WO2020000506A1

WO2020000506A1 - Inorganic charge transport layer, preparation method therefor and application thereof to perovskite solar cell

Info

Publication number: WO2020000506A1
Application number: PCT/CN2018/094834
Authority: WO
Inventors: 陈炜; 张沙沙; 陈伟涛
Original assignee: 华中科技大学鄂州工业技术研究院; 华中科技大学
Priority date: 2018-06-26
Filing date: 2018-07-06
Publication date: 2020-01-02
Also published as: CN110649160B; CN110649160A

Abstract

Provided by the present disclosure is a preparation method for an inorganic charge transport layer, specifically comprising: taking a nanoparticle, adding a surface modifier thereto, and obtaining a monodisperse inorganic nanoparticle having a uniform size and containing a surface modifier by using a solvothermal method or a hydrothermal reaction method, and stabilizing same in a non-polar solvent so as to obtain a formulation; and depositing the obtained formulation on a perovskite absorption layer and annealing same at high temperature under the protection of inert gas so as to obtain an inorganic charge transport layer of a target perovskite solar cell. Also provided by the present disclosure is a perovskite solar cell comprising the inorganic charge transport layer. The present method does not create pores due to agglomeration of nanoparticles; Without destroying the perovskite, most of the long-chain residual organic molecules on the surface of the inorganic nanocrystals are removed, and the remainder are in the form of amorphous carbon, which increases the density and conductivity of the charge transport layer, thereby improving the efficiency and long-term stability of the perovskite solar cell.

Description

Inorganic charge transport layer and preparation method thereof and application of perovskite solar cell

cross reference

This application claims the priority of Chinese Patent Application No. 201810671543.4, filed on June 26, 2018, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.

Technical field

The present disclosure relates to the technical field of perovskite solar cells, and particularly to an inorganic charge transport layer and a method for preparing the same, and applications of the perovskite solar cells.

Background technique

With the increasing shortage of energy, people pay more and more attention to the research of new energy, especially solar cells. Traditional silicon batteries are relatively costly, and they consume large amounts of energy and pollute during the manufacturing process. The new generation of dye-sensitized cells and organic solar cells are too inefficient and have poor stability. There are many problems.

Since the first report of the perovskite solar cell in 2009, it has been favored by researchers for its ultra-low material cost and solution preparation process. The energy conversion efficiency has increased from the original 3.8% to 22.1%. With the continuous deepening of research, the efficiency of the cell is likely to exceed the currently mature single crystal silicon solar cells. In the new generation of photovoltaic technology, perovskite solar cells are likely to take the lead in industrialization.

In terms of photoelectric conversion efficiency, perovskite solar cells have entered the threshold of industrialization, but the stability of the device constitutes the bottleneck of its industrial application. The stability of a battery device is directly related to the instability of each organic component of the device. For example, the volatilization of organic components of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite, the crystallization of organic hole transport material Spiro-OMeTAD, and sensitivity to temperature and humidity. The development of all-inorganic perovskite materials to replace organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite materials, the development of all-inorganic interface materials to replace organic interface materials, and the construction of an all-inorganic perovskite solar cell have become important development trends in this field. Among them, how to apply a solution on the surface of the perovskite thin film to form a flat and dense inorganic charge transport layer with strong charge extraction ability and high chemical stability is a huge challenge.

Nanomaterials prepared based on conventional methods are easy to agglomerate, have non-uniform dimensions, and cannot be stably dispersed in solvents. It is difficult to prepare high-quality nanocrystalline films with this material. The film surface is usually rough and there are a large number of cracks or Holes can easily cause short circuit of battery devices. The use of monodisperse, size-controllable nanoparticles is beneficial to the formation of dense films, but in order to prevent the agglomeration of the nanoparticles, a layer of long-chain organics needs to be modified on the surface of the nanoparticles, or a surfactant is added to the dispersion. It will cause a large amount of organic residues in the nanoparticle film obtained after the solution coating, resulting in poor film conductivity, which is not conducive to the extraction and transmission of charge, resulting in low battery device efficiency. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt a suitable scheme to prepare a high-quality inorganic charge transport layer on the surface of perovskite. Without affecting the properties of the perovskite thin film, reduce the hole and defect of the thin film, improve the conductivity of the thin film, and realize the efficiency and stability of the device. Sexual improvement.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of the present disclosure is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide an inorganic charge transport layer and a method for preparing the same. The method solves that there will be a large amount of organic residues in the nanoparticle film, the film has poor conductivity, and is not conducive to the extraction of charges. And transmission, causing a problem that the efficiency of the battery device is very low. The inorganic charge transport layer reduces the holes and defects of the thin film, improves the conductivity of the thin film, and improves the efficiency and stability of the device. The present disclosure also provides a perovskite solar cell including the inorganic charge transport layer, which removes most of the long organic chain residues on the surface of the inorganic nanocrystals, and the remaining is in the form of amorphous carbon, which improves the density and conductivity of the charge transport layer. Rate, which greatly improves the efficiency and stability of perovskite.

This disclosure is implemented as follows:

One of the objectives of the present disclosure is to provide a method for preparing an inorganic charge transport layer, which specifically includes the following steps:

Step 1. Take nanoparticles, add surface modifiers, and use solvothermal or hydrothermal reaction methods to obtain monodisperse inorganic nanoparticles with uniform size and surface modifiers, and then stably disperse the monodisperse inorganic nanoparticles in nonpolar Solvent, to obtain the formulation;

Step 2. Deposit the formulation obtained in step 1 on the perovskite absorption layer, and anneal it at a high temperature under the protection of an inert gas to obtain the inorganic charge transport layer of the target perovskite solar cell.

Specifically, when the inorganic charge transport layer is an electron transport layer, the nanoparticles are n-type semiconductors and composite or doped compounds thereof, including TiO ₂ , SnO ₂ , In ₂ O ₃ , ZnO, CeO ₂ , CdS, At least one of ZnS.

Specifically, when the inorganic charge transport layer is a hole transport layer, the nanoparticles are p-type semiconductors and their composite or doped compounds, including NiO, Cu ₂ O, CuCrO ₂ , CuGaO ₂ , MoO ₃ , and WO ₃ At least one of.

Preferably, the non-polar solvent includes any one of toluene, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, n-hexane, and diethyl ether, and the concentration of the non-polar solvent is 5-200 mg / mL.

Preferably, the surface modifier includes any one of oleic acid, stearic acid, oleylamine, dodecylamine, tetradecylamine, hexadecylamine, and octadecylamine.

Preferably, the size of the nanoparticles is 1-50 nm.

Preferably, the inert gas includes any one of argon and nitrogen;

Preferably, the annealing temperature is 150 to 550 ° C, and the annealing time is 1 minute to 10 hours.

Another object of the present disclosure is to provide an inorganic charge transport layer prepared by the method.

A third object of the present disclosure is to provide a perovskite solar cell including the inorganic charge transport layer, which includes a substrate, a transparent conductive electrode, a first transmission layer, and a perovskite absorption layer, which are sequentially and connected from bottom to top. , A second transport layer, and a metal electrode, the first transport layer and the second transport layer are respectively a hole transport layer and an electron transport layer, or the first transport layer and the second transport layer are an electron transport layer and an air transport layer, respectively. A hole transport layer, and the second transport layer is the inorganic charge transport layer.

Preferably, the first transport layer is also the inorganic charge transport layer, and a preparation method thereof is as follows: the formulation used in the method for preparing the inorganic charge transport layer is deposited on a transparent conductive electrode and annealed at high temperature.

Preferably, the perovskite absorption layer is inorganic perovskite, and its chemical molecular formula is ABX ₃ , the A, B, and X-position elements are all inorganic chemical elements, and the A-site element is Cs, Rb, K At least one element, the B-site element is at least one of Pb, Sn, Bi, Sr, Ca, and Ba, and the X-site element is at least one of Cl, Br, and I.

The beneficial effects of this disclosure are:

1. The method for preparing an inorganic charge transport layer provided by the present disclosure. Compared with the prior art, the present disclosure prepares a flat and dense layer by depositing monodisperse inorganic charge transport material nanoparticles and then annealing them in an inert atmosphere. Inorganic charge transport layer thin film with high conductivity, the method is simple and practical; on the one hand, it will not cause pores due to the agglomeration of nanoparticles; on the other hand, it will not remove most of the long organic residual chains on the surface of the inorganic nanocrystals while destroying the perovskite. It exists in the form of amorphous carbon and improves the conductivity and chemical stability of the charge transport layer, thereby greatly improving the efficiency and long-term stability of the perovskite solar cell; the perovskite solar energy including the inorganic charge transport layer provided by the present disclosure When the active active area of the battery is 1 cm ² , when Ag is used as a metal electrode, its photoelectric conversion efficiency is above 12%, and the thermal stability is greatly improved. Under nitrogen and 85 ° C dark storage conditions, the device is at 500 After hours, its photoelectric conversion efficiency can still be maintained above 90% of its initial efficiency; the preparation method provided by the present disclosure Preparation process is simple, low cost, suitable for a wide range of promotion.

2. The method for preparing the inorganic charge transport layer provided by the present disclosure has certain universality, and it is suitable for a variety of oxides (TiO ₂ , SnO ₂ , In ₂ O ₃ , ZnO, CeO ₂ ) and a variety of sulfides (CdS , ZnS) and its doped or composite compounds are applicable. By selecting an inorganic interface charge transport material that matches the energy level of the perovskite layer, the open circuit voltage, short circuit current, and photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell can be improved.

3. The inorganic nano-materials used in this disclosure are cheap and the cost of the solution coating process is low. These factors greatly reduce the cost of perovskite solar cells.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a perovskite solar cell according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; wherein 1. a substrate; 2. a transparent conductive electrode; 3. a first transmission layer; 4. a perovskite absorption layer; 5. a second transmission layer ; 6, metal electrodes;

Figure 2 is an optical photograph and a transmission electron microscope (TEM) picture of several monodisperse inorganic nanoparticle solutions;

Figure 3 is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) of several inorganic nanoparticle films; (A) is a scanning electron microscope (SEM); (B) is an X-ray diffraction (XRD) ;

4 is an X-ray photoelectron spectrum (XPS) of a TiO ₂ / amorphous carbon composite film;

5 is a device cross section of an all-inorganic perovskite solar cell based on a TiO ₂ electron transport layer provided in Embodiment 5 of the present disclosure;

6 is a “photocurrent density-voltage” output characteristic curve of an all-inorganic perovskite solar cell based on a TiO ₂ electron transport layer provided in Embodiment 5 of the present disclosure;

FIG. 7 is a test result of the light stability and thermal stability of the perovskite solar cell provided in Example 5 of the present disclosure; wherein a is a thermal stability test, and the test conditions are: unpackaged device, anhydrous nitrogen Environment, 85 ° C, dark state; Figure b shows the light stability test. The test conditions are as follows: unpackaged device, water and oxygen-free nitrogen environment, room temperature, and continuous light at the maximum power point.

detailed description

1. An inorganic charge transport layer and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method specifically includes the following steps:

Step 1. Use a solvothermal method or a hydrothermal reaction method to obtain monodisperse inorganic nanoparticles with uniform size and containing a surface modifier (usually a long alkyl chain organic amine or organic acid), and then stabilize the monodisperse inorganic nanoparticles. Disperse in toluene with a concentration of 5-200 mg / mL to obtain a formulation;

When the inorganic charge transport layer is an electron transport layer, the nanoparticles are n-type semiconductors and composite or doped compounds thereof, including TiO ₂ , SnO ₂ , In ₂ O ₃ , ZnO, CeO ₂ , CdS, and ZnS. At least one of.

When the inorganic charge transport layer is a hole transport layer, the nanoparticles are p-type semiconductors and composite or doped compounds thereof, including at least one of NiO, Cu ₂ O, CuCrO ₂ , CuGaO ₂ , MoO ₃ , and WO ₃ . One.

Figure 2 is an optical and transmission electron microscope (TEM) picture of several monodisperse inorganic nanoparticle solutions. It can be seen from FIG. 2 that the inorganic nanoparticle solution is a transparent monodisperse solution, and the crystal grain size is uniform, about 5-15 nm.

Step 2. Deposit the formulation obtained in step 1 on the perovskite absorption layer, and perform high-temperature annealing under the protection of an inert gas argon. The annealing temperature is 150 to 550 ° C, and the annealing time is 1 minute to 10 hours. An inorganic charge transport layer of the target perovskite solar cell was obtained.

2. Perovskite solar cells and their preparation

As shown in FIG. 1, the perovskite solar cell includes a glass substrate 1, a transparent conductive electrode 2, a first transmission layer 3, a perovskite absorption layer 4, and a second transmission layer 5, which are sequentially and connected from bottom to top. And metal electrode 6, the first transport layer 3 and the second transport layer 5 are respectively a hole transport layer and an electron transport layer, or the first transport layer 3 and the second transport layer 5 are an electron transport layer and an air transport layer, respectively. A hole transport layer, and the second transport layer 5 is the inorganic charge transport layer. Wherein, the second transport layer 5 is a flat and dense inorganic charge transport layer thin film prepared by depositing monodisperse inorganic charge transport material nanoparticles, and then annealing them in an inert atmosphere. Particle agglomeration causes pores; on the other hand, most of the long organic chains on the surface of the inorganic nanocrystals are removed without destroying the perovskite, and the remaining is in the form of amorphous carbon, which improves the electrical conductivity and chemical stability of the charge transport layer. Thereby greatly improving the efficiency and long-term stability of the perovskite solar cell.

That includes two cases:

Embodiment 1 (first case): a glass substrate 1, a transparent conductive electrode 2, a hole transport layer, a perovskite absorption layer 4, an inorganic electron transport layer, and a metal electrode 6 which are sequentially arranged and connected from bottom to top; The electron transport layer is an inorganic transport layer, and the nanoparticles used are n-type semiconductors and composite or doped compounds thereof, including at least one of TiO ₂ , SnO ₂ , In ₂ O ₃ , ZnO, CeO ₂ , CdS, and ZnS. .

Embodiment 2 (the second case): a glass substrate 1, a transparent conductive electrode 2, an inorganic electron transport layer, a perovskite absorption layer 4, an inorganic hole transport layer, and a metal electrode 6 are sequentially arranged and connected from bottom to top; The hole transport layer is an inorganic transport layer, and the nanoparticles used are p-type semiconductors and composite or doped compounds thereof, including at least one of NiO, Cu ₂ O, CuCrO ₂ , CuGaO ₂ , MoO ₃ , and WO ₃ . .

Preferably, the first transport layer is further changed to an inorganic charge transport layer. The preparation method is as follows: the formulation in the method for preparing the inorganic charge transport layer is deposited on a transparent conductive electrode, and is obtained by high temperature annealing (specifically, Annealing conditions are the same as above). The third and fourth situations occur:

Embodiment 3 (third case): a glass substrate 1, a transparent conductive electrode 2, an inorganic hole transporting layer, a perovskite absorption layer 4, an inorganic electron transporting layer, and a metal electrode 6 arranged in order from bottom to top and connected to each other;

Embodiment 4 (fourth case): a glass substrate 1, a transparent conductive electrode 2, an inorganic electron transport layer, a perovskite absorption layer 4, an inorganic hole transport layer, and a metal electrode 6 are sequentially arranged and connected from bottom to top;

Preferably, the perovskite absorption layer is inorganic perovskite, and its chemical molecular formula is ABX3, the A, B, and X-position elements are all inorganic chemical elements, and the A-site element is Cs, Rb, K At least one, the B-site element is at least one of Pb, Sn, Bi, Sr, Ca, and Ba, and the X-site element is at least one of Cl, Br, and I. Due to the high crystallization temperature of the inorganic perovskite, the high temperature annealing process does not cause thermal decomposition of the perovskite, and the annealing process is performed in an inert atmosphere without causing chemical changes in the perovskite. Due to the small particle size, high dispersion without any agglomeration, the deposited film is uniform and dense, and has no holes, thereby improving the efficiency and stability of the all-inorganic perovskite solar cell.

Here we focus on Example 5 (fifth case), that is, a glass substrate 1, a transparent conductive electrode 2, an inorganic hole transport layer, an inorganic perovskite absorption layer 4, and an inorganic electron, which are arranged and connected in order from bottom to top. Transmission layer and metal electrode 6; is an all-inorganic perovskite solar cell;

Or Embodiment 6 (sixth case), the electron transport layer and the hole transport layer are reversed, that is, a glass substrate 1, a transparent conductive electrode 2, an inorganic electron transport layer, and an inorganic perovskite, which are sequentially arranged and connected from bottom to top. Absorptive layer 4, inorganic hole transport layer and metal electrode 6; is an all-inorganic perovskite solar cell;

When the inorganic perovskite solar cell of Example 5 (the fifth case) is prepared, it is prepared as follows:

(1) An inorganic hole transport layer is provided on the upper surface of the transparent conductive electrode 2 provided with a glass substrate 1. A monodispersed NiO nanoparticle solution is used. The particle size is 1-50 nm and the concentration is 5-200 mg / mL. Coating, doctor blade coating or slit coating are deposited on the surface of transparent conductive glass. Then it is annealed at a high temperature in an inert atmosphere, such as argon or nitrogen. The annealing temperature is 150-550 ° C, and the annealing time is 1min-10h.

(2) An inorganic perovskite absorbing layer 4 is provided on the upper surface of the inorganic hole transporting layer. The above preparation method can adopt a conventional conventional coating method, such as spin coating, doctor blade coating, or slit coating.

(3) On the inorganic perovskite layer, a monodispersed TiO ₂ nanoparticle solution is used, with a particle size of 1-50 nm and a concentration of 5-200 mg / mL, which is deposited by spin coating, doctor blade coating or slit coating, etc. Transparent conductive glass / charge transport layer / inorganic perovskite surface. It is then annealed at a high temperature in an inert atmosphere, such as argon or nitrogen. The annealing temperature is 150-550 ° C, and the annealing time is 1min-10h, in order to remove the residual organic long chains on the surface of the nanoparticles and improve the conductivity of the transmission layer. Finally, a uniform and dense TiO ₂ / amorphous carbon composite electron transport layer with a thickness of 20-200 nm is obtained.

(4) A high-conductivity metal electrode 6 such as Au, Ag, Al is vapor-deposited on the TiO ₂ / amorphous carbon composite electron transport layer.

5 is a device cross section of an inorganic perovskite solar cell (an all-inorganic perovskite solar cell based on a TiO ₂ electron transport layer) of Example 5 (a fifth case). It can be seen from FIG. 5 that the prepared TiO ₂ electron transport layer is a uniform and dense film.

Experimental Example 1 Performance measurement of inorganic charge transport layer (i.e., inorganic nanoparticle film)

Figure 3 is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) image of several inorganic nanoparticle films. From the scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of (A) in FIG. 3, it can be seen that the phase of the inorganic nanoparticles is pure and free of impurities, the surface of the film is flat, and the covering is complete without holes. It can be seen from the X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) in FIG. 3 (B) that there is no crystalline carbon, indicating that the cracked carbon exists in an amorphous form.

FIG. 4 is an X-ray photoelectron spectrum (XPS) of a TiO ₂ / amorphous carbon composite film. The carbon atomic percentage is 36.72%, which proves that the film is a composite film of TiO ₂ and C; it indicates that the long-chain organics coated on the surface of the nanoparticles are cracked into amorphous amorphous carbon after annealing and form inorganic nanocrystals with inorganic nanocrystals / Amorphous carbon hybrid inorganic charge transport material.

Experimental Example 2 Detection of the "photocurrent density-voltage" output characteristic curve of the perovskite solar cell of Example 5

Fig. 6 is a graph showing the "photocurrent density-voltage" output characteristic of an all-inorganic perovskite solar cell based on a TiO ₂ electron transport layer.

The short-circuit current of the battery is 14.1 mA cm ^-2 , the open-circuit voltage is 1.18 V, the fill factor is 0.77, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency is 12.82%. The battery area is determined by the optical mask to be 1 cm ² , and the output light intensity of the 3A-level solar simulator is 100 mW / cm ² .

Table 1

From the characteristic curve of FIG. 6 and Table 1, it can be obtained that the efficiency of the ordinary perovskite solar cell of the control group is 9.84%, and the other active layers of the control group are completely the same as those of Example 5. Only the electron transporting layer uses fullerene (C ₆₀ ) The material replaces TiO ₂ ; the perovskite solar cell of Example 5 of the present disclosure is 12.82%. It is explained that the all-inorganic perovskite solar cell prepared in this embodiment does not destroy the perovskite, and at the same time removes most of the long organic chain residues on the surface of the inorganic nanocrystals, and the remaining is in the form of amorphous carbon, which improves the conductivity of the charge transport layer, thereby Greatly improve the efficiency of perovskite solar cells.

Experimental Example 3 Test of Photostability and Thermal Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells of Example 5

FIG. 7 is the test results of light stability and thermal stability of an all-inorganic perovskite solar cell. The all-inorganic perovskite solar cell adopts FTO / NiO / CsPbI ₂ Br / TiO ₂ / Au structure. The lighting stability test conditions are: unpackaged device, water and oxygen-free nitrogen environment, room temperature, continuous light at the maximum power point. The thermal stability test conditions are: unpackaged device, water and oxygen-free nitrogen environment, 85 ° C, dark state.

The experimental results show that the all-inorganic perovskite solar cell provided in Example 5 has good light stability and thermal stability. After 500 hours of light aging, the device efficiency remains 90% of the initial value, and after 500 hours of thermal aging, the device efficiency Maintaining 90% of the initial value greatly improves practicability. It is shown that the preparation method of the inorganic charge transport layer provided by the present disclosure can remove most of the long organic chain residues on the surface of the inorganic nanocrystals without destroying the perovskite, and the remaining is in the form of amorphous carbon, which improves the chemical stability of the charge transport layer. Thereby greatly improving the efficiency and long-term stability of the perovskite solar cell.

The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present disclosure, and are not intended to limit the present disclosure. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principles of the present disclosure shall be included in the present disclosure. Within the scope of protection.

Claims

A method for preparing an inorganic charge transport layer is characterized in that it specifically includes the following steps:

Step 1. Take nanoparticles, add surface modifiers, and obtain monodisperse inorganic nanoparticles containing surface modifiers by solvothermal method or hydrothermal reaction method, and then stably disperse the monodisperse inorganic nanoparticles in a non-polar solvent. To get the formulation;

Step 2. Deposit the formulation obtained in step 1 on the perovskite absorption layer, and anneal it at a high temperature under the protection of an inert gas to obtain the inorganic charge transport layer of the target perovskite solar cell.
The method for preparing an inorganic charge transport layer according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1, when the inorganic charge transport layer is an electron transport layer, the nanoparticles are n-type semiconductors and composite or doped semiconductors thereof. The hetero compound includes at least one of TiO 2 , SnO 2 , In 2 O 3 , ZnO, CeO 2 , CdS, and ZnS.
The method for preparing an inorganic charge transport layer according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1, when the inorganic charge transport layer is a hole transport layer, the nanoparticles are a p-type semiconductor and a composite or The doping compound includes at least one of NiO, Cu 2 O, CuCrO 2 , CuGaO 2 , MoO 3 , and WO 3 .
The method of claim 1, wherein the size of the nanoparticles is 1-50 nm.
The method for preparing an inorganic charge transport layer according to claim 1, wherein the non-polar solvent in step 1 comprises any one of toluene, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, n-hexane, and ether, and The non-polar solvent has a concentration of 5-200 mg / mL; the surface modifier includes any one of oleic acid, stearic acid, oleylamine, dodecylamine, tetradecylamine, hexadecylamine, and octadecylamine .
The method for preparing an inorganic charge transport layer according to claim 1, wherein the inert gas in the step 2 comprises any one of argon and nitrogen; the annealing temperature is 150 to 550 ° C, and the annealing time is 1 minute. ~ 10 hours.
An inorganic charge transport layer prepared by the method according to any one of claims 1-6.
A perovskite solar cell comprising the inorganic charge transport layer according to claim 7, characterized in that it comprises a substrate, a transparent conductive electrode, a first transport layer, and a perovskite absorption, which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top and connected to each other. Layer, a second transport layer and a metal electrode, the first transport layer and the second transport layer are respectively a hole transport layer and an electron transport layer, or the first transport layer and the second transport layer are an electron transport layer, The hole transport layer, and the second transport layer is the inorganic charge transport layer according to claim 7.
The perovskite solar cell according to claim 8, wherein the preparation method of the first transmission layer is: depositing the formulation used in the preparation method of any one of claims 1-6 on a transparent conductive material The electrode is annealed at high temperature.
The perovskite solar cell according to claim 8, wherein the perovskite absorption layer is inorganic perovskite, and its chemical molecular formula is ABX 3 , and the elements at the A, B, and X positions are all inorganic chemistry Element, the A-site element is at least one of Cs, Rb, K, the B-site element is at least one of Pb, Sn, Bi, Sr, Ca, Ba, and the X-site element is Cl, At least one of Br, I.