WO2019237859A1 - 一种自膨胀锚杆及其制备和使用方法 - Google Patents

一种自膨胀锚杆及其制备和使用方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019237859A1
WO2019237859A1 PCT/CN2019/086358 CN2019086358W WO2019237859A1 WO 2019237859 A1 WO2019237859 A1 WO 2019237859A1 CN 2019086358 W CN2019086358 W CN 2019086358W WO 2019237859 A1 WO2019237859 A1 WO 2019237859A1
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Prior art keywords
self
expanding
rod body
water
anchor
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PCT/CN2019/086358
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
徐帅
李元辉
侯朋远
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东北大学
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Publication of WO2019237859A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019237859A1/zh

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Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21DSHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D21/00Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
    • E21D21/0006Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by the bolt material
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02DFOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/74Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21DSHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D21/00Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
    • E21D21/0026Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts
    • E21D21/0073Anchoring-bolts having an inflatable sleeve, e.g. hollow sleeve expanded by a fluid

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to geotechnical engineering support, in particular to a self-expanding anchor and a method for preparing and using the same.
  • Anchor is a rod-like tensile member made of high tensile strength materials such as steel, installed inside the rock mass, and used to support building foundation pits, open slopes, tunnels, and tunnels. .
  • anchor rod support When using anchor rod support, first drill holes into the surrounding rock, and then install the anchor rod in the hole, using the mechanical action between the anchor head and the surrounding rock, or relying on the cement mortar, the resin agent and the surrounding rock or the pipe joint The friction between the rock and the surrounding rock is reinforced by supporting plates and lock nuts to support the anchoring effect.
  • Bolt support is a simple structure of active support.
  • anchor rods Due to the complexity of geological conditions and the diversity of support requirements for geotechnical engineering, there are many types of anchor rods.
  • mechanical anchors such as wedge joints, inverted wedges, and bulging shells.
  • adhesive anchors such as grouting anchors and resin anchors, as well as fast-hardening cement roll expansion anchors, double Expansive friction anchors such as fast cement expansion anchors, S we Ilex hydraulic expansion anchors and pipe-slot anchors.
  • wedge seam, inverted wedge and expanded shell mechanical anchors are passive support anchors, which can only passively withstand the forces exerted by the surrounding rock. When the surrounding rock is soft and broken, it is not suitable because of the poor anchoring effect.
  • Swellex hydraulic expansion anchors and pipe-slot anchors such as expansion friction anchors, squeeze the hole wall by the expansion of the rod itself, and the direct contact with the surrounding rock generates friction to play an anchoring role.
  • Its anchoring strength depends on the plastic deformation of the rod Once the deformation state of the rod body changes, the anchoring strength will change accordingly; and the rod body is in direct contact with the surrounding rock, which is susceptible to corrosion by weak acid groundwater and fails.
  • Grouting anchors and resin anchors need to use anchoring agents such as mortar, quick-drying cement paste, and resin binder to establish the connection between the anchor and the surrounding rock. The strength of this type of anchor depends on the anchoring.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a self-expanding anchor rod with simple structure, convenient use, low manufacturing cost, strong anchoring force, and wide application range, and a method for preparing and using the same, in accordance with the above requirements.
  • the self-expanding anchor rod provided by the present invention includes a rod body, self-expanding bodies installed at intervals on the rod body, a reverse anti-skid device installed at the front end of the rod body, and a locking device at the rear end of the rod body;
  • the self-expanding body includes a drug column, a drug column fixing device, and a drug column sealing waterproof device;
  • the medicine column includes a circular double-layer sleeve sleeved on a rod body, one end of the double-layer sleeve is closed, and the other end is provided with a cylinder cover.
  • the outer wall of the double-layer sleeve is provided with a water-permeable hole, and the double-layer sleeve It contains expansion agent, and there is a tough water-permeable material between the expansion agent and the double sleeve;
  • the medicine column fixing device comprises a fastening nut and a gasket located at both ends of the medicine column and screw-connected with the rod body; rotating the fastening nut can make the gasket clamp the medicine column and fix the medicine column on the rod body ;
  • the medicine column sealing waterproof device is an elastic water-proof protective sleeve sleeved on the outside of the medicine column;
  • the reverse anti-slip device includes a long hexagon nut that is threadedly connected to the front end of the rod body and six foldable metal brackets formed by articulating one end of the long rod and the short rod to each other; ) Are respectively hinged to the hinge ears welded on the six plane outer walls of the long hexagon nut; the rear end of the metal bracket (that is, the other end of the short rod) has a slider hinged to it, and the slider may correspond to the hinge ear, Longitudinally open The slide on the outer wall of the long hexagon nut slides; the slider slides forward until the end of the metal bracket is closed (when the anchor is not in use), and the slider slides backward to open the metal bracket (the anchor is placed in the hole) );
  • the locking device at the rear end of the rod body includes a supporting plate sleeved at the rear end of the rod body and a lock nut screwed to the rear end portion of the rod body.
  • the supporting plate and the enclosure can be rotated by screwing the locking nut Rock wall compaction.
  • the water-permeable material is a geotextile or a non-woven fabric
  • the expansion agent is composed of CaO, bentonite, hardened material, anhydrous ethanol, water reducing agent and retarder, and the weight ratio of each component is: CaO 65%, bentonite 2%, hardened material 15%, no Water ethanol 10%, water reducing agent 1%, retarder 7%;
  • the outer diameter of the pellet is less than 3 mm from the surrounding rock drill hole.
  • the method for preparing the self-expanding anchor includes the following steps:
  • a pellet is produced in the following order
  • a rod body with a diameter of 18 to 22 mm is made of finely rolled threaded steel bars, and the ends of the rod body, the rear end portion, and the two ends installed with the self-expanding body are respectively threaded;
  • a long hexagon nut with a length of 60mm that is threaded with the front end of the rod body, and articulated ears are welded to the front ends of the six planes of the outer wall of the long hexagon nut.
  • a sliding block matched with a T-shaped chute is placed in the chute; two ends of two flat stainless steel rods with a thickness of 5mm, a width of 10mm, and a length of 60mm and 45mm are hinged to make a foldable metal bracket.
  • the front end of the bracket is hinged with the hinge ear, and the rear end is hinged with the slider to make a reverse anti-slip device;
  • a support plate is made of a square steel plate with a thickness of 15mm and a side length of 15mm, and a hot-rolled hexagon nut threaded to the rear end of the rod body is used as a lock nut to assemble a locking device for the anchor rod for future use;
  • a gasket is made of a circular ring steel sheet with a thickness of 5 mm, an inner diameter of 24 mm, and an outer diameter of 40 mm, and a hot-rolled hex nut that is threadedly connected to the rod body at both ends of the self-expanding body is used as a fastening nut.
  • Self-expanding body fixing device ;
  • An elastic water-proof protective sleeve with an inner diameter slightly smaller than the outer diameter of the pellet and slightly longer than the length of the self-expanding body is made of silicone with a thickness of 1 mm as a waterproof seal for the pellet;
  • the method of using the self-expanding anchor is:
  • the elastic water-proof protective sleeve is first released, and then the anchor is immersed in water; water enters the internal expansion agent through the flexible water-permeable material from the water-permeable hole on the outer wall of the double-layer sleeve, After soaking for 6 ⁇ 8 minutes, remove the self-expanding anchor rod from the water, re-attach the elastic water-proof protective sleeve to the soaked self-expanding body, and then insert the anchor rod into the borehole; wait 30 ⁇ 50min.
  • the expansion agent reacts and expands. The expansion pressure squeezes the outer wall of the double-layer sleeve to form an anchoring agent.
  • the elastic water-proof protective sleeve produces radial compression on the borehole wall, so that the anchor rod body and the borehole wall are coupled together.
  • the anchor is formed; at this time, the support plate is threaded on the rear end of the rod body exposed to the borehole, and the lock nut screwed with the rear end of the rod body is screwed forward, so that the support plate is in close contact with the surrounding rock around the borehole. Installation and use of self-expanding anchors.
  • the present invention uses CaO to react with water
  • This kind of squeezing effect can greatly improve the overall stability of the surrounding rock of the roadway and change the failure mode of the rock mass.
  • the surrounding rock has a movement trend or movement, it depends on the surrounding rock and the self-expanding anchor rod.
  • the friction force can improve the anchoring effect of self-expanding anchors.
  • the present invention uses a double-layer sleeve made of plastic or organic material to expand and expand 1J through a flexible water-permeable material package, which can increase the packaging speed to a certain extent and protect the drug column from external forces during use. Damage
  • the self-expanding body in the present invention is distributed on the anchor rod body in a spaced manner, and is fixed by tightening a nut and a washer. Expansion pressure generated by the spacer pellets forms a wider range of action in the borehole. An evenly distributed anchor body. When the surrounding rock has a movement trend or movement occurs, even if the anchoring effect of a certain self-expanding body decreases or fails locally, it does not affect the anchoring effect of other self-expanding bodies.
  • the self-expanding externally wrapped elastic water-proof protective sleeve of the present invention can play the following functions without affecting the expansion effect of the drug column: First, it has a certain water-proof and moisture-proof effect on the prepared drug column to avoid A water absorption reaction occurs during the storage or transportation of the pellets, which causes the self-expanding anchor to fail. The second is to put the self-expanding anchor into a drilled hole and the expansion agent isolates the pellet from the outside when it expands in response to water. The damage of weakly acidic water in the surrounding environment expands the scope of application of self-expanding anchors. The third is to temporarily restrain the immersed pellets after they are placed in the borehole, preventing the expansion agent from entering the gap between the pellet and the borehole. ejection.
  • the self-expanding anchor rod of the present invention can be mass-produced by mechanization, has low manufacturing cost, is convenient to carry, easy to operate and use, has fast response speed, and good anchoring effect.
  • FIG. 1 is an axial sectional view of a self-expanding anchor rod of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a half cross-sectional view of a single pellet in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along A-A of FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a partial enlarged view of the reverse anti-slip device in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic view of installation and use of a self-expanding anchor rod.
  • the self-expanding anchor rod of the present invention includes a rod body 14, a self-expanding body installed at intervals on the rod body, a reverse anti-skid device installed at the front end of the rod body, and a locking device located at the rear end of the rod body.
  • the self-expanding body includes a drug column, a drug column fixing device and a drug column sealing waterproof device.
  • the outer diameter of the pellet is less than 3 mm of the surrounding rock drill hole.
  • the pellet is composed of a circular ring-shaped double sleeve 7 sleeved on the rod body and installed in the double sleeve.
  • the expansion agent 9 is composed.
  • One end of the double sleeve is closed, and the other end is provided with a canister cover 10, which can be screwed on the inner wall of the double sleeve.
  • a set (five in this embodiment) of water-permeable holes 6 are respectively provided on the opposite sides of the outer wall of the double-layer sleeve in the axial direction.
  • Expansion agent is composed of CaO, bentonite, hardened material, anhydrous ethanol, water reducing agent and retarder.
  • the weight ratio of each component is: CaO 65%, bentonite 2%, hardened material 15%, absolute ethanol 10%, Water reducing agent 1%, retarder 7%.
  • a water-permeable material 8 made of geotextile or non-woven fabric.
  • the medicine column fixing device comprises a fastening nut 4 and a pad 13 which are located at both ends of the medicine column and are screw-connected with the rod body. Rotating the fastening nut allows the gasket to clamp the medicine column and fix the medicine column to the rod body.
  • the medicine column sealing and waterproofing device is an elastic water-proof protective sleeve 5 sleeved on the outside of the medicine column.
  • the reverse anti-slip device includes a long hexagon nut 3 screwed to the front end of the rod body and six foldable metal brackets consisting of a long rod 17 and a short rod 16-end hinged to each other;
  • the front end ie the other end of the long rod
  • the rear end of the bracket (that is, the other end of the short rod) has a slider 2 hinged to the slider, and the slider can slide along a slide track 15 corresponding to the hinged ear and longitudinally opened on the outer wall of the long hexagon nut; Slide forward until the end of the metal bracket is closed (when the anchor is not in use), slide the slider backward to open the metal bracket (the anchor is in the hole).
  • the locking device at the rear end of the rod body includes a supporting plate 11 sleeved on the rear end of the rod body and a lock nut 12 screwed to the rear end portion of the rod body.
  • the lock nut is screwed.
  • the pallet can be compacted with the surrounding rock wall.
  • 5 is a schematic diagram of the installation and use of self-expanding anchors, where 14 is the rod body of the anchor, 18 is the self-expanding body, 19 is the surrounding rock, 20 is the loosening ring, and 21 is the roadway.

Abstract

一种自膨胀锚杆,包括杆体(14)、安装在杆体上的自膨胀体(18)、安装在杆体前端的逆向防滑装置和位于杆体后端的锁固装置;自膨胀体包括药柱、药柱固定装置和药柱密封防水装置。还公开了一种自膨胀锚杆的制备和使用方法,自膨胀锚杆由制作好的药柱、杆体(14)、逆向防滑装置、锁固装置、药柱固定装置及药柱密封防水装置组装而成。使用时先解除弹性隔水保护套(5),然后将锚杆在水中浸泡,再重新套上弹性隔水保护套,将锚杆插入钻孔中,药柱中的膨胀剂(9)反应产生膨胀压力将药柱的套筒(7)外壁挤破,与钻孔孔壁形成致密高强的锚固体,为巷道围岩(19)提供强大的锚固力。

Description

一种自膨胀锚杆及其制备和使用方法 技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及岩土工程支护, 特别是一种自膨胀锚杆及其制备和使用方法。
背景技术
[0002] 锚杆是一种用钢材等高抗拉强度材料制成、 安装在岩体内部、 用于对建筑基坑 、 露天边坡、 隧道和井巷工程进行支护的杆状受拉构件。 采用锚杆支护时, 先 向围岩钻孔, 然后在孔内安装锚杆, 利用锚头与围岩间的机械作用或依靠水泥 砂浆、 树脂药剂与围岩的粘结作用或通过管缝与围岩间的摩擦作用, 配以托板 和锁紧螺母将围岩加固起来, 起到支护锚固的效果。 锚杆支护是一种结构简单 的主动支护方式, 它使围岩从被动承载变为主动支护, 改善了支护效果, 具有 施工简单、 控制围岩变形效果好等优点, 是建筑基坑、 露天边坡、 隧道和井巷 工程中常用的一种加固支护方式。
[0003] 由于地质条件的复杂性和岩土工程支护需求的多样性, 锚杆的种类有很多。 早 期出现的锚杆有楔缝式、 倒楔式和胀壳式等机械型锚杆, 之后出现了注浆锚杆 和树脂锚杆等黏结型锚杆以及快硬水泥药卷膨胀锚杆、 双快水泥膨胀锚杆、 S we Ilex水力膨胀锚杆和管缝式锚杆等膨胀摩擦型锚杆。 其中, 楔缝式、 倒楔式和胀 壳式机械型锚杆属于被动支护锚杆, 只能被动地承受载围岩所施加的力。 在围 岩松软、 破碎时, 因锚固效果较差, 不宜采用。 Swellex水力膨胀锚杆和管缝式 锚杆等膨胀摩擦型锚杆, 通过杆体自身的膨胀挤压孔壁, 与围岩直接接触产生 摩擦力起到锚固作用, 其锚固强度依赖于杆体的塑性变形, 一旦杆体变形状态 发生改变, 锚固强度也会随之改变; 且杆体直接与围岩接触, 易受到弱酸性地 下水锈蚀而失效。 注浆锚杆和树脂锚杆等需要通过砂浆、 快干水泥浆体、 树脂 黏合剂等锚固剂来建立锚杆与围岩之间的联系, 这种类型的锚杆, 其强度往往 取决于锚固剂的强度, 当锚固剂破坏时, 锚杆直接失效; 且水泥砂浆、 快干水 泥浆体等需要现场制备浆体, 通过高压泵送入孔内, 施工过程复杂。 此外, 树 脂药卷尽管施工工序简单, 锚固强度高, 但成本较高。 [0004] 随着浅部易采资源的枯竭, 浅部难采矿体及深部“三高一扰动”环境下矿体开采 是未来矿产资源开采的必然趋势。 浅部破碎矿体和深部高应力开采环境, 支护 工作量大, 要求高。 楔缝式、 倒楔式和胀壳式等机械型锚杆因锚固力小, 耐腐 蚀性差, 应用已逐渐减少; 注浆锚杆和快硬水泥膨胀锚杆因施工工序多, 凝固 时间长, 起效慢, 在深部“三高一扰动”破碎环境下应用也受到较大限制; 树脂锚 杆尽管发挥作用快, 施工简单, 但树脂药卷成本较高, 大范围应用时, 支护成 本太尚。
[0005] 因此, 研发一种承载快、 锚固力大、 安装施工简便、 生产成本低的新型主动支 护锚杆, 是开采破碎及深部“三高一扰动”环境下的矿产资源所需要的。
发明概述
技术问题
问题的解决方案
技术解决方案
[0006] 本发明的目的就是适应上述需求提供一种结构简单、 使用方便、 制造成本低、 锚固力强、 适用范围广的自膨胀锚杆及其制备和使用方法。
[0007] 为实现上述目的, 本发明提供的自膨胀锚杆, 包括杆体, 间隔安装在杆体上的 自膨胀体, 安装在杆体前端的逆向防滑装置和位于杆体后端的锁固装置;
[0008] 所述自膨胀体包括药柱, 药柱固定装置和药柱密封防水装置;
[0009] 所述药柱包括套在杆体上的圆环形双层套筒, 双层套筒的一端封闭, 另一端有 筒盖, 双层套筒的外壁开设有透水孔, 双层套筒内装有膨胀剂, 膨胀剂和双层 套筒之间有具有韧性的透水材料;
[0010] 所述药柱固定装置包括位于药柱两端、 与所述杆体螺纹连接的紧固螺母和垫片 ; 旋拧紧固螺母可使垫片夹紧药柱, 将药柱固定在杆体上;
[0011] 所述药柱密封防水装置为套在药柱外部的弹性隔水保护套;
[0012] 所述逆向防滑装置包括与杆体前端螺纹连接的长六角螺母和六个由长杆和短杆 一端相互铰接构成的可折叠金属支架; 六个金属支架的前端 (即长杆的另一端 ) 分别与焊接在长六角螺母六个平面外壁上的铰接耳铰接; 金属支架的后端 ( 即短杆的另一端) 有与其铰接的滑块, 该滑块可沿与所述铰接耳对应、 纵向开 设在长六角螺母平面外壁上的滑道滑动; 滑块向前滑动到终点金属支架合拢 ( 锚杆未使用时状态) , 滑块向后滑动金属支架张开 (锚杆置于钻孔中状态) ;
[0013] 所述位于杆体后端的锁固装置包括套在杆体后端的托板和与杆体的后端部螺纹 连接的锁紧螺母, 锚杆使用时通过旋拧锁紧螺母可使托板与围岩岩壁压紧。
[0014] 所述透水材料为土工布或无纺布;
[0015] 所述膨胀剂由 CaO、 膨润土、 硬化材料、 无水乙醇、 减水剂和缓凝剂混合组成 , 各成分的重量配比为: CaO 65% , 膨润土 2%, 硬化材料 15%, 无水乙醇 10%, 减水剂 1%, 缓凝剂 7% ;
[0016] 所述药柱的外径小于围岩钻孔 3mm。
[0017] 上述自膨胀锚杆的制备方法, 包括以下步骤:
[0018] (1) 按以下顺序制作药柱
[0019] 1) 以塑料或其它高分子材料为原料, 采用浇铸、 熔铸或 3D打印方法制成长度 为 10~15cm、 壁厚为 0.5~lmm的双层套筒和与之配套的筒盖; 双层套筒的内孔孔 径大于杆体直径 2mm, 双层套筒的外径小于钻孔直径 3mm; 在双层套筒的外壁 两侧对称开设相互间隔的透水孔;
[0020] 2) 按照膨胀剂所含成分的重量配比称取原料; 将原料中的 CaO、 膨润土、 硬 化材料、 减水剂和缓凝剂混合, 搅拌均勻后加入无水乙醇继续搅拌, 制成润湿 状膨胀剂;
[0021] 3) 将透水材料裁成长度与双层套筒长度相同、 宽度等于双层套筒外径周长的 矩形片状, 貼附在双层套筒的外壁内侧; 然后将 2) 中制成的润湿状膨胀剂通过 机械或手工方式填充到双层套筒中, 填充密度达到 1.8~2.1g/m 3后, 用筒盖加密 封胶封装;
[0022] 4) 将 3) 填充润湿状膨胀剂的双层套筒放置在 70~80°C环境下 (烘干箱) 40-50 min, 使内部的乙醇挥发, 制成药柱;
[0023] (2) 制作锚杆的杆体、 逆向防滑装置、 锁固装置、 自膨胀体的固定装置及药 柱密封防水装置
[0024] 按锚杆的设计长度用精轧螺纹钢筋制成直径为 18~22mm的杆体, 在杆体的前端 部、 后端部和中间加装自膨胀体部位的两端分别车出螺纹; [0025] 制作与杆体前端螺纹配合、 长度为 60mm的长六角螺母, 在长六角螺母外壁的 六个平面的前端分别焊接铰接耳, 对应每个铰接耳在每个平面上轴向开设 T形滑 槽, 滑槽中安放与 T形滑槽配合的滑块; 用厚度为 5mm、 宽度为 10mm、 长度分 别为 60mm和 45mm的两根扁状不锈钢杆一端铰接制成可折叠的金属支架, 将金 属支架的前端与铰接耳铰接, 后端与滑块铰接, 制成逆向防滑装置;
[0026] 用厚度为 15mm、 边长为 15mm的正方形钢板制成托板, 用与杆体后端螺纹连接 的热轧六角螺母作为锁紧螺母, 组装成锚杆的锁固装置, 备用;
[0027] 用厚度为 5mm、 内径为 24mm、 外径为 40mm的圆环形钢片制成垫片, 用与自膨 胀体两端位置的杆体螺纹连接的热轧六角螺母作为紧固螺母, 组成自膨胀体的 固定装置;
[0028] 用厚度为 1mm的硅胶制成内径略小于药柱外径、 长度略大于自膨胀体长度的弹 性隔水保护套作为药柱密封防水装置;
[0029] (3) 组装自膨胀体锚杆
[0030] 将步骤 (2) 制成的逆向防滑装置安装在锚杆杆体的前端 (将长六角螺母旋入 杆体前端的螺纹上) ; 按每节自膨胀体的设计长度, 取适当数量的药柱相接, 自前向后套在杆体的设定位置, 同时利用自膨胀体的紧固螺母和垫片将每节自 膨胀体分别固定在杆体上; 然后将制成的弹性隔水保护套撑开, 逐个套在自膨 胀体的外部, 对自膨胀体进行防水防潮密封, 完成自膨胀体锚杆的组装。
[0031] 上述自膨胀锚杆的使用方法是:
[0032] 自膨胀锚杆使用时, 首先将弹性隔水保护套解除, 然后将锚杆置于水中浸泡; 水从双层套筒外壁上的透水孔通过柔性透水材料进入内部的膨胀剂中, 浸泡 6~8 min后将自膨胀锚杆从水中取出, 将弹性隔水保护套重新套在浸泡后的自膨胀体 上, 然后将锚杆插入钻孔中; 待 30~50min, 药柱中的膨胀剂反应膨胀, 膨胀压 将双层套筒的外壁挤破, 形成锚固剂, 通过弹性隔水保护套对钻孔孔壁产生径 向挤压, 使锚杆杆体与钻孔孔壁耦合在一起, 最后形成锚固体; 此时将托板穿 在露出钻孔的杆体后端, 向前旋拧与杆体后端螺纹连接的锁紧螺母, 使托板与 钻孔周围的围岩紧贴, 完成自膨胀锚杆的安装使用。
发明的有益效果 有益效果
[0033] 1、 本发明利用 CaO与水发生反应
[0034] CaO+H 20= Ca(OH) 2
[0035] 生成氢氧化钙, 在反应过程中伴随着分子结晶膨胀, 使药柱整体发生膨胀, 在 空间约束的情况下产生极大的膨胀压, 在膨胀压作用下, 药柱的双层套筒被挤 破, 自膨胀药柱与钻孔孔壁及杆体间紧密接触, 形成致密高强的锚固体。 锚固 体对钻孔孔壁和锚杆杆体产生很大的压应力, 为巷道围岩提供强大的锚固力; 锚固体对钻孔孔壁的强大膨胀压使自膨胀体间的岩体形成强有力的挤压作用, 这种挤压作用, 可以大大提高巷道围岩的整体稳固性, 改变岩体的破坏形式, 当围岩存在运动趋势或发生运动时, 靠围岩和自膨胀锚杆之间的摩擦力可以提 高自膨胀锚杆的锚固效果。
[0036] 2、 本发明采用由塑料或有机材料制成的双层套筒通过柔性透水材料包装膨胀 齐 1J, 能在一定程度上提高包装速度, 并可保护药柱在使用过程中不被外力损坏
[0037] 3、 本发明中的自膨胀体在锚杆杆体上采用间隔方式分布, 通过紧固螺母和垫 片使其固定, 利用间隔药柱产生的膨胀压在钻孔中形成作用范围更广、 分布更 均匀的锚固体, 当围岩存在运动趋势或发生运动时, 即使局部某个自膨胀体锚 固效果下降或失效, 并不影响其他自膨胀体的锚固效果。
[0038] 4、 本发明自膨胀体外包裹弹性隔水保护套, 在不影响药柱膨胀效果的同时, 可起到如下作用: 一是对制备好的药柱具有一定的隔水防潮作用, 避免药柱在 储存或运输过程中发生吸水反应, 导致自膨胀锚杆失效; 二是将自膨胀锚杆放 入钻孔中膨胀剂与水反应膨胀时将药柱与外界隔绝, 使其不会受到周围环境中 弱酸性水的破坏, 扩大自膨胀锚杆的适用范围; 三是对浸泡后的药柱放入钻孔 后起到暂时约束作用, 防止膨胀剂从药柱与钻孔间的缝隙中喷出。
[0039] 5、 本发明自膨胀锚杆可机械化批量生产, 制造成本低廉, 携带方便, 操作使 用简便, 反应速度快, 锚固效果好。
对附图的简要说明
附图说明 [0040] 图 1为本发明自膨胀锚杆的轴向剖视图;
[0041] 图 2为图 1中单个药柱的半剖图;
[0042] 图 3为沿图 2 A-A剖视图;
[0043] 图 4为图 1中逆向防滑装置的局部放大图;
[0044] 图 5为自膨胀锚杆的安装使用示意图。
[0045] 图中符号说明: 1-铰接耳, 2 -滑块, 3 -长六角螺母, 4 -紧固螺母, 5 -弹性隔水保 护套, 6 -透水孔, 7 -双层套筒, 8 -透水材料, 9 -膨胀剂, 10-筒盖, 11-托板, 12- 锁紧螺母, 13 -垫片, 14 -杆体, 15 -滑道, 16 -短杆, 17 -长杆, 18 -自膨胀体。 19- 围岩。 20 -松动圈, 21-巷道。
发明实施例
本发明的实施方式
[0046] 以下结合附图和实施例对本发明做进一步说明。
[0047] 结合图 1, 本发明自膨胀锚杆, 包括杆体 14, 间隔安装在杆体上的自膨胀体, 安装在杆体前端的逆向防滑装置和位于杆体后端的锁固装置。
[0048] 所述自膨胀体包括药柱, 药柱固定装置和药柱密封防水装置。
[0049] 结合图 1、 图 2和图 3, 所述药柱的外径小于围岩钻孔 3mm, 药柱由套在杆体上 的圆环形双层套筒 7和装在双层套筒内的膨胀剂 9组成。 双层套筒的一端封闭, 另一端有筒盖 10, 筒盖可旋拧在双层套筒的内壁上。 在双层套筒的外壁相对的 两侧沿轴向分别开设一组 (本实施例为五个) 透水孔 6。 膨胀剂由 CaO、 膨润土 、 硬化材料、 无水乙醇、 减水剂和缓凝剂混合组成, 各成分的重量配比为: CaO 65% , 膨润土 2%, 硬化材料 15%, 无水乙醇 10%, 减水剂 1%, 缓凝剂 7%。 膨胀 剂和双层套筒之间有由土工布或无纺布构成的透水材料 8。
[0050] 所述药柱固定装置包括位于药柱两端、 与所述杆体螺纹连接的紧固螺母 4和垫 片 13。 旋拧紧固螺母可使垫片夹紧药柱, 将药柱固定在杆体上。
[0051] 所述药柱密封防水装置为套在药柱外部的弹性隔水保护套 5。
[0052] 结合图 4, 所述逆向防滑装置包括与杆体前端螺纹连接的长六角螺母 3和六个由 长杆 17和短杆 16—端相互铰接构成的可折叠金属支架; 六个金属支架的前端 ( 即长杆的另一端) 分别与焊接在长六角螺母六个平面外壁上的铰接耳 1铰接; 金 属支架的后端 (即短杆的另一端) 有与其铰接的滑块 2, 该滑块可沿与所述铰接 耳对应、 纵向开设在长六角螺母平面外壁上的滑道 15滑动; 滑块向前滑动到终 点金属支架合拢 (锚杆未使用时状态) , 滑块向后滑动金属支架张开 (锚杆置 于钻孔中状态) 。
[0053] 结合图 1, 所述位于杆体后端的锁固装置包括套在杆体后端的托板 11和与杆体 的后端部螺纹连接的锁紧螺母 12, 锚杆使用时通过旋拧锁紧螺母可使托板与围 岩岩壁压紧。
[0054] 图 5所示为自膨胀锚杆的安装使用示意图, 其中 14为锚杆的杆体, 18为自膨胀 体, 19为围岩, 20为松动圈, 21为巷道。

Claims

权利要求书
[权利要求 1] 一种自膨胀锚杆, 其特征在于, 包括杆体 (14) , 间隔安装在杆体上 的自膨胀体, 安装在杆体前端的逆向防滑装置和位于杆体后端的锁固 装置;
所述自膨胀体包括药柱, 药柱固定装置和药柱密封防水装置; 所述药柱包括套在杆体上的圆环形双层套筒 (7) , 双层套筒的一端 封闭, 另一端有筒盖 (10) , 双层套筒的外壁开设有透水孔 (6) , 双层套筒内装有膨胀剂 (9) , 膨胀剂和双层套筒之间有具有韧性的 透水材料 (8) ;
所述药柱固定装置包括位于药柱两端、 与所述杆体螺纹连接的紧固螺 母 (4) 和垫片 (13) ; 旋拧紧固螺母可使垫片夹紧药柱, 将药柱固 定在杆体上;
所述药柱密封防水装置为套在药柱外部的弹性隔水保护套 (5) ; 所述逆向防滑装置包括与杆体前端螺纹连接的长六角螺母 (3) 和六 个由长杆 (17) 和短杆 (16) —端相互铰接构成的可折叠金属支架; 六个金属支架的前端分别与焊接在长六角螺母六个平面外壁上的铰接 耳 (1) 铰接; 金属支架的后端有与其铰接的滑块 (2) , 该滑块可沿 与所述铰接耳对应、 纵向开设在长六角螺母平面外壁上的滑道 (15) 滑动; 滑块向前滑动到终点金属支架合拢, 滑块向后滑动金属支架张 开;
所述位于杆体后端的锁固装置包括套在杆体后端的托板 (11) 和与杆 体的后端部螺纹连接的锁紧螺母 (12) , 锚杆使用时通过旋拧锁紧螺 母可使托板与围岩岩壁压紧;
所述透水材料 (8) 为土工布或无纺布;
所述膨胀剂 (9) 由 CaO、 膨润土、 硬化材料、 无水乙醇、 减水剂和 缓凝剂混合组成, 各成分的重量配比为: CaO 65% , 膨润土 2%, 硬 化材料 15%, 无水乙醇 10%, 减水剂 1%, 缓凝剂 7%;
所述药柱的外径小于围岩钻孔 3mm。 [权利要求 2] 权利要求 1所述自膨胀锚杆的制备方法, 其特征在于, 包括以下步骤
(1) 按以下顺序制作药柱
1) 以塑料或其它高分子材料为原料, 采用浇铸、 熔铸或 3D打印方法 制成长度为 10~15cm、 壁厚为 0.5~lmm的双层套筒和与之配套的筒盖
; 双层套筒的内孔孔径大于杆体直径 2mm, 双层套筒的外径小于钻孔 直径 3mm; 在双层套筒的外壁两侧对称开设相互间隔的透水孔;
2) 按照膨胀剂所含成分的重量配比称取原料; 将原料中的 CaO、 膨 润土、 硬化材料、 减水剂和缓凝剂混合, 搅拌均匀后加入无水乙醇继 续搅拌, 制成润湿状膨胀剂;
3) 将透水材料裁成长度与双层套筒长度相同、 宽度等于双层套筒外 径周长的矩形片状, 貼附在双层套筒的外壁内侧; 然后将 2) 中制成 的润湿状膨胀剂通过机械或手工方式填充到双层套筒中, 填充密度达 到 1.8~2.1g/m 3后, 用筒盖加密封胶封装;
4) 将 3) 填充润湿状膨胀剂的双层套筒放置在 70~80°C环境下 40~50mi n, 使内部的乙醇挥发, 制成药柱;
(2) 制作锚杆的杆体、 逆向防滑装置、 锁固装置、 自膨胀体的固定 装置及药柱密封防水装置
按锚杆的设计长度用精轧螺纹钢筋制成直径为 18~22mm的杆体, 在 杆体的前端部、 后端部和中间加装自膨胀体部位的两端分别车出螺纹 制作与杆体前端螺纹配合、 长度为 60mm的长六角螺母, 在长六角螺 母外壁的六个平面的前端分别焊接铰接耳, 对应每个铰接耳在每个平 面上轴向开设 T形滑槽, 滑槽中安放与 T形滑槽配合的滑块; 用厚度 为 5mm、 宽度为 10mm、 长度分别为 60mm和 45mm的两根扁状不锈钢 杆一端铰接制成可折叠的金属支架, 将金属支架的前端与铰接耳铰接 , 后端与滑块铰接, 制成逆向防滑装置;
用厚度为 15mm、 边长为 15mm的正方形钢板制成托板, 用与杆体后 端螺纹连接的热轧六角螺母作为锁紧螺母, 组装成锚杆的锁固装置, 备用;
用厚度为 5mm、 内径为 24mm、 外径为 40mm的圆环形钢片制成垫片 , 用与自膨胀体两端位置的杆体螺纹连接的热轧六角螺母作为紧固螺 母, 组成自膨胀体的固定装置;
用厚度为 1mm的桂胶制成内径略小于药柱外径、 长度略大于自膨胀体 长度的弹性隔水保护套作为药柱密封防水装置;
(3) 组装自膨胀体锚杆
将步骤 (2) 制成的逆向防滑装置安装在锚杆杆体的前端; 按每节自 膨胀体的设计长度, 取适当数量的药柱相接, 自前向后套在杆体的设 定位置, 同时利用自膨胀体的紧固螺母和垫片将每节自膨胀体分别固 定在杆体上; 然后将制成的弹性隔水保护套撑开, 逐个套在自膨胀体 的外部, 对自膨胀体进行防水防潮密封, 完成自膨胀体锚杆的组装。
[权利要求 3] 权利要求 1所述自膨胀锚杆的使用方法, 其特征在于, 首先将弹性隔 水保护套解除, 然后将锚杆置于水中浸泡; 水从双层套筒外壁上的透 水孔通过柔性透水材料进入内部的膨胀剂中, 浸泡 6~8min后将自膨 胀锚杆从水中取出, 将弹性隔水保护套重新套在浸泡后的自膨胀体上 , 然后将锚杆插入钻孔中; 待 30~50min, 药柱中的膨胀剂反应膨胀 , 膨胀压将双层套筒的外壁挤破, 形成锚固剂, 通过弹性隔水保护套 对钻孔孔壁产生径向挤压, 使锚杆杆体与钻孔孔壁耦合在一起, 最后 形成锚固体; 此时将托板穿在露出钻孔的杆体后端, 向前旋拧与杆体 后端螺纹连接的锁紧螺母, 使托板与钻孔周围的围岩紧贴, 完成自膨 胀锚杆的安装使用。
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