WO2019242305A1 - 一种多功能实验动物饲养笼系统 - Google Patents

一种多功能实验动物饲养笼系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019242305A1
WO2019242305A1 PCT/CN2019/072592 CN2019072592W WO2019242305A1 WO 2019242305 A1 WO2019242305 A1 WO 2019242305A1 CN 2019072592 W CN2019072592 W CN 2019072592W WO 2019242305 A1 WO2019242305 A1 WO 2019242305A1
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Prior art keywords
cage
feeding
water
box
pipe
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PCT/CN2019/072592
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张磊
吴汉环
李娟�
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南昌德漫多科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2019242305A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019242305A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
    • A01K1/02—Pigsties; Dog-kennels; Rabbit-hutches or the like
    • A01K1/03—Housing for domestic or laboratory animals
    • A01K1/031—Cages for laboratory animals; Cages for measuring metabolism of animals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
    • A01K1/01—Removal of dung or urine, e.g. from stables
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
    • A01K1/02—Pigsties; Dog-kennels; Rabbit-hutches or the like
    • A01K1/035—Devices for use in keeping domestic animals, e.g. fittings in housings or dog beds

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of animal experimental devices, in particular to a multifunctional experimental animal feeding cage system.
  • Animal experiments are one of the most commonly used methods in scientific research. The basis of animal experiments is the breeding of animals. During the feeding process, on the one hand, the nutritional supply of the animals must be guaranteed, and on the other hand, the animals must be prevented from being infected by other pathogens to affect the experimental results. At the same time, the animals need to be observed daily.
  • the above breeding work is mainly done manually.
  • the disadvantages of manually completing the above tasks are: 1. the breeders need corresponding skills training and high labor costs; 2. the breeders may bring pathogens and affect the experimental results. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a device that can automatically raise experimental animals.
  • the present invention provides a multifunctional experimental animal feeding cage system that can reduce manual operations in the feeding process and has a high degree of automation.
  • a multifunctional experimental animal feeding cage system includes:
  • Fixed frame including frame body and fixed seat, the surface of the frame body is divided into several layers in order from top to bottom, and each layer is fixedly installed with a cage frame with an opening outward;
  • -A cage unit including a cage box and a cage body, each of which is placed in the cage frame, the cage box opening is outward, and the cage body is installed in the cage box without a top surface,
  • the bottom surface of the cage box is spaced from the bottom surface of the cage body;
  • the surface of the cage box is provided with a water inlet, an intake, an air vent and a slag discharge opening, and the bottom surface of the cage body is a fine mesh surface;
  • a drinking water unit which includes a water reservoir and a water delivery pipe, the water delivery pipe is provided with a plurality of water outlets respectively connected to the inlets of the above cages for drinking water to flow into the cages;
  • -A ventilating unit including a ventilator and a ventilating pipe
  • the ventilating pipe is provided with a plurality of ventilating openings respectively connected to the venting openings of the cage box for ventilating and ventilating each cage body
  • the slag discharge pipe is provided with a plurality of waste collection ports respectively connected to the slag discharge port of the cage, and the waste collector is used to collect and flow through the slag discharge Waste from pipelines;
  • the -A power supply unit including a power source and a power supply line, the power source is composed of a battery and an external power source, and is used to power various electrical devices;
  • the control unit including the controller and control lines, is used to control the start and stop and operation of various electrical devices, as well as to carry out communication network connections and data transmission.
  • a disinfection unit which includes a disinfection solution port and a disinfection solution delivery pipe.
  • the disinfection solution port is provided on the top of each cage.
  • the disinfection solution port is equipped with an electric spray nozzle.
  • the electric spray nozzle is connected and controlled by the controller.
  • the running time and the interval time, the disinfecting solution delivery pipeline is provided with several disinfecting solution infusion ports respectively connected to the liquid inlet of the atomizing nozzle, and is used for atomizing the disinfecting solution into the cage box and the cage body.
  • the frame body and the cage frame are symmetrical structures.
  • the feeding opening is arranged on the back of the cage box and has a strip-shaped mouth shape.
  • the periphery of the feeding opening is surrounded by a feeding bucket.
  • the feeding bucket is a trapezoid shape with an opening upward and a bottom surface inclined downward, and is used to promote accurate fall of the food.
  • the back of the cage is provided with a food grill hole corresponding to the food intake.
  • the water inlet is arranged on the back of the cage box, and is connected with a water inlet pipe penetrating the cage box and the inside and outside of the cage body.
  • the cage body is provided with a strip-shaped hole for the water inlet pipe to enter; the drinking water
  • the unit also includes a heater and a water pump.
  • the heater is provided in the water reservoir, the water delivery pipe communicates with each of the water inlet pipes in turn, and the water pump flows the drinking water heated and sterilized by the heater and cooled down into the water reservoir.
  • the heater and the water pump are connected and controlled by the controller and set an operating time and an interval time.
  • the inlet pipe is inclined, and the outside of the cage box is higher than the inside of the cage body.
  • a rollable bead is provided in a nozzle of the inlet pipe located inside the cage body, and the diameter of the inside mouth of the inlet pipe is smaller than the diameter of the bead body.
  • the ventilator is arranged between the left cage frame and the right cage frame.
  • the ventilator is connected and controlled by the controller and sets the operating time and interval.
  • the vent is also provided on the back of the cage box. Ventilation ducts are installed on the surface, and each of the ventilation ports is connected to the ventilation duct, and the outlet of the ventilation duct is upward to ventilate each cage.
  • the back of the cage box is provided with a dunnage port, which is in the shape of a strip, and the periphery of the dunnage port is surrounded by a feeding hopper, which is a trapezoidal body with an opening upward and a bottom surface inclined downward.
  • the utility model is used for urging the dunnage to accurately fall into the dunnage opening, and the back of the cage is provided with a feeding grid hole corresponding to the feeding opening.
  • a dunnage net table is provided below the feeding grid hole.
  • the dunnage net table includes an upper layer net, a lower layer net, and a stagger, and the net surface on the bottom surface of the cage passes through a partition. Separated, the litter falls into the surface of the upper mesh through the litter opening and the feeding grid hole in sequence; the mesh diameter of the upper mesh and the lower mesh are larger than the diameter of the experimental animal litter particles, and the surface of the two is non-mesh.
  • the individual area is larger than the mesh area, and the shifter is connected to the lower mesh, and includes a return spring mounted on one side of the lower mesh and a return spring mounted on the other side of the lower mesh, without pushing the fault.
  • the slag discharge port is at the bottom of the back of the cage box and is located below the lower net of the dunnage net table; one or more flushing ports are provided below the front surface of the cage box, and the flushing ports are flushed with pipes and flushed.
  • Water source connection used to flush the bottom surface of the cage box and waste litter and laboratory animal excrement; the slag discharge port is connected to the slag discharge pipe, the waste slag collector is located at the outlet of the slag discharge pipe, and each cage box is cleaned out The waste residue falls into the waste collector.
  • the cage is also equipped with a thermometer, a hygrometer, a light and a camera device, which are connected and controlled by the controller and transmit data to the cage.
  • the experimental animals are small experimental animals, including mice, rats, and guinea pigs.
  • the system can realize the whole process of automatic breeding of small experimental animals
  • the feeding, feeding, changing of litter, ventilation, washing waste, disinfection and other tasks during the breeding process are all closed or semi-closed. Observation of the dynamics in the cage can also be observed through lights, camera equipment, etc. to avoid experimenters and Breeders spread pathogenic bacteria to farm animals.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a back structure of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a cage box according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a cage of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a drinking unit according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the dunnage of the present invention.
  • the multifunctional experimental animal feeding system shown in FIG. 1 is mainly used for feeding small experimental animals, including mice, rats, and guinea pigs.
  • the experimental animal feeding system of the present invention includes a fixed frame, a cage (6) unit, a drinking unit, a ventilation unit, a feeding structure, a disinfection unit, a waste collection unit, a power supply unit, and a control unit.
  • the specific structural relationship is as follows.
  • the power supply unit includes a power supply and a power supply line.
  • the power supply is composed of a battery and an external power supply, and is used to supply power to various electrical devices.
  • the control unit includes a controller and control lines, which are used to control the start and stop and operation of various electrical devices, as well as the communication network connection and data transmission.
  • the relevant data of the system obtained by the control unit can be transmitted remotely through the network or communication, real-time understanding The status and dynamics of the feeding system and the organisms within it.
  • the fixed frame includes a frame body (1) and a fixed base (2).
  • the frame body (1) is symmetrically arranged left and right, and the fixed base (2) and the frame body (1) are vertically fixedly connected. , Used to make the fixed frame as a whole stand on the ground.
  • the surface of the frame body (1) is divided into four layers in order from top to bottom. Each layer is fixedly installed with a cage frame (3).
  • the cage frame (3) is a plate frame type, and The opening is outward, which is convenient for the device of the cage (6) unit to be taken, placed and observed on the cage (3).
  • a material storage container (4) is arranged on the back of the fixed seat (2), and the materials include litter, animal food and the like.
  • the cage body (6) unit includes a cage box (5) and a cage body (6).
  • Each cage box (5) is placed in the cage frame (3), and the cage box (5) )
  • the opening is outward, and the cage body (6) is installed in the cage box (5) without a top surface, and the bottom surface of the cage box (5) is spaced from the bottom surface of the cage body (6). It can be directly withdrawn when placing or placing animals or manually observing the experimental animals in the cage (6).
  • the surface of the cage box (5) is provided with a water inlet (20), a food inlet (8), an air vent (27), a slag discharge port, a litter port (11), and the like.
  • the bottom surface of the cage box (5) is a solid surface
  • the bottom surface of the cage body (6) is a fine mesh surface (7)
  • the experimental animals move on the mesh surface (7), so that wastes such as excrement and food waste can be directly removed from
  • the net surface (7) falls into the bottom surface of the cage box (5) for easy cleaning.
  • a mesh surface (7) with a corresponding aperture can be selected so that the animal's body cannot enter and exit, while excrement and litter can fall freely.
  • the top of the cage box (5) is also equipped with a thermometer, a hygrometer, a light and a camera device, which are connected and controlled by a controller and transmit data to it.
  • the feeding opening (8) is arranged on the back of the cage box (5) and has a strip-shaped mouth shape.
  • the back of the cage (6) is provided corresponding to the feeding opening (8).
  • the feeding grille hole (9), the periphery of the feeding port (8) is surrounded by a feeding bucket (10), which is a trapezoidal body with an opening upward and a bottom surface inclined downward, and is used to cause the food to fall accurately into the feeding mouth. (8).
  • the experimental animals need to eat. They can go to the hole (9) of the feeding grid, and the mouth can reach the food to eat.
  • a backing port (11) is provided on the back of the cage box (5) and is arranged side by side with the above-mentioned feeding port (8).
  • the dunnage opening (11) has a strip-shaped mouth shape, and the periphery of the dunnage opening (11) is surrounded by a feeding hopper (12).
  • the feeding hopper (12) is a trapezoidal body with an opening upward and a bottom surface inclined downward.
  • the back of the cage (6) is provided with a feeding grid hole (13) corresponding to the aforementioned feeding opening. As shown in FIG.
  • a dunnage net table (14) is provided below the feeding grid hole (13), that is, the left rear area of the bottom of the cage (6).
  • the table (14) includes an upper layer network (15), a lower layer network (16) and an actuator, a mesh body of the upper layer network (15) and a lower layer network (16) and a mesh surface (7) )
  • the mesh skeleton is connected without gaps, and the surface at the bottom of the cage (6) is separated from the mesh surface (7) by a partition (17).
  • the cushion material is granular, and the cushion material passes through the cushion material in turn.
  • the mouth (11) and the feeding grid hole (13) fall into the surface of the upper layer net (15), and use the partition plate (17) to prevent the falling litter from spreading to the net surface (7) outside the partition plate (17), At the same time, it is beneficial to guide the experimental animals in the cage (6) to excrete in the area outside the litter.
  • the mesh diameter of the upper mesh (15) and the lower mesh (16) is larger than the diameter of the experimental animal litter particles.
  • the surface area of the non-mesh individual is larger than the mesh area.
  • the water inlet (20) of the cage box (5) is set on the back of the cage box (5), and is connected with the water inlet pipe (21) that penetrates the inside and outside of the cage box (5) and the cage body (6). ),
  • the back of the cage (6) is correspondingly provided with a strip-shaped hole for entering the water inlet pipe (21).
  • the water inlet pipe (21) is inclined, the outside of the cage box (5) is higher than the inside of the cage body (6), and a rollable bead ( 22), the diameter of the inner nozzle of the water inlet pipe (21) is smaller than the diameter of the bead (22), and when the animal in the cage (6) needs to drink water, touch the bead (22) in the nozzle, and the top bead (22) Slightly, water flows out.
  • the drinking water unit includes a water reservoir (23), a heater, a water pump, and a water pipe (24).
  • the water delivery pipe (24) is provided with eight water delivery openings respectively connected to the water inlets (20) of the cage boxes (5), and is used to flow drinking water into each of the cage bodies (6).
  • the heater is located in the water reservoir (23), which can heat and sterilize the water in the water reservoir (23).
  • the water pipe (24) communicates with the water inlet pipe (21) in sequence.
  • the water pump will heat the drinking water heated by the heater.
  • the heater and the water pump are connected and controlled by the controller in the control unit and set the operating time and interval time. Research experimenters can set the water heating temperature, Water delivery interval and volume.
  • the ventilation unit includes a ventilator (25) and a ventilator (26), and the ventilator (25) is disposed between the left cage frame (3) and the right cage frame (3) for ventilation
  • the machine (25) is connected and controlled by the controller of the control unit and sets the operating time and interval time.
  • the ventilation pipe (26) is provided with eight ventilation ends respectively connected to the ventilation ports (27) of each cage box (5). According to the setting of the research and experimental personnel, ventilation and ventilation is performed in each cage (6).
  • the cage box (5) is further provided with a vent (28) on the back, a vent (29) is installed on the surface of the frame (1), the vent (28) is connected to the vent (29), and the vent (29) exits Ventilate each cage (6) upwards.
  • the ventilator (25) is not in operation, ventilate through the vent (28) and the ventilation duct (29) to avoid the cage (6) and the cage. There is no air circulation in the box (5).
  • the waste collection unit includes a waste collector (30) and a slag discharge pipe (31).
  • the slag discharge pipe (31) is provided with eight waste collection ports respectively connected to the slag discharge port of the cage box (5).
  • the slag discharge opening is at the bottom of the back of the cage box (5), and is located under the lower net (16) of the dunnage net table (14).
  • one or more flushing ports (32) are provided under the front surface of the cage box (5), and the flushing port (32) is connected to the flushing water source through a pipeline for flushing the bottom surface of the cage box (5) and disposing waste litter and Experimental animal excrement.
  • the disinfection unit includes a disinfection solution port (33) and a disinfection solution delivery pipe.
  • the disinfection solution port (33) is set on the top of each cage box (5).
  • the disinfection solution port (33) is equipped with an electric spray nozzle.
  • the electric spray nozzle is connected and controlled by the controller and sets the operating time and interval.
  • the disinfection solution delivery pipeline Several disinfection solution infusion ports are respectively connected to the above-mentioned atomizing nozzle inlets. Research experimenters can set the spraying time and interval to regularly spray the disinfectant into the cage (5) and the cage (6). ), Avoid breeding germs in the cage (6).
  • the disinfectant before spraying the disinfectant, it can be set to spray half with the light, let the breeding animals predict that the disinfectant is about to be sprayed and move to the other half through conditioned reflection, and then spray the disinfectant, so as to prevent the disinfectant from feeding the breeder. Animals make an impact.
  • Each unit and structure of the feeding system according to the embodiment of the present invention can realize a relatively high degree of automation and semi-enclosed work such as water intake, feeding, replacement of litter, ventilation, washing of waste residue, and disinfection during the feeding process, and ensure the cage ( 6)
  • the internal animals can regularly supply necessary things such as water and food. At the same time, it can also avoid the breeding of pathogens to the greatest extent compared with traditional artificial feeding operations.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Clinical Laboratory Science (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Housing For Livestock And Birds (AREA)

Abstract

一种多功能实验动物饲养笼系统，涉及动物实验装置领域。包括固定架、笼体单元、饮水单元、换气单元、废料收集单元、供电单元和控制单元等，将饲养过程中的进水、进食、更换垫料、换气、冲洗废渣、消毒等各工作均集合在本系统中，并进行定时、定量的自动化运行。本系统可实现小型实验动物的全流程自动化饲养，同时研究实验人员可远程实时查看动物情况。

Description

一种多功能实验动物饲养笼系统 技术领域
本发明涉及动物实验装置领域，具体涉及一种多功能实验动物饲养笼系统。
背景技术
动物实验是目前科学研究中最常采用的手段之一。动物实验的基础是动物的饲养，在饲养过程中，一方面要保障动物的营养供给，另一方面还有保障动物避免被其他病原体感染而影响实验结果，同时，每天需要对动物进行观察。
目前，上述饲养工作主要通过人工完成。人工完成上述工作的缺点在于：1、饲养人员需要相应的技能培训，人力成本高；2、饲养人员可能带来病原体，影响实验结果。因此，有必要研发一种装置，能对实验动物进行自动饲养。
发明内容
本发明为克服上述中的技术问题，提供一种可减少饲养过程中的人工操作，自动化程度较高的多功能实验动物饲养笼系统。
本发明所采用的技术方案为：
一种多功能实验动物饲养笼系统，包括：
—固定架，包括架体和固定座，架体表面自上而下依次分为若干层，每层均固定安装了设有开口向外的笼架；
—笼体单元，包括笼箱和笼体，各笼箱分别置于所述笼架内，所述笼箱开口向外，所述笼体无顶面并抽屉式地安装于上述笼箱中，且所述笼箱底面与所述笼体底面有间隔；所述笼箱表面设有进水口、进食口、换气口和排渣口，所述笼体底面为细密的网面；
—饮水单元，包括储水器和输水管，所述输水管设有若干输水口分别与各上述笼箱的进水口连接，用于饮用水流入各所述笼体中；
—换气单元，包括换气机和换气管，所述换气管设有若干换气口分别与上述笼箱的换气口连接，用于对各笼体内进行换气通风；
—废料收集单元，包括废料收集器和排渣管道，所述排渣管道设有若干废料收集口分别与上述笼箱的排渣口连接，所述废料收集器用于汇总收集流经所述排渣管道的废料；
—供电单元，包括电源和供电线路，所述电源由电池和外接电源组成，用于为各电性装置供电；
—控制单元，包括控制器和控制线路，用于控制各电性装置的启停和运行，以及进行通讯网络连接和数据传输。
还包括消毒单元，包括消毒液口和消毒液输送管道，所述消毒液口设于各笼箱顶部，消毒液口安装有电喷雾嘴，电喷雾嘴由所述控制器连接和控制并设定运行时长和间隔时间，所述消毒液输送管道设有若干消毒液输液口分别与上述雾化喷嘴的进液口连接，用于使消毒液雾化后进入笼箱和笼体中。
所述架体及所述笼架为左右对称结构。
所述进食口设于所述笼箱背部，呈条形口状，所述进食口外围由进食斗包围，该进食斗为开口向上且底面为下倾的梯形体状，用于促使食料准确落入进食口中；所述笼体背部设有与上述进食口对应的进食栅孔。
所述进水口设于所述笼箱背部，并连接有贯穿所述笼箱和笼体内外的进水管，所述笼体背部设有与供所述进水管进入的条状孔；所述饮水单元中，还包括加热器和水泵，加热器设于所述储水器内，所述输水管依次与各所述进水管连通，水泵将经加热器加热灭菌并冷却后的饮用水流入各所述进水管中，所述加热器和所述水泵由所述控制器连接和控制并设定运行时长和间隔时间。
所述进水管呈斜置，笼箱外侧高于笼体内侧，进水管位于笼体内侧的管口内设有可滚动的珠体，所述进水管的内侧管口直径小于所述珠体直径，笼体内动物需要喝水时，触碰管口内所述珠体，上顶珠体略微，水即流出。
所述换气机设于左笼架与右笼架之间，换气机由所述控制器连接和控制并设定运行时长和间隔时间；所述笼箱背部还设有通气口，架体表面安装有通气管道，各所述通气口与通气管道连接，通气管道出口向上，对各笼体进行通气。
所述笼箱背部设有垫料口，该垫料口呈条形口状，所述垫料口外围由进料斗包围，该进料斗为开口向上且底面为下倾的梯形体状，用于促使垫料准确落入垫料口中，所述笼体背部设有与上述进料口对应的进料栅孔。
所述笼体内，于所述进料栅孔下方设有垫料网台，所述垫料网台包括上层网、下层网和错动器，与所述笼体底面表面的网面通过隔板分隔，垫料依次通过所述垫料口和进料栅孔落入所述上层网表面；所述上层网和下层网的网孔直径均 大于实验动物垫料颗粒直径，二者表面非网孔的个体面积大于所述网孔面积，所述错动器与所述下层网连接，包括安装于下层网一侧的错动柄各安装于下层网另一侧的复位弹簧，未推动所述错动柄时，所述上层网与下层网的网孔间为竖直交错排列，推动错动柄时，上层网与下层网的网孔间竖直重合，促使垫料掉落在所述笼箱底面。
所述排渣口于所述笼箱背面底部，并位于所述垫料网台的下层网下方；所述笼箱正表面下方设有一个或多个冲洗口，所述冲洗口通过管道与冲洗水源连接，用于冲洗笼箱底面并将废垫料和实验动物排泄物；所述排渣口与排渣管道连接，所述废渣收集器设于排渣管道的出口处，各笼箱清洗出的废渣落入废渣收集器中。
所述笼箱还安装有温度计、湿度计、灯光和摄像装置，由所述控制器连接和控制并向其传输数据。
还包括物料储物器，所述物料包括垫料、动物食料。
所述实验动物为小型实验动物，包括小鼠、大鼠、豚鼠。
本发明系统的技术效果为：
1.本系统可实现了小型实验动物的全流程自动化饲养；
2.研究实验人员可远程实时查看动物情况；
3.饲养过程中的进水、进食、更换垫料、换气、冲洗废渣、消毒等工作均为封闭或半封闭进行，观察笼内动态也可通过灯光、摄像设备等观察，避免实验人员和饲养人员给饲养动物传播病原菌。
附图说明
图1为本发明的整体结构示意图；
图2为本发明的背部结构示意图；
图3为本发明的笼箱结构示意图；
图4为本发明的笼体结构示意图；
图5为本发明的饮水单元结构示意图；
图6为本发明的垫料结构示意图。
图示说明：1-架体、2-固定座、3-笼架、4-物料储物器、5-笼箱、6-笼体、7-网面、8-进食口、9-进食栅孔、10-进食斗、11-垫料口、12-进料斗、13-进料栅孔、14-垫料网台、15-上层网、16-下层网、17-隔板、18-错动柄、19-复位弹 簧、20-进水口、21-进水管、22-珠体、23-储水器、24-输水管、25-换气机、26-换气管、27-换气口、28-通气口、29-通气管道、30-废料收集器、31-排渣管道、32-冲洗口、33-消毒液口。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图，对本发明进一步地说明。
如图1所示的多功能实验动物饲养系统，主要用于小型实验动物饲养，包括小鼠、大鼠、豚鼠等。本发明的实验动物饲养系统，包括，固定架、笼体(6)单元、饮水单元、换气单元、进食结构、消毒单元、废料收集单元、供电单元和控制单元等，具体结构关系如下。
供电单元包括电源和供电线路，所述电源由电池和外接电源组成，用于为各电性装置供电。控制单元包括控制器和控制线路，用于控制各电性装置的启停和运行，以及进行通讯网络连接和数据传输，可将控制单元所获得系统各相关数据通过网络或通讯远程传输，实时了解饲养系统及其内生物的状态和动态等。
如图1和图2所示，固定架，包括架体(1)和固定座(2)，架体(1)呈左右对称设置，固定座(2)与架体(1)为垂直固定连接，用于使固定架整体立于地面。架体(1)表面自上而下依次分为四层，每层均固定安装有笼架(3)，左右共八个笼架(3)，该笼架(3)为板架型，且开口向外，便于笼体(6)单元的装置在笼架(3)上取、放和观察。固定座(2)背面设有物料储物器(4)，所述物料包括垫料、动物食料等。
如图3和图4所示，笼体(6)单元，包括笼箱(5)和笼体(6)，各笼箱(5)分别置于上述笼架(3)内，笼箱(5)开口向外，笼体(6)无顶面并抽屉式地安装于上述笼箱(5)中，且所述笼箱(5)底面与所述笼体(6)底面有间隔，在需要取放动物或人工观察笼体(6)内的实验动物时可直接抽出。笼箱(5)表面设有进水口(20)、进食口(8)、换气口(27)、排渣口、垫料口(11)等。所述笼箱(5)底面是实心面，笼体(6)底面为细密的网面(7)，实验动物在网面(7)上活动，可使排泄物、食料废屑等废渣直接从网面(7)落入笼箱(5)底面，便于清洁。在实际使用时，可根据所饲养动物类型、大小等因素，选择相应孔径的网面(7)，使动物的身体不能出入，而排泄物、垫料等可以自 由下落。笼箱(5)顶部还安装有温度计、湿度计、灯光和摄像装置，由控制器连接和控制并向其传输数据。
如图2、图3和图4所示，进食口(8)设于笼箱(5)背部，呈条形口状，所述笼体(6)背部设有与上述进食口(8)对应的进食栅孔(9)，进食口(8)外围由进食斗(10)包围，该进食斗(10)为开口向上且底面为下倾的梯形体状，用于促使食料准确落入进食口(8)中。实验动物需要进食，可至进食栅孔(9)处，嘴部伸入孔内即可吃到食料。
如图2、图3和图4所示，笼箱(5)背部设有垫料口(11)，与上述进食口(8)并排设置。该垫料口(11)呈条形口状，垫料口(11)外围由进料斗(12)包围，该进料斗(12)为开口向上且底面为下倾的梯形体状，用于促使垫料准确落入垫料口(11)中，笼体(6)背部设有与上述进料口对应的进料栅孔(13)。如图4所示，笼体(6)内，于进料栅孔(13)下方，即笼体(6)底面左后侧区域上设有垫料网台(14)，所述垫料网台(14)包括上层网(15)、下层网(16)和错动器，上层网(15)、下层网(16)的网体骨架与笼体(6)底面其他区域的网面(7)的网体骨架无间隙连接，而在笼体(6)底部的表面则与网面(7)通过隔板(17)分隔，所述垫料为颗粒状，垫料依次通过所述垫料口(11)和进料栅孔(13)落入所述上层网(15)表面，并利用隔板(17)避免下落的垫料蔓延至隔板(17)外的网面(7)，同时有利于引导笼体(6)内的实验动物在垫料外的区域排泄等。上层网(15)和下层网(16)的网孔直径均大于实验动物垫料颗粒直径，二者表面非网孔的个体面积大于所述网孔面积，所述错动器与所述下层网(16)连接，包括安装于下层网(16)一侧的错动柄(18)各安装于下层网(16)另一侧的复位弹簧(19)，未推动所述错动柄(18)时，所述上层网(15)与下层网(16)的网孔间为竖直交错排列，避免垫料下落。在需要更换垫料时，通过推动错动柄(18)，使上层网(15)与下层网(16)的网孔间竖直重合，而促使垫料掉落在笼箱(5)底面，下层网(16)在复位弹簧(19)的推动下复位后，再次从垫料口(11)加入新的垫料。
如图3和图4所示，笼箱(5)的进水口(20)设于笼箱(5)背部，并连接有贯穿笼箱(5)和笼体(6)内外的进水管(21)，笼体(6)背部相应设有与供进水管(21)进入的条状孔。所述进水管(21)呈斜置，笼箱(5)外侧高 于笼体(6)内侧，进水管(21)位于笼体(6)内侧的管口内设有可滚动的珠体(22)，进水管(21)的内侧管口直径小于所述珠体(22)直径，笼体(6)内动物需要喝水时，触碰管口内所述珠体(22)，上顶珠体(22)略微，水即流出。如图5所示，饮水单元，包括储水器(23)、加热器、水泵和输水管(24)。输水管(24)设有八个输水口分别与上述各笼箱(5)的进水口(20)连接，用于将饮用水流入各所述笼体(6)中。加热器设于储水器(23)内，可对储水器(23)内水进行加热消毒，输水管(24)依次与进水管(21)连通，水泵将经加热器加热后的饮用水流入各笼体(6)的进水管(21)中，加热器和所述水泵由控制单元中的控制器连接和控制并设定运行时长和间隔时间，研究实验人员可设定水加热温度、输水间隔和输水量等。
如图1所示，换气单元，包括换气机(25)和换气管(26)，换气机(25)设于左笼架(3)与右笼架(3)之间，换气机(25)由控制单元的控制器连接和控制并设定运行时长和间隔时间，换气管(26)设有八个换气端分别与各笼箱(5)的换气口(27)连接，根据研究实验人员的设定，对各笼体(6)内进行换气通风。所述笼箱(5)背部还设有通气口(28)，架体(1)表面安装有通气管道(29)，通气口(28)与通气管道(29)连接，通气管道(29)出口向上，对各笼体(6)进行通气，在换气机(25)间隔期不运转时，可通过通气口(28)与通气管道(29)排换气，避免笼体(6)和笼箱(5)内空气不流通。
废料收集单元，包括废料收集器(30)和排渣管道(31)，排渣管道(31)设有八个废料收集口分别与笼箱(5)的排渣口连接，废渣收集器设于排渣管道(31)的出口处，各笼箱(5)清洗出的废渣落入废渣收集器中。排渣口于笼箱(5)背面底部，并位于垫料网台(14)的下层网(16)下方。同时所述笼箱(5)正表面下方设有一个或多个冲洗口(32)，冲洗口(32)通过管道与冲洗水源连接，用于冲洗笼箱(5)底面并将废垫料和实验动物排泄物。
消毒单元，包括消毒液口(33)和消毒液输送管道。消毒液口(33)设于各笼箱(5)顶部，消毒液口(33)安装有电喷雾嘴，电喷雾嘴由控制器连接和控制并设定运行时长和间隔时间，消毒液输送管道设有若干消毒液输液口分别与上述雾化喷嘴的进液口连接，研究实验人员可通过设定喷雾时长和间隔时间，定时使消毒液雾化后进入笼箱(5)和笼体(6)中，避免笼体(6)内滋生病菌等。 例如，可设定为在喷洒消毒液前，先以光照拟喷洒一半，让饲养动物通过条件反射预知即将喷洒消毒液而移动到另一半，随后喷洒消毒液，如此交替，从而避免消毒液对饲养动物带来影响。
本发明实施例饲养系统的各单元、结构，可对饲养过程的进水、进食、更换垫料、换气、冲洗废渣、消毒等工作实现较高程度自动化和半封闭化，在保证笼体(6)内动物可规律供应水、食物等必须物同时，相比传统的人工饲养操作，亦可最大程度的避免病原体滋生。
以上所述仅表达了本发明的优选实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对本发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形、改进及替代，这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此，本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种多功能实验动物饲养笼系统，其特征在于，包括：
    —固定架，包括架体和固定座，架体表面自上而下依次分为若干层，每层均固定安装了设有开口向外的笼架；
    —笼体单元，包括笼箱和笼体，各笼箱分别置于所述笼架内，所述笼箱开口向外，所述笼体无顶面并抽屉式地安装于上述笼箱中，且所述笼箱底面与所述笼体底面有间隔；所述笼箱表面设有进水口、进食口、换气口和排渣口，所述笼体底面为细密的网面；
    —饮水单元，包括储水器和输水管，所述输水管设有若干输水口分别与各上述笼箱的进水口连接，用于将饮用水流入各所述笼体中；
    —换气单元，包括换气机和换气管，所述换气管设有若干换气口分别与上述笼箱的换气口连接，用于对各笼体内进行换气通风；
    —废料收集单元，包括废料收集器和排渣管道，所述排渣管道设有若干废料收集口分别与上述笼箱的排渣口连接，所述废料收集器用于汇总收集流经所述排渣管道的废料；
    —供电单元，包括电源和供电线路，所述电源由电池和外接电源组成，用于为各电性装置供电；
    —控制单元，包括控制器和控制线路，用于控制各电性装置的启停和运行，以及进行通讯网络连接和数据传输。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种多功能实验动物饲养笼系统，其特征在于，还包括消毒单元，包括消毒液口和消毒液输送管道，所述消毒液口设于各笼箱顶部，消毒液口安装有电喷雾嘴，电喷雾嘴由所述控制器连接和控制并设定运行时长和间隔时间，所述消毒液输送管道设有若干消毒液输液口分别与上述雾化喷嘴的进液口连接。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种多功能实验动物饲养笼系统，其特征在于，所述架体及所述笼架为左右对称结构。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种多功能实验动物饲养笼系统，其特征在于，所述进食口设于所述笼箱背部，呈条形口状，所述进食口外围由进食斗包围，该进食斗为开口向上且底面为下倾的梯形体状；所述笼体背部设有与上述进食口对应的进食栅孔。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种多功能实验动物饲养笼系统，其特征在于，所述进水口设于所述笼箱背部，并连接有贯穿所述笼箱和笼体内外的进水管，所述笼体背部设有与供所述进水管进入的条状孔；所述饮水单元中，还包括加热器和水泵，加热器设于所述储水器内，所述输水管依次与各所述进水管连通，水泵将经加热器加热灭菌并冷却后的饮用水流入各所述进水管中，所述加热器和所述水泵由所述控制器连接和控制并设定运行时长和间隔时间。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的一种多功能实验动物饲养笼系统，其特征在于，所述进水管呈斜置，笼箱外侧高于笼体内侧，进水管位于笼体内侧的管口内设有可滚动的珠体，所述进水管的内侧管口直径小于所述珠体直径。
  7. 根据权利要求3所述的一种多功能实验动物饲养笼系统，其特征在于，所述换气机设于左笼架与右笼架之间，换气机由所述控制器连接和控制并设定运行时长和间隔时间；所述笼箱背部还设有通气口，架体表面安装有通气管道，各所述通气口与通气管道连接，通气管道出口向上，对各笼体进行通气。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种多功能实验动物饲养笼系统，其特征在于，所述笼箱背部设有垫料口，该垫料口呈条形口状，所述垫料口外围由进料斗包围，该进料斗为开口向上且底面为下倾的梯形体状，用于促使垫料准确落入垫料口中，所述笼体背部设有与上述进料口对应的进料栅孔。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的一种多功能实验动物饲养笼系统，其特征在于，所述笼体内，于所述进料栅孔下方设有垫料网台，所述垫料网台包括上层网、下层网和错动器，与所述笼体底面表面的网面通过隔板分隔，垫料依次通过所述垫料口和进料栅孔落入所述上层网表面；所述上层网和下层网的网孔直径均大于实验动物垫料颗粒直径，二者表面非网孔的个体面积大于所述网孔面积，所述错动器与所述下层网连接，包括安装于下层网一侧的错动柄各安装于下层网另一侧的复位弹簧，未推动所述错动柄时，所述上层网与下层网的网孔间为竖直交错排列。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的一种多功能实验动物饲养笼系统，其特征在于，所述排渣口于所述笼箱背面底部，并位于所述垫料网台的下层网下方；所述笼箱正表面下方设有一个或多个冲洗口，所述冲洗口通过管道与冲洗水源连接，用于冲洗笼箱底面并将废垫料、实验动物排泄和其他废渣；所述排渣口与排渣管道连接，所述废渣收集器设于排渣管道的出口处，各笼箱清洗出的废渣落入废渣收集器中。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的一种多功能实验动物饲养笼系统，其特征在于，所述笼箱还安装有温度计、湿度计、灯光和摄像装置，由所述控制器连接和控制并向其传输数据。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的一种多功能实验动物饲养笼系统，其特征在于，还包括物料储物器，所述物料包括垫料、动物食料。
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