WO2019242285A1 - 基于区块链的权益资产价值代币的创建、交易方法及系统 - Google Patents

基于区块链的权益资产价值代币的创建、交易方法及系统 Download PDF

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WO2019242285A1
WO2019242285A1 PCT/CN2018/125164 CN2018125164W WO2019242285A1 WO 2019242285 A1 WO2019242285 A1 WO 2019242285A1 CN 2018125164 W CN2018125164 W CN 2018125164W WO 2019242285 A1 WO2019242285 A1 WO 2019242285A1
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equity
blockchain
value
database
equity asset
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PCT/CN2018/125164
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French (fr)
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郑文宸
郑超
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郑文宸
郑超
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/04—Payment circuits
    • G06Q20/06—Private payment circuits, e.g. involving electronic currency used among participants of a common payment scheme
    • G06Q20/065—Private payment circuits, e.g. involving electronic currency used among participants of a common payment scheme using e-cash
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q40/00—Finance; Insurance; Tax strategies; Processing of corporate or income taxes
    • G06Q40/04—Trading; Exchange, e.g. stocks, commodities, derivatives or currency exchange
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q40/00—Finance; Insurance; Tax strategies; Processing of corporate or income taxes
    • G06Q40/06—Asset management; Financial planning or analysis

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  • the present invention relates to the field of blockchain technology, and in particular, to a method and system for creating and trading equity asset value tokens based on the blockchain.
  • a block in the Blockchain is a series of data blocks generated using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains information about a cryptocurrency (e.g., Bitcoin, Ethereum, etc.) network transaction for verification. The validity of its information and the generation of the next block.
  • Smart contracts are computer programs that run on a copyable, shared ledger that can process information, receive, store, and send value. Participate in virtual digital currencies such as Bitcoin and Ethereum by running corresponding software on specialized hardware.
  • the blockchain combines data blocks into a chain data structure according to the timestamp order, and ensures that this distributed ledger cannot be tampered with and forged by cryptography.
  • Blockchain technology solves the authenticity of recorded data well.
  • it is often recorded the algebraic sum of the two equity status values of the initial actual capital investment and the expected excess return valuation—the total equity value, and traders cannot intuitively know through such total equity value
  • the value of the initial investment capital and the valuation of the expected excess return are two different states of value, as well as the direction and pace of equity value growth.
  • the Chinese invention patent application with application publication number CN105956923A discloses a digital asset trading platform, including asset entry equipment and distributed accounting network; the asset entry equipment verifies assets and generates asset item information and enters the asset trading platform when it is in compliance.
  • a decentralized and trusted fast transaction of multiple assets is realized.
  • equity assets are often a combination of different assets (for example, stocks, shares, stock indexes, stock index futures, exchange-traded funds, etc.) and are often traded through securitization. Due to the long cycle, complicated structure, numerous credit enhancement links and high costs, and lack of the fair value of the current reference value of the underlying asset at the time of the transaction, nor the requirements for dynamic changes in asset value and transaction convenience, it is difficult to be widely applied.
  • equity assets In order to facilitate trading and circulation, equity assets also need to be classified and divided into quantities, resulting in very complicated value standardization.
  • the above-mentioned problems in equity asset transactions have not been effectively resolved. For example, the equity held in private equity investment funds can only be obtained when the fund is liquidated for several years. It is difficult to transfer during the existence of the fund and the flow of funds. Sexually restricted. So far, new paths for equity asset transactions are still being explored.
  • At least one of the objectives of the present invention is to provide a method and a system for creating and trading equity asset value tokens based on the blockchain, which can accurately reflect the value of equity assets.
  • tokenization instead of securitization has removed a large number of complicated and tedious intermediate links, reduced costs, improved token use efficiency, and completed token transactions safely and efficiently, laying the foundation for real-time trading of equity assets.
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention includes the following aspects.
  • a method for creating equity asset value tokens based on a blockchain which includes:
  • each node in the blockchain network timestamps all the data written by the authorized intermediary nodes and makes a compliance judgment.
  • the blockchain network will The data changes of the equity asset database or its hash value are written into the block;
  • the blockchain network calculates the fair composite value of equity assets based on the initial investment capital and the corresponding fair current excess return valuation data in the equity asset database; the intermediary agency node calculates the number of tokens of the equity asset based on the fair composite value .
  • the server operated by the equity asset database is independently set up and managed and maintained by a third party or an intermediary agency recognized by the parties to the transaction to achieve physical isolation of the data, and only the data hash calculation results in the equity asset database Write to the block in the blockchain network.
  • the method includes directly writing data in an equity asset database to a block in a blockchain network.
  • the consensus mechanism may adopt a share authorization certification mechanism DpoS, and set the authorized intermediary node as a witness of the blockchain network, and the witness has the right to generate a block and write data on the block; each holding People with equity assets elect their witnesses by voting, and the top N candidates in the total vote ranking are elected as witnesses; and each of the elected witnesses is recognized by more than half of the participating voters.
  • DpoS share authorization certification mechanism
  • the method adopts a multiple bookkeeping method: the real part records the initial investment capital, and the imaginary part records the fair current excess return valuation referenced by the record.
  • the method includes using the initial invested capital as the real part, the current excess return estimate as the imaginary part, and calculating a composite vector modulus value composed of two different state vectors to obtain a fair composite value.
  • the method includes: setting a unit reference fair equity token value, dividing the fair composite value by the unit reference fair equity token value to obtain the number of tokens to be issued.
  • a blockchain-based equity asset value token creation system includes: a blockchain network formed by a plurality of blockchain nodes running a blockchain protocol software, one or more authorized intermediary agency nodes, A server running an equity asset database, and a communication device for data transmission between the blockchain node, an authorized intermediary node, and the server, the system is used to execute any one of claims 1 to 7 The method described.
  • a method for trading equity asset value tokens based on a blockchain including:
  • the seller uses the blockchain node in the transaction information database to mark the set amount of equity assets that the seller has the right to dispose of;
  • the buyer uses the blockchain node in the transaction information database to set the buyer's funds within the set amount of equity. Assets are marked for purchase;
  • the matching and transaction database reads the equity asset information with the tags to be sold and the tags to be bought from the transaction information database, and performs compliance verification and matching matching.
  • the successful matching equity asset information is marked with the characteristics of successful matching. And write the data changes into the block after passing the compliance judgment;
  • the matching transaction database generates smart contracts based on the equity assets with the characteristics of successful matching. It is pushed to the nodes of the transaction parties through the communication device for confirmation and is verified by a third-party intermediary; the equity assets are read from the authentication and delivery database for the seller and buyer. To complete the transaction, and write the transaction result into the block after passing the compliance decision.
  • a transaction system based on a blockchain-based equity asset value token includes a blockchain network formed by a plurality of blockchain nodes running blockchain protocol software, one or more authorized intermediary agency nodes, A server for operating an equity asset database, a transaction information database, a matching and transaction database and an attestation and delivery database, and a communication device for data transmission between the blockchain node, the authorized intermediary node and the server, the The system is used to execute the aforementioned transaction method.
  • the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
  • the real part is used to express the initial investment capital of equity assets
  • the imaginary part is used to express the current excess return valuation
  • the equity value in two different states is expressed differently, which is beneficial to the trader's growth direction and pace of equity value Make objective judgments that were difficult to do in the past
  • the modulo of a complex number more accurately represents the composite vector modulo value composed of two different state vectors, the initial value (real part) and the current excess return estimate (imaginary part)-the composite value, It replaces the current simple initial investment capital and current excess return valuation algebra and expression of equity value
  • the intermediate link reduces costs, improves use efficiency, and lays the foundation for real-time trading of equity assets; based on server physical isolation, information and communication technology, blockchain technology, encryption technology, and the introduction of third-party authoritative intermediaries to participate in fair value data entry / Or the organic integration of means such as attestation and
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for creating an equity asset value token based on a blockchain according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a blockchain-based equity asset value token creation system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 shows a principle diagram of a method and system for trading equity asset value tokens based on a blockchain according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a flow of a method for creating an equity asset value token based on a blockchain according to an embodiment of the present invention. The main steps included in the method of this embodiment will be described in detail below with the tokenization of equity interests in private equity investment funds as an example.
  • Step 101 Build an equity asset database in the blockchain network
  • the server running the equity asset database can be independently set up and managed and maintained by a third party or an intermediary agency recognized by the parties to the transaction to achieve physical isolation of the data.
  • This solution can only hash the results of data in the equity asset database Write to the block in the blockchain network.
  • the data in the equity asset database can also be written directly to the blocks in the blockchain network.
  • Step 102 According to the consensus mechanism of the blockchain network, assign rights to the data of the equity asset database for the authorized intermediary node
  • An exemplary consensus mechanism can use a Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS) mechanism.
  • DDoS Delegated Proof of Stake
  • an authorized intermediary node is set as a witness of the blockchain network, the witness can generate a block, and each of them holds an equity asset. Can vote for witnesses.
  • the top N candidates (N is usually defined as 101) in the ranking with total agreed votes can be elected as witnesses.
  • the number of elected witnesses must meet: at least half of the voting voters believe that N has been fully decentralized.
  • the candidate list of witnesses is updated every maintenance period (for example, 1 to 10 days).
  • Trustes are then arranged randomly. Each witness has a sequence of 2 seconds to generate blocks. If the witness cannot generate blocks in a given time slice, the block generation authority is given to the corresponding witness in the next time slice. . If the computing power provided by the witnesses is unstable or the computer is down, etc., those who hold equity assets can replace these witnesses by voting at any time.
  • Step 103 The authorized intermediary node node writes the audited initial invested capital (ie private equity investment fund equity) data and corresponding fair value data into the equity asset database
  • Step 104 The intermediary node has the right to write the fair current excess return valuation corresponding to the initial investment capital into the equity asset database in real time.
  • the reference fair current excess return valuation can come from fund-related investment projects in the open market corresponding to the initial investment capital.
  • the computer or server with the authority of the intermediary node may use the multiple accounting method according to the assigned authority: the real part records the initial investment capital, and the imaginary part record refers to the fair current excess return valuation referenced.
  • the real part is used to express the initial investment capital of equity assets, and the imaginary part is used to express the current excess return valuation.
  • Step 105 According to the consensus mechanism of the blockchain network, each node in the blockchain network timestamps all the data written by the authorized intermediary agency nodes and makes a compliance judgment.
  • Compliance determination includes determining the write permission of the intermediary agency node and the write time corresponding to the permission.
  • Step 106 When the compliance determination is passed, the blockchain network writes the data changes of the equity asset database or its hash value into the block
  • the corresponding data is refused to be written to the block, and the distribution can be ended, or the process proceeds to step 103, and the data writing and the corresponding compliance determination are performed again.
  • Step 107 The blockchain network calculates the fair composite value of equity assets based on the initial investment capital in the equity assets database and the corresponding fair current excess return valuation data.
  • the initial investment capital is taken as the real part and the current excess return estimate is taken as the imaginary part, and the composite vector modulus value composed of two different state vectors is calculated to obtain a fair composite value.
  • Step 108 The authorized intermediary node calculates the number of tokens of the equity asset based on the fair synthetic value
  • the synthetic value accurately reflects the value of equity assets, and replaces securitization with tokenization, which removes a large number of complex and tedious intermediate links of securitization, reduces costs, improves use efficiency, and lays the foundation for real-time trading of equity assets.
  • FIG. 2 shows a structure diagram of a system for creating equity asset value tokens based on a blockchain according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the system of this exemplary embodiment includes a blockchain network formed by a plurality of blockchain nodes running a blockchain protocol software (or a blockchain node cluster including a plurality of blockchain nodes), one or more rights Intermediary agency node, server for running equity asset database, and communication device for data transmission between the blockchain node, authorized intermediary agency node, and server, the system is used to execute the above embodiments Method in one or more steps.
  • a blockchain network formed by a plurality of blockchain nodes running a blockchain protocol software (or a blockchain node cluster including a plurality of blockchain nodes), one or more rights Intermediary agency node, server for running equity asset database, and communication device for data transmission between the blockchain node, authorized intermediary agency node, and server, the system is used to execute the above embodiments Method in one or more steps.
  • the blockchain node and the intermediary agency node can be computing terminals (e.g., personal computers, smartphones, and other electronic devices with processors, memories, and input / output devices) that only run transaction protocols, or they can run simultaneously.
  • Blockchain protocol and transaction protocol server with high performance processor and memory.
  • the communication device may be an Internet or local area network communication device running a network protocol such as TCP / IP, such as a network switch, a router, etc., and a P2P communication network is formed by multiple communication devices and nodes.
  • FIG. 3 shows a principle diagram of a method and system for trading equity asset value tokens based on a blockchain according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Participants from all parties including the seller and the buyer can participate in the transaction through the blockchain nodes in the blockchain network, write data, vote, etc.
  • the seller labels the set amount of equity assets that the seller has the right to dispose in the transaction information database through the blockchain node, that is, writes the corresponding tag data.
  • the scope of the equity assets that the seller has the right to dispose of is determined by the digital signature and asymmetric cryptographic verification of the blockchain network, and the transaction verification and comparison of the authorized intermediary nodes based on the fair market data is used to achieve transaction supervision; the set amount is Any number set by the seller within the scope of equity assets as required.
  • Each node in the blockchain network according to the consensus mechanism of the blockchain network, timestamps all the data written by the seller through the blockchain node, performs a compliance determination, and changes the content of the data when the compliance determination passes. Write to block.
  • the buyer uses the blockchain node to mark the set amount of equity assets within the payment scope of the buyer's funds in the transaction information database with a "to be purchased" tag, that is, write the corresponding tag data, and change the content after passing the compliance judgment. Write to block.
  • the Matching and Transaction Database reads the equity asset information with the tags “for sale” and “buy for sale” from the transaction information database, and performs compliance verification and matching matching. "Success” and write the data changes into the block after passing the compliance decision.
  • the matching transaction database generates a smart contract based on the equity assets with the characteristic mark of "successful matching", pushes them to the nodes of the transaction parties for confirmation through the communication device, and is verified by a third-party intermediary (such as a right intermediary node). Further, the digital signature information corresponding to the seller and the buyer of the equity asset can be read from the authentication and delivery database to complete the transaction, and the transaction result can be written into the block after passing the compliance judgment. If the transaction is successful, the seller obtains the funds paid by the buyer, and the buyer obtains the equity assets represented by the token. If the transaction is unsuccessful, the corresponding "matching successful" feature flag in the matching transaction database is deleted after a predetermined period of time. Corresponding data of equity assets database, transaction information database, matching and transaction database, and verification and delivery database are updated synchronously, and data changes are written into the block after passing the compliance judgment.
  • the parties involved in the transaction can choose to publicly or anonymously participate in the transaction.
  • the address links used by transaction participants are anonymous, and There is no corresponding binding with a specific user, but the system can mark the identity information with a specific equity asset in any of the above databases according to the participants' choices, thereby realizing public identity transactions.
  • the disclosed system and method may be implemented in other ways.
  • the embodiments described above are only schematic.
  • the division of the nodes, modules, components, and units is only a logical function division.
  • the displayed or discussed components are coupled, or directly coupled, or communicated with each other through some interfaces.
  • the indirect coupling or communications of the device or unit may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms. of.
  • the units, modules, devices, and components described above as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units; they may be located in one place or distributed To multiple network units; some or all of them can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.
  • each unit, module, device, component, etc. in each embodiment of the present invention may be integrated into one unit, or each unit may be separately used as a unit, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.
  • the above-mentioned integrated unit can be implemented in the form of hardware, or in the form of hardware plus software functional units.
  • the integrated unit of the present invention When the above-mentioned integrated unit of the present invention is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on such an understanding, the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention that is essentially or contributes to the existing technology can be embodied in the form of a software product.
  • the computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions for A computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device) is caused to execute all or part of the methods described in the embodiments of the present invention.
  • the foregoing storage media include: various types of media that can store program codes, such as a mobile storage device, a ROM, a magnetic disk, or an optical disc.

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Abstract

一种基于区块链的权益资产价值代币的创建、交易方法及系统，能够准确地反映权益资产的价值，降低了成本，提高了代币的使用效率，并安全高效地完成代币交易，为权益资产实时交易奠定了基础。该方法包括在区块链网络中构建权益资产数据库（101）；为有权中介机构节点分配权限（102）；有权中介机构节点将经过审计的初期投入资本数据和对应公允价值以及对应的公允当期超额回报估值写入权益资产数据库（103，104）；当符合性判定通过时，将权益资产数据库的数据更改内容或其哈希值写入区块中（105，106）；根据权益资产数据库中的初期投入资本和对应的公允当期超额回报估值数据，计算权益资产的公允合成价值（107）；根据公允合成价值，计算该权益资产的代币数量（108）。

Description

基于区块链的权益资产价值代币的创建、交易方法及系统 技术领域
本发明涉及区块链技术领域，尤其涉及一种基于区块链的权益资产价值代币的创建、交易方法及系统。
背景技术
区块链(Blockchain)中的区块是一串使用密码学方法产生的数据块，每一个数据块中包含了一次加密货币(例如，比特币、以太币等)网络交易的信息，用于验证其信息的有效性和生成下一个区块。智能合约是运行在可复制、共享的账本上的计算机程序，可以处理信息，接收、储存和发送价值。通过在专门的硬件上运行相应的软件而成为比特币、以太币等虚拟数字货币的参与者。
区块链按照时间戳顺序将数据区块组合成一种链式数据结构，以密码学方式保证这种分布式账本不被篡改和不被伪造。区块链技术，很好地解决了记录数据的真实性。但是，应用在记录权益性资产价值时，往往记录的是初期实际投入资本和预期超额回报估值两种权益状态值的代数和——权益总值，交易者无法直观通过这样的权益总值知晓初期投入资本的实值和预期超额收益的估值两种不同状态的价值，以及权益价值增长的方向与步幅。
申请公布号为CN105956923A的中国发明专利申请公开了一种数字化资产交易平台，包括资产录入设备和分布式记账网络；资产录入设备验证资产并在合规时生成资产项目信息并录入资产交易平台，通过采用区块链技术和资产的数字化身份识别技术，实现了多种资产的去中心化、可信任的快速交易。
然而，权益类资产往往是不同资产(例如，股票、股份、股票指数、股指期货、交易所交易基金等)的组合，并往往通过证券化后进行交易。由于周期长、结构复杂、增信环节多和成本高，并且缺乏交易产生时的标的资产当期参考的公 允价值，也不满足资产价值动态性变化和交易便捷性的要求，难以广泛应用。权益类资产为便于交易与流通，还需要进行分类和量的分割，导致价值标准化十分复杂。当今，权益类资产交易市场巨大，并且发展迅猛。但是，权益类资产交易的以上所述问题还没有得到有效解决，比如，持有私募股权投资基金的权益只能在长达数年后基金清算时才能获得，在基金存续期间难以转让，资金流动性受到严重限制。至今，权益类资产交易的新路径依然在探索之中。
发明内容
本发明的目的之一至少在于，针对如何克服上述现有技术存在的问题，提供一种基于区块链的权益资产价值代币的创建、交易方法及系统，能够准确地反映权益资产的价值，用代币化替代证券化，去掉了复杂并且繁琐的大量中间环节，降低了成本，提高了代币的使用效率，并安全高效地完成代币交易，为权益资产实时交易奠定了基础。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案包括以下各方面。
一种基于区块链的权益资产价值代币的创建方法，其包括：
在区块链网络中构建权益资产数据库；根据区块链网络的共识机制，为有权中介机构节点对权益资产数据库的数据写入分配权限；有权中介机构节点将经过审计的初期投入资本数据和对应公允价值数据写入权益资产数据库；有权中介机构节点实时将初期投入资本对应的公允当期超额回报估值写入权益资产数据库；
区块链网络中的各节点根据区块链网络的共识机制，对有权中介机构节点写入的所有数据打上时间戳，并进行符合性判定；当符合性判定通过时，区块链网络将权益资产数据库的数据更改内容或其哈希值写入区块中；
区块链网络根据权益资产数据库中的初期投入资本和对应的公允当期超额 回报估值数据，计算权益资产的公允合成价值；有权中介机构节点根据公允合成价值，计算该权益资产的代币数量。
优选的，所述权益资产数据库所运行的服务器独立设置并由第三方或者交易各方认可的中介机构来管理维护，以实现数据的物理隔离，并且仅将权益资产数据库中的数据哈希计算结果写入到区块链网络中的区块上。
优选的，所述方法包括直接将权益资产数据库中的数据写入到区块链网络中的区块上。
优选的，所述共识机制可以采用股份授权证明机制DpoS，将有权中介机构节点设置为区块链网络的见证人，见证人有权生成区块，在区块上写入数据；每一个持有权益资产的人通过投票选举见证人，得到总同意票数排名中的前N个候选者当选为见证人；并且，每个当选见证人的获得的超过一半参与投票者的认可。
优选的，所述方法采用复数记账方法：实部记录初期投入资本，虚部记录参考的公允当期超额回报估值。
优选的，所述方法包括将初期投入资本作为实部，将当期超额回报估值作为虚部，计算两种不同状态向量构成的合成向量模值，从而得出公允合成价值。
优选的，所述方法包括：设定单位参考公允权益代币价值，用公允合成价值除以单位参考公允权益代币价值从而得到待发行的代币数量。
一种基于区块链的权益资产价值代币的创建系统，其包括：多个运行区块链协议软件的区块链节点形成的区块链网络、一个或者多个有权中介机构节点、用于运行权益资产数据库的服务器、以及用于在所述区块链节点、有权中介机构节点和服务器之间进行数据传输的通信装置，该系统用于执行根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的方法。
一种基于区块链的权益资产价值代币的交易方法，其包括：
执行前述任一方法来创建权益资产代币；建立交易信息数据库、撮合与交易数据库、以及鉴证与交割数据库；并从权益资产数据库读取公允合成价值、单位参考公允权益代币价值、以及代币数量信息；
卖方通过区块链节点在交易信息数据库中将卖方有权处置的设定数量权益资产打上待卖出标签；买方通过区块链节点在交易信息数据库中将买方资金支付范围内的设定数量权益资产打上待买入标签；
撮合与交易数据库从交易信息数据库中读取具有待卖出标签和待买入标签的权益资产信息，并进行符合性校验和撮合匹配，将匹配成功的权益资产信息打上撮合成功的特征标记，并在通过符合性判定后将数据更改内容写入区块中；
撮合交易数据库根据具有撮合成功的特征标记的权益资产生成智能合约，通过通信装置推送至交易各方节点确认，并由第三方中介机构进行鉴证；从鉴证与交割数据库读取权益资产对应卖方和买方的数字签名信息来完成交易，并在通过符合性判定后将交易结果写入区块中。
一种基于区块链的权益资产价值代币的交易系统，其包括：多个运行区块链协议软件的区块链节点形成的区块链网络、一个或者多个有权中介机构节点、用于运行权益资产数据库、交易信息数据库、撮合与交易数据库和鉴证与交割数据库的服务器、以及用于在所述区块链节点、有权中介机构节点和服务器之间进行数据传输的通信装置，该系统用于执行前述交易方法。
综上所述，由于采用了上述技术方案，本发明至少具有以下有益效果：
通过引入复数，用实部表达权益类资产初期投入资本，用虚部表达当期超额回报估值，有区别地表达两种不同状态的权益价值，有利交易者对交易的权益价值增长方向与步幅做出过去难以做到的客观判断；复数的模更为准确地表述初 期价值(实部)与当期超额回报估值(虚部)两种不同状态向量构成的合成向量模值——合成价值，替代了当下简单的初期投入资本与当期超额回报估值代数和表述权益价值的方法；并且，应用合成价值将权益资产价值代币化，用代币化替代证券化，去掉了复杂并且繁琐的大量中间环节，降低了成本，提高了使用效率，为权益资产实时交易奠定了基础；基于服务器物理隔离、信息通信技术、区块链技术、加密技术和引入第三方权威中介机构参与公允价值数据录入和/或鉴证与监督等等手段的有机融合，全方位构建起了信用有保障的权益代币(资产)交易智能和便捷的交易系统。
附图说明
图1是根据本发明示例性实施例的基于区块链的权益资产价值代币的创建方法的流程。
图2是根据本发明示例性实施例的基于区块链的权益资产价值代币的创建系统的结构示意图。
图3示出了根据本发明实施例的基于区块链的权益资产价值代币的交易方法及系统的原理图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明，以使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
图1示出了根据本发明实施例的基于区块链的权益资产价值代币的创建方法的流程。下文以私募股权投资基金股权权益代币化为例，对该实施例的方法所包括的主要步骤进行详细说明。
步骤101：在区块链网络中构建权益资产数据库
其中，权益资产数据库所运行的服务器可以独立设置并由第三方或者交易各方认可的中介机构来管理维护，以实现数据的物理隔离，此方案可以仅将权益资产数据库中的数据哈希计算结果写入到区块链网络中的区块上。在区块链网络中的节点存储容量和计算速度达到较高要求的应用场景中，也可以直接将权益资产数据库中的数据写入到区块链网络中的区块上。
步骤102：根据区块链网络的共识机制，为有权中介机构节点对权益资产数据库的数据写入分配权限
示例性的共识机制可以采用股份授权证明机制(Delegated Proof of Stake，DPoS)，例如将有权中介机构节点设置为区块链网络的见证人，见证人可以生成区块，每一个持有权益资产的人都可以投票选举见证人。得到总同意票数排名中的前N个(N通常定义为101)候选者可以当选为见证人，当选见证人的个数需满足：至少一半的参与投票者相信N已经充分地去中心化。见证人的候选名单每个维护周期(例如1～10天)更新一次。见证人然后随机排列，每个见证人按序有2秒的权限时间生成区块，若见证人在给定的时间片不能生成区块，区块生成权限交给下一时间片对应的见证人。如果见证人提供的算力不稳定或计算机宕机等，持持有权益资产的人可以随时通过投票更换这些见证人。
步骤103：有权中介机构节点将经过审计的初期投入资本(即私募股权投资基金股权)数据和对应公允价值数据写入权益资产数据库
步骤104：有权中介机构节点实时将初期投入资本对应的公允当期超额回报估值写入权益资产数据库
其中，参考的公允当期超额回报估值可以来自公开市场上与初期投入资本对应的基金相关投资项目。
在步骤103和步骤104中，有权中介机构节点的计算机或服务器根据所分 配的权限可以采用复数记账方法：实部记录初期投入资本，虚部记录参考的公允当期超额回报估值。通过引入复数，用实部表达权益类资产初期投入资本，应用虚部表达当期超额回报估值，有区别地表达两种不同状态的权益价值，有利交易者对交易的权益价值增长方向与步幅做出过去难以做到的客观判断。
步骤105：区块链网络中的各节点根据区块链网络的共识机制，对有权中介机构节点写入的所有数据打上时间戳，并进行符合性判定
符合性判定包括对有权中介机构节点的写入权限以及该权限对应的写入时间进行判定。
步骤106：当符合性判定通过时，区块链网络将权益资产数据库的数据更改内容或其哈希值写入区块中
对于符合性判定未通过的情形，则拒绝向区块写入相应的数据，可以结束发行，或者转入步骤103，重新进行数据写入和相应的符合性判定。
步骤107：区块链网络根据权益资产数据库中的初期投入资本和对应的公允当期超额回报估值数据，计算权益资产的公允合成价值
具体地，将初期投入资本作为实部与当期超额回报估值作为虚部，计算两种不同状态向量构成的合成向量模值，从而得出公允合成价值。
步骤108：有权中介机构节点根据公允合成价值，计算该权益资产的代币数量
例如，可以设定单位参考公允权益代币价值，用公允合成价值除以单位参考公允权益代币价值从而得到待发行的代币数量，从而实现私募股权投资基金股权权益代币化。通过合成价值准确体现了权益资产的价值，并用代币化替代证券化，去掉了证券化复杂并且繁琐的大量中间环节，降低了成本，提高了使用效率，为权益资产实时交易奠定了基础。
图2示出了根据本发明实施例的基于区块链的权益资产价值代币的创建系统的结构示意图。该示例性实施例的系统包括多个运行区块链协议软件的区块链节点(或包括多个区块链节点的区块链节点集群)形成的区块链网络、一个或者多个有权中介机构节点、用于运行权益资产数据库的服务器、以及用于在所述区块链节点、有权中介机构节点、以及服务器之间进行数据传输的通信装置，该系统用于执行上述各实施例的方法中的一个或者多个步骤。其中，区块链节点和有权中介机构节点既可以是仅运行交易协议的计算终端(例如，个人电脑，智能手机等具有处理器、存储器以及输入输出装置的电子设备)，也可以是同时运行区块链协议和交易协议的具有高性能处理器和存储器的服务器。而该通信装置可以是运行TCP/IP等网络协议的互联网或者局域网通信装置，例如网络交换机、路由器等，通过多个通信装置和节点构成P2P通信网络。
图3示出了根据本发明实施例的基于区块链的权益资产价值代币的交易方法及系统的原理图。包括卖方、买方的各方交易参与者均可以通过区块链网络中的区块链节点参与交易，进行数据写入、投票等。在通过上述实施例的方法和系统完成待交易的投资组合或者和待发行权益的代币化之后，首先采用类似的方法和系统建立交易信息数据库、撮合与交易数据库、以及鉴证与交割数据库。并从权益资产数据库读取公允合成价值、单位参考公允权益代币价值、以及代币数量信息。
卖方通过区块链节点在交易信息数据库中将卖方有权处置的设定数量权益资产打上“待卖出”标签，即写入相应的标签数据。其中，卖方有权处置的权益资产范围通过区块链网络的数值签名和非对称加密验证来确定，并经过有权中介机构节点根据公允市场数据进行交易鉴证对比，实现交易监督；设定数量为卖方根据需要在权益资产范围内设置的任意数量。区块链网络中的各节点根据区 块链网络的共识机制，对卖方通过区块链节点写入的所有数据打上时间戳，并进行符合性判定，并当符合性判定通过时将数据更改内容写入区块中。
买方通过区块链节点在交易信息数据库中将买方资金支付范围内的设定数量权益资产打上“待买入”标签，即写入相应的标签数据，并在通过符合性判定后将数据更改内容写入区块中。
撮合与交易数据库从交易信息数据库中读取具有“待卖出”标签和“待买入”标签的权益资产信息，并进行符合性校验和撮合匹配，将匹配成功的权益资产信息打上“撮合成功”的特征标记，并在通过符合性判定后将数据更改内容写入区块中。
撮合交易数据库根据具有“撮合成功”的特征标记的权益资产生成智能合约，通过通信装置推送至交易各方节点确认，并由第三方中介机构(例如有权中介机构节点)进行鉴证。进一步地，可以从鉴证与交割数据库读取权益资产对应卖方和买方的数字签名信息来完成交易，并在通过符合性判定后将交易结果写入区块中。如果交易成功，则卖方获得买方所支付的资金，买方获得代币的所代表的权益资产；如果交易不成功，则在预定时间段之后将撮合交易数据库中相应“撮合成功”的特征标记删除，并同步更新权益资产数据库、交易信息数据库、撮合与交易数据库、以及鉴证与交割数据库中交易权益资产的对应数据，并在通过符合性判定后将数据更改内容写入区块中。
在上述的实施例中，针对每一次交易，参与交易的各方可以选择公开身份或者隐名参与交易，具体地，虽然在区块链网络中，交易参与者使用的地址链接具有匿名性，并不与特定的用户进行对应绑定，但本系统可以根据参与者的选择在上述的任一数据库中将身份标识信息与特定的权益资产进行对应标注，从而实现公开身份交易。
在发明所提供的上述实施例中，应该理解到，所揭露的系统和方法，可以通过其它的方式实现。以上所描述的实施例仅仅是示意性的，例如，所述节点、模块、组件、单元的划分，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式，如：多个单元或组件可以结合，或可以集成到另一个系统，或一些特征可以忽略，或不执行。另外，所显示或讨论的各组成部分相互之间的耦合、或直接耦合、或通信连接可以是通过一些接口，设备或单元的间接耦合或通信连接，可以是电性的、机械的或其它形式的。
上述作为分离部件说明的单元、模块、器件、组件等可以是、或也可以不是物理上分开的，作为单元显示的部件可以是、或也可以不是物理单元；既可以位于一个地方，也可以分布到多个网络单元上；可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或全部单元来实现本实施例方案的目的。
另外，在本发明各实施例中的各单元、模块、器件、组件等可以全部集成在一个单元中，也可以是各单元分别单独作为一个单元，也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单元中；上述集成的单元既可以采用硬件的形式实现，也可以采用硬件加软件功能单元的形式实现。
本领域技术人员可以理解：实现上述方法实施例的全部或部分步骤可以通过程序指令相关的硬件来完成，前述的程序可以存储于计算机可读取存储介质中，该程序在执行时，执行包括上述方法实施例的步骤中的一步或者多步，且可以不完全与上述实施例中的顺序相同而进行任意组合；而前述的的各种数据、文件、以及指令可以采用的存储介质包括：移动存储设备、只读存储器(Read Only Memory，ROM)、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储数据或程序代码的介质。
当本发明上述集成的单元以软件功能单元的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时，也可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。基于这样的理解，本 发明实施例的技术方案本质上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来，该计算机软件产品存储在一个存储介质中，包括若干指令用以使得一台计算机设备(可以是个人计算机、服务器、或者网络设备等)执行本发明各个实施例所述方法的全部或部分。而前述的存储介质包括：移动存储设备、ROM、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。
以上所述，仅为本发明具体实施方式的详细说明，而非对本发明的限制。相关技术领域的技术人员在不脱离本发明的原则和范围的情况下，做出的各种替换、变型以及改进均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种基于区块链的权益资产价值代币的创建方法，其特征在于，所述包括：
    在区块链网络中构建权益资产数据库；根据区块链网络的共识机制，为有权中介机构节点对权益资产数据库的数据写入分配权限；有权中介机构节点将经过审计的初期投入资本数据和对应公允价值数据写入权益资产数据库；有权中介机构节点实时将初期投入资本对应的公允当期超额回报估值写入权益资产数据库；
    区块链网络中的各节点根据区块链网络的共识机制，对有权中介机构节点写入的所有数据打上时间戳，并进行符合性判定；当符合性判定通过时，区块链网络将权益资产数据库的数据更改内容或其哈希值写入区块中；
    区块链网络根据权益资产数据库中的初期投入资本和对应的公允当期超额回报估值数据，计算权益资产的公允合成价值；有权中介机构节点根据公允合成价值，计算该权益资产的代币数量。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述权益资产数据库所运行的服务器独立设置并由第三方或者交易各方认可的中介机构来管理维护，以实现数据的物理隔离，并且仅将权益资产数据库中的数据哈希计算结果写入到区块链网络中的区块上。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括直接将权益资产数据库中的数据写入到区块链网络中的区块上。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述共识机制采用股份授权证明机制DpoS，将有权中介机构节点设置为区块链网络的见证人，见证人有权生成区块，在区块上写入数据；每一个持有权益资产的人通过投票选举见证人，得到总同意票数排名中的前N个候选者当选为见证人；并且，每个当选见证人 的获得的超过一半参与投票者的认可。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法采用复数记账方法：实部记录初期投入资本，虚部记录参考的公允当期超额回报估值。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括将初期投入资本作为实部，将当期超额回报估值作为虚部，计算两种不同状态向量构成的合成向量模值，从而得出公允合成价值。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：设定单位参考公允权益代币价值，用公允合成价值除以单位参考公允权益代币价值从而得到待发行的代币数量。
  8. 一种基于区块链的权益资产价值代币的创建系统，其特征在于，所述系统包括：多个运行区块链协议软件的区块链节点形成的区块链网络、一个或者多个有权中介机构节点、用于运行权益资产数据库的服务器、以及用于在所述区块链节点、有权中介机构节点和服务器之间进行数据传输的通信装置，该系统用于执行根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的方法。
  9. 一种基于区块链的权益资产价值代币的交易方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：
    执行根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的方法来创建权益资产代币；建立交易信息数据库、撮合与交易数据库、以及鉴证与交割数据库；并从权益资产数据库读取公允合成价值、单位参考公允权益代币价值、以及代币数量信息；
    卖方通过区块链节点在交易信息数据库中将卖方有权处置的设定数量权益资产打上待卖出标签；买方通过区块链节点在交易信息数据库中将买方资金支付范围内的设定数量权益资产打上待买入标签；
    撮合与交易数据库从交易信息数据库中读取具有待卖出标签和待买入标签 的权益资产信息，并进行符合性校验和撮合匹配，将匹配成功的权益资产信息打上撮合成功的特征标记，并在通过符合性判定后将数据更改内容写入区块中；
    撮合交易数据库根据具有撮合成功的特征标记的权益资产生成智能合约，通过通信装置推送至交易各方节点确认，并由第三方中介机构进行鉴证；从鉴证与交割数据库读取权益资产对应卖方和买方的数字签名信息来完成交易，并在通过符合性判定后将交易结果写入区块中。
  10. 一种基于区块链的权益资产价值代币的交易系统，其特征在于，所述系统包括：多个运行区块链协议软件的区块链节点形成的区块链网络、一个或者多个有权中介机构节点、用于运行权益资产数据库、交易信息数据库、撮合与交易数据库和鉴证与交割数据库的服务器、以及用于在所述区块链节点、有权中介机构节点和服务器之间进行数据传输的通信装置，该系统用于执行根据权利要求9所述的方法。
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