WO2019237294A1 - 用于测试燃油润滑性的装置、系统和试验机 - Google Patents

用于测试燃油润滑性的装置、系统和试验机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019237294A1
WO2019237294A1 PCT/CN2018/091156 CN2018091156W WO2019237294A1 WO 2019237294 A1 WO2019237294 A1 WO 2019237294A1 CN 2018091156 W CN2018091156 W CN 2018091156W WO 2019237294 A1 WO2019237294 A1 WO 2019237294A1
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Prior art keywords
test
testing
fuel
lubricity
temperature
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PCT/CN2018/091156
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
黄博涛
高晓勇
袁显阳
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北京朝阳高科应用技术研究所有限公司
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Priority to PCT/CN2018/091156 priority Critical patent/WO2019237294A1/zh
Publication of WO2019237294A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019237294A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N19/00—Investigating materials by mechanical methods
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/26—Oils; Viscous liquids; Paints; Inks
    • G01N33/28—Oils, i.e. hydrocarbon liquids
    • G01N33/30—Oils, i.e. hydrocarbon liquids for lubricating properties

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of fuel testing, and in particular, to a host device for determining the lubricity of a fuel, and more particularly, to a device, a system, and a testing machine for determining the lubricity of gasoline and diesel.
  • gasoline is the lightest liquid fuel with the lowest viscosity and boiling point, it can be assumed that gasoline is the least lubricious fuel.
  • new environmental regulations have been promulgated, and gasoline is more severely restricted than diesel.
  • the volatility, impurity content, and chemical composition of newly formulated gasoline are subject to new regulations.
  • the polar impurities, aromatics and olefins in gasoline have gradually decreased.
  • the conventional injection gasoline engine is gradually replaced by an electronically controlled direct injection gasoline engine, the working pressure of gasoline as a lubricating medium is greatly increased.
  • a device for testing lubricity of a fuel including:
  • a spindle connector provided at one end of the exciter for reciprocating movement under the action of the exciter
  • a shaft assembly one end of which is connected to the spindle connector
  • the test device includes a test portion, a test piece, and an oil box.
  • the test piece is disposed at the bottom of the oil box, and one end of the test portion is received in the oil box and pressed against the test.
  • On the chip the other end of the test portion is connected to the other end of the shaft assembly, and the oil box is used to hold a fuel sample;
  • a heating and measuring device for supporting the oil box and for heating the oil box and detecting a friction force between the test section and the test piece.
  • the exciter can provide a stable reciprocating vibration source for the test device to make it reciprocate, so that the test device has the same motion conditions during each test, and the test section is immersed in the fuel in the oil box to perform the test, thereby enabling Measure the lubricating performance of fuel.
  • the heating and measuring device can control the temperature control of the fuel in the oil box, and can measure the vibration data, so as to provide data support for evaluating the lubrication performance.
  • the test part can rub on the test piece to measure the lubricating performance of the fuel, the test piece can be replaced, and the operation is convenient, so that the device can be used repeatedly and the test efficiency can be improved.
  • the shaft assembly includes:
  • a secondary shaft one end of which is connected to the test device
  • a main shaft one end of which is connected to the main shaft connector, and the other end of which is inserted into the other end of the counter shaft;
  • a fixing nut is used to fix the main shaft and the counter shaft, and is used to adjust the length of the main shaft protruding from the counter shaft.
  • the length of the shaft assembly can be adjusted to meet different test requirements. For example, if the test piece is long, you can adjust the extension length of the main shaft by adjusting the fixing nut so that the test section is at different positions on the test piece The test is performed, so it is not necessary to frequently change the test piece when performing multiple tests, which can save the test time.
  • the shaft assembly further includes:
  • a displacement sensor is used to measure the displacement of the main shaft when it is reciprocated by the main shaft connector.
  • the displacement sensor of the device can obtain accurate displacement data of the main shaft, and then obtain the displacement of the test device, so as to provide data for testing the lubrication performance of the fuel.
  • the test section includes a jig and a test ball, one end of the jig is connected to the auxiliary shaft, and the test ball is disposed at the bottom of the jig.
  • test ball can be rubbed against the test piece of the oil box, and the performance of the fuel can be judged by the friction marks.
  • the use of a fixture can facilitate the replacement of the test ball, improve the test efficiency, and facilitate the operation.
  • a measuring load rod is provided at both ends of the jig, the extending direction of the measuring load rod is perpendicular to the secondary shaft, and the two ends of the measuring load rod respectively have annular grooves for receiving loading Lanyard for weights.
  • the force of the test ball on the test piece can be increased by loading a weight on the measuring load rod, thereby making the friction effect more obvious.
  • the heating and measuring device includes a heating stage, and an upper end surface of the heating stage is provided with a groove, and the oil box is caught in the groove of the heating stage and is fixedly connected to the heating stage. .
  • the groove of the device can fix the oil box on the heating table on the one hand, and increase the contact area between the heating table and the oil box on the other hand, thereby improving the heating effect.
  • the heating and measuring device includes a measuring section, the measuring section is disposed below the heating table and is connected to the heating table, and the measuring section includes: a vibration upper plate, a vibration lower plate, The vibration plate and the piezoelectric crystal sensor are connected between the vibration measurement upper plate and the vibration measurement lower plate through the vibration measurement plate which is fixed vertically, and the vibration measurement upper plate is connected with the piezoelectric crystal sensor.
  • the device can sense the vibration of the heating table through the vibration measurement upper plate, and then the vibration of the oil box.
  • the piezoelectric crystal sensor can perform accurate measurement, and then judge the vibration effect of the test device on the friction of the test piece;
  • the vibration piece can reduce the vibration transmitted to the lower plate for vibration measurement.
  • the piezoelectric crystal sensor is configured to detect a magnitude of a friction amount between the test portion and the test piece, and convert the magnitude of the friction amount into a digital signal representing a friction force through analog-to-digital conversion.
  • the piezoelectric crystal sensor can accurately measure the friction between the test part and the test piece, and provide data support for evaluating the lubricity.
  • the test device further includes a cover for covering the oil box, and a center of the cover is provided with a through hole for inserting the clamp through the through hole. Into the oil box.
  • the cover of the oil box of the device can prevent the excessive evaporation of light components such as fuel.
  • the device further includes an upper plate of a shock-proof base, a shock-proof pad and a lower plate of the shock-proof base, the shock-proof pad is located between the upper plate of the shock-proof base and the lower plate of the shock-proof base, and
  • the upper plate of the base is provided with a shaker support for supporting the shaker.
  • the device can reduce the reciprocating motion of the exciter and the vibration between the measuring part and the measuring piece of the oil box to the whole device through the shockproof base, thereby improving the measurement accuracy.
  • a system for testing fuel lubricity includes the device for testing fuel lubricity as described above, a compressor refrigeration temperature and humidity control device, and a main body case.
  • the device for testing the lubricity of fuel is housed in the main body case, and the compressor refrigeration temperature and humidity control device is used to control the temperature and humidity in the main body case.
  • the compressor refrigeration temperature and humidity control device includes a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) controller, a temperature and humidity transmitter, a liquid level alarm, a solid state relay, a humidity control device, and a temperature control device, wherein The PLC controller is respectively connected to the temperature and humidity transmitter, the liquid level alarm and the solid state relay, and the output end of the solid state relay is connected to the humidity control device and the temperature control device respectively.
  • PLC Programmable Logic Controller
  • the temperature control device includes a refrigeration compressor, the refrigeration compressor is connected to the PLC controller, and the refrigeration compressor is connected to an evaporator and a condenser through a pipeline in order to form a circulation circuit, and the evaporation
  • the evaporator is provided with an evaporator fan
  • the condenser is provided with a condenser fan
  • one side of the condenser is provided with a heater controlled by an analog output channel to control the temperature.
  • the humidity control device includes an air pump that communicates with a gas outlet below the chassis through a gas pipeline, a humidification solenoid valve and an air humidifier that are sequentially connected to the output end of the air pump through the gas pipeline, and through a gas pipe
  • the air heater, air dryer, dehumidification solenoid valve, and vent solenoid valve are sequentially connected to the output end of the air pump; wherein the output ends of the air humidifier and the dehumidification solenoid valve are connected through a gas pipeline respectively.
  • the gas input port to the chassis; the air pump, the humidification solenoid valve, the dehumidification solenoid valve, the vent solenoid valve, and the air heater are connected to the PLC controller, respectively.
  • a test machine which includes an upper computer, a lower computer, and a system for testing fuel lubricity as described above.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a device for testing fuel lubricity according to the present application
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a drive shaft assembly according to the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a weighing load bar according to the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a compressor refrigeration temperature and humidity control system according to the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a humidity control device according to the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a temperature control device according to the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of a testing machine according to the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a rear panel interface of a lower computer according to the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a test control panel of a host computer according to the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a test report panel of a host computer according to the present application.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of one embodiment of a device for testing fuel lubricity according to the present application.
  • the device includes: an exciter assembly, a heated vibration measurement assembly, a drive shaft assembly with a length adjustment function, and a shockproof base assembly.
  • the device can evaluate the lubricity of gasoline and diesel by high frequency reciprocating test.
  • the anti-vibration base assembly includes: an upper plate 17, an anti-shock cushion, and a lower plate 15 of the anti-vibration base, the anti-vibration pad 16 is located between the upper plate 17 and the lower 15 base
  • An exciter support 18 is provided on the upper plate 17 of the shockproof base for supporting the exciter assembly.
  • the anti-vibration pad 16 can reduce the vibration transmission between the upper plate 17 and the lower plate 15 of the shock-proof base, reduce the vibration generated by the entire device, and thereby improve the measurement accuracy.
  • the shaker assembly includes: a shaker (not shown), a shaker support 18, a bearing 19, a weight adjustment lever 20, and a weight 21.
  • the exciter support 18 includes two L-shaped supports, and the horizontal portion of the L-shaped support is fixed to the shock-proof base upper plate 17 of the shock-proof base by bolts. Between the vertical parts of the two L-shaped bearings, a rolling bearing 19 is mounted.
  • a fixing bolt is installed in the center hole of the bearing 19. One end of the fixing bolt is connected to the shaker ear, and the other end is fixed to the shaker housing 22.
  • the shaker can realize free swing in the pitch direction under the action of the bearing 19 .
  • a weight adjustment lever 20 is provided behind the shaker, and a weight 21 can be installed on the weight adjustment lever 20.
  • the weight of the shaker bearing 19 as a fulcrum can be guaranteed.
  • the weight is equal to that of the clamp 2 connected to the shaft assembly, so as to ensure that the clamp 2 and the exciter tail and the bearing 19 are in a horizontal balance state.
  • the drive shaft assembly with a length adjustment function includes: a main shaft connector 23, a main shaft 24, a displacement sensor, a fixing nut 26, and a counter shaft 27.
  • the displacement sensor includes a grating reader and a grating ruler 25, wherein the grating reader can be arranged on a plate on the shock-proof base, and the grating ruler is arranged on a main shaft.
  • the grating reader can be a basic infrared light source generator, which can emit the emitted light to a grating ruler attached to the spindle rod.
  • the grating ruler has a scale, so when the spindle rod is displaced, the grating ruler also moves forward and backward.
  • the grating reader is fixed. When the scale is moving, the light source emitted by the grating reader is illuminated on the scale, so the displacement length is detected.
  • the grating ruler 25 may be an incremental grating displacement sensor, an incremental magnetic grating displacement sensor, an absolute grating displacement sensor, or an absolute magnetic grating displacement sensor; wherein the incremental grating displacement sensor and the incremental magnetic
  • the grid displacement sensor has the function of outputting quadrature coded signals.
  • the main shaft connector 23 is disposed at one end of the exciter.
  • One end of the shaker has a groove, and the spindle connector 23 can be received in the groove, and reciprocates under the action of the shaker.
  • One end of the main shaft 24 is connected to the main shaft connector 23 and further connected to the exciter.
  • the other end of the main shaft 24 is inserted into one end of the counter shaft 27, and this end of the main shaft is a solid stainless steel threaded rod.
  • One end of the secondary shaft 27 is connected to the main shaft 24, and the end is a sleeve with a thread, and the sleeve is connected to the front end of the main shaft, that is, a stainless steel threaded rod.
  • the other end of the counter shaft 27 is connected to the test device of the heating vibration measuring assembly.
  • the fixing nut 26 is used to adjust the length of the main shaft 24 protruding from the auxiliary shaft 27. When the length is adjusted, the fixing nut 26 is pressed against the counter shaft, so that the fixing nut 26 is fixed.
  • the center point of the test piece is adjusted or found to meet different test requirements. For example, when the host device is inspected before leaving the factory, the center point of the test piece can be adjusted without adjustment. Then adjust the test ball to the center point of the test piece, which is convenient for users.
  • a scale ruler 25 is provided on the main shaft 24 for measuring the displacement of the main shaft 24 when it is reciprocated by the main shaft connector 23.
  • the scale 25 may be affixed to the main shaft 24 or fixed to the main shaft 24 by screws.
  • the scale ruler 25 can obtain accurate displacement data of the main shaft 24, and then obtain the displacement of the test device, so as to provide data for testing the lubrication performance of the fuel.
  • the heating vibration measuring assembly includes a test device and a heating and measuring device.
  • the test device includes: a weighing load rod 1, a load weight 14, a jig 2, an oil box 4, a test piece 6, and a test ball 5.
  • the heating and measuring device includes: a cover 3, a heating table 7, a vibration measuring upper plate 8, a vibration measuring plate 9, a vibration measuring lower plate 10, a fixed process plate 11, a piezoelectric crystal sensor 12, and a piezoelectric crystal sensor support 13.
  • one end of the jig 2 is connected to the secondary shaft 27, and a groove at a bottom of the jig 2 having a diameter of 6.5 mm and a depth of 5.5 mm is provided.
  • the test ball 5 is provided in a recess at the bottom of the jig 2 In the groove, use the top wire to enter the knob from the threaded hole on the side wall of the groove to fix the test ball and the fixture.
  • the jig can swing as the shaft swings up and down or back and forth.
  • the test piece 6 is disposed at the bottom of the oil box 4 and both are fixed by fixing screws. Optionally, the test piece is circular.
  • a fuel sample is contained in the oil box 4
  • a test ball 5 is contained in the oil box 4
  • the test ball 5 is pressed on the test piece 6.
  • the test ball 5 can be rubbed on the test piece 6 in a point-to-surface contact manner, thereby evaluating the lubricating performance of the fuel by measuring the friction effect.
  • the test strip 6 is replaceable and easy to operate, so that the device can be used repeatedly and the test efficiency can be improved.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a weighing load bar according to the present application.
  • Weighting rods 1 are provided at both ends of the clamp 2.
  • the extending direction of the weighting rods 1 is perpendicular to the secondary shaft 27.
  • Both ends of the weighting rods 1 have annular grooves for receiving the weights.
  • the load weight 14 is 200 grams.
  • the load measurement can be a rod part penetrating through the clamp 2.
  • the rod part has annular grooves at both ends.
  • One end of the lanyard is placed in the annular groove, and the other end is attached with a load weight 14.
  • the ball 5 is loaded with pressure so that the test ball 5 enters the oil box and is pressed against the test piece 6. Loading weights are hung on both ends of the lever member to balance the force.
  • the heating stage 7 can provide a heat source and constant temperature for the test oil in the oil tank 4.
  • a temperature measuring platinum resistor is inserted in the center position of the oil box 4 to measure the temperature of the oil box 4 so as to control the heating stage 7 to achieve a constant temperature.
  • the heating table 7 is made of aluminum.
  • An upper end surface of the heating stage 7 is provided with a groove and fixed with screws, and the oil box 4 is caught in the groove of the heating stage 7.
  • the groove is a U-shaped groove. The groove can fix the oil box 4 on the heating table 7 on the one hand, and can increase the contact area between the heating table 7 and the oil box 4 on the other hand, thereby improving the heating effect.
  • a cover body 3 is added to the upper part of the oil tank 4.
  • the cover body 3 is made of polytetrafluoroethylene. It can be understood that the diesel component is relatively heavy and is not easy to volatilize, and the cap body 3 is not required during the test.
  • the center of the lid body 3 is an elongated oval through hole, and the jig 2 can be inserted into the oil box 4 through the through hole, and the test ball 5 can be pressed on the test piece 6.
  • Below the heating table 7 is a vibration measuring device. The two are fixed by fixing screws.
  • the vibration measuring upper plate 8 and the vibration measuring lower plate 10 of the vibration measuring device establish a connection through a vibration measuring plate 9 fixed vertically in the middle.
  • the vibration measuring plate 9 is made of steel.
  • the piezoelectric crystal sensor 12 is connected to the vibration measurement upper plate 8, and the other end is fixed on the support of the piezoelectric crystal sensor 12 with a screw to perform vibration measurement.
  • the vibration measuring device, the support of the piezoelectric crystal sensor 12 and the piezoelectric crystal sensor 12 are all fixed on a process board, and the process board is fixed on a shockproof base.
  • the piezoelectric crystal sensor is used to detect the magnitude of the friction amount between the test portion and the test piece, and the magnitude of the friction amount is converted into a digital signal representing a friction force by analog-to-digital conversion. When the test ball and test piece are stretched and squeezed under mechanical action, the charge will change accordingly.
  • a crystal with a piezoelectric effect is called a piezoelectric crystal.
  • Another embodiment of the present application provides a system for testing fuel lubricity.
  • the system includes the above-mentioned device for testing fuel lubricity, a compressor refrigeration temperature and humidity control device, and a host casing.
  • the test fuel lubrication The compressor is contained in the main body box, and the compressor refrigeration temperature and humidity control device is used to control the temperature and humidity in the main body box.
  • the compressor refrigeration temperature and humidity control device has four basic functions and is fully automatic control. These four basic functions are: heating, cooling, drying and humidification.
  • the compressor refrigeration temperature and humidity control device is located in the main body of the compressor. In addition, the two are connected by air pipes and water pipes, that is, using a split connection. Some components of the sensors and control devices are located in the main body. Since the compressor has relatively high-intensity vibration after starting, this vibration has a stability effect on the test host in the test chamber, so the compressor is set outside the main engine box.
  • the compressor refrigeration temperature and humidity control system includes a PLC controller, a temperature and humidity transmitter 41, a liquid level alarm 42, a solid state relay 43, a humidity control device, and a temperature control device.
  • the PLC controller signal is respectively connected to the temperature and humidity transmitter 41, the liquid level alarm 42 and the solid state relay 43.
  • the output end of the solid state relay 43 is connected to a humidity control device and a temperature control device, and the PLC controller signal is connected.
  • the condenser fan 61 and the evaporator fan 62 have a temperature control device, and the condenser fan 61 and the evaporator fan 62 are connected in parallel to a low voltage.
  • the temperature control device 68 includes a refrigeration compressor 63, which is connected to a PLC controller.
  • the refrigeration compressor 63 is connected to the evaporator 66 and the condenser 67 through a pipeline in order to form a circulation circuit.
  • An evaporator fan 62 is installed on the side of the condenser 66, a condenser fan 61 is installed on the side of the condenser 67, and a heater 64 controlled by an analog output channel is provided on the side of the condenser 67 to control the temperature.
  • R1 to R6 respectively indicate the load of the D00 port to the D07 port of the PLC
  • R1-1 to R8-1 represent the switches
  • the output signals of the D00 port to the D07 port respectively control the load work on the R1-1 to R8-1 lines.
  • the power regulation module 65 is a device with a certain range of power control capability, and can perform related change work under a set program.
  • the humidity control device includes an air pump 52 that communicates with a gas outlet below the casing 58 through a gas pipe, and a humidification solenoid valve 51 and an air humidifier 57 that are sequentially connected to the output end of the air pump 52 through the gas pipe.
  • the air heater 53, the air dryer 54, the dehumidification solenoid valve 55, and the vent solenoid valve 56 are connected to the output end of the air pump 52 in sequence; the output ends of the air humidifier 57 and the dehumidification solenoid valve 55 are respectively merged through the gas pipeline 7.
  • the air pump 52, the humidifying solenoid valve 51, the dehumidifying solenoid valve 55, the venting solenoid valve 56, and the air heater 53 are respectively connected to the PLC controller.
  • Humidity control mode Two-position control mode. When the set value and dead zone are set, it will work in the humidifying or dehumidifying working area.
  • the display and functions of the compressor refrigeration temperature and humidity control system are set as follows.
  • (1)Parameter calibration Click the parameter calibration option to enter the parameter calibration window.
  • the calibration uses a process signal calibrator to calibrate the two parameters of flow temperature and humidity.
  • the window writes the calibrated lower limit value according to the temperature and humidity transmitter specifications. This value can be determined according to the working range. For example, 10 degrees Celsius is now selected.
  • the lower limit window displays the binary number after 1V analog A / D conversion; the display value window displays It is the corresponding engineering value.
  • Click the upper limit of the temperature item (value) window to write the calibrated upper limit value according to the specifications of the temperature transmitter. This value can be determined according to the working range. For example, 50 degrees Celsius is now selected.
  • the lower limit window displays the binary number after 1V analog A / D conversion; the display value window displays the corresponding engineering value.
  • Humidity calibration Click on the humidity window and repeat steps 2 to 6 of temperature calibration.
  • 1Temperature setting Click the temperature item to enter the temperature setting window. Click the temperature setting window to fill in the value to be set. After setting, click the back button.
  • Humidity setting Click the humidity item, it will enter the humidity setting window, click the humidity setting window to fill in the value to be set; click the dead zone setting window, fill in the value to be set. After setting, click the back button.
  • PID setting Click the PID setting item to enter the PID setting window. You can fill in the values in each window separately, or you can click the auto-tuning key. The system can automatically calculate and fill in the PID values. After setting, click the back button.
  • the desiccant After clicking the drying button, the desiccant will be dried and cooled according to the preset time.
  • the utility model has the following beneficial effects: high refrigeration efficiency, the highest heating energy efficiency ratio (COP) can reach 3.8, and energy conservation; the refrigeration temperature control of the compressor is controlled by the analog output channel to control the heater Achieved, taking into account the accuracy of the sensor, the matching ability of the actuator, and the setting of PID parameters, the control accuracy reaches at least 0.5 degrees Celsius, and the matching ability and parameter optimization can reach 0.1 degrees Celsius. 1 degree Celsius has been improved; the compressor cooling method has a higher cooling capacity, which can meet the conditions of use in extreme weather (high indoor temperature); the temperature drops quickly, and the constant temperature and humidity for the diesel lubricity test device System can greatly improve work efficiency.
  • COP heating energy efficiency ratio
  • the compressor refrigeration temperature and humidity control device can measure and control the temperature and humidity in the main engine case, thereby ensuring that the device used to test the lubricity of the fuel is in a stable temperature and humidity environment experimenting.
  • the testing machine 70 includes an upper computer 71, a lower computer 72 and a system 73 for testing fuel lubricity as described above, which are sequentially connected.
  • the upper computer 71 can be a general-purpose PC or an industrial control computer. It is a running platform for user monitoring software. It is mainly used to interact with the user interface and set the running status of the lower computer according to the user's operation. , The instruction control and data monitoring of the lower computer, and continuously store the data sent from the lower computer; when offline, analyze and process the stored test data, and calculate the test results.
  • the lower computer 72 may be an automatic control system composed of a microcontroller and a peripheral interface circuit, which is mainly responsible for controlling the mechanical part of the testing machine, and simultaneously collecting multiple test data and continuously sending it to the upper computer for processing.
  • the main functions of the lower machine 72 include: powering the various sensors installed on the test machine; collecting the analog output of the sensor and the orthogonal coded signal of the grating reading head; providing a sinusoidal voltage signal input for driving the exciter; Fan and heater operation switch and PWM signal; communicate with the host computer to transmit the collected data; press the switch on the front panel of the host computer to start the host computer.
  • the red power indicator on the front panel of the host computer is on Indicates that the power is on.
  • the orange reset lamp on the front panel of the lower computer will blink continuously, which reminds the user that the lower computer is ready.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a rear panel interface structure of a lower computer.
  • the connection relationship between the upper computer 71, the lower computer 72, and the system 73 for testing fuel lubricity as described above is as follows.
  • One end of the control signal transmission cable is connected to the J1 terminal on the rear panel of the lower computer, and the other end is connected to the interface board on the rear side of the mechanical part of the testing machine.
  • the control signal transmission cable is a 12-core cable with two 12-pin aviation plugs at both ends.
  • Data acquisition cable One end of the data acquisition cable is connected to the J2 terminal on the rear panel of the lower computer, and the other end is connected to the interface board on the rear side of the mechanical part of the system for testing fuel lubricity.
  • the data acquisition cable is a 16-core cable with two 19-pin aviation plugs at both ends.
  • One end of the signal line of the charge amplifier is a coaxial cable connector.
  • the large terminal of the charge amplifier signal line is connected to the J3 terminal on the rear panel of the lower computer, and the small terminal is connected to the friction sensor of the system 73 for testing fuel lubricity.
  • the output end of the grating signal cable is a 15-pin D-shaped plug. This plug is connected to the J4 terminal on the rear panel of the lower computer. The other end of the cable is directly connected to the encoder.
  • Both ends of the communication cable of the upper and lower computers are nine-pin D-shaped connectors. One end of the cable is connected to the J5 terminal on the rear panel of the lower computer, and the other end is connected to any available RS232 port of the upper computer.
  • the power cables of the upper computer and lower computer, and the power cable of the upper computer display are connected to the power sockets respectively, and the signal cables of the mouse, keyboard, and monitor are connected to the upper computer, respectively.
  • the digital signal processor in the lower computer performs AD sampling on the voltage signal sent by the signal conditioning module at a certain clock cycle; at the same time, the position signal of the spindle rod input by the grating reading head is continuously detected; The algorithm program of each control link is called to complete the automatic control of each actuator of the system. After each sampling, the lower unit will continuously send the collected signal data to the upper computer for processing through the serial port.
  • the lower computer can continuously collect valid data, such as: temperature, humidity, friction, oil film thickness, shaker stroke, etc., and according to Automatic adjustment and control of actuators on systems used to test fuel lubricity under specific conditions.
  • the measurement of the physical quantity is mainly completed by an analog-to-digital conversion circuit of a digital signal processor.
  • the TMS320F2812 processor it can sample 16 channels of analog signals at the same time with a sampling accuracy of 12 bits.
  • a reflective grating with a precision of 5 ⁇ m is used directly, and the position signal of the exciter shaft is read through the grating reading head.
  • the ambient temperature is controlled by a simple threshold, and the oil heating temperature is controlled by a basic fuzzy controller.
  • the communication uses RS232 serial port to connect with the upper computer.
  • the lower computer software will send the collected sensor data to the upper computer. It can be guaranteed that in each sinusoidal motion cycle of the exciter, for example, taking the 50Hz condition adopted in the standard as an example, friction data of at least 90 points and other data of at least 3 points are taken in order to completely restore the Data content.
  • the system functions of the upper computer 71 include the function of calibrating and adjusting the test parameters and setting and correcting the control parameters by the user before the test machine officially starts working. It is only used before the official test. Certain protective measures must be taken during use, combined with specific instruments, such as a calibration signal source for calibration.
  • the test function of the host computer 71 includes providing all the user's and test operation options. During the test, the user only needs to operate the oil temperature heater and the start-stop control of the shaker to complete the test.
  • the upper computer 71 sends the control parameters or instructions formulated by the user to the lower computer, and continuously receives , Display, save various physical quantities sent by the lower computer. The user can monitor the test process by observing the panels in the parameter display area and the graph line display area.
  • test results can be calculated and saved, and a test report including test results, test environment parameters, and test data graph lines can be generated.
  • the test control panel is the interface for users to perform test control and monitoring. After the test control panel is opened, the program will automatically try to establish communication with the lower computer. After observing that the data on the test control panel starts to update automatically, the user should first observe whether the temperature and humidity conditions in the current test box can perform the test. If the test conditions cannot be met, the temperature and humidity in the box should be adjusted so that it falls within the allowable range of the test, and then the test is performed. When the temperature inside the box is too low, the user can press the start button on the right side of the "test box temperature control", the test machine will automatically heat the air in the box and stabilize it near the user set value.
  • the user can observe all the parameters in the test control panel, and simultaneously observe the changes in the three coefficients of friction coefficient, oil film thickness and oil temperature in the form of a graph.
  • the upper computer can also display the current value or other parameters of the temperature in the test box. The user can observe the current temperature and humidity conditions in the test box in the "permissible range of the test environment" box to determine whether the test is at the allowed temperature. Performed within the humidity range.
  • the oil test system will complete the test process within the set time by itself, and after the test time ends, the shaker and test oil heater will be automatically turned off.
  • the user can calculate the test results and print a test report.
  • the user imports the test project file, selects the type of oil sample, and fills the long axis and short axis length of the test ball wear spot measured with the microscope into the corresponding text boxes.
  • the upper computer can automatically calculate and obtain the various reports and The calculation results of the graph and test report panel are shown in Figure 10.

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Abstract

一种用于测试燃油润滑性的装置、系统和试验机。装置包括：激振器；主轴连接器，设置在激振器的一端，用于在激振器的作用下往复运动；轴杆组件，轴杆组件的一端与主轴连接器连接；试验装置，包括测试部、试验片和油盒，试验片设置在油盒内的底部，测试部的一端容纳在油盒内并且压在试验片上，测试部的另一端与轴杆组件的另一端连接；和加热和测量装置，加热和测量装置用于支撑油盒，该油盒用于容纳燃油样品，并且用于对油盒加热并检测油盒的振动。采用该装置，能够对燃油的润滑性进行检测，操作简便，测试结果客观准确。

Description

用于测试燃油润滑性的装置、系统和试验机 技术领域
本申请涉及燃油测试领域，特别是涉及一种用于测定燃油润滑性的主机装置，更具体地，涉及一种用于测定汽油、柴油润滑性的装置、系统和试验机。
背景技术
由于汽油是最轻的液体燃料，粘度和沸点都最低，可以推想汽油是润滑性最差的燃料。近几年来为了解决节油和减排两大难题，新环保法规不断出台，汽油比柴油受到更严格的限制。不单尾气排放要达标，而且新配方汽油的挥发度、杂质含量、化学组成都受到新法规的制约，汽油中的极性杂质，芳烃和烯烃含量逐步下降。另一方面，由于常规喷射方式汽油发动机被电控直喷汽油机逐渐替代，因此很大程度上增加了汽油作为润滑介质的工作压力。目前，市场已经出现了汽油磨损问题，但大规模的汽油泵失效问题尚未出现，要防止喷气燃料和低硫柴油的严重事故在汽油中重演，研究评价汽油润滑性的仪器迫在眉睫。目前，现有技术中并没有便于用户操作的用于测试汽油、柴油润滑性的试验机。
发明内容
根据本申请的一个方面，提供了一种用于测试燃油润滑性的装置，包括：
激振器；
主轴连接器，所述主轴连接器设置在所述激振器的一端，用于在所述激振器的作用下往复运动；
轴杆组件，所述轴杆组件的一端与所述主轴连接器连接；
试验装置，所述试验装置包括测试部、试验片和油盒，所述试验片设置在所述油盒内的底部，所述测试部的一端容纳在所述油盒内并且压在所述试验片上，所述测试部的另一端与所述轴杆组件的另一端连接，所述油盒用于容纳燃油样品；和
加热和测量装置，所述加热和测量装置用于支撑所述油盒，并且用于对所述油盒加热并检测所述测试部和所述试验片之间的摩擦力。
采用该装置，能够对燃油的润滑性进行检测，操作简便，测试结果客观准确。其中，激振器能对试验装置提供了稳定的往复振动源，使其往复运动，从 而使得试验装置每次测试时的运动条件相同，测试部浸在油盒中的燃油中进行试验，从而能够测量燃油的润滑性能。加热和测量装置能够对油盒中燃油的温控进行控制，并且能够测量振动数据，从而为评价润滑性能提供数据支持。测试部能够在试验片上进行摩擦，从而测量燃油的润滑性能，试验片可以更换，操作方便，从而使得该装置能够反复使用，并且能够提高测试效率。
可选地，所述轴杆组件包括：
副轴杆，所述副轴杆的一端与所述试验装置连接；
主轴杆，所述主轴杆的一端与所述主轴连接器连接，另一端插入到所述副轴杆的另一端中；和
固定螺母，用于固定所述主轴杆和所述副轴杆，并且用于调节所述主轴杆从所述副轴杆中伸出的长度。
采用该装置，可以调节轴杆组件的长度，以适应不同的试验要求，例如，如果试验片较长，可以通过调整固定螺母进而调节主轴杆伸出的长度，让测试部在试验片的不同位置进行试验，因此在进行多次试验的时候不用频繁更换试验片，能够节省测试时间。
可选地，所述轴杆组件还包括：
位移传感器，用于测量所述主轴杆在所述主轴连接器的带动下作往复运动时的位移。
采用该装置的位移传感器能够获得主轴杆的准确位移数据，进而获得试验装置的位移，从而为测试燃油的润滑性能提供数据。
可选地，所述测试部包括夹具和试验球，所述夹具的一端与所述副轴杆连接，所述试验球设置在所述夹具的底部。
采用该装置，试验球能够和油盒的试验片进行摩擦，通过摩擦痕迹判断燃油的性能，采用夹具可以便于替换试验球，能够提高测试效率，便于操作。
可选地，所述夹具的两端设置有衡量加载杆，所述衡量加载杆的延伸方向与所述副轴杆垂直，所述衡量加载杆的两端分别具有环形凹槽，用于容纳加载砝码的挂绳。
采用该装置，能够通过在衡量加载杆加载砝码而加大试验球压在试验片上的力，从而使得摩擦效果更加明显。
可选地，所述加热和测量装置包括加热台，所述加热台的上端面设置有凹槽，所述油盒卡在所述加热台的所述凹槽内并与所述加热台固定连接。
该装置的凹槽一方面能够将油盒固定在加热台上，另一方面能够增加加热台和油盒的接触面积，从而提高加热效果。
可选地，所述加热和测量装置包括测量部，所述测量部设置在所述加热台下方，与所述加热台连接，所述测量部包括：测振上板、测振下板、测振片和压电晶体传感器，所述测振上板与所述测振下板之间通过垂直固定的所述测振片连接，所述测振上板与所述压电晶体传感器连接。
该装置能够通过测振上板传感加热台的振动，进而传感油盒的振动，通过压电晶体传感器能够进行精确的测量，进而判断试验装置对试验片的摩擦时产生的振动影响；测振片能够使传递到测振下板的振动减小。
可选地，所述压电晶体传感器用于检测所述测试部和所述试验片之间的摩擦量的幅度，通过模数转换将所述摩擦量的幅度转换为表示摩擦力的数字信号。
通过压电晶体传感器能够准确测量测试部和试验片的摩擦力，为评定润滑性提供数据支持。
可选地，所述试验装置还包括盖体，所述盖体用于盖在所述油盒上方，所述盖体的中心设置有通孔，用于使所述夹具通过所述通孔插入至所述油盒中。
该装置的油盒采用盖体能够防止燃油等轻组分样品的过分挥发。
可选地，该装置还包括：防震基座上板、防震垫和防震基座下板，所述防震垫位于所述防震基座上板和所述防震基座下板之间，所述防震基座上板上设置有激振器支座，用于支撑所述激振器。
该装置能够通过防震基座减少激振器的往复运动和测量部与油盒的测量片之间的摩擦对整个装置产生的振动，从而提高测量的精度。
根据本申请的另一个方面，还提供了一种用于测试燃油润滑性的系统，该系统包括如上所述的用于测试燃油润滑性的装置、压缩机制冷温度湿度控制装置和主机箱体，所述测试燃油润滑性的装置容纳在所述主机箱体内，所述压缩机制冷温度湿度控制装置用于对所述主机箱体内的温度和湿度进行控制。
可选地，所述压缩机制冷温度湿度控制装置包括可编程逻辑控制器(ProgrammableLogicController,PLC)控制器、温湿度变送器、液位报警器、固体继电器、湿度控制装置和温度控制装置，其中，所述PLC控制器分别与所述温湿度变送器、所述液位报警器和所述固体继电器连接，所述固体继电器的输出端与分别所述湿度控制装置和所述温度控制装置连接。
可选地，所述温度控制装置包括制冷压缩机，所述制冷压缩机与所述PLC控制器连接，所述制冷压缩机通过管路依次连接蒸发器、冷凝器以形成循环回路，所述蒸发器设有蒸发器风扇，所述冷凝器设有冷凝器风扇，所述冷凝器一侧设置有由模拟量输出通道控制的加热器控制温度。
可选地，所述湿度控制装置包括：通过气体管路与机箱下方的气体出口连通的气泵，通过气体管路依次与所述气泵的输出端连接的加湿电磁阀和空气加湿器，通过气体管路依次与气泵的输出端连接的空气加热器、空气干燥器、除湿电磁阀和放空电磁阀；其中，所述空气加湿器和所述除湿电磁阀的输出端，分别经气体管路汇合后连接至机箱的气体输入口；所述气泵、所述加湿电磁阀、所述除湿电磁阀、所述放空电磁阀、所述空气加热器分别与所述PLC控制器连接。
根据本申请的另一个方面，还提供了一种试验机，包括依次相连的上位机、下位机与如上所述的用于测试燃油润滑性的系统。
根据下文结合附图对本申请具体实施例的详细描述，本领域技术人员将会更加明了本申请的上述以及其他目的、优点和特征。
附图说明
图1是根据本申请的用于测试燃油润滑性的装置的一个实施例的示意性结构图；
图2是根据本申请的驱动轴杆总成的示意性结构图；
图3是根据本申请的衡量加载杆的示意性结构图；
图4是根据本申请的压缩机制冷温度湿度控制系统的一个实施例的原理图；
图5是根据本申请的湿度控制装置的示意性结构图；
图6是根据本申请的温度控制装置的示意性结构图
图7是根据本申请的试验机的一个实施例的示意性框图；
图8是根据本申请的下位机后面板接口结构示意图；
图9是根据本申请的上位机的试验控制面板的示意图；
图10是根据本申请的上位机的试验报表面板的示意图。
在附图中：
1、衡量加载杆；2、夹具；3、盖体；4、油盒；5、试验球；6、试验片；7、加热台；8、测振上板；9、测振片；10、测振下板；11、固定工艺板；12、压电晶体传感器；13、压电晶体传感器支座；14、加载砝码；15、防震基座下板；16、防震垫；17、防震基座上板；18、激振器支座；19、轴承；20、配重调节杆；21、配重砝码；22、激振器壳体；23、主轴连接器；24、主轴杆；25、光栅尺；26、固定螺母；27、副轴杆；28、被测油料；29、信号采集器；30、信号线；31、读数头；32、栅尺；41、温湿度变送器；42、液位报警器；43、 固体继电器；51、加湿电磁阀；52、气泵；53、空气加热器；54、空气干燥器；55、除湿电磁阀；56、放空电磁阀；57、空气加湿器；58、机箱；61、冷凝器风扇；62、蒸发器风扇；63、制冷压缩机；64、加热器；65、调功模块；66、蒸发器；67、冷凝器；68、温度控制装置；70、试验机；71、上位机；72、下位机；73用于测试燃油润滑性的系统。
具体实施方式
本申请的实施例提供了一种用于测试燃油润滑性的装置。图1是根据本申请的用于测试燃油润滑性的装置的一个实施例的示意性结构图。该装置包括：激振器总成、加热测振总成、具备长度调节功能的驱动轴杆总成和防震基座总成。该装置能够通过高频往复试验对汽、柴油润滑性进行评定。
防震基座总成包括：防震基座上板17、防震垫16和防震基座下板15，所述防震垫16位于所述防震基座上板17和所述防震基座下板15之间，所述防震基座上板17上设置有激振器支座18，用于支撑激振器总成。防震垫16能够减少防震基座上板17和防震基座下板15之间的振动传递，减少整个装置产生的振动，从而提高测量的精度。
激振器总成包括：激振器(未示出)、激振器支座18、轴承19、配重调节杆20和配重砝码21。激振器支座18包括两个L型支座，L型支座的水平部分通过螺栓固定在防震基座的防震基座上板17上。两个L型支座的竖直部分之间安装有能够滚动的轴承19。轴承19的中心孔内安装有固定螺栓，固定螺栓的一端连接激振器支耳，另一端固定在激振器壳体22上，激振器在轴承19的作用下可以实现俯仰方向的自由摆动。激振器后方设置有配重调节杆20，配重调节杆20上可以安装配重砝码21，通过调节配重砝码21能够保证以激振器轴承19为支点，激振器尾部的重量和与轴杆组件连接的夹具2的重量相等，从而保证夹具2与激振器尾部与轴承19呈现水平平衡状态。
具备长度调节功能的驱动轴杆总成包括：主轴连接器23、主轴杆24、位移传感器、固定螺母26和副轴杆27。
可选地，位移传感器包括光栅读数器和光栅尺25，其中，光栅读数器可以设置在防震基座上板上，光栅尺设置在主轴杆上。光栅读数器可以是基础的红外光源发生器，能将发射出来的光照到贴在主轴杆上的光栅尺上，光栅尺具有刻度，因此当主轴杆在位移时，光栅尺也随之前后运动，而光栅读数器是固定的，当光栅尺在运动时，其光栅读数器发出的光源照射到光栅尺上，因此就检 测了位移长度。可选地，光栅尺25可以是增量式光栅位移传感器、增量式磁栅位移传感器、绝对式光栅位移传感器或绝对式磁栅位移传感器；其中，增量式光栅位移传感器与增量式磁栅位移传感器具有正交编码信号的输出功能。
其中，主轴连接器23设置在所述激振器的一端。激振器的一端具有凹槽，该主轴连接器23能够容纳在该凹槽里，并且在激振器的作用下往复运动。主轴杆24的一端与所述主轴连接器23连接，进而与激振器相连接。主轴杆24的另一端插入到副轴杆27的一端中，主轴杆的该端为实心的不锈钢螺纹杆。主轴杆上具有孔，该孔为长圆形，用来注入胶水以粘贴光栅尺25，同时具有减轻轴杆组件的总体质量，使得激振器的输出力更加的稳定，孔两边的螺丝是用来固定光栅尺的两条边，这样一来，不仅通过粘胶固定了光栅尺25中间的部位，防止光栅尺凸起，又固定了光栅尺两边的位置，使得光栅尺在主轴杆上更加牢固。
副轴杆27的一端与主轴杆24连接，该端是一个具有螺纹的套筒，该套筒与主轴杆的前端，即不锈钢螺纹杆相连接。副轴杆27的另一端与加热测振总成的试验装置连接。
固定螺母26用于调节所述主轴杆24从所述副轴杆27中伸出的长度。当长度调整好以后固定螺母26顶住副轴杆，使固定螺母26固定。通过调节轴杆组件的长度，调节或寻找试验片的中心点，以适应不同的试验要求，例如，在主机装置进行出厂前检验时，可以不调整到试验片的中心点进行调试，当调试好后将试验球调整到试验片的中心点，便于用户使用。
光栅尺25设置在所述主轴杆24上，用于测量所述主轴杆24在所述主轴连接器23的带动下作往复运动时的位移。光栅尺25可以粘贴在主轴杆24上，也可以通过螺钉固定在主轴杆24上。光栅尺25能够获得主轴杆24的准确位移数据，进而获得试验装置的位移，从而为测试燃油的润滑性能提供数据。
加热测振总成包括试验装置以及加热和测量装置。其中，试验装置包括：衡量加载杆1、加载砝码14、夹具2、油盒4、试验片6和试验球5。加热和测量装置包括：盖体3、加热台7、测振上板8、测振片9、测振下板10、固定工艺板11、压电晶体传感器12、压电晶体传感器支座13。
在试验装置中，所述夹具2的一端与所述副轴杆27连接，夹具底部有一个直径6.5mm，深度5.5mm的凹槽，所述试验球5设置在所述夹具2的底部的凹槽中，利用顶丝从凹槽侧壁上的螺纹孔中旋钮进去，将试验球与夹具固定。夹具能够随着轴杆的上下摆动或者前后摆动而摆动。试验片6设置在所述油盒 4内的底部，二者通过固定螺丝固定，可选地，测试片为圆形。在工作状态下，油盒4内装有燃油样品，试验球5容纳在所述油盒4内，试验球5压在所述试验片6上。试验球5能够以点和面的接触方式在试验片6上进行摩擦，从而通过测量摩擦效果评定燃油的润滑性能。试验片6可以更换，操作方便，从而使得该装置能够反复使用，并且能够提高测试效率。
图2是根据本申请的衡量加载杆的示意性结构图。夹具2的两端设置有衡量加载杆1，所述衡量加载杆1的延伸方向与所述副轴杆27垂直，所述衡量加载杆1的两端分别具有环形凹槽，用于容纳加载砝码14的挂绳。可选地，加载砝码14为200克。加载衡量可以为一根贯穿于夹具2的杆部件，该杆部件的两端具有环形凹槽，将挂绳的一端放置于环形凹槽中，另一端则挂上加载砝码14，能够给试验球5加载压力，以使得试验球5进入油盒压在试验片6上。杆部件的两端均挂上加载砝码能够起到平衡作用力的效果。
在加热和测量装置中，加热台7能够为油盒4中的试验用油提供热源并恒定温度。其中，通过一根测温铂电阻插在油盒4的中心位置来测量油盒4的温度，从而控制加热台7从而实现温度的恒定。可选地，所述加热台7采用铝制成。加热台7的上端面设置有凹槽并用螺丝固定，所述油盒4卡在所述加热台7的所述凹槽内。可选地，凹槽为U型槽。凹槽一方面能够将油盒4固定在加热台7上，另一方面能够增加加热台7和油盒4的接触面积，从而提高加热效果。
为了防止轻组分样品，例如，汽油的过分挥发，因此在油盒4上部加装了一个盖体3，可选地，盖体3采用聚四氟材料制成。可以理解的是，柴油组分较重不容易挥发，在进行试验时不需要加盖体3。盖体3的中心是长形椭圆通孔，能够使夹具2从该通孔插入至油盒4中，使试验球5压在试验片6上。加热台7下方是测振装置，二者通过固定螺丝固定，测振装置的测振上板8与测振下板10通过中间垂直固定的测振片9建立连接。可选地，测振片9采用钢制成。
压电晶体传感器12的一端连接测振上板8，另一端则用螺丝固定在压电晶体传感器12支座上，从而进行振动的测量。测振装置、压电晶体传感器12支座与压电晶体传感器12均固定在一块工艺板上，该工艺板固定在防震基座上。压电晶体传感器用于检测所述测试部和所述试验片之间的摩擦量的幅度，通过模数转换将所述摩擦量的幅度转换为表示摩擦力的数字信号。当试验球和试验片在机械作用下发生拉伸和挤压，其电荷会发生相应的变化，因此将具有压电 效应的晶体称为压电晶体；当试验球在试验片上进行摩擦时，压电晶体传感器则检测到摩擦量的幅度，然后经过计算转换为数字信号输出，该输出表示摩擦力的数值。
本申请的另一个实施例提供了一种用于测试燃油润滑性的系统，该系统包括上述用于测试燃油润滑性的装置、压缩机制冷温度湿度控制装置和主机箱体，所述测试燃油润滑性的装置容纳在所述主机箱体内，该压缩机制冷温度湿度控制装置用于对所述主机箱体内的温度和湿度进行控制。
压缩机制冷温度湿度控制装置具备四项基本的功能，且为全自动控制，这四项基本功能分别为：加热、制冷、干燥及加湿，压缩机制冷温度湿度控制装置的压缩机位于主机箱体之外，二者通过气管及水管连接，即，采用分体式连接。传感器和控制装置的部分器件位于主机箱体内。由于压缩机在启动后有强度比较高的振动，这种振动尤其对试验箱体内的试验主机具有稳定性影响，因此将压缩机设置在主机箱体外。
参见图4，压缩机制冷温度湿度控制系统，包括PLC控制器、温湿度变送器41、液位报警器42、固体继电器43、湿度控制装置、温度控制装置。其中，PLC控制器信号分别与温湿度变送器41、液位报警器42和固体继电器43连接，所述固体继电器43输出端连接有湿度控制装置和温度控制装置，所述PLC控制器信号连接有温度控制装置的冷凝器风扇61和蒸发器风扇62，所述冷凝器风扇61和蒸发器风扇62并联于低电压。
参见图6，温度控制装置68，包括制冷压缩机63，制冷压缩机63与PLC控制器连接，所述制冷压缩机63通过管路依次连接蒸发器66、冷凝器67形成循环回路，所述蒸发器66一侧安装有蒸发器风扇62，所述冷凝器67一侧安装有冷凝器风扇61，所述冷凝器67一侧设置有由模拟量输出通道控制的加热器64控制温度。其中，R1至R6分别表示PLC的D00端口至D07端口的负载，R1-1至R8-1表示开关，D00端口至D07端口的输出信号分别控制R1-1至R8-1线路上的载荷工作。调功模块65是具有一定程电能控制能力的装置，能够在设定的程序下执行相关的变化工作。
工作原理，当温度高于设定值时，DO0端口输出信号，制冷压缩机开始工作，DO6端口和DO7端口输出信号，冷凝器风扇和蒸发器风扇也同时开始工作，制冷压缩机、冷凝器风扇和蒸发器风扇启动之后将一直运转，而温度控制则是由模拟量输出通道控制加热器来实现的；当温度低于设定值时，只有蒸发器风扇运转。制冷压缩机运转两种方式：自动启动和手动启动，无论哪种方式，都可以手动停止。
参见图5，湿度控制装置，包括通过气体管路与机箱58下方的气体出口连通的气泵52，通过气体管路依次与气泵52的输出端连接的加湿电磁阀51和空气加湿器57，通过气体管路依次与气泵52的输出端连接的空气加热器53、空气干燥器54、除湿电磁阀55和放空电磁阀56；空气加湿器57和除湿电磁阀55的输出端分别经气体管路7汇合后连接至机箱1的气体输入口；气泵52、加湿电磁阀51、除湿电磁阀55、放空电磁阀56、空气加热器53分别与PLC控制器连接。
湿度控制方式∶两位式的控制方式，当设定了设定值和死区后,它就会工作在加湿或者除湿的工作区间。
压缩机制冷温度湿度控制系统显示及功能采用如下方式设定。
开机：开机后屏幕窗口显示，直至点击屏幕。通过点击所需要的选择项而进入所需要的功能窗口中。
⑴参数标定：点击参数标定选择项后就会进入参数标定的窗口。标定是用一台过程信号校准仪分别对流量温度、湿度两个参数进行标定。
标定的步骤采用如下方式实现。
温度标定：①点击温度窗口。
②点击温度项的下限工程﹙值﹚窗口根据温湿度变送器的规格写入标定的下限值，这一值可以根据工作范围来确定比如现选择10摄氏度。
③将过程信号校准仪的输出接到数据采集温度通道上并调到10摄氏度所对应的信号1VDC，这时下限窗口显示的是1V模拟量A/D转换后的二进制数；显示值窗口显示的则是相对应的工程值。④点击温度项的上限工程﹙值﹚窗口根据温度变送器的规格写入标定的上限值，这一值可以根据工作范围来确定比如现选择50摄氏度。
⑤将过程信号校准仪的输出调到50摄氏度所对应的信号5VDC并接到温度的A/D输入通道。这时下限窗口显示的是1V模拟量A/D转换后的二进制数；显示值窗口显示的则是相对应的工程值。
⑥点击上限的检测键，这时在数据窗口会显示出对应20mA信号采集到的二进制数，在显示值窗口会显示对应的工程单位(L/m)数值。
湿度标定：点击湿度窗口，重复温度标定的②至⑥步即可。
⑵参数的设置：点击参数设置键后就会进入参数设置窗口。然后点击你所需要设置的参数项。
①温度设定：点击温度项，就会进入温度设置窗口，点击温度设置窗口填写所要设定的数值。设置完成之后，点击返回键。
②湿度设定：点击湿度项，就会进入湿度设置窗口，点击湿度设置窗口填写所要设定的数值；点击死区设置窗口，填写所要设定的数值。设置完成之后，点击返回键。
③再生时间的设定：点击再生时间项，就会进入再生时间设置窗口，点击加热时间设置窗口，填写所要设定的数值；点击冷却时间设置窗口，填写所要设定的数值。设置完成之后，点击返回键。
④PID的设定：点击PID设置项，进入PID设置窗口，可以分别在每一个窗口填写数值，也可以点击自整定键，系统可以自动计算出PID数值并填写。设置完成之后，点击返回键。
⑶开始试验：点击开始试验键进入试验主画面。
①点击启动键后，如果这时干燥系统处于工作状态，要将其置零。控制系统所有的输出端口方开始工作，制冷压缩机自动或手动启动。相应的输出端口也开始工作。所有的按键都是开/停的双功能按钮，并且开/停状态的颜色要区分。
②当启动键处于停止的状态，点击干燥键后，进入下一画面。
③点击干燥键后就会按事先设定的时间对干燥剂进行干燥和冷却。
与现有技术相比较，本实用新型具有如下的有益效果：制冷效率高，制热能效比(COP)最高可以达到3.8，节约能源；压缩机制冷温度控制是由模拟量输出通道控制加热器来实现的，考虑到传感器的精度、执行元件的匹配能力及PID参数的整定等因素的影响，控制精度至少达到0.5摄氏度，经过匹配能力及参数优化后可达0.1摄氏度,较二位式控制方式的1摄氏度有所提高；采用压缩机制冷方式，有较高的制冷量，在极端天气下(室内温度过高)可满足使用条件；降温快，对于使用到柴油润滑性测试装置上的恒温恒湿系统，可大大提高工作效率。
在该系统中，由于主机箱体相对密封，压缩机制冷温度湿度控制装置能够对主机箱体内的温度和湿度进行测量和控制，从而保证用于测试燃油润滑性的装置在稳定的温度湿度环境下进行试验。
本申请的另一个实施例提供了一种试验机。参见图7，该试验机70包括依次相连的上位机71、下位机72与如上所述的用于测试燃油润滑性的系统73。
上位机71可以为一台通用PC机或工业控制用计算机，它是用户监控软件的运行平台，主要用于与用户进行界面交互，并根据用户的操作设定下位机的运行状态，在线试验时，对下位机进行指令控制与数据监视，并不断存储下位机发送上来的数据；离线时，对所存储的试验数据进行分析与处理，并计算试 验结果。
下位机72可以是一台由微控制器以及周边接口电路组成的自动控制系统，主要负责对试验机的机械部分进行控制，同时采集多路试验数据并不断送入上位机处理。下位机72的主要功能包括：为试验机上安装的各个传感器供电；采集传感器的模拟量输出与光栅读数头的正交编码信号；提供用于驱动激振器的正弦电压信号输入；提供用于控制风扇与加热器运行的开关与PWM信号；与上位机相互通信，传输采集到的数据；按下下位机前面板上的开关，可以启动下位机，此时下位机前面板上的红色电源指示灯亮，表示电源接通。在上位机未开始与下位机通讯前，下位机前面板上的橙黄色复位灯会不停地闪烁，提示用户下位机准备就绪。
图8为下位机后面板接口结构示意图。上位71、下位机72与如上所述的用于测试燃油润滑性的系统73之间的连接关系如下。控制信号传输电缆一端连至下位机后面板的J1端子上，另一端连到试验机机械部份后侧的接口板上。控制信号传输电缆为一根两端为两个12针航空插头的12芯电缆线。
数据采集电缆。数据采集电缆一端连至下位机后面板的J2端子上，另一端连到用于测试燃油润滑性的系统机械部份后侧的接口板上。数据采集电缆为一根两端为两个19针航空插头的16芯电缆线。
电荷放大器信号线的一端为一个同轴电缆插接头。电荷放大器信号线的大端子与下位机后面板的J3端子相连，小端子连到用于测试燃油润滑性的系统73的摩擦力传感器上。
光栅信号电缆的输出端为一个15针D形插头。该插头与下位机后面板的J4端子相连。该电缆的另一端直接与光栅读数头相连。
上下位机通讯电缆的两端均为九针D形接头。该电缆的一端与下位机后面板的J5端子相连，另一端与上位机的任意一个可用的RS232端口相连。
上位机和下位机的电源线、上位机显示器的电源线分别与电源插座相连，鼠标、键盘、显示器的信号电缆分别与上位机连接。
在整个试验过程中，下位机中的数字信号处理器以一定的时钟周期对信号调理模块送入的电压信号进行AD采样；同时，不断检测光栅读数头输入的主轴杆的位置信号；随后，通过分别调用各个控制环节的算法程序，完成对系统的各个执行器的自动控制。在每次采样结束后，下位机会将采集到的信号数据通过串行口不断送入上位机处理。
试验时，通过用于测试燃油润滑性的系统73中所安装的各种传感器，下位机能够不断地采集有效数据，如:温度、湿度、摩擦力、油膜厚度、激振器 行程等，并根据特定条件对用于测试燃油润滑性的系统上的执行器进行自动调整与控制。
在下位机72中，物理量的测量主要通过数字信号处理器的模数转换电路完成。使用TMS320F2812处理器，可同时对16路模拟信号进行采样，采样精度为12位。为解决激振器的行程控制问题，直接使用5μm精度的反射式光栅，通过光栅读数头读取激振器轴杆的位置信号。温度控制环节中，环境温度采用简单的阈值控制，油品加热温度采用基本模糊控制器。通讯采用RS232串行口与上位机连接。在每个定时周期中，下位机软件均会向上位机发送采集到的传感器数据。可保证在每个激振器正弦运动周期中，例如，以标准中采用的50Hz条件为例，至少采入90个点的摩擦力数据以及至少3个点的其他数据，以便完整还原试验时的数据内容。
上位机71的系统功能包括在试验机正式开始工作以前，供用户进行试验参数的标定与调整，以及控制参数的设定与校正的功能，仅在正式试验前使用。使用时需要有一定的防护措施，并结合特定的仪器，例如，标定用的标定信号源来完成。上位机71的试验功能包括提供用户所有的与试验操作选项。在进行试验时，用户仅需要操作油温加热器与激振器的启停控制等两项内容，即可完成试验，上位机71将用户制定的控制参数或指令发送至下位机，同时不断接收、显示、保存下位机送入的各种物理量。用户可以通过观察参数显示区与图线显示区的面板来监视试验过程。完成试验后，用户可将试验数据导入上位机程序处理。在用户预先测量上试件磨斑尺寸后，可进行试验结果的计算与保存，以及生成包含试验结果、试验环境参数、试验数据图线的试验报表。
以一次新的测量过程为例，
用户在上位机中打开“油品试验控制台”程序后，单击新建试验按钮，出现“新建试验”对话框。用户可以手动设置试验文件的保存路径，填写试验名称、试验机号、试验编号等内容。
然后点击进入试验控制面板。如图9所示。试验控制面板是用户进行试验控制与监视的界面。试验控制面板打开后，程序将自动尝试与下位机建立通讯；在观察到试验控制面板上的数据开始自动更新后，用户应先观察当前试验箱内的温湿度条件能否进行试验。如不能满足试验条件，应调整箱内温湿度，使之进入试验的许用范围内，再行试验。在箱体内温度过低的情形下，用户可以按下“试验箱温度控制”右侧的启动按钮，试验机会自动加热箱内空气，并使之稳定在用户设定值附近。在试验条件得到满足后，即可按下“试验油温度控制”右侧的启动按钮，试验机将开始对试验油样品进行加热；在面板的“油温”参 数显示框与图形显示选项卡中，用户可以分别观测油品加热时的温度变化数据与动态曲线。在油温首次达到试验目标值，例如，默认为60摄氏度后，用户可按下开始按钮，程序将启动激振器，并自动将行程稳定地控制在设定值。
试验过程中，用户可以观测试验控制面板中的所有参数，并以图线的形式同时观察摩擦系数、油膜厚度与油温等三个数据的变化。此外，上位机还可以显示试验箱内温度的当前值或其它参数，用户可以观察“试验环境的容许范围”图框中，当前试验箱内的温湿度状况，以确定试验是否在许用的温湿度范围内进行。
此后的试验过程中，如果不出现任何意外或故障情形，油品试验系统将自行完成设定时间内的试验过程，并在试验时间终止后，自动关闭激振器与试验油加热器。
试验完成后，用户可以通过计算试验结果，并打印试验报告。用户导入试验项目文件，选择油样类型，将用显微镜测得的试验球磨斑的长轴与短轴长度分别填入对应的文本框中，上位机能够自动计算并得到用户需要的各种报表和图表，试验报表面板的计算结果如图10所示。
至此，本领域技术人员应认识到，虽然本文已详尽示出和描述了本申请的多个示例性实施例，但是，在不脱离本申请精神和范围的情况下，仍可根据本申请公开的内容直接确定或推导出符合本申请原理的许多其他变型或修改。因此，本申请的范围应被理解和认定为覆盖了所有这些其他变型或修改。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种用于测试燃油润滑性的装置，包括：
    激振器；
    主轴连接器，所述主轴连接器设置在所述激振器的一端，用于在所述激振器的作用下往复运动；
    轴杆组件，所述轴杆组件的一端与所述主轴连接器连接；
    试验装置，所述试验装置包括测试部、试验片和油盒，所述试验片设置在所述油盒内的底部，所述测试部的一端容纳在所述油盒内并且压在所述试验片上所述测试部的另一端与所述轴杆组件的另一端连接，所述油盒用于容纳燃油样品；和
    加热和测量装置，所述加热和测量装置用于支撑所述油盒，并且用于对所述油盒加热并检测所述测试部和所述试验片之间的摩擦力。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的用于测试燃油润滑性的装置，其特征在于，所述轴杆组件包括：
    副轴杆，所述副轴杆的一端与所述试验装置连接；
    主轴杆，所述主轴杆的一端与所述主轴连接器连接，另一端插入到所述副轴杆的另一端中；和
    固定螺母，用于固定所述主轴杆和所述副轴杆，并且用于调节所述主轴杆从所述副轴杆中伸出的长度。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的用于测试燃油润滑性的装置，其特征在于，所述轴杆组件还包括：
    位移传感器，用于测量所述主轴杆在所述主轴连接器的带动下作往复运动时的位移。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的用于测试燃油润滑性的装置，其特征在于，所述测试部包括夹具和试验球，所述夹具的一端与所述副轴杆连接，所述试验球设置在所述夹具的底部。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的用于测试燃油润滑性的装置，其特征在于，所述夹具的两端设置有衡量加载杆，所述衡量加载杆的延伸方向与所述副轴杆垂 直，所述衡量加载杆的两端分别具有环形凹槽，用于容纳加载砝码的挂绳。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的用于测试燃油润滑性的装置，其特征在于，所述加热和测量装置包括加热台，所述加热台的上端面设置有凹槽，所述油盒卡在所述加热台的所述凹槽内并与所述加热台固定连接。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的用于测试燃油润滑性的装置，其特征在于，所述加热和测量装置包括测量部，所述测量部设置在所述加热台下方，与所述加热台连接，所述测量部包括：测振上板、测振下板、测振片和压电晶体传感器，所述测振上板与所述测振下板之间通过垂直固定的所述测振片连接，所述测振上板与所述压电晶体传感器连接。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的用于测试燃油润滑性的装置，其特征在于，所述压电晶体传感器用于检测所述测试部和所述试验片之间的摩擦量的幅度，通过模数转换将所述摩擦量的幅度转换为表示摩擦力的数字信号。
  9. 根据权利要求4所述的用于测试燃油润滑性的装置，其特征在于，所述试验装置还包括盖体，所述盖体用于盖在所述油盒上方，所述盖体的中心设置有通孔，用于使所述夹具通过所述通孔插入至所述油盒中。
  10. 根据权利要求1至9的任一项所述的用于测试燃油润滑性的装置，其特征在于，该装置还包括：防震基座上板、防震垫和防震基座下板，所述防震垫位于所述防震基座上板和所述防震基座下板之间，所述防震基座上板上设置有激振器支座，用于支撑所述激振器。
  11. 根据权利要求4所述的用于测试燃油润滑性的装置，其特征在于，位移传感器为增量式光栅位移传感器、增量式磁栅位移传感器、绝对式光栅位移传感器或绝对式磁栅位移传感器。
  12. 一种用于测试燃油润滑性的系统，该系统包括权利要求1至11的任一项所述的用于测试燃油润滑性的装置、压缩机制冷温度湿度控制装置和主机箱体，所述测试燃油润滑性的装置容纳在所述主机箱体内，所述压缩机制冷温度湿度控制装置用于对所述主机箱体内的温度和湿度进行控制。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的系统，其特征在于，所述压缩机制冷温度湿度控制装置包括可编程逻辑控制器、温湿度变送器、液位报警器、固体继电器、湿度控制装置和温度控制装置，其中，所述可编程逻辑控制器分别与所述温湿度变送器、所述液位报警器和所述固体继电器连接，所述固体继电器的输出端与分别所述湿度控制装置和所述温度控制装置连接。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的系统，其特征在于，所述温度控制装置包括制冷压缩机，所述制冷压缩机与所述可编程逻辑控制器连接，所述制冷压缩机通过管路依次连接蒸发器、冷凝器以形成循环回路，所述蒸发器设有蒸发器风扇，所述冷凝器设有冷凝器风扇，所述冷凝器一侧设置有由模拟量输出通道控制的加热器控制温度。
  15. 根据权利要求13所述的系统，其特征在于，所述湿度控制装置包括：通过气体管路与机箱下方的气体出口连通的气泵，通过气体管路依次与所述气泵的输出端连接的加湿电磁阀和空气加湿器，通过气体管路依次与气泵的输出端连接的空气加热器、空气干燥器、除湿电磁阀和放空电磁阀；其中，所述空气加湿器和所述除湿电磁阀的输出端，分别经气体管路汇合后连接至机箱的气体输入口；所述气泵、所述加湿电磁阀、所述除湿电磁阀、所述放空电磁阀、所述空气加热器分别与所述可编程逻辑控制器连接。
  16. 一种试验机，包括依次相连的上位机、下位机与如权利要求12所述的用于测试燃油润滑性的系统。
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