WO2019246059A1 - Composition de carburant à base de fraction légère pour moteurs à allumage par compression - Google Patents

Composition de carburant à base de fraction légère pour moteurs à allumage par compression Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019246059A1
WO2019246059A1 PCT/US2019/037678 US2019037678W WO2019246059A1 WO 2019246059 A1 WO2019246059 A1 WO 2019246059A1 US 2019037678 W US2019037678 W US 2019037678W WO 2019246059 A1 WO2019246059 A1 WO 2019246059A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fuel composition
light fraction
straight run
heavy naphtha
commercial diesel
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2019/037678
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Vittorio Manente
Original Assignee
Saudi Arabian Oil Company
Aramco Services Company
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Saudi Arabian Oil Company, Aramco Services Company filed Critical Saudi Arabian Oil Company
Priority to EP19735092.9A priority Critical patent/EP3810730A1/fr
Priority to CN201980035001.0A priority patent/CN112218935A/zh
Priority to JP2020566579A priority patent/JP2021528511A/ja
Publication of WO2019246059A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019246059A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C10L1/23—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one nitrogen-to-oxygen bond, e.g. nitro-compounds, nitrates, nitrites
    • C10L1/231—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one nitrogen-to-oxygen bond, e.g. nitro-compounds, nitrates, nitrites nitro compounds; nitrates; nitrites
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G7/00—Distillation of hydrocarbon oils
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/182—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
    • C10L1/1822—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10L1/1824—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms mono-hydroxy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C10L10/02—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing smoke development
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
    • C10G2300/20—Characteristics of the feedstock or the products
    • C10G2300/30—Physical properties of feedstocks or products
    • C10G2300/307—Cetane number, cetane index
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/04—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
    • C10L1/08—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for compression ignition
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/16—Hydrocarbons
    • C10L1/1616—Hydrocarbons fractions, e.g. lubricants, solvents, naphta, bitumen, tars, terpentine
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2200/00—Components of fuel compositions
    • C10L2200/04—Organic compounds
    • C10L2200/0407—Specifically defined hydrocarbon fractions as obtained from, e.g. a distillation column
    • C10L2200/0415—Light distillates, e.g. LPG, naphtha
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2200/00—Components of fuel compositions
    • C10L2200/04—Organic compounds
    • C10L2200/0407—Specifically defined hydrocarbon fractions as obtained from, e.g. a distillation column
    • C10L2200/0438—Middle or heavy distillates, heating oil, gasoil, marine fuels, residua
    • C10L2200/0446—Diesel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2270/00—Specifically adapted fuels
    • C10L2270/02—Specifically adapted fuels for internal combustion engines
    • C10L2270/026—Specifically adapted fuels for internal combustion engines for diesel engines, e.g. automobiles, stationary, marine

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to petroleum-based fuels, and in particular, relates to a light-fraction based fuel composition for compression ignited engines.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a light fraction fuel composition for compression-ignited engines that comprises about 25 v/v% to about 50 v/v% commercial diesel fuel; about 40 v/v% to about 69 v/v% straight run heavy naphtha about 5 v/v% to about 10 v/v% n-butanol; and about 0.2 v/v% to about 1.7 v/v% 2-Ethylhexyl nitrate.
  • the relative percentages of commercial diesel fuel and straight run heavy naphtha are controlled to obtain a cetane number of at least 51 for a selected engine, and the relative percentages of commercial diesel fuel and straight run heavy naphtha are controlled to obtain a Reid vapor pressure in a range of about 7.28 PSI and about 10.88 PSI for a selected engine.
  • the relative percentages of commercial diesel fuel and straight run heavy naphtha are controlled to obtain a boiling point range of about 30C (initial) to about 350C (final).
  • the light fraction fuel composition includes about 26 v/v% commercial diesel, about 68 v/v% straight run heavy naphtha, about 5 v/v% n-butanol and about 1.0 % 2-Ethylhexyl nitrate.
  • the light fraction fuel composition includes about 45 v/v% commercial diesel, about 49 v/v% straight run heavy naphtha, about 5 v/v% n-butanol and about 1.0 % 2-Ethylhexyl nitrate.
  • the light fraction fuel composition for compression-ignited engines comprises about 0 v/v% to about 50 v/v% commercial diesel fuel; about 40 v/v% to about 95 v/v% straight run heavy naphtha about 5 v/v% to about 10 v/v% n-butanol; and about 0.2 v/v% to about 1.7 v/v% 2-Ethylhexyl nitrate.
  • FIG. 1 is a graph showing a relationship between viscosity and the percentage of light fraction in the fuel composition.
  • FIG. 2 is a graph showing the evaporated volume fraction by distillation temperature for the three fuel variants.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a fuel composition for compression ignition engines that includes about 40 volume percent (v/v%) to about 94 v/v% straight run heavy naphtha (referred to as the “light fraction”), about 0 v/v% to about 50 v/v% commercial diesel fuel, about 5 v/v% to about 10 v/v% n-butanol, and about 0.2 v/v% to about 1.7 v/v% 2-EHN (2-ethylhexyl nitrate). Fuel variants having different blends within these ranges were tested on conventional Cl engines. Through these tests it has been determined that blends of light fraction with commercial diesel can be used as drop-in replacements for commercial diesel that yield reduced carbon dioxide and soot emissions.
  • straight run naphtha has higher LHV (lower heating value) and a higher hydrogen to carbon ratio (H/C) than commercial diesel fuel
  • H/C hydrogen to carbon ratio
  • straight run naphtha has a lower polyaromatic hydrocarbon content than commercial diesel fuel.
  • polyaromatic hydrocarbons are often soot (smoke) precursors, by reducing their content, it is possible to decrease the smoke out of the engine without altering emissions of NOx, HC and CO.
  • testing has shown that variants of the novel fuel met targeted specifications without sacrificing any of the desired properties required for a drop-in fuel for compression-ignition engines.
  • the light fraction fuel composition of the present invention provides economic benefits in terms of improved refinery margins.
  • FIG. 1 is a graph showing a relationship between viscosity and the percentage of light fraction in the fuel composition.
  • FIG. 1 is a graph showing the evaporated volume fraction by distillation temperature for the three variants.
  • This graph shows that the greater fraction of diesel present, the greater fraction remains unevaporated over the 50 to 300 °C span. For example, at 200 °C, approximately 50 percent of GD50 (variant with the highest diesel percentage) evaporates, whereas, at the same temperature, all of the GD100 evaporates, and approximately 80 percent of GD75 evaporates. This can be explained by the fact that the lighter straight-run naphtha component evaporates at lower temperatures than the heavier diesel component. Table I lists the main properties of the three tested fuel variants.
  • Table II lists the minimal and maximal values (range) of properties across the three tested fuel variants. Any final blend formulation within the ranges set forth below will be engine-specific and depend on the experimental performance and durability of the fuel injection system of the specific engine type.
  • Table III lists experimental emission results of tests performed on the Volvo MD11 compression ignition engine in terms of relative variation from a 100% diesel baseline.
  • the Volvo tests included both drop-in replacement tests, and tests performed using optimized injection settings in order to understand the potential of the fuel variants.
  • a notable feature of the results of the Volvo engine tests is that when light fraction is blended with commercial diesel as a drop-in replacement without optimization, NO x emissions decrease but soot emissions increase and efficiency slightly decreases for all variants. However, when injection settings are optimized, NOx emissions are largely unchanged, while soot emissions markedly decrease and efficiency marginally increases, particularly for GD75 and GD100. These results show that soot emissions can be reduced at approximately constant NO x and efficiency.
  • Table IV lists experimental emission results of tests performed om the Cummins ISX 15 compression ignition engine, in this case listing both absolute values and relative variation from a 100% diesel baseline.
  • the test results on the Cummins engine with the higher light fraction percentage-fuels (GD100, GD75) indicate that C02 emissions decrease 3.25-4.25%, and soot decreases more markedly between 27-45%, at approximately constant NOx and efficiency. Accordingly, the fuel composition of the present invention can be seen as a significant improvement over commercial diesel in terms of emission reduction.
  • Fuel variants according to the present invention can provide global and local pollutant reduction without requiring software modifications while leveraging existing diesel engine hardware. It is believed that in certain implementations, adjustments can be made to certain diesel equipment to better accommodate the novel formulation. For example, the caps of diesel tanks can be modified to be airtight, and additional mechanisms can be employed to balance the pressure inside the tank.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une composition de carburant à fraction légère pour moteurs à allumage par compression. Ladite composition comprend environ 25 v/v % à environ 50 v/v % de carburant diesel commercial; environ 40 v/v % à environ 69 v/v % de naphta lourd de distillation directe; environ 5 v/v à environ 10 v/v % de n-butanol; et environ 0,2 v/v % à environ 1,7 v/v % de nitrate de 2-éthylhexyle. Les pourcentages relatifs de carburant diesel commercial et de naphta lourd de distillation directe sont contrôlés pour obtenir un indice de cétane d'au moins 51 pour un moteur sélectionné.
PCT/US2019/037678 2018-06-20 2019-06-18 Composition de carburant à base de fraction légère pour moteurs à allumage par compression WO2019246059A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19735092.9A EP3810730A1 (fr) 2018-06-20 2019-06-18 Composition de carburant à base de fraction légère pour moteurs à allumage par compression
CN201980035001.0A CN112218935A (zh) 2018-06-20 2019-06-18 用于压缩点火式发动机的基于轻质馏分的燃料组合物
JP2020566579A JP2021528511A (ja) 2018-06-20 2019-06-18 圧縮点火エンジンのための軽質留分系燃料組成物

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US16/013,334 US20190390127A1 (en) 2018-06-20 2018-06-20 Light-fraction based fuel composition for compression ignited engines
US16/013,334 2018-06-20

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2019246059A1 true WO2019246059A1 (fr) 2019-12-26

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PCT/US2019/037678 WO2019246059A1 (fr) 2018-06-20 2019-06-18 Composition de carburant à base de fraction légère pour moteurs à allumage par compression

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US (1) US20190390127A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP3810730A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2021528511A (fr)
CN (1) CN112218935A (fr)
WO (1) WO2019246059A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11365364B2 (en) * 2020-10-07 2022-06-21 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Drop-in fuel for reducing emissions in compression-ignited engines

Citations (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2000060029A1 (fr) * 1999-04-06 2000-10-12 Sasol Technology (Pty) Ltd Procede de production d'un combustible de naphte synthetique, et combustible de naphte synthetique obtenu par ce procede
EP3088495A1 (fr) * 2015-04-28 2016-11-02 United Initiators GmbH & Co. KG Utilisation d'un additif destiné à un carburant diesel pour éliminer les dépôts dans un moteur diesel

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JP4896652B2 (ja) * 2006-10-05 2012-03-14 コスモ石油株式会社 圧縮自己着火エンジン用燃料油組成物
JP5178253B2 (ja) * 2008-03-13 2013-04-10 Ｊｘ日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 予混合圧縮自己着火式エンジン用燃料
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WO2000060029A1 (fr) * 1999-04-06 2000-10-12 Sasol Technology (Pty) Ltd Procede de production d'un combustible de naphte synthetique, et combustible de naphte synthetique obtenu par ce procede
EP3088495A1 (fr) * 2015-04-28 2016-11-02 United Initiators GmbH & Co. KG Utilisation d'un additif destiné à un carburant diesel pour éliminer les dépôts dans un moteur diesel

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JONG LEE ET AL: "Emission Performance of Low Cetane Naphtha as Drop-In Fuel on a Multi-Cylinder Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine and Aftertreatment System", SAE TECHNICAL PAPER SERIES, vol. 1, 4 April 2017 (2017-04-04), US, XP055610546, ISSN: 0148-7191, DOI: 10.4271/2017-01-1000 *
JUNSEOK CHANG ET AL: "Vehicle Demonstration of Naphtha Fuel Achieving Both High Efficiency and Drivability with EURO6 Engine-Out NOx Emission", SAE INT. J. ENGINES, vol. 6, no. 1, 8 April 2013 (2013-04-08), pages 101 - 119, XP055610550, ISSN: 1946-3944, DOI: 10.4271/2013-01-0267 *
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Publication number Publication date
EP3810730A1 (fr) 2021-04-28
US20190390127A1 (en) 2019-12-26
CN112218935A (zh) 2021-01-12
JP2021528511A (ja) 2021-10-21

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