WO2019243190A1

WO2019243190A1 - Garment and use of a textile surface material with yarns having a low twist coefficient for producing thermally and/or electrically insulating clothing and/or cut protection clothing

Info

Publication number: WO2019243190A1
Application number: PCT/EP2019/065692
Authority: WO
Inventors: Andreas Merkel
Original assignee: Gebrüder Otto Baumwollfeinzwirnerei GmbH & Co. KG
Priority date: 2018-06-19
Filing date: 2019-06-14
Publication date: 2019-12-26
Also published as: DE102018004982A1

Abstract

The invention relates to the use of a textile surface material, comprising staple fiber yarns (10, 20) having a very low twist coefficient spin alpha of 0-10 for producing thermally and/or electrically insulating clothing or cut protection clothing, in particular working protective clothing or sports clothing. Due to the particular pore size distribution, such clothing has particularly good heat transfer resistances and water vapor transfer resistances.

Description

CLOTHING AND USE OF A TEXTILE SURFACE MATERIAL WITH YARNS WITH A LOW ROTATIONAL VALUE FOR PRODUCING THERMAL AND / OR ELECTRICALLY INSULATING CLOTHING

AND / OR CUT PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

description

The invention relates to the use of a textile surface material for the production of thermally insulating clothing, and / or electrically insulating clothing and / or cut protection clothing, and a garment comprising the textile surface material.

Thermal and electrically insulating clothing is used for a variety of applications. For example, we are looking for breathable, thermally insulating materials for sportswear and for so-called “outdoor” clothing. For certain professions, e.g. B. fire brigades, rescue services, the military, as well as for certain applications in, for example, the chemical industry, "personal protective equipment" (PPE) is required, which corresponds to its thermal or electrical insulation certain requirements. A typical clothing structure in the exemplary professional groups of fire brigades, emergency services, the military and in industrial applications is the use of thermally insulating and protective underwear (base layer) as well as correspondingly certified, often multi-layered outer clothing. The protective effects of underwear and outerwear add up to the overall thermal insulation effect. In addition, there is an application-specific requirement for arcing fault safety in this PPE area. Conversely, all national and international standards from the PPE area (Personal Protection Equipment) are based on a high required thermal (and electrical) insulation effect of the textiles used to protect the wearer of these textiles.

The construction of such protective equipment often includes multi-layer textile materials. From the utility model DE 202 14 1 18 U1, for example, a textile material for forming workwear items for protection against the effects of heat, flames and arcs is known, the textile material comprising at least two separate warp and weft thread systems having fabric layers which interlock and are connected , When exposed to heat, air-filled hollow chambers form between the two fabric layers, which provide thermal insulation. Such a textile has a complicated structure and requires several layers. Cut-resistant clothing often has a high level of stiffness that prevents it from being comfortable. Furthermore, several layers of different textile materials are often combined in order to produce cut protection clothing which on the one hand has a high cut resistance but on the other hand is also comfortable to wear. The utility model DE 20 2005 008 041 U1 describes an inner lining for gloves, for example, which can be combined with other textile layers in order to produce cut-resistant gloves which are also more comfortable to wear. Multilayer textile structures of this type have a complicated structure.

The invention has for its object to provide a thermally insulating protective clothing, electrically insulating protective clothing or cut protection clothing that offers protection against the effects of heat, flames and arcs as well as cuts or serves as sports clothing, and in a particularly simple manner, a thermal insulation effect, electrical Isolation effect or cut protection effect unfolds.

This object is achieved according to the invention by using a textile surface material for the production of protective work clothing or sports clothing according to claim 1. Further advantageous embodiments of the use, and a garment with the textile surface material are the subject of further claims.

The invention therefore relates to the use of a textile surface material comprising or consisting of staple fiber yarns with a very low twist factor of 0 to 10 for the production of thermally and / or electrically insulating clothing and / or cut protection clothing, in particular protective clothing or sports clothing.

Due to the particularly low twist factor of the fibers, textile surface materials with a high macroporosity and a changed pore size distribution compared to conventional textile materials result, in which air inclusions form particularly well in the textile material.

In the case of textile materials, a distinction is usually made between the following types of pores:

(a) micropores, e.g. B. inside fibers,

(b) macropores, e.g. B. between fibers or individual filaments,

(c) Mesopores, e.g. B. between yarns, and

(d) Gigapores between surfaces or layers of clothing. In the case of conventional textile materials, the classic fiber yarns used are made from fibers with a high twist of values typically between 60 and 140, according to the spinning formula: twist / m = (spinning) alpha (metr.) X (Nm) ^1/2 , the Fibers twist helically in the yarn. In these conventional materials, the mesopores dominate the textile material, the porosity and the average pore size being relatively large. Such materials only form to a minor extent the air pockets necessary for thermal and / or electrical insulation.

Due to the very low yarn twist of spinnalphametric 0 to 10, the textile materials used according to the invention have a high porosity with a high proportion of macropores (with a reduced average pore size and lower mesoporosity), while at the same time the very low twist ensures optimal fiber-fiber friction in the In the longitudinal direction, this results in high strength and significantly improved bulging properties for the textile backing. With these materials, the fibers in the yarn are arranged parallel or almost parallel. Because of the air volume enclosed in the textile, it is particularly easy to produce garments with a thermal and / or electrical insulating effect from the textile surface materials used according to the invention, which have an increased thermal resistance R _C T compared to conventional textile materials. In particular, this can be up to 30% higher than the corresponding value for conventional textile materials of similar weight. Thus, a 30% weight-reduced textile material with either the same insulation effect can be produced, or a similarly heavy material has a 30% increased thermal resistance R _CT compared to conventional textile materials with a high rotation coefficient. The occupational safety clothing according to the invention therefore provide good protection against the effects of heat, flame and arcing, while at the same time significantly improving comfort.

Furthermore, thermal (insulating against heat or cold) and / or electrically insulating clothing, which is produced from the textile sheet material used according to the invention, has a higher water vapor resistance R _ET due to the finer average pore size distribution than articles of clothing made from conventional textile materials with high Twist factors of the yarns were produced. At the same time, thermally and / or electrically insulating items of clothing produced with such a textile surface material are still very comfortable to wear and are very breathable. Textile fabrics, including staple fiber yarns with a very low twist factor of 0 to 10, have a significantly increased cut resistance compared to conventional textile fabrics made from yarns with high twist factors. The fibers with only a low twist coefficient in the knitted fabric can obviously avoid a blade better than fibers that are integrated into a textile surface material via a yarn structure with high twist coefficients.

In particular, the cut resistance of textile surface materials with staple fiber yarns with very low twist coefficients used according to the invention can be 20% to 60%, preferably 20% to 40%, more preferably 20% to 30% higher than the cut resistance of textile surface materials with the same stitch weave, same fiber specification and same basis weight. The stitch weave gives the type of thread entanglement in knitwear z. B. knitted and culinary goods as well as warp knitted fabrics. The same fiber specification requires the same strength, fineness, length and chemical properties of the fibers. The cut resistance is determined according to the standard DIN EN ISO 13997. These values are also achieved in particular in the case of single-layer surface materials in the materials used according to the invention. In contrast, conventional textile fabrics made from classic yarns with high twist factors have to use multi-layer textiles in order to achieve high cut resistance.

The textile surface materials comprising the staple fiber yarns with a very low twist factor of 0 to 10 can be used for the production of cut protection clothing. Cut protection clothing can be cut protection gloves, single-layer textiles for functional undergarments or functional single layers, cut protection trousers or cut protection jackets.

In the textile sheet materials used according to the invention, all the uses according to the invention can be in the foreground or only one or two of these uses. For example, it is possible to use the textile surface materials for the production of thermally and electrically insulating clothing, which at the same time also provides cut protection and meets the corresponding standards necessary for all three uses. This can be advantageous, for example, for protective clothing for, for example, firefighters or emergency workers, which must be both thermally and electrically insulating, but also have a high cut protection effect. Alternatively, it is also possible that only the use as cut protection clothing is in the foreground, for example in protective clothing for forest workers.

Furthermore, it is also possible that only the thermally and electrically insulating effect in the clothing is in the foreground or a combination of the cut protection effect and the electrically insulating effect.

The spin-alphametric rotation coefficients of the textile sheet materials used according to the invention are in the range from 0.05 to 10, more preferably in the range from 0.1 to 3, or in the range from 0 to 2. Furthermore, ranges from 0.05 to 1 are also preferred and especially the range from 0.08 to 0.15. The rotation coefficients can be determined using the DIN standard DIN EN ISO 2061.

In contrast to many conventional textile materials, which require at least two fabric layers to form an insulation package filled with air in between, the porosity of the textile surface material used according to the invention means that thermally and / or electrically insulating air inclusions are already formed with a single-layer textile surface material.

The fact that the fibers present in the yarn only have a low twist factor results in an increased cut protection effect, which can already be given in particular with a single-layer textile surface material, whereas in conventional materials several layers often have to be combined in order to achieve a similar cut protection effect.

Another embodiment of the present invention relates to the use of the textile sheet materials with a low rotation coefficient for the production of thermally insulating clothing and / or electrically insulating clothing and / or cut protection clothing, the clothing items being at least one of the following standards: EN ISO 141 16 against heat and flame resistant clothing, EN 469 for firefighting clothing, EN 511: 2006 regarding gloves for cold protection, EN 14058, ISO 6942: 2002, ISO 9151: 1995, EN ISO 11612 or EN 61482 or significantly increase their protection class categorization in the layer network. Such standards have to be met for garments subject to high thermal and / or electrical stress. The ISO 6942: 2002 standard relates to clothing for protection against heat and fire radiation, the ISO 9151: 1995 standard for clothing for protection against heat and Flames, heat transfer (convective heat), the standard EN 14058 protective clothing against cold climates and the European standard EN ISO 1 1612 protection against heat and flames, certified protective clothing e.g. B. Class A1, B1 and C1. The EN 61482 standard relates to electrically insulating clothing, namely protective clothing against arcing faults. The DIN EN ISO 13997 standard applies to cut resistance, especially for protective gloves but also for shirts.

It is also possible that the textile surface materials are used for the production of underwear, lining for outerwear or sportswear. The thermally and / or electrically insulating articles of clothing are often worn together with other thermally and / or electrically insulating articles of clothing, the protective effects of underwear and outerwear adding up to the overall thermal insulation effect. In particular, so-called long-sleeved shirts and long underpants (Longjohn ^' s) as well as knitted textiles can be used as lining for outerwear for the underwear. The thermal insulation effect of the textile materials with a low twist factor is particularly advantageous for the production of sportswear.

In a further variant of the present invention, a textile surface material is used which is produced by means of a spin-knitting process. Particularly preferably, the textile surface material can be produced by the so-called spinit process, which is a combined spin-knit process, which, for. B. can be carried out on spinning knitting machines from Mayer & Co. GmbH & Co. KG. In this combined spinning-knitting process, both process steps of spinning the yarn and knitting are integrated into a single continuous process, with one sliver, a roving in which the fibers for the textile surface material are already present, before the stitch formation in one The drafting system can be stretched to the desired fineness and then processed in a subsequent step on the same machine or a downstream knitting machine as in the case of spinning knitting machines from Terrot GmbH. With this new type of knitting technology, yarns are not knitted with conventional helically wound fibers, but fibers with defined properties that are broken down into a fiber stream are knitted without rotation or with very little twist to form a knitted fabric. The production of textile materials with a low twist coefficient of the fibers in the yarn is described, for example, in patent applications WO 2004/079068 A2, WO 2007/093165 A2 and WO 2007/093166 A2, to which reference is hereby made in full. It should be particularly pointed out that the process has to be classified as ecologically particularly sustainable due to the process steps spinning and spinning saved in the spinning mill. Due to the flexibility to produce knitted fabrics of any weight from a roving in wide areas, significantly less material than tied-up capital can be used.

The meshing can take place, for example, with downstream flat or circular knitting machines which can be designed as right / right, right / left or left / left circular knitting machines. In a further use according to the invention, the textile surface material can be produced as a woven fabric, knitted fabric, knitted fabric, scrim or fleece, preferably as a knitted fabric, more preferably as a single jersey knitted fabric.

A single jersey knitted fabric is a particularly simple and therefore inexpensive fabric to be knitted, in which right and left stitches are alternately knitted, which is advantageous for the stretchability of the textile surface material.

Furthermore, in the uses according to the invention, the textile sheet material can be a knitted fabric made from staple fibers with a low twist factor, the stitches of which are formed from the staple fiber yarns. The fiber lengths in the classic cotton spinning mill and the wool spinning mill range between 20 to 140 mm fiber length, using chemical fibers primarily around the mean 38 and 51 mm fiber length. Due to the specific hairiness of the textile surfaces made from it, the use of staple fibers ensures a comfortable physiological body sensation.

In a further variant of the present invention, a textile surface material is used, the fibers of which are selected from: polyamides, in particular polyaramides such as meta-aramid, para-aramid, polyacrylonitriles, polymethyl methacrylates, polybenzimidazoles (PBI fibers), poly (p-phenylene-2 , 6-benzobisoxazole) (PBO fibers), cellulose fibers, for example modal fibers and corresponding copolymers or mixtures, preferably polyaramides. Such fibers are particularly heat-resistant and also electrically insulating. For example, fiber mixtures can comprise different proportions by weight of aramid fibers, as well as modified flame-retardant viscose and acrylic fibers. Commercially available examples of suitable fibers are Nomex ^® MHP from DuPont with 34% meta-aramid, 33% Lyocell, 31% modacrylic and 2% antistatic fiber, and, for example, Tencasafe ^® from Tencate with 45-48% modacrylic, 35-37% Lyocell and 15-20% aramid fibers.

The acrylic fibers are mixtures of polyacrylonitrile and polymethyl methacrylate. Other possible fiber blends include, for example, meta-aramids, para-aramids as well Antistatic fibers, for example the fiber mix Nomex ^® Comfort E502 ecru or Nomex ^® Comfort N 307 (spun-dyed) from DuPont. Such fibers and fiber mixtures are particularly suitable for being processed into thermally and / or electrically insulating articles of clothing.

The thermal resistance of the textile surface material can be significantly higher than that of conventional textiles, the yarns of which have been spun with a high twist factor, and can in particular be in the range from 15 to 25 x 10 ³ m ² K / W. As already described above, these values are improved by up to 30% compared to conventional textile materials.

Furthermore, the water vapor volume resistance of the textile sheet material can be increased by up to 10 to 20% compared to the water volume resistance of conventional textile materials and can be, for example, in the range from 4 to 8 m ² Pa / W.

Due to the electrically insulating air inclusions, protective clothing against electric arcing can also be made from the textile surface material, whereby the textile surface material receives remarkably good characterizations in the arcing test compared to classic textile surfaces made from twisted yarns. Thus, a heat attenuation factor HAF (Heat Attenuation Factor) of at least 70% and an ATPV (Are Thermal Performance Value) of 7 cal / cm ² , preferably 8, more preferably at least 9 cal / cm ² were found in the material according to the invention. The values found to ensure that the specifications exist reliably show the good electrically insulating properties of the textile. The arcing test can be carried out in particular according to the standards ASTM F 1959 / F and 1959 M-14 A1.

The porosity of the textile sheet material used according to the invention is distributed differently in relation to the pore size classes due to the fibers lying parallel or almost parallel due to the low twist factor compared to a knitted fabric on a classic yarn or filament, so that the average pore size is smaller than that of one a yarn or filament with a high twist factor of in particular 80 to 180 material produced. The average pore size of the textile sheet material can be up to 10 to 20% lower than in conventional corresponding materials and in particular can be between 40 pm and 80 pm. The average pore size can be determined using a Coulter Porometer based on the standards DIN58355 Part 2 or ASTM F 316-03. In a further use according to the invention, the textile surface material can be formed in particular in one layer. As already described above, air pockets form within the textile surface material due to its pore size distribution, which contribute to the thermal and / or electrical insulation effect of the material. The formation of multi-layer textiles, in which case inclusions are formed between individual textile layers, is therefore not necessary, so that according to the invention, electrically and / or thermally insulating single-layer clothing can be produced in a particularly inexpensive and simple manner.

Due to the special properties of the textile surface materials with staple fiber yarns with a very low twist factor of spinnalphametric 0 to 10, these textile surface materials as a single-layer surface material can already meet certain standards with regard to thermal and / or electrical insulation and / or the cut resistance, which is often only the case with conventional materials can be achieved by multilayer structures. In particular, the textile surface materials used according to the invention can already meet protection classes of the standards DIN EN 388, DIN EN ISO 13997 as a single-layer surface material. Regarding the

Standard EN ISO 1 1612: 2008 (heat and flame protection) can single-layer textiles

Surface materials reach classes A1, B1 and C1.

In particular, the materials used according to the invention as a single-layer material can already achieve a cut resistance in the range from 10.5 N to 25 N, preferably in the range from 12 N to 23 N, more preferably in the range from 13 N to 22 N. With regard to the heat resistance, the textiles used according to the invention can

Sheet materials as a single-layer textile sheet material already achieve the above-mentioned thermal resistance in the range from 15 to 25 x 10 ³ m ² K / W and / or water vapor resistance in the range from 4 to 8 m ² Pa / W.

In a further embodiment of the textiles used according to the invention

Surface materials, these surface materials are integrated as a single-layer surface material in multi-layer thermally insulating and / or electrically insulating clothing and / or cut protection clothing. Because of the advantageous properties of the textile surface materials used according to the invention, multilayered clothing items of this type also have increased wearing comfort and / or a lower weight. With the textile sheet materials used according to the invention, the same protection classes can be achieved with lower basis weights in comparison to conventional textile sheet materials. Furthermore, protective classifications can be achieved with the textile sheet materials used according to the invention with higher basis weights, which cannot be achieved with conventional textile sheet materials with the same stitch weave and the same fiber specification.

The present invention furthermore also relates to a thermally insulating and / or electrically insulating garment and / or cut protection clothing, in particular protective work clothing or sports clothing, comprising or consisting of a textile surface material with staple fiber yarns with a very low twist factor of 0-10 spinning alpha. All of the features already mentioned above with regard to the use of the textile surface material can also be realized in the garment according to the invention, for example the configuration of the garment as underwear, lining for outerwear or sportswear. The weight per unit area of the garment can be between 80 to 450 g / m ² , preferably for linings in the range between 80 and 120 g / m ² , for underwear in the range between 100 and 160 g / m ² , for applications in outer layers in the range between 200 and 400 g / m ² , mainly 200 - 260 g / m ² . Typical weight per unit area of carved protective clothing is 120 g / m ² for shirts and up to 700 g / m ² for multi-layer clothing.

The invention is to be explained in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments and figures. Show it:

FIG. 1 schematically shows a combined spinning-knitting plant on which the textile surface materials used according to the invention can be manufactured.

FIG. 2A shows a micrograph of a conventional textile sheet material, in which yarns with high twist were used during the intermeshing.

FIG. 2B shows a micrograph of a textile sheet material according to the invention, in which the individual yarns were produced with a slight twist (spinning alpha-metric). FIG. 3 shows a diagram in which the water vapor volume resistance of various conventional materials used according to the invention is listed.

Figure 4 shows the various thermal resistances of conventional materials used in the invention.

FIG. 5 shows a diagram in which the mean pore sizes in gm are listed for various conventional materials used according to the invention.

FIG. 6 shows the different cut strengths of conventional materials used according to the invention

In Figure 1, a combined spinning-knitting method is shown schematically, in which a sliver, a roving 60 is unwound with a sliver template 50, in which the above-mentioned particularly heat-resistant and electrically conductive or electrostatically dissipative fibers are present can then be stretched past a sensor 55 in a three-roll drafting system 70 to a desired fineness. The yarn 10 is then produced via the injector nozzle 80 by means of a false twist nozzle 100 with little or no twisting, which can then subsequently be processed in a knitting machine 90, for example a circular or flat knitting machine, to form a textile surface material used according to the invention.

FIG. 2A shows a microscopic picture of a conventional textile carrier material, in which fibers 26 were spun into a yarn 10 and finally knitted. The yarn 10 was formed with a high twist of the individual fibers 26, the usual _{twist coefficients being} in the range from alpha _(metr) 60 to 140. It can be clearly seen that there are large open pores 36 between the yarns. Such a material tends to bulge due to the high twist and furthermore has a lower air resistance due to the pore size distribution.

In contrast, FIG. 2B shows a microscopic picture of a textile sheet material used according to the invention, in which various temperature-resistant fibers 25 and 24 are processed in individual yarns 10 and 20. Due to the low twist, spinnalphametric 0 to 10 of the fibers, yarns are obtained in which the fibers are oriented approximately parallel, with a large number of gaps 35 which are significantly smaller compared to conventional reinforcing materials with a high twist factor. Such a material has a lower twist due to the low twist Bend tendency, but still has a higher air resistance, which increases the thermal and / or electrical insulation effect of such a material compared to conventional materials.

EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS:

Knitted fabrics were produced as single jersey knits, which were knitted between both 0 and 10 by means of conventional knitting processes with a high twist factor or by means of a spinning knitting process with a low twist factor. The following knitted fabrics were produced:

The knitted fabrics labeled "MH" and "MT5" were manufactured using conventional knitting processes with spun yarns, the fibers of which have a high twist factor. The exemplary embodiments “Spinit 1” and “Spinit 2” were carried out by means of a spin-knitting method, in which yarns with a low twist factor were used to manufacture the textile.

For the variants MT1 and MT5, the rotation coefficient alpha _(me tr) is 90, the variants Spinitl and Spinit2 have a rotation coefficient of 0.6 calculated from the sliver rotation of (30 tpm) divided by the draft in the drafting system (40 times).

The fiber material labeled Nomex ^® MHP is a fiber material that is particularly fire and heat resistant (MHP = "Multi-Hazard Protection"). It comprises 34% meta-aramid, 33% a lyocell fiber, 31% a modified acrylic fiber (modacrylic fiber or copolymeric acrylic fibers with flame-retardant properties) and 2% an antistatic fiber. The fiber material "Nomex® E502 ecru" from DuPont contains 93% meta-aramid, 5% para-aramid and 2% of an antistatic fiber

Determination of the water vapor resistance R _FT : The samples to be examined described in the table above are examined using a permetester based on DIN EN ISO 11092. When determining the water vapor volume resistance, a round sample with a diameter of 140 mm is stretched over the measuring head with the skin side (underside) to the test surface. A heatable and wettable copper cylinder is located under the sample at a defined distance. The top of the sample is exposed to an air stream (laboratory climate). Due to the water vapor partial pressure gradient (saturated compared to the indoor climate), a water vapor diffusion current flows from the measuring head through the sample into the flow channel. The moving air favors this process. The water vapor resistance R _ET is calculated in m ² Pa / W. The air flow rate is 1 m / s and the measuring head and air temperature are 22 ° C. Double-distilled water with 0.1% wetting agent is used as the test solution. Five measurement samples are tested from each laboratory sample, the mean value of the five measurement samples being indicated in FIG.

The water vapor volume resistance R _ET is a specific quantity for textile materials or material combinations, which determines the “latent” heat of vaporization through a given area in response to a constantly acting water vapor pressure gradient. The lower the water vapor resistance R _ET , the more breathable a material is. In order to enable a division of the R _ET values into classes that are based on the human perceptibility of the water vapor resistance, the method for determining the water vapor resistance was extended by another method. In this test persons with clothing made of the previously tested materials were asked to exercise themselves on a treadmill for a longer period of time and then to assess the breathability of the material. From the results of this supplementary study, a comfort scale was developed to classify the R _ET values.

The R _ET comfort scale contains values in a range from 0 to 50+, which are divided into four comfort classes. The division into comfort classes is based on the human ability to perceive differences in water vapor resistance:

R _ET 0 - 6 m ² Pa / W: highly breathable even with increased physical exertion RET 6 - 13 m ² Pa / W: good breathability even with light physical

effort

RET 13 - 20 m ² Pa / W: slightly breathable as long as there is no physical strain

R _ET 20 and higher m ² Pa / W: breathable only when at rest without physical

Effort.

FIG. 3 shows the mean values of the five measurements of the water vapor resistance RET for unwashed fabrics, “MT1”, “Spinit 1”, “MT5” and “Spinit 2”, as well as for the corresponding fabrics washed three times. The water vapor resistance in m ² Pa / W is plotted on the y-axis. It can be clearly seen that the spinite fabrics Spinit 1 and Spinit 2 used according to the invention have increased water vapor transmission resistances with approximately the same basis weights compared to the respective conventional reference fabrics. All knitted fabrics were evaluated by testers in the range R _ET 0 - 6 m ² Pa / W, which means that all fabrics are highly breathable even with increased physical exertion. Thus, items of clothing made of textile sheet materials with yarns with a low twist coefficient have an increased water vapor resistance compared to conventional materials, which confirms the higher thermal insulation value with regard to heat and cold, but at the same time these materials are still perceived as being highly breathable.

Determination of thermal resistance R _nT :

The samples listed in the table above are examined using a permetester based on DIN EN ISO 11092.

When determining the thermal resistance, a round sample with a diameter of 140 mm is clamped with the skin side (bottom) to the test surface above the measuring head. A heatable and wettable copper cylinder is located under the sample at a defined distance. The measuring sample is exposed to a constant temperature difference of 10 Kelvin, which means that a measuring head temperature of 33 ° C is set at a laboratory temperature of 23 ° C. The top of the sample is exposed to an air stream (laboratory climate). The heat flow that flows from the measuring head through the sample is determined by means of a heat flow sensor. The thermal resistance R _CT is calculated in m ² K / W. The air flow velocity is 1 m / s and five measurement samples are tested from each laboratory sample, the mean value of five measurement samples being shown in FIG. 4.

A heat flow flows through a layer of material at different surface temperatures. The greater the thermal resistance of the layer, the lower it is. The thermal resistance depends on the type of material, especially the thermal conductivity and the layer thickness of the material. The design value of the thermal resistance indicates which resistance of a material layer to the flowing heat flow can be regarded as typical under specific installation conditions. The design value of the thermal resistance is calculated from the thickness d of a homogeneous material layer divided by the design value for the thermal conductivity of this material layer.

FIG. 4 compares the thermal resistance R _{CT of} the conventional materials MT1 and MT5 in the unwashed and in the three-washed state with the corresponding spinit 1 and spinit 2 fabrics used according to the invention. On the y-axis, the thermal resistance is given in 10 ³ m ² K / W. It can be clearly seen that the spinit 1 and spinit 2 knitted fabrics used in accordance with the invention each have considerably higher thermal resistance than the respective reference materials. These values can be up to 30% higher. Thus, the materials used according to the invention in protective clothing have a considerably higher thermal resistance R _CT , which is due to the high proportion of macropores and the air cushion of the materials enclosed therein.

Determination of the pore size:

The pore size was determined using the “Coulter Porometer” using the bubble point method, which is based on the principle of the bubble pressure method based on DIN 58355 Part 2 or ASTM F 316-03. The sample completely soaked in a test liquid is placed in a sample holder. A gas cushion is then built up on the horizontal sample, the pressure of which is continuously increased. The pressure at which the first gas bubble passes through the sample is determined. This becomes then the pore diameter is automatically calculated. The average pore diameter in pm serves as a characteristic value.

In FIG. 5, the determined average pore diameter for the knitted fabrics Spinit 1 and Spinit 2 according to the invention is compared to the conventional knitted fabrics MT1 and MT2 in the unwashed and in the washed three times. The average pore size in pm is plotted on the y-axis. It can be clearly seen that the average pore size of the conventional fabrics is larger than the average pore size of the fabrics used according to the invention. This is due to the high proportion of mesopores in the knitted fabrics made from classic high-twist yarns and the special pore size distribution in the spinite knitted fabrics with a low twist factor.

Arc fault test (ATPV):

In a first test on a 237 g / m ² spinel knit from MHP, the sample was able to do very well in a certified test laboratory with a test result of 8.4 calories / cm ² and a heat attenuation factor (HAF) of 76% cut off. The test was carried out according to ASTM F 1959 / F 1959 M-14A1.

The measured values shown above clearly show that the textile surface materials with a low twist factor of the yarns have a comparable wearing comfort (breathability) compared to conventionally manufactured materials, but have a considerably increased thermal resistance due to the air volumes enclosed in these textiles. These materials are therefore particularly well suited for the production of thermally and / or electrically insulating items of clothing.

Determination of cut resistance

Figure 6 shows the cut resistance of unwashed and washed conventional fabrics "MT and" MT 5 "in comparison to the fabrics used according to the invention" Spinit 1 "and" Spinit 2 "measured according to the standard EN ISO 13997. The cut resistance decreases with the conventional ring yarn knitted fabrics from washing, both with "MT and" MT 5 ". The spinite In the unwashed state, knitted fabrics have similar (“Spinit 1”) or significantly higher (“Spinit 2”) cut resistance values than the conventional knitted fabrics, since a considerably greater cutting force (in Newtons) is required to cut the fabrics. The cut resistance is increased by about 40% after washing the “Spinit T” knitted fabric. With the “Spinit 2” knitted fabric, on the other hand, the cut resistance of the Spinit knitted fabric drops somewhat, but is still significantly higher than the comparable washed ring knitted yarn “MT 5”. In terms of cut resistance, the advantages of the “Spinit and“ Spinit 2 ”knitted fabrics are. The cut resistance of the materials according to the invention can be classified at different levels based on DIN EN ISO 13997. The determined force for cutting through the materials can be used to classify (the level) the cut resistance of the materials. Materials according to the invention can reach level 3 or level 4, the higher the level, the higher the cut resistance.

The following table shows the assignment of the different levels to the required cutting force (in Newtons).

Claims

claims:

1. Use of a textile surface material, comprising staple fiber yarns with a very low twist factor of spinnalphametric 0-10, for the production of thermally and / or electrically insulating clothing and / or cut protection clothing, in particular protective clothing or sports clothing.

2. Use according to claim 1 for the production of thermally and / or electrically insulating clothing according to at least one of the following standards: ISO 6942: 2002, ISO 9151: 1995, EN ISO 1 1612, EN ISO 14116, EN 469, EN 511: 2006, EN 14058, EN 61482 or DIN EN ISO 13997.

3. Use according to one of claims 1 or 2 for the production of underwear, lining for outerwear or sportswear.

4. Use according to one of claims 1, 2 or 3, wherein the textile surface material is produced by means of a spin-knitting process.

5. Use according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the textile surface material is produced as a woven, knitted, knitted, laid or non-woven fabric, preferably as a knitted fabric, more preferably as a single jersey knitted fabric.

6. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the textile sheet material is a knitted fabric made of staple fibers, the stitches of which are formed from the staple fiber yarns.

7. Use according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 6, wherein the fibers are selected from: polyamides, in particular polyaramides (meta-aramid, para-aramid), polyacrylonitriles, polybenzimidazoles (PBI fibers), poly (p-phenylene-2, 6-benzobisoxazole) (PBO fibers), polyacrylonitriles, cellulose fibers and corresponding copolymers, preferably polyaramides.

8. Use according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 7, wherein the thermal resistance of the textile surface material is in the range from 15 to 25 ^c 10 ³ m ² K / W.

9. Use according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 8, wherein the water vapor resistance of the textile surface material is in the range of 4 to 8 m ² Pa / W.

10. Use according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 9, wherein the textile surface material in the arc fault text has a heat attenuation factor HAF (heat attenuation factor) of at least 70% and an ATPV value (Are Thermal Performance Value) of at least 7 cal / cm ² , preferably at least 8, more preferably at least 9 cal / cm ² .

11. Use according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 10, wherein the average pore size of the textile surface material is between 40 pm to 80 pm.

12. Use according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 1 1, wherein the textile surface material is formed in one layer.

13. Use according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 12, wherein the textile surface material has at least level 3 or level 4 of the cut resistance according to standard DIN EN ISO 13997.

14. Use according to one of claims 1, 3 to 7 and 11, wherein the textile surface material as a single-layer surface material has at least one of the following features:

the textile sheet material has a thermal resistance of the textile sheet material in the range from 15 to 25 ^c 10 ³ m ² K / W,

the water vapor resistance of the textile surface material is in the range of 4 to 8 m ² Pa / W,

In the accidental arcing text, the textile sheet material has a heat attenuation factor HAF of at least 70% and an ATPV (Are Thermal Performance Value) of at least 7 cal / cm ² , preferably at least 8, more preferably at least 9 cal / cm ² , the textile sheet material a cut resistance that is 20% to 60%, preferably 20% to 40%, more preferably 20% to 30% higher than the cut resistance of textile materials with the same stitch weave, the same fiber specification and the same basis weight.

15. Use according to the preceding claim 14, wherein the clothing, which comprises the single-layered sheet material, is multi-layered.

16. Thermally and / or electrically insulating garment and / or

Cut protection clothing, in particular work protection clothing or sports clothing, comprising a textile surface material with staple fiber yarns with a very low twist factor of 0-10.

17. Thermally and / or electrically insulating garment according to claim 16 according to at least one of the following standards: ISO 6942: 2002, ISO 9151: 1995, EN ISO 11612, EN 61482 or DIN EN ISO 13997.

18. Garment according to one of claims 16 or 17, designed as underwear, lining for outerwear or sportswear.

19. Garment according to one of claims 16 to 18, which has a weight per unit area of 80-350 g / m ² .