WO2019241904A1 - Signature sélective pour systèmes d'accès multiple - Google Patents

Signature sélective pour systèmes d'accès multiple Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019241904A1
WO2019241904A1 PCT/CN2018/091758 CN2018091758W WO2019241904A1 WO 2019241904 A1 WO2019241904 A1 WO 2019241904A1 CN 2018091758 W CN2018091758 W CN 2018091758W WO 2019241904 A1 WO2019241904 A1 WO 2019241904A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
resources
frame
frames
amount
wireless nodes
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PCT/CN2018/091758
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English (en)
Inventor
Kai Chen
Chao Wei
Changlong Xu
Hao Xu
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Qualcomm Incorporated
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Publication date
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Priority to PCT/CN2018/091758 priority Critical patent/WO2019241904A1/fr
Publication of WO2019241904A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019241904A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J11/00—Orthogonal multiplex systems, e.g. using WALSH codes
    • H04J11/0023—Interference mitigation or co-ordination
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J11/00—Orthogonal multiplex systems, e.g. using WALSH codes
    • H04J11/0023—Interference mitigation or co-ordination
    • H04J11/0026—Interference mitigation or co-ordination of multi-user interference
    • H04J11/0036—Interference mitigation or co-ordination of multi-user interference at the receiver
    • H04J11/004—Interference mitigation or co-ordination of multi-user interference at the receiver using regenerative subtractive interference cancellation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J13/00—Code division multiplex systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
    • H04L25/38—Synchronous or start-stop systems, e.g. for Baudot code
    • H04L25/40—Transmitting circuits; Receiving circuits
    • H04L25/49—Transmitting circuits; Receiving circuits using code conversion at the transmitter; using predistortion; using insertion of idle bits for obtaining a desired frequency spectrum; using three or more amplitude levels ; Baseband coding techniques specific to data transmission systems
    • H04L25/4917—Transmitting circuits; Receiving circuits using code conversion at the transmitter; using predistortion; using insertion of idle bits for obtaining a desired frequency spectrum; using three or more amplitude levels ; Baseband coding techniques specific to data transmission systems using multilevel codes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/18—Phase-modulated carrier systems, i.e. using phase-shift keying
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/12—Wireless traffic scheduling
    • H04W72/1263—Mapping of traffic onto schedule, e.g. scheduled allocation or multiplexing of flows
    • H04W72/1268—Mapping of traffic onto schedule, e.g. scheduled allocation or multiplexing of flows of uplink data flows

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates generally to wireless communication systems, and more particularly, to techniques for selecting one or more sequences for Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) .
  • NOMA Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access
  • Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various telecommunication services such as telephony, video, data, messaging, and broadcasts.
  • Typical wireless communication systems may employ multiple-access technologies capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., bandwidth, transmit power) .
  • multiple-access technologies include Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, and time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA) systems.
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • CDMA code division multiple access
  • TDMA time division multiple access
  • FDMA frequency division multiple access
  • OFDMA orthogonal frequency division multiple access
  • SC-FDMA single-carrier frequency division multiple access
  • TD-SCDMA time division synchronous code division multiple access
  • a wireless multiple-access communication system may include a number of base stations, each simultaneously supporting communication for multiple communication devices, otherwise known as user equipment (UEs) .
  • UEs user equipment
  • a set of one or more base stations may define an eNodeB (eNB) .
  • eNB eNodeB
  • a wireless multiple access communication system may include a number of distributed units (DUs) (e.g., edge units (EUs) , edge nodes (ENs) , radio heads (RHs) , smart radio heads (SRHs) , transmission reception points (TRPs) , etc.
  • DUs distributed units
  • EUs edge units
  • ENs edge nodes
  • RHs radio heads
  • SSRHs smart radio heads
  • TRPs transmission reception points
  • CUs central units
  • CUs central units
  • CNs central nodes
  • ANCs access node controllers
  • a set of one or more distributed units, in communication with a central unit may define an access node (e.g., a new radio base station (NR BS) , a new radio node-B (NR NB) , a network node, 5G NB, eNB, etc. ) .
  • NR BS new radio base station
  • NR NB new radio node-B
  • 5G NB 5G NB
  • eNB evolved Node controller
  • a base station or DU may communicate with a set of UEs on downlink channels (e.g., for transmissions from a base station or to a UE) and uplink channels (e.g., for transmissions from a UE to a base station or distributed unit) .
  • downlink channels e.g., for transmissions from a base station or to a UE
  • uplink channels e.g., for transmissions from a UE to a base station or distributed unit
  • NR new radio
  • 3GPP Third Generation Partnership Project
  • Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide techniques for balancing data communication capacities of multiple users involved in non-Orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) communication.
  • NOMA non-Orthogonal multiple access
  • Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide a method for wireless communication by an apparatus.
  • the method generally includes determining an amount of resources that is to be left blank in a frame to increase a balance between a data communication capacity of the apparatus as compared to one or more other wireless nodes, generating the frame based on the amount of resources, and transmitting the frame.
  • Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide a method for wireless communication by an apparatus.
  • the method generally includes receiving a plurality of frames from a plurality of wireless nodes, wherein resources are left blank in at least one of the plurality of frames to increase a balance between data communication capacities of the plurality of wireless nodes, and decoding the plurality of frames received from the plurality of wireless nodes.
  • the apparatus generally includes a processing system configured to determine an amount of resources that is to be left blank in a frame to increase a balance between a data communication capacity of the apparatus as compared to one or more other wireless nodes, generate the frame based on the amount of resources and a transmitter configured to transmit the frame.
  • the apparatus generally includes a receiver configured to receive a plurality of frames from a plurality of wireless nodes, wherein resources are left blank in at least one of the plurality of frames to increase a balance between data communication capacities of the plurality of wireless nodes, and a processing system configured to decode the plurality of frames received from the plurality of wireless nodes.
  • the apparatus generally includes means for determining an amount of resources that is to be left blank in a frame to increase a balance between a data communication capacity of the apparatus as compared to one or more other wireless nodes, means for generating the frame based on the amount of resources, and means for transmitting the frame.
  • the apparatus generally includes means for receiving a plurality of frames from a plurality of wireless nodes, wherein resources are left blank in at least one of the plurality of frames to increase a balance between data communication capacities of the plurality of wireless nodes, and means for decoding the plurality of frames received from the plurality of wireless nodes.
  • Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide a computer-readable medium having instruction stored thereon to cause an apparatus to determine an amount of resources that is to be left blank in a frame to increase a balance between a data communication capacity of the apparatus as compared to one or more other wireless nodes, generate the frame based on the amount of resources, and transmit the frame.
  • Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide a computer-readable medium having instruction stored thereon to cause an apparatus to receive a plurality of frames from a plurality of wireless nodes, wherein resources are left blank in at least one of the plurality of frames to increase a balance between data communication capacities of the plurality of wireless nodes, and decode the plurality of frames received from the plurality of wireless nodes.
  • the one or more aspects comprise the features hereinafter fully described and particularly pointed out in the claims.
  • the following description and the annexed drawings set forth in detail certain illustrative features of the one or more aspects. These features are indicative, however, of but a few of the various ways in which the principles of various aspects may be employed, and this description is intended to include all such aspects and their equivalents.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram conceptually illustrating an example telecommunications system, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an example logical architecture of a distributed RAN, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example physical architecture of a distributed RAN, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 4 is a block diagram conceptually illustrating a design of an example BS and user equipment (UE) , in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram showing examples for implementing a communication protocol stack, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates an example of a downlink-centric (DL-centric) subframe, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates an example of an uplink-centric (UL-centric) subframe, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 8 is a graph illustrating the difference in data communication capacity, due to successive interference cancellation (SIC) decoding, of frames from multiple UEs transmitted using binary phase shift keying (BPSK) , in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.
  • SIC successive interference cancellation
  • BPSK binary phase shift keying
  • FIG. 9 is a graph illustrating the difference in data communication capacity, due to SIC decoding, of frames from multiple UEs transmitted using 4 pulse-amplitude modulation (4PAM) , in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.
  • 4PAM pulse-amplitude modulation
  • FIG. 10 is a graph illustrating the difference in data communication capacity, due to using different modulation and coding schemes (MCSs) , of frames from multiple UEs, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.
  • MCSs modulation and coding schemes
  • FIG. 11 is flow diagram illustrating example operations for wireless communication by a user-equipment (UE) , in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.
  • UE user-equipment
  • FIG. 12 is flow diagram illustrating example operations for wireless communication by a base station, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 13 illustrates an example selective signature technique for allocating of resources in resource blocks (RBs) decoded using SIC, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 14 illustrates a grant-free technique for determining the amount of resources being left blank in a RB, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 15 illustrates a grant-based technique for determining the amount of resource to be left blank in a RB, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 16 is a graph illustrating the difference in data capacity, due to SIC decoding, of frames from multiple UEs transmitted using BPSK, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 17 is a graph illustrating the difference in data communication capacity, due to SIC decoding, of frames from multiple UEs transmitted using 4PAM, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIGs. 18A and 18B are graphs illustrating the difference in data capacity, due to using different MCSs, of frames from multiple UEs, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.
  • Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) communication protocol allows for simultaneous transmission of more than one layer of data for more than one UE without time, frequency or spatial domain separation. For example, different layers of data may be separated by using interference cancellation or iterative detection at the receiver.
  • NOMA orthogonal multiple access
  • NR may support various wireless communication services, such as Enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) targeting wide bandwidth (e.g. 100 MHz) , millimeter wave (mmW) targeting high carrier frequency (e.g. 28 GHz) , massive MTC (mMTC) targeting non-backward compatible MTC techniques, and/or mission critical targeting ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC) .
  • eMBB Enhanced mobile broadband
  • mmW millimeter wave
  • mMTC massive MTC
  • URLLC ultra-reliable low latency communications
  • These services may include latency and reliability requirements.
  • These services may also have different transmission time intervals (TTI) to meet respective quality of service (QoS) requirements.
  • TTI transmission time intervals
  • QoS quality of service
  • these services may co-exist in the same subframe.
  • a CDMA network may implement a radio technology such as Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) , cdma2000, etc.
  • UTRA includes Wideband CDMA (WCDMA) and other variants of CDMA.
  • cdma2000 covers IS-2000, IS-95 and IS-856 standards.
  • a TDMA network may implement a radio technology such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) .
  • An OFDMA network may implement a radio technology such as NR (e.g.
  • E-UTRA Evolved UTRA
  • UMB Ultra Mobile Broadband
  • IEEE 802.11 Wi-Fi
  • IEEE 802.16 WiMAX
  • IEEE 802.20 Flash-OFDMA
  • UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunication System
  • NR is an emerging wireless communications technology under development in conjunction with the 5G Technology Forum (5GTF) .
  • 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) and LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) are releases of UMTS that use E-UTRA.
  • UTRA, E-UTRA, UMTS, LTE, LTE-A and GSM are described in documents from an organization named “3rd Generation Partnership Project” (3GPP) .
  • cdma2000 and UMB are described in documents from an organization named “3rd Generation Partnership Project 2” (3GPP2) .
  • the techniques described herein may be used for the wireless networks and radio technologies mentioned above as well as other wireless networks and radio technologies. For clarity, while aspects may be described herein using terminology commonly associated with 3G and/or 4G wireless technologies, aspects of the present disclosure can be applied in other generation-based communication systems, such as 5G and later, including NR technologies.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an example wireless network 100, such as a new radio (NR) or 5G network, in which aspects of the present disclosure may be performed.
  • NR new radio
  • 5G 5th Generation
  • the wireless network 100 may include a number of BSs 110 and other network entities.
  • a BS may be a station that communicates with UEs.
  • Each BS 110 may provide communication coverage for a particular geographic area.
  • the term “cell” can refer to a coverage area of a Node B and/or a Node B subsystem serving this coverage area, depending on the context in which the term is used.
  • the term “cell” and eNB, Node B, 5G NB, AP, NR BS, NR BS, or TRP may be interchangeable.
  • a cell may not necessarily be stationary, and the geographic area of the cell may move according to the location of a mobile base station.
  • the base stations may be interconnected to one another and/or to one or more other base stations or network nodes (not shown) in the wireless network 100 through various types of backhaul interfaces such as a direct physical connection, a virtual network, or the like using any suitable transport network.
  • any number of wireless networks may be deployed in a given geographic area.
  • Each wireless network may support a particular radio access technology (RAT) and may operate on one or more frequencies.
  • a RAT may also be referred to as a radio technology, an air interface, etc.
  • a frequency may also be referred to as a carrier, a frequency channel, etc.
  • Each frequency may support a single RAT in a given geographic area in order to avoid interference between wireless networks of different RATs.
  • NR or 5G RAT networks may be deployed.
  • a BS may provide communication coverage for a macro cell, a pico cell, a femto cell, and/or other types of cell.
  • a macro cell may cover a relatively large geographic area (e.g., several kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted access by UEs with service subscription.
  • a pico cell may cover a relatively small geographic area and may allow unrestricted access by UEs with service subscription.
  • a femto cell may cover a relatively small geographic area (e.g., a home) and may allow restricted access by UEs having association with the femto cell (e.g., UEs in a Closed Subscriber Group (CSG) , UEs for users in the home, etc. ) .
  • CSG Closed Subscriber Group
  • a BS for a macro cell may be referred to as a macro BS.
  • a BS for a pico cell may be referred to as a pico BS.
  • a BS for a femto cell may be referred to as a femto BS or a home BS.
  • the BSs 110a, 110b and 110c may be macro BSs for the macro cells 102a, 102b and 102c, respectively.
  • the BS 110x may be a pico BS for a pico cell 102x.
  • the BSs 110y and 110z may be femto BS for the femto cells 102y and 102z, respectively.
  • a BS may support one or multiple (e.g., three) cells.
  • the wireless network 100 may also include relay stations.
  • a relay station is a station that receives a transmission of data and/or other information from an upstream station (e.g., a BS or a UE) and sends a transmission of the data and/or other information to a downstream station (e.g., a UE or a BS) .
  • a relay station may also be a UE that relays transmissions for other UEs.
  • a relay station 110r may communicate with the BS 110a and a UE 120r in order to facilitate communication between the BS 110a and the UE 120r.
  • a relay station may also be referred to as a relay BS, a relay, etc.
  • the wireless network 100 may be a heterogeneous network that includes BSs of different types, e.g., macro BS, pico BS, femto BS, relays, etc. These different types of BSs may have different transmit power levels, different coverage areas, and different impact on interference in the wireless network 100.
  • macro BS may have a high transmit power level (e.g., 20 Watts) whereas pico BS, femto BS, and relays may have a lower transmit power level (e.g., 1 Watt) .
  • the wireless network 100 may support synchronous or asynchronous operation.
  • the BSs may have similar frame timing, and transmissions from different BSs may be approximately aligned in time.
  • the BSs may have different frame timing, and transmissions from different BSs may not be aligned in time.
  • the techniques described herein may be used for both synchronous and asynchronous operation.
  • a network controller 130 may be coupled to a set of BSs and provide coordination and control for these BSs.
  • the network controller 130 may communicate with the BSs 110 via a backhaul.
  • the BSs 110 may also communicate with one another, e.g., directly or indirectly via wireless or wireline backhaul.
  • the UEs 120 may be dispersed throughout the wireless network 100, and each UE may be stationary or mobile.
  • a UE may also be referred to as a mobile station, a terminal, an access terminal, a subscriber unit, a station, a Customer Premises Equipment (CPE) , a cellular phone, a smart phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a wireless modem, a wireless communication device, a handheld device, a laptop computer, a cordless phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a tablet, a camera, a gaming device, a netbook, a smartbook, an ultrabook, a medical device or medical equipment, a biometric sensor/device, a healthcare device, a medical device, a wearable device such as a smart watch, smart clothing, smart glasses, virtual reality goggles, a smart wrist band, smart jewelry (e.g., a smart ring, a smart bracelet, etc.
  • CPE Customer Premises Equipment
  • PDA personal
  • MTC machine-type communication
  • eMTC enhanced or evolved MTC
  • MTC UEs may include UEs that are capable of MTC communications with MTC servers and/or other MTC devices through Public Land Mobile Networks (PLMN) , for example.
  • Some UEs may be considered Internet of Things devices.
  • the Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of physical objects or "things" embedded with, e.g., electronics, software, sensors, and network connectivity, which enable these objects to collect and exchange data.
  • the Internet of Things allows objects to be sensed and controlled remotely across existing network infrastructure, creating opportunities for more direct integration between the physical world and computer-based systems, and resulting in improved efficiency, accuracy and economic benefit.
  • Narrowband IoT is a technology being standardized by the 3GPP standards body. This technology is a narrowband radio technology specially designed for the IoT, hence its name. Special focuses of this standard are on indoor coverage, low cost, long battery life and large number of devices.
  • MTC/eMTC and/or IoT UEs include, for example, robots, drones, remote devices, sensors, meters, monitors, location tags, etc., that may communicate with a BS, another device (e.g., remote device) , or some other entity.
  • a wireless node may provide, for example, connectivity for or to a network (e.g., a wide area network such as Internet or a cellular network) via a wired or wireless communication link.
  • a solid line with double arrows indicates desired transmissions between a UE and a serving BS, which is a BS designated to serve the UE on the downlink and/or uplink.
  • a dashed line with double arrows indicates interfering transmissions between a UE and a BS.
  • Certain wireless networks utilize orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) on the downlink and single-carrier frequency division multiplexing (SC-FDM) on the uplink.
  • OFDM and SC-FDM partition the system bandwidth (e.g., system frequency band) into multiple (K) orthogonal subcarriers, which are also commonly referred to as tones, bins, etc.
  • K orthogonal subcarriers
  • Each subcarrier may be modulated with data.
  • modulation symbols are sent in the frequency domain with OFDM and in the time domain with SC-FDM.
  • the spacing between adjacent subcarriers may be fixed, and the total number of subcarriers (K) may be dependent on the system bandwidth.
  • the spacing of the subcarriers may be 15 kHz and the minimum resource allocation (called a ‘resource block’ ) may be 12 subcarriers (or 180 kHz) . Consequently, the nominal FFT size may be equal to 128, 256, 512, 1024 or 2048 for system bandwidth of 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 or 20 megahertz (MHz) , respectively.
  • the system bandwidth may also be partitioned into subbands. For example, a subband may cover 1.08 MHz (i.e., 6 resource blocks) , and there may be 1, 2, 4, 8 or 16 subbands for system bandwidth of 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 or 20 MHz, respectively.
  • NR may utilize OFDM with a CP on the uplink and downlink and include support for half-duplex operation using time division duplex (TDD) .
  • TDD time division duplex
  • a single component carrier bandwidth of 100 MHz may be supported.
  • NR resource blocks may span 12 sub-carriers with a sub-carrier bandwidth of 75 kHz over a 0.1 ms duration.
  • Each radio frame may consist of 50 subframes with a length of 10 ms. Consequently, each subframe may have a length of 0.2 ms.
  • Each subframe may indicate a link direction (i.e., DL or UL) for data transmission and the link direction for each subframe may be dynamically switched.
  • Each subframe may include DL/UL data as well as DL/UL control data.
  • UL and DL subframes for NR may be as described in more detail below with respect to FIGs. 6 and 7.
  • Beamforming may be supported and beam direction may be dynamically configured.
  • MIMO transmissions with precoding may also be supported.
  • MIMO configurations in the DL may support up to 8 transmit antennas with multi-layer DL transmissions up to 8 streams and up to 2 streams per UE. Multi-layer transmissions with up to 2 streams per UE may be supported. Aggregation of multiple cells may be supported with up to 8 serving cells.
  • NR may support a different air interface, other than an OFDM-based.
  • NR networks may include entities such CUs and/or DUs.
  • a scheduling entity e.g., a base station
  • the scheduling entity may be responsible for scheduling, assigning, reconfiguring, and releasing resources for one or more subordinate entities. That is, for scheduled communication, subordinate entities utilize resources allocated by the scheduling entity.
  • Base stations are not the only entities that may function as a scheduling entity. That is, in some examples, a UE may function as a scheduling entity, scheduling resources for one or more subordinate entities (e.g., one or more other UEs) .
  • the UE is functioning as a scheduling entity, and other UEs utilize resources scheduled by the UE for wireless communication.
  • a UE may function as a scheduling entity in a peer-to-peer (P2P) network, and/or in a mesh network.
  • P2P peer-to-peer
  • UEs may optionally communicate directly with one another in addition to communicating with the scheduling entity.
  • a scheduling entity and one or more subordinate entities may communicate utilizing the scheduled resources.
  • a RAN may include a CU and DUs.
  • a NR BS e.g., eNB, 5G Node B, Node B, transmission reception point (TRP) , access point (AP)
  • NR cells can be configured as access cell (ACells) or data only cells (DCells) .
  • the RAN e.g., a central unit or distributed unit
  • DCells may be cells used for carrier aggregation or dual connectivity, but not used for initial access, cell selection/reselection, or handover. In some cases DCells may not transmit synchronization signals-in some case cases DCells may transmit SS.
  • NR BSs may transmit downlink signals to UEs indicating the cell type. Based on the cell type indication, the UE may communicate with the NR BS. For example, the UE may determine NR BSs to consider for cell selection, access, handover, and/or measurement based on the indicated cell type.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an example logical architecture of a distributed radio access network (RAN) 200, which may be implemented in the wireless communication system illustrated in FIG. 1.
  • a 5G access node 206 may include an access node controller (ANC) 202.
  • the ANC may be a central unit (CU) of the distributed RAN 200.
  • the backhaul interface to the next generation core network (NG-CN) 204 may terminate at the ANC.
  • the backhaul interface to neighboring next generation access nodes (NG-ANs) may terminate at the ANC.
  • the ANC may include one or more TRPs 208 (which may also be referred to as BSs, NR BSs, Node Bs, 5G NBs, APs, or some other term) .
  • TRPs 208 which may also be referred to as BSs, NR BSs, Node Bs, 5G NBs, APs, or some other term.
  • TRP may be used interchangeably with “cell. ”
  • the TRPs 208 may be a DU.
  • the TRPs may be connected to one ANC (ANC 202) or more than one ANC (not illustrated) .
  • ANC ANC
  • RaaS radio as a service
  • a TRP may include one or more antenna ports.
  • the TRPs may be configured to individually (e.g., dynamic selection) or jointly (e.g., joint transmission) serve traffic to a UE.
  • the local architecture 200 may be used to illustrate fronthaul definition.
  • the architecture may be defined that support fronthauling solutions across different deployment types.
  • the architecture may be based on transmit network capabilities (e.g., bandwidth, latency, and/or jitter) .
  • the architecture may share features and/or components with LTE.
  • the next generation AN (NG-AN) 210 may support dual connectivity with NR.
  • the NG-AN may share a common fronthaul for LTE and NR.
  • the architecture may enable cooperation between and among TRPs 208. For example, cooperation may be preset within a TRP and/or across TRPs via the ANC 202. According to aspects, no inter-TRP interface may be needed/present.
  • a dynamic configuration of split logical functions may be present within the architecture 200.
  • the Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer, Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, Medium Access Control (MAC) layer, and a Physical (PHY) layers may be adaptably placed at the DU or CU (e.g., TRP or ANC, respectively) .
  • a BS may include a central unit (CU) (e.g., ANC 202) and/or one or more distributed units (e.g., one or more TRPs 208) .
  • CU central unit
  • distributed units e.g., one or more TRPs 208 .
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an example physical architecture of a distributed RAN 300, according to aspects of the present disclosure.
  • a centralized core network unit (C-CU) 302 may host core network functions.
  • the C-CU may be centrally deployed.
  • C-CU functionality may be offloaded (e.g., to advanced wireless services (AWS) ) , in an effort to handle peak capacity.
  • AWS advanced wireless services
  • a centralized RAN unit (C-RU) 304 may host one or more ANC functions.
  • the C-RU may host core network functions locally.
  • the C-RU may have distributed deployment.
  • the C-RU may be closer to the network edge.
  • a DU 306 may host one or more TRPs (edge node (EN) , an edge unit (EU) , a radio head (RH) , a smart radio head (SRH) , or the like) .
  • the DU may be located at edges of the network with radio frequency (RF) functionality.
  • RF radio frequency
  • FIG. 4 illustrates example components of the BS 110 and UE 120 illustrated in FIG. 1, which may be used to implement aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the BS may include a TRP.
  • One or more components of the BS 110 and UE 120 may be used to practice aspects of the present disclosure.
  • antennas 452, Tx/Rx 222, processors 466, 458, 464, and/or controller/processor 480 of the UE 120 and/or antennas 434, processors 460, 420, 438, and/or controller/processor 440 of the BS 110 may be used to perform the operations described herein and illustrated with reference to FIGs. 9-13.
  • FIG. 4 shows a block diagram of a design of a BS 110 and a UE 120, which may be one of the BSs and one of the UEs in FIG. 1.
  • the base station 110 may be the macro BS 110c in FIG. 1, and the UE 120 may be the UE 120y.
  • the base station 110 may also be a base station of some other type.
  • the base station 110 may be equipped with antennas 434a through 434t, and the UE 120 may be equipped with antennas 452a through 452r.
  • a transmit processor 420 may receive data from a data source 412 and control information from a controller/processor 440.
  • the control information may be for the Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) , Physical Control Format Indicator Channel (PCFICH) , Physical Hybrid ARQ Indicator Channel (PHICH) , Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) , etc.
  • the data may be for the Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) , etc.
  • the processor 420 may process (e.g., encode and symbol map) the data and control information to obtain data symbols and control symbols, respectively.
  • the processor 420 may also generate reference symbols, e.g., for the PSS, SSS, and cell-specific reference signal.
  • a transmit (TX) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) processor 430 may perform spatial processing (e.g., precoding) on the data symbols, the control symbols, and/or the reference symbols, if applicable, and may provide output symbol streams to the modulators (MODs) 432a through 432t.
  • the TX MIMO processor 430 may perform certain aspects described herein for RS multiplexing.
  • Each modulator 432 may process a respective output symbol stream (e.g., for OFDM, etc. ) to obtain an output sample stream.
  • Each modulator 432 may further process (e.g., convert to analog, amplify, filter, and upconvert) the output sample stream to obtain a downlink signal.
  • Downlink signals from modulators 432a through 432t may be transmitted via the antennas 434a through 434t, respectively.
  • the antennas 452a through 452r may receive the downlink signals from the base station 110 and may provide received signals to the demodulators (DEMODs) 454a through 454r, respectively.
  • Each demodulator 454 may condition (e.g., filter, amplify, downconvert, and digitize) a respective received signal to obtain input samples.
  • Each demodulator 454 may further process the input samples (e.g., for OFDM, etc. ) to obtain received symbols.
  • a MIMO detector 456 may obtain received symbols from all the demodulators 454a through 454r, perform MIMO detection on the received symbols if applicable, and provide detected symbols. For example, MIMO detector 456 may provide detected RS transmitted using techniques described herein.
  • a receive processor 458 may process (e.g., demodulate, deinterleave, and decode) the detected symbols, provide decoded data for the UE 120 to a data sink 460, and provide decoded control information to a controller/processor 480.
  • CoMP aspects can include providing the antennas, as well as some Tx/Rx functionalities, such that they reside in distributed units. For example, some Tx/Rx processing can be done in the central unit, while other processing can be done at the distributed units. For example, in accordance with one or more aspects as shown in the diagram, the BS mod/demod 432 may be in the distributed units.
  • a transmit processor 464 may receive and process data (e.g., for the Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) ) from a data source 462 and control information (e.g., for the Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) from the controller/processor 480.
  • the transmit processor 464 may also generate reference symbols for a reference signal.
  • the symbols from the transmit processor 464 may be precoded by a TX MIMO processor 466 if applicable, further processed by the demodulators 454a through 454r (e.g., for SC-FDM, etc. ) , and transmitted to the base station 110.
  • the uplink signals from the UE 120 may be received by the antennas 434, processed by the modulators 432, detected by a MIMO detector 436 if applicable, and further processed by a receive processor 438 to obtain decoded data and control information sent by the UE 120.
  • the receive processor 438 may provide the decoded data to a data sink 439 and the decoded control information to the controller/processor 440.
  • the controllers/processors 440 and 480 may direct the operation at the base station 110 and the UE 120, respectively.
  • the processor 440 and/or other processors and modules at the base station 110 may perform or direct, e.g., the processes for the techniques described herein.
  • the processor 480 and/or other processors and modules at the UE 120 may also perform or direct, e.g., execution of the functional blocks illustrated in FIG. 10, and/or other processes for the techniques described herein.
  • the memories 442 and 482 may store data and program codes for the BS 110 and the UE 120, respectively.
  • a scheduler 444 may schedule UEs for data transmission on the downlink and/or uplink.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a diagram 500 showing examples for implementing a communications protocol stack, according to aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the illustrated communications protocol stacks may be implemented by devices operating in a in a 5G system (e.g., a system that supports uplink-based mobility) .
  • Diagram 500 illustrates a communications protocol stack including a Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer 510, a Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer 515, a Radio Link Control (RLC) layer 520, a Medium Access Control (MAC) layer 525, and a Physical (PHY) layer 530.
  • RRC Radio Resource Control
  • PDCP Packet Data Convergence Protocol
  • RLC Radio Link Control
  • MAC Medium Access Control
  • PHY Physical
  • the layers of a protocol stack may be implemented as separate modules of software, portions of a processor or ASIC, portions of non-collocated devices connected by a communications link, or various combinations thereof. Collocated and non-collocated implementations may be used, for example, in a protocol stack for a network access device (e.g., ANs, CUs, and/or DUs) or a UE.
  • a network access device e.g., ANs, CUs, and/or DUs
  • a first option 505-a shows a split implementation of a protocol stack, in which implementation of the protocol stack is split between a centralized network access device (e.g., an ANC 202 in FIG. 2) and distributed network access device (e.g., DU 208 in FIG. 2) .
  • a centralized network access device e.g., an ANC 202 in FIG. 2
  • distributed network access device e.g., DU 208 in FIG. 2
  • an RRC layer 510 and a PDCP layer 515 may be implemented by the central unit
  • an RLC layer 520, a MAC layer 525, and a PHY layer 530 may be implemented by the DU.
  • the CU and the DU may be collocated or non-collocated.
  • the first option 505-a may be useful in a macro cell, micro cell, or pico cell deployment.
  • a second option 505-b shows a unified implementation of a protocol stack, in which the protocol stack is implemented in a single network access device (e.g., access node (AN) , new radio base station (NR BS) , a new radio Node-B (NR NB) , a network node (NN) , or the like. ) .
  • the RRC layer 510, the PDCP layer 515, the RLC layer 520, the MAC layer 525, and the PHY layer 530 may each be implemented by the AN.
  • the second option 505-b may be useful in a femto cell deployment.
  • a UE may implement an entire protocol stack (e.g., the RRC layer 510, the PDCP layer 515, the RLC layer 520, the MAC layer 525, and the PHY layer 530) .
  • an entire protocol stack e.g., the RRC layer 510, the PDCP layer 515, the RLC layer 520, the MAC layer 525, and the PHY layer 530.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram 600 showing an example of a DL-centric subframe.
  • the DL-centric subframe may include a control portion 602.
  • the control portion 602 may exist in the initial or beginning portion of the DL-centric subframe.
  • the control portion 602 may include various scheduling information and/or control information corresponding to various portions of the DL-centric subframe.
  • the control portion 602 may be a physical DL control channel (PDCCH) , as indicated in FIG. 6.
  • the DL-centric subframe may also include a DL data portion 604.
  • the DL data portion 604 may sometimes be referred to as the payload of the DL-centric subframe.
  • the DL data portion 604 may include the communication resources utilized to communicate DL data from the scheduling entity (e.g., UE or BS) to the subordinate entity (e.g., UE) .
  • the DL data portion 604 may be a physical DL shared channel (PDSCH) .
  • PDSCH physical DL shared channel
  • the DL-centric subframe may also include a common UL portion 606.
  • the common UL portion 606 may sometimes be referred to as an UL burst, a common UL burst, and/or various other suitable terms.
  • the common UL portion 606 may include feedback information corresponding to various other portions of the DL-centric subframe.
  • the common UL portion 606 may include feedback information corresponding to the control portion 602.
  • Non-limiting examples of feedback information may include an ACK signal, a NACK signal, a HARQ indicator, and/or various other suitable types of information.
  • the common UL portion 606 may include additional or alternative information, such as information pertaining to random access channel (RACH) procedures, scheduling requests (SRs) , and various other suitable types of information.
  • RACH random access channel
  • SRs scheduling requests
  • the end of the DL data portion 604 may be separated in time from the beginning of the common UL portion 606.
  • This time separation may sometimes be referred to as a gap, a guard period, a guard interval, and/or various other suitable terms.
  • This separation provides time for the switch-over from DL communication (e.g., reception operation by the subordinate entity (e.g., UE) ) to UL communication (e.g., transmission by the subordinate entity (e.g., UE) ) .
  • DL communication e.g., reception operation by the subordinate entity (e.g., UE)
  • UL communication e.g., transmission by the subordinate entity (e.g., UE)
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram 700 showing an example of an UL-centric subframe.
  • the UL -centric subframe may include a control portion 702.
  • the control portion 702 may exist in the initial or beginning portion of the UL-centric subframe.
  • the control portion 702 in FIG. 7 may be similar to the control portion described above with reference to FIG. 6.
  • the UL-centric subframe may also include an UL data portion 704.
  • the UL data portion 704 may sometimes be referred to as the payload of the UL-centric subframe.
  • the UL data portion may refer to the communication resources utilized to communicate UL data from the subordinate entity (e.g., UE) to the scheduling entity (e.g., UE or BS) .
  • the control portion 702 may be a physical DL control channel (PDCCH) .
  • PDCCH physical DL control channel
  • the end of the control portion 702 may be separated in time from the beginning of the UL data portion 704. This time separation may sometimes be referred to as a gap, guard period, guard interval, and/or various other suitable terms. This separation provides time for the switch-over from DL communication (e.g., reception operation by the scheduling entity) to UL communication (e.g., transmission by the scheduling entity) .
  • the UL-centric subframe may also include a common UL portion 706.
  • the common UL portion 706 in FIG. 7 may be similar to the common UL portion 706 described above with reference to FIG. 7.
  • the common UL portion 706 may additionally or alternatively include information pertaining to channel quality indicator (CQI) , sounding reference signals (SRSs) , and various other suitable types of information.
  • CQI channel quality indicator
  • SRSs sounding reference signals
  • two or more subordinate entities may communicate with each other using sidelink signals.
  • Real-world applications of such sidelink communications may include public safety, proximity services, UE-to-network relaying, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications, Internet of Everything (IoE) communications, IoT communications, mission-critical mesh, and/or various other suitable applications.
  • a sidelink signal may refer to a signal communicated from one subordinate entity (e.g., UE1) to another subordinate entity (e.g., UE2) without relaying that communication through the scheduling entity (e.g., UE or BS) , even though the scheduling entity may be utilized for scheduling and/or control purposes.
  • the sidelink signals may be communicated using a licensed spectrum (unlike wireless local area networks, which typically use an unlicensed spectrum) .
  • a UE may operate in various radio resource configurations, including a configuration associated with transmitting pilots using a dedicated set of resources (e.g., a radio resource control (RRC) dedicated state, etc. ) or a configuration associated with transmitting pilots using a common set of resources (e.g., an RRC common state, etc. ) .
  • RRC radio resource control
  • the UE may select a dedicated set of resources for transmitting a pilot signal to a network.
  • the UE may select a common set of resources for transmitting a pilot signal to the network.
  • a pilot signal transmitted by the UE may be received by one or more network access devices, such as an AN, or a DU, or portions thereof.
  • Each receiving network access device may be configured to receive and measure pilot signals transmitted on the common set of resources, and also receive and measure pilot signals transmitted on dedicated sets of resources allocated to the UEs for which the network access device is a member of a monitoring set of network access devices for the UE.
  • One or more of the receiving network access devices, or a CU to which receiving network access device (s) transmit the measurements of the pilot signals may use the measurements to identify serving cells for the UEs, or to initiate a change of serving cell for one or more of the UEs.
  • NOMA NON-ORTHOGONAL MULTIPLE ACCESS
  • multiple access technology allows several user devices to share one radio transmission resource.
  • eMBB enhanced mobile broadband
  • mMTC massive machine type communications
  • URLLC ultra-reliable and low latency communications
  • 4G cellular systems are mainly based on orthogonal multiple access (OMA) technologies.
  • OMA orthogonal multiple access
  • NOMA allows for simultaneous transmission of more than one layer of data for more than one UE without time, frequency or spatial domain separation. Different layers of data may be separated by using interference cancellation or iterative detection at the receiver. NOMA may be used to further enhance the spectral efficiency over OMA, in order to achieve the multiple UE channel capacity. Furthermore, NOMA may increase the number of UE connections, which is beneficial for 5G systems. In addition, NOMA may not rely on the knowledge of instantaneous channel state information (CSI) of frequency selective fading, and thus a robust performance gain in practical wide area deployments may be expected irrespective of UE mobility or CSI feedback latency.
  • CSI channel state information
  • signal transmitter and receiver are jointly configured so that multiple layers of data from more than one UE can be simultaneously delivered using the same resource.
  • the information of different UEs may be delivered using the same time, frequency and spatial resource.
  • the information of different UEs can be recovered by advanced receivers such as interference cancellation or iterative detection receivers.
  • SIC successive interference cancellation
  • RSMA Resource spread multiple access
  • SCMA sparse coded multiple access
  • MUST multi-user superposition transmission
  • RSMA for example, a group of different UEs’signals are super positioned on top of each other, and each UE’s signal is spread to the entire frequency/time resource assigned for the group of UEs. Different UEs’signals within the group are not necessarily orthogonal to each other and could potentially cause inter-UE interference. Spreading of bits to the entire resources enables decoding at a signal level below background noise and interference.
  • RSMA uses the combination of low rate channel codes and scrambling codes with good correlation properties to separate different UEs’signals.
  • the amount of interference experienced by each of the frames corresponds to the decoding order of the frame. For example, if three separate frames are received from three separate UEs, the first frame that is decoded experiences interferences from the second and third frames that are decoded, the second frame that is decoded experiences interference from the third frame that is decoded, and the third frame may not experience any interference from the first and second frames. Therefore, the data communication capacity of the first frame may be less than the second and third frames and the data communication capacity of the second frame may be less than the third frame.
  • FIG. 8 is a graph 800 illustrating the difference in data capacity, due to SIC decoding, of frames from multiple UEs (e.g., user0 and user1) transmitted using binary phase shift keying (BPSK) , in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the graph 800 illustrates the data capacity of user0 and user1 as a function of energy per bit to noise power spectral density ratio (Er/N0, also referred to as the "SNR per bit" ) .
  • the data capacity of the frame from user0 (represented by trace 802) is less than the data capacity of the frame from user1 (represented by trace 804) because the frame from user0 is decoded before the frame from user1.
  • BPSK binary phase shift keying
  • FIG. 9 is a graph 900 illustrating the difference in data capacity, due to SIC decoding, of frames from multiple UEs (e.g., user0 and user1) transmitted using 4 pulse-amplitude modulation (4PAM) , in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.
  • 4PAM pulse-amplitude modulation
  • FIG. 10 is a graph 1000 illustrating the difference in data communication capacity, due to using different modulation and coding schemes (MCSs) , of frames from multiple UEs (e.g., user0 and user1) , in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.
  • MCSs modulation and coding schemes
  • the frame from user0 may be modulated using 4PAM and the frame from user1 may be modulated using BPSK.
  • each of the frames are decoded independently (e.g., not using SIC decoding) .
  • the data communication capacities of the frames are different.
  • the capacities of the frames from user0 and user1 are the same, but at a SNR of about 15 dB, the capacity of the frame from user0 is about 2.6 times greater than user1, and at an SNR of 30 dB, the capacity of user0 is about twice as much as the capacity of the frame from user1.
  • Certain aspects of the present disclosure are generally directed to a selective signature technique for improving the balance of the data communication capacity of multiple wireless nodes. For example, the amount of resources allocated to each of the frames may be adjusted based on a decoding order corresponding to the frame to improve the data capacity balance.
  • FIG. 11 is flow diagram illustrating example operations 1100 for wireless communication, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the operation 1100 may be performed, for example, by an apparatus such as the UE 120.
  • the operations 1100 begin, at block 1102, by determining an amount of resources that is to be left blank in a frame to increase a balance between a data communication capacity of the apparatus as compared to one or more other wireless nodes.
  • the operations 1100 also include, at block 1104, generating the frame based on the amount of resources, and at block 1106, transmitting the frame.
  • FIG. 12 is flow diagram illustrating example operations 1200 for wireless communication, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the operation 1100 may be performed, for example, by an apparatus such as the BS 110.
  • the operations 1200 begin, at block 1202, by receiving a plurality of frames from a plurality of wireless nodes, wherein resources are left blank in at least one of the plurality of frames to increase a balance between data communication capacities of the plurality of wireless nodes.
  • the plurality of frames received from the plurality of wireless nodes are decoded.
  • FIG. 13 illustrates an example selective signature technique for allocating of resources in resource blocks (RBs) 1300 decoded using SIC, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the RB from user0 may be decoded first, followed, by the RB from user1, followed by the RB from user2.
  • the amount of resources allocated to the RBs transmitted by user0, user1, and user 2 may be set in accordance with a decoding order of the users. Some of the users may only spread bits to part of their respective RBs and leave the rest of the RB blank to alleviate interference to other users. For example, since the RB from user0 may be decoded first using SIC, data may allocated to the entirety of the RB for user0.
  • the RB from user1 may be generated without resources allocated to a portion of the RB.
  • a portion 1302 of the RB for user1 may be left blank such that the blank portion 1302 does not cause interference during decoding of the RB for user0.
  • the blank portion 1302 may be three symbols of the RB for user1, as illustrated.
  • a portion 1304 of the RB for user2 may be left blank such that the blank portion 1304 does not cause interference during the decoding the RB for user0 and user1, as illustrated.
  • the blank portion 1304 may be five symbols of the RB for user2.
  • While the examples described with respect to FIG. 13 provides a selective signature technique implemented over time dimensions to facilitate understanding, the techniques described herein may be applied across frequency dimensions, or both time and frequency dimensions.
  • user1 and user2 described with respect to FIG. 13 may assign blank resources across frequency dimensions to reduce interference with user0 during decoding.
  • FIG. 14 illustrates a grant-free technique for determining the amount of resources being left blank in a RB, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the UE 120 may determine an amount of resources of an RB to leave blank based on at least one of a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) or a signal to noise ratio (SNR) corresponding to a transmission.
  • MCS modulation and coding scheme
  • SNR signal to noise ratio
  • the amount of resources of an RB to be left blank may be determined based on both an MCS and an SNR corresponding to the transmission of the RB. For instance, when user1 is using a first MCS (MCS1) and the SNR of the transmission of the RB from user1 is equal to SNR2, then the size of the blank portion 1302 may be set based on a parameter ⁇ .
  • MCS modulation and coding scheme
  • SNR signal to noise ratio
  • FIG. 15 illustrates a grant-based technique for determining the amount of resource to be left blank in a RB, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the base station 110 (or any network entity such as a master node) may signal to each of UEs 120a, 120b, and 120c an indication of the amount of resources to be left blank, as illustrated.
  • the UEs may then generate RBs for transmission to the base station 110 based on the indication of the amount of resources to be left blank as described herein.
  • FIG. 16 is a graph 1600 illustrating the difference in data capacity, due to SIC decoding, of frames from multiple UEs (e.g., user0 and user1) transmitted using BPSK, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the total amount of data communication capacity e.g., combined data communication capacity of user0 and user1 without the data capacity balancing techniques described herein, represented by the trace labeled “NOMA total”
  • NOMA total the trace labeled “ss-NOMA total”
  • ss-NOMA total NOMA with selective signature (ss)
  • the data capacity of user0 may be increased by about 34%, as illustrated by traces labeled “NOMA user0” and “ss-NOMA user0. ” Moreover, the data capacity of user0 and user1 are balanced, as illustrated by traces labeled “ss-NOMA user0” and “ss-NOMA user1. ”
  • FIG. 17 is a graph 1700 illustrating the difference in data communication capacity, due to SIC decoding, of frames from multiple UEs (e.g., user0 and user1) transmitted using 4PAM, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the total amount of data capacity e.g., combined data capacity of user0 and user1 without data capacity balancing, represented by the trace labeled “NOMA total”
  • the trace labeled “NOMA total” is greater, by about 9%, than the total amount of data capacity when data capacity balancing is implemented, as represented by trace labeled “ss-NOMA total” .
  • the data capacity of user0 is increased by about 85%, as illustrated by traces labeled “NOMA user0” and “ss-NOMA user0. ”
  • the data capacity of user0 and user1 are balanced, as illustrated by traces labeled “ss-NOMA user0” and “ss-NOMA user1. ”
  • FIGs. 18A and 18B are graphs 1800 and 1802 illustrating the difference in data capacity, due to using different MCSs, of frames from multiple UEs (e.g., user0 and user1) , in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the signal transmission from user0 may be modulated using 4PAM and the signal transmission from user1 may be modulated using BPSK.
  • each of the frames are decoded independently (e.g., not using SIC decoding) .
  • the data capacity of the frames are different, as previously described with respect to FIG. 10.
  • the data capacities of user0 and user1 may be balanced.
  • the data capacity of user0 may be 2.6 times greater than the data capacity of user1
  • the data capacity of user0 may be double the data capacity of user1, as illustrated.
  • the level of data capacity imbalanced may more consistent across the SNR distribution.
  • the data capacity of user0 may be about double the data capacity of user1.
  • the total amount of data capacity of user0 and user1 remains about the same. For example, only a slight total data capacity reduction may be experienced in the SNR region 1802.
  • Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide techniques for balancing the user capacities of users in a multiple access system. As a result, additional inter-user scheduling may not be needed to maintain quality of service (QoS) . Moreover, aspects of the present disclosure allow for a flexible configuration to improve the tradeoff between minimum user capacity and total capacity. Certain aspects of the present disclosure may be implemented with little to not additional computations and may be integrated into various NOMA schemes.
  • the methods disclosed herein comprise one or more steps or actions for achieving the described method.
  • the method steps and/or actions may be interchanged with one another without departing from the scope of the claims.
  • the order and/or use of specific steps and/or actions may be modified without departing from the scope of the claims.
  • the term “or” is intended to mean an inclusive “or” rather than an exclusive “or. ” That is, unless specified otherwise, or clear from the context, the phrase, for example, “X employs A or B” is intended to mean any of the natural inclusive permutations. That is, for example the phrase “X employs A or B” is satisfied by any of the following instances: X employs A; X employs B; or X employs both A and B.
  • reference to an element in the singular is not intended to mean “one and only one” unless specifically so stated, but rather “one or more.
  • “at least one of: a, b, or c” is intended to cover: a, b, c, a-b, a-c, b-c, and a-b-c, as well as any combination with multiples of the same element (e.g., a-a, a-a-a, a-a-b, a-a-c, a-b-b, a-c-c, b-b, b-b-b, b-b-c, c-c, and c-c-c or any other ordering of a, b, and c) .
  • the term “and/or, ” when used in a list of two or more items means that any one of the listed items can be employed by itself, or any combination of two or more of the listed items can be employed.
  • the composition can contain A alone; B alone; C alone; A and B in combination; A and C in combination; B and C in combination; or A, B, and C in combination.
  • determining encompasses a wide variety of actions. For example, “determining” may include calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up (e.g., looking up in a table, a database or another data structure) , ascertaining and the like. Also, “determining” may include receiving (e.g., receiving information) , accessing (e.g., accessing data in a memory) and the like. Also, “determining” may include resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing and the like.
  • the various operations of methods described above may be performed by any suitable means capable of performing the corresponding functions.
  • the means may include various hardware and/or software component (s) and/or module (s) , including, but not limited to a circuit, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , or processor.
  • ASIC application specific integrated circuit
  • means for transmitting and/or means for receiving may comprise one or more of a transmit processor 420, a TX MIMO processor 430, a receive processor 438, or antenna (s) 434 of the base station 110 and/or the transmit processor 464, a TX MIMO processor 466, a receive processor 458, or antenna (s) 452 of the user equipment 120.
  • means for obtaining, means for designating, means for aggregating, means for collecting, means for selecting, means for switching, and means for detecting may comprise one or more processors, such as the controller/processor 480, transmit processor 464, receive processor 458, and/or MIMO processor 466 of the user equipment 120.
  • DSP digital signal processor
  • ASIC application specific integrated circuit
  • FPGA field programmable gate array
  • PLD programmable logic device
  • a general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any commercially available processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine.
  • a processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.
  • an example hardware configuration may comprise a processing system in a wireless node.
  • the processing system may be implemented with a bus architecture.
  • the bus may include any number of interconnecting buses and bridges depending on the specific application of the processing system and the overall design constraints.
  • the bus may link together various circuits including a processor, machine-readable media, and a bus interface.
  • the bus interface may be used to connect a network adapter, among other things, to the processing system via the bus.
  • the network adapter may be used to implement the signal processing functions of the PHY layer.
  • a user interface e.g., keypad, display, mouse, joystick, etc.
  • a user interface e.g., keypad, display, mouse, joystick, etc.
  • the bus may also link various other circuits such as timing sources, peripherals, voltage regulators, power management circuits, and the like, which are well known in the art, and therefore, will not be described any further.
  • the processor may be implemented with one or more general-purpose and/or special-purpose processors. Examples include microprocessors, microcontrollers, DSP processors, and other circuitry that can execute software. Those skilled in the art will recognize how best to implement the described functionality for the processing system depending on the particular application and the overall design constraints imposed on the overall system.
  • the functions may be stored or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer readable medium.
  • Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, data, or any combination thereof, whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.
  • Computer-readable media include both computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another.
  • the processor may be responsible for managing the bus and general processing, including the execution of software modules stored on the machine-readable storage media.
  • a computer-readable storage medium may be coupled to a processor such that the processor can read information from, and write information to, the storage medium. In the alternative, the storage medium may be integral to the processor.
  • the machine-readable media may include a transmission line, a carrier wave modulated by data, and/or a computer readable storage medium with instructions stored thereon separate from the wireless node, all of which may be accessed by the processor through the bus interface.
  • the machine-readable media, or any portion thereof may be integrated into the processor, such as the case may be with cache and/or general register files.
  • machine-readable storage media may include, by way of example, RAM (Random Access Memory) , flash memory, phase change memory, ROM (Read Only Memory) , PROM (Programmable Read-Only Memory) , EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory) , EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory) , registers, magnetic disks, optical disks, hard drives, or any other suitable storage medium, or any combination thereof.
  • the machine-readable media may be embodied in a computer-program product.
  • a software module may comprise a single instruction, or many instructions, and may be distributed over several different code segments, among different programs, and across multiple storage media.
  • the computer-readable media may comprise a number of software modules.
  • the software modules include instructions that, when executed by an apparatus such as a processor, cause the processing system to perform various functions.
  • the software modules may include a transmission module and a receiving module. Each software module may reside in a single storage device or be distributed across multiple storage devices.
  • a software module may be loaded into RAM from a hard drive when a triggering event occurs.
  • the processor may load some of the instructions into cache to increase access speed.
  • One or more cache lines may then be loaded into a general register file for execution by the processor.
  • any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium.
  • the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL) , or wireless technologies such as infrared (IR) , radio, and microwave
  • the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of medium.
  • Disk and disc include compact disc (CD) , laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD) , floppy disk, and disc where disks usually reproduce data magnetically, while discs reproduce data optically with lasers.
  • computer-readable media may comprise non-transitory computer-readable media (e.g., tangible media) .
  • computer-readable media may comprise transitory computer-readable media (e.g., a signal) . Combinations of the above should also be included within the scope of computer-readable media.
  • certain aspects may comprise a computer program product for performing the operations presented herein.
  • a computer program product may comprise a computer-readable medium having instructions stored (and/or encoded) thereon, the instructions being executable by one or more processors to perform the operations described herein.
  • modules and/or other appropriate means for performing the methods and techniques described herein can be downloaded and/or otherwise obtained by a user terminal and/or base station as applicable.
  • a user terminal and/or base station can be coupled to a server to facilitate the transfer of means for performing the methods described herein.
  • various methods described herein can be provided via storage means (e.g., RAM, ROM, a physical storage medium such as a compact disc (CD) or floppy disk, etc. ) , such that a user terminal and/or base station can obtain the various methods upon coupling or providing the storage means to the device.
  • storage means e.g., RAM, ROM, a physical storage medium such as a compact disc (CD) or floppy disk, etc.
  • CD compact disc
  • floppy disk etc.
  • any other suitable technique for providing the methods and techniques described herein to a device can be utilized.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

Certains aspects de la présente invention concernent des techniques d'équilibrage des capacités de communication de données d'une pluralité d'utilisateurs participant à une communication à accès multiple non orthogonal (NOMA). Par exemple, certains aspects fournissent un procédé de communication sans fil réalisé par un appareil. Le procédé consiste de manière générale à déterminer une quantité de ressources qui doit être laissée vierge dans une trame pour augmenter un équilibre entre une capacité de communication de données de l'appareil par comparaison à un ou plusieurs autres nœuds sans fil, à générer la trame sur la base de la quantité de ressources, et à transmettre la trame.
PCT/CN2018/091758 2018-06-19 2018-06-19 Signature sélective pour systèmes d'accès multiple WO2019241904A1 (fr)

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CN103748946A (zh) * 2011-08-22 2014-04-23 阿尔卡特朗讯 用于调度移动终端的设备和方法
CN103931256A (zh) * 2011-11-14 2014-07-16 高通股份有限公司 用于减少异构网络中的干扰的方法和装置
CN104081854A (zh) * 2012-01-27 2014-10-01 交互数字专利控股公司 管理或改善小区间干扰

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US11997185B2 (en) * 2021-06-23 2024-05-28 Qualcomm Incorporated Demodulator configuration based on user equipment signaling

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