自由旋转时的轴向和径向定位，防止非整圆结构的法兰盘自由旋转时从轮毂1的腹板11及轴承内圈21脱落。
为了对法兰盘4进行径向限位，可以在腹板11上开设圆形止口111(请参考图4)，使法兰盘4的外周面与止口111的内圆周面间隙配合，在法兰盘4初步安装时，或者其他固定部件拆卸的情况下，止口111的内圆周面可以提供法兰盘4的径向定位。
为了将法兰盘4固定安装在腹板11上，可以在腹板11上开设有多个第一通孔114，在法兰盘4上开设多个第二通孔42，第二通孔42优选为螺纹孔，以方便螺栓安装、拆卸，并且避免固定螺栓841与轴承内圈21轴向干涉。固定螺栓841穿过第一通孔114后与第二通孔42螺纹结合，从而将法兰盘4紧固到轮毂1的腹板11上。为了使得第一通孔114和第二通孔42对准，便于固定螺栓841穿入，可以将第一通孔114设计为沿圆周方向延伸的长腰孔。此外，一个第一通孔114可以与多个第二通孔42对应，使得多个第二通孔42通过第一通孔114向外暴露，提供法兰盘4的不同位置的周向定位，同时 便于固定螺栓841的穿入。
如图5所示，在腹板11面对法兰盘4的表面上，从径向内侧沿径向向外的方向开设有第一键槽115，在法兰盘4面对腹板11的表面上，从径向内侧沿径向向外的方向开设有第二键槽41，当第一键槽115和第二键槽41相面对时，形成定位键槽120(参考图1)，定位键7可以插入在定位键槽120内，从而可以防止法兰盘4相对于腹板11沿圆周方向移动。可沿圆周方向开设多个第一键槽115和第二键槽41，数量和位置以及尺寸相互对应，满足切换不同啮合区域的位置定位。优选地，多个第一键槽115和第二键槽42沿圆周方向的间隔需要与不同啮合位置之间切换时的旋转角度对应。
为了将定位键7稳定地保持在定位键槽120中，还设置有定位键锁定结构。例如，如图5所示，在与定位键槽120相对应的位置，腹板11上形成有穿透腹板11厚度的螺纹孔，定位键7的相应位置也形成有螺纹孔，锁定螺栓851从腹板11轴向外侧插入到位于定位键槽120中的定位键7中，将定位键7锁定，防止定位键7沿径向脱落。
为了方便定位键7的拆卸，在定位键7的外端部形成有螺纹孔71，螺纹孔71沿径向延伸预定长度。当需要拆卸定位键7时，可以先将锁定螺栓851拆除，然后通过螺纹改锥旋入螺纹孔71中，将定位键7沿径向向内的方向拔出。
驱动电机6和减速器5安装在法兰盘4上，为了避免减速器5与腹板11冲突，如图1所示，可以在轮毂腹板11上开设一定长度的豁口112。开设豁口112时需要避开轮毂1的高应力受力区域，保证轮毂1的变桨驱动附件的安装位置不干涉，豁口112的长度(或占轮毂腹板11的圆周角度)满足减速器5的驱动齿轮30与轴承内圈21的齿圈错开单一集中受力齿。作为示例，所述豁口112可沿着变桨轴承的圆周方向延伸10°-50°的范围。
图2A和2B分别示出了变桨驱动齿轮在第一位置和第二位置与轴承内圈21啮合的示意图。如图2A所示，变桨驱动齿轮30与轴承内圈21的第一位置的齿啮合。当第一位置的齿磨损到一定程度后，可以将周向限位结构以及径向限位结构拆卸下来，例如，将固定螺栓841、锁定螺栓851、定位键7拆除，使得法兰盘4的圆周方向的转动不受限制。然后驱动变桨驱动齿轮30，使得变桨驱动齿轮30沿着轴承内圈21的内周移动，从而带动法兰盘4沿圆周方向旋转一定角度，此时，如图2B所示，变桨驱动齿轮30与已经磨损的 齿错开，在第二位置与轴承内圈21的齿啮合。
可以在法兰盘4上沿圆周方向提供多个不同的啮合位置，不同啮合位置之间的间隔只要满足变桨驱动齿轮30与轴承内圈21上的啮合的齿相互错开即可。第一键槽115和第二键槽41的数量和位置要相互对应，满足切换不同啮合区域的位置定位。例如，当从第一位置切换到第二位置时，第一键槽115和第二键槽41要刚好对应配合，使得定位键7能够插入。腹板11上的第一通孔114以及腹板11上的第二通孔42要刚好对应，使得固定螺栓841切换到对应的第二通孔42中，将法兰盘4重新固定到腹板11上。
根据本公开的实施例，当风力发电机运行时，根据部件装配与定位关系，通过固定螺栓841等固定连接法兰盘4和轮毂1，将定位键7插入定位键槽120中并固定，变桨电机6和减速器5以及变桨驱动齿轮30固定安装在法兰盘4上。驱动减速器5输出端的变桨驱动齿轮30与轴承内圈21的齿啮合。当需要变桨时，变桨电机6启动时，由变桨驱动齿轮30驱动轴承内圈21转动预定角度，实现叶片变桨。
在变桨轴承的轴承内圈21的啮合部位发生过度磨损时，需要变换齿圈的集中啮合区域。将风力发电机叶轮锁定，同时将轴承内圈21和轴承外圈20锁定，拆除法兰盘4与轮毂1之间的固定螺栓841，拆除定位键7，使变桨电机6通电，驱动减速器5的输出端的变桨驱动齿轮30转动。因为此时轴承内圈21锁定，变桨驱动齿轮30与轴承内圈21啮合过程中，带动法兰盘4旋转。当错开已经磨损的啮合区域后，使电机6停止，将定位键7插入到定位键槽120中，旋入锁定螺栓851，固定定位键7的位置。最后，将固定螺栓841安装到第一通孔114与法兰盘4上的第二通孔42中，实现法兰盘4的固定。
在图1-5示出的示例中，能够实现法兰盘4在预定角度范围的旋转。然而，在法兰盘4、法兰盘4上安装的电机6、以及减速器5能够自旋转一定行程并且与轮毂腹板11不干涉的情况下，也可以不在腹板11上开设豁口112，如图6和7所示，电机5和减速器5位于轮毂腹板11的径向内侧，能够实现法兰盘的360°的自由旋转并定位，从而能够在360°的角度范围内调整啮合位置。
参考图1，轴承内圈21通过固定螺栓811和螺母813与叶根连接。为了便于固定螺栓811的维护，在腹板11与固定螺栓811对应的位置上，可以开设有沿圆周方向延伸的多个长腰孔113，使得固定螺栓811向外暴露。多个长 腰孔113可沿圆周方向均布，提供叶根固定螺栓811的维护空间。维护时需要旋转轴承来露出目标维护螺栓。
根据本公开的技术方案，能够避免因轴承齿圈长期局部磨损、损坏，导致变桨轴承的更换维护情况，大大提高轴承齿圈及变桨驱动齿圈的服役寿命和可靠性。
在发生齿圈局部磨损的情况下，可以不拆除变桨电机和减速器等驱动附件，进行齿圈集中啮合区域的变换。因此，操作方便、简单、成本低。
虽然已经结合附图详细描述本公开的实施例，但是，本领域的技术人员应该理解，本公开不受这些示例性实施例的限制。在不脱离本公开精神和范围的情况下，可以对本公开进行各种形式的修改和变型，这些修改和变型将落入本公开的保护范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种用于风力发电机组的变桨机构，所述变桨机构包括变桨轴承和驱动齿轮(30)，所述变桨轴承包括固定到轮毂(1)上的轴承外圈(20)和与叶片(3)连接的轴承内圈(21)，所述轴承内圈(21)的内圆周表面上设置有齿，其特征在于，
    所述变桨机构还包括法兰盘(4)，所述法兰盘(4)安装在所述轮毂(1)上，所述驱动齿轮(30)安装在所述法兰盘(4)上并与所述轴承内圈(21)上的齿啮合，所述法兰盘(4)在所述轮毂(1)上的安装位置相对于所述轴承内圈(21)沿所述圆周方向可调，从而改变所述轴承内圈(21)与所述驱动齿轮(30)的啮合区域。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的变桨机构，其特征在于，所述轮毂(1)包括径向向内延伸的腹板(11)，所述法兰盘(4)安装在所述腹板(11)上，相对于所述变桨轴承的圆周方向，所述法兰盘(4)在所述腹板(11)上具有多个安装位置，在所述轴承内圈(21)固定的情况下，所述法兰盘(4)可旋转到所述多个安装位置中的任意一个位置。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的变桨机构，其特征在于，所述变桨机构包括径向限位结构，所述径向限位结构包括形成在所述腹板(11)上的止口(111)，所述止口(111)的内周与所述法兰盘(4)的外周相配合，限定所述法兰盘(4)的径向位置。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的变桨机构，其特征在于，在所述变桨轴承的轴向方向上，所述法兰盘(4)安装在所述腹板(11)与所述轴承内圈(21)之间。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的变桨机构，其特征在于，在所述腹板(11)上开设有多个第一通孔(114)，在所述法兰盘(4)上开设有多个第二通孔(42)，固定螺栓(841)穿过所述第一通孔(114)和第二通孔(42)，将所述法兰盘(4)紧固到所述轮毂(1)上，
    其中，所述第一通孔(114)为沿圆周方向延伸的长腰孔，一个所述第一通孔(114)使多个所述第二通孔(42)暴露。
  6. 如权利要求2所述的变桨机构，其特征在于，所述变桨机构还包括周向限位结构，用于沿圆周方向限定所述法兰盘(4)的位置，所述周向限位结构包括定位键(7)、多个第一键槽(115)和多个第二键槽(41)，
    所述第一键槽(115)开设在所述腹板(11)与法兰盘(4)相接触的表面上，所述第二键槽(41)开设在所述法兰盘(4)与所述腹板(11)相接触的表面上，在一个所述第一键槽(115)与一个所述第二键槽(41)相面对形成定位键槽(120)的情况下，所述定位键(7)能够从所述法兰盘(4)的径向内侧插入到所述定位键槽(120)中，对所述法兰盘(4)进行圆周方向的限位。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的变桨机构，其特征在于，所述变桨机构还包括定位键锁定结构，所述定位键锁定结构包括：锁定螺栓(851)、开设在所述腹板(11)上沿着轴向方向延伸并与所述第一键槽(115)连通的第一锁定孔以及在所述定位键(7)上沿轴向延伸的第二锁定孔，所述第一锁定孔与所述第二锁定孔相对应，所述锁定螺栓(851)穿过所述第一锁定孔和所述第二锁定孔，将所述定位键(7)锁定在所述定位键槽(120)中，其中，所述第二锁定孔为螺纹孔。
  8. 如权利要求2所述的变桨机构，其特征在于，所述腹板(11)上开设有豁口(112)，所述驱动齿轮(30)在所述豁口(112)对应的位置区域内与所述轴承内圈(21)啮合，所述多个安装位置设置在所述位置区域内。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的变桨机构，其特征在于，所述豁口(112)沿着变桨轴承的圆周方向延伸10°-50°的范围。
  10. 一种风力发电机组，其特征在于，所述风力发电机组包括如权利要求1-9中任一项所述的变桨机构。
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