WO2019235964A1

WO2019235964A1 - Solar and wind stand-alone electric power plant

Info

Publication number: WO2019235964A1
Application number: PCT/RU2018/000801
Authority: WO
Inventors: Сергей Аркадьевич БЫКОВ; Наталья Яковлевна БЫКОВА; Андрей Орестович ПОГОРЕЛЕЦ
Original assignee: Bykov Sergey Arkadyevich; Bykova Natalia Yakovlevna; Pogorelets Andrey Orestovich
Priority date: 2018-06-08
Filing date: 2018-12-10
Publication date: 2019-12-12

Abstract

The invention relates to renewable energy sources. A stand-alone solar and wind electric power plant is equipped with a vertical axis rotor on magnetic suspensions, a multiplier, an asynchronous electric generator based on permanent magnets, a group of photoelectric converters, a hybrid solar/wind battery charge controller, a battery bank and a wind flow concentrator. The invention is intended to reduce losses in generating electric power.

Description

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Autonomous photovoltaic power plant with a vertical-axis rotor with magnetic suspensions and a wind flow coordinator, consisting of a wind rotor installed inside the wind flow coordinator, a multiplier, a permanent magnet asynchronous generator, a group of photovoltaic converters, a hybrid solar-wind battery charge controller, a battery bank, inverter.

The invention relates to renewable energy sources, namely to solar and wind energy and can be used to provide autonomous power to individual objects.

The present invention allows the maximum efficiency to use the wind from any direction without additional devices in combination with the efficient use of solar energy.

The objective of the invention is:

- Creation of a highly efficient design of a photovoltaic autonomous power station.

When using the invention, a combination of the following useful technical results is achieved:

1. Increases the torque developed by the wind turbine at low rotor speeds;

2. The coefficient of energy use of the wind flow increases;

3. The coefficient of utilization of energy from sunlight increases;

4. Reduced losses in the generation of electricity;

5. Reduced costs for the manufacture of photovoltaic autonomous power plants;

6. Increases the structural strength of the photo-autonomous power plant.

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SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) The invention consists in the following:

Using wind flow

The wind flow (Drawing 2/3, Fig. 2, designation 1) passing through the vertical plates of the coordinator of the wind flow (Drawing 2/3, Fig. 2, designation 3) is concentrated inside the vertical-axial rotor, in the working area, according to the law Bernoulli, thereby increasing the efficiency of the rotor. The rotor transmits torque to the asynchronous generator using a multiplier, the gear ratio of which is selected depending on the speed of the applied permanent magnet generator, which converts the rotor rotation energy into electric current.

The effectiveness of the proposed design significantly exceeds the efficiency of existing analogues of wind power plants of a vertical-axis design.

For example, the calculation of the power of a wind farm of any of the traditional types is carried out according to the formula:

P = 0.593 x S x V ³ ,

where P is the power of the wind generator;

0,593 - coefficient N.E. Zhukovsky;

S is the area of the swept surface;

V is the speed of the wind passing through the area of the swept surface.

In this case, the ideal option is considered, in which we neglect the air density of 1, 23 kg / m ³ ; and neglect the efficiency of the generator and the multiplier, taking them for ideal.

For example, a vertical-axis power plant of any of the traditional types with a rotor diameter of 4 meters and a rotor height

3 meters has a sweeping surface of 12 m ² (4 m x 3 m = 12 m ² ). In this case, with a wind speed of 5 m / s. the power generated by the generator when using such a wind flow, ideally will be equal to:

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SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) 0.593 x 12 m ² x (5 m / s) ³ = 0.59 x 12 x 125 = 889.5 watts

The present invention allows to significantly increase the power generated by the generator, due to the fact that the inner part of the coordinator of the wind flow is divided into a working area and a non-working area. The wind flow (Drawing 2/3, Fig. 2, designation 1) using the vertical plates of the coordinator of the wind flow (Drawing 2/3, Fig. 2, designation 3) is coordinated so that the largest part of the wind flow in the form of a dense air stream is directed directly on the rotor blades (Drawing 2/3, Figure 2, designation 4), and a smaller part of the wind flow is diverted to the side. The consequence of this is an increase in the coefficient of increase in the speed of the wind flow inside the coordinator of the wind flow, directly on the blades of the vertical-axis rotor (Drawing 2/3, Fig. 2, designation 4), at least 1.7 times and at most 2.3 times, depending on the wind speed at the place of functioning of the photovoltaic autonomous power station: the higher the wind speed, the higher the coefficient of increase in wind speed inside the coordinator of the wind flow.

The increase in power generation occurs due to compaction and acceleration of the wind flow on the rotor blades (Drawing 2/3, Fig. 2, designation 4), despite the fact that through the use of vertical plates of the coordinator of the wind flow (Drawing 2/3, Fig. 2 , designation 3) the area of the swept surface of the photo-wind power station is reduced exactly by half.

The vertical plates of the coordinator of the wind flow (Drawing 2/3, Fig. 2, designation 3) coordinate the wind flow (Drawing 2/3, Fig. 2, designation 1) so that the wind flow is directed only to the working area, on those rotor blades (Drawing 2/3, Fig. 2, designation 4), which directly perceive the kinetic energy of the wind flow and did not go into the idle zone, that is, did not affect those rotor blades that move towards the direction of the wind flow.

For example, under the same conditions as mentioned above (diameter

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SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) the rotor, including the plates of the coordinator of the wind flow, is 4 meters; rotor height 3 meters), the power generated by the generator when using such a wind flow, in an ideal calculation will be equal to:

0.593 x (12 m ² : 2) x (5 x 1.8) ³ - 0.593 x 6 x 729 = 2 593.78 watts

A graphic image of the increase in the coefficient of increase in wind speed inside the coordinator of the wind flow is shown in Figure 1/3, Figure 1.

It follows that the performance of the present invention is significantly higher than the performance of traditional wind power generators.

The task is solved in that the proposed wind flow coordinator is mounted on a frame, which is a structure of two rigid rings located vertically one above the other and fastened together by vertical posts of at least three in number. The upper ends of the struts are interconnected by rigid beams so that the rigid beams pass along the radii of the upper ring of the coordinator of the wind flow and are fastened by a mounting pad in the center of the upper ring of the coordinator of the wind flow.

The lower ends of the struts are connected together by rigid beams so that the rigid beams extend along the radii of the lower ring of the coordinator of the wind flow and are fastened by a mounting pad in the center of the lower ring of the coordinator of the wind flow.

Vertical plates of the coordinator of the wind flow (Drawing 2/3, Figure 2, designation 3) are installed by external ribs with equal pitch around the common axis of symmetry at an angle of 32-60 degrees to the radii of the upper and lower rings of the coordinator of the wind flow and form a cylindrical inner ribs work area with the ratio of the outer diameter of the coordinator of the wind flow to the inner diameter of the coordinator of the wind flow as: from 1, 5: 1 to 2.5: 1. The result of the proposed design

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SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) is the configuration of the wind flow in the working area of the coordinator of the wind flow such that the inner zone of the coordinator of the wind is clearly divided into the working area and non-working areas (Drawing 2/3, Fig. 2).

In the working area there is an acceleration of the wind flow directed to the rotor blades located inside the air flow coordinator.

The non-working zone is designed to divert part of the wind flow to the side and prevent its impact on those rotor blades that move in a circle, returning after being exposed to the wind flow in the working area of the wind flow coordinator.

By changing the installation angle of the vertical plates of the coordinator of the wind flow (Drawing 2/3, Figure 2, designation 3), you can adjust the configuration of the wind flow in the working area of the coordinator of the wind flow for finer and more efficient adjustment for a specific rotor installed inside the work area.

Inside the coordinator of the wind flow there is a rotor, consisting of a vertically located rotor shaft with three or more consoles (Drawing 2/3, Fig. 2, designation 2), mounted perpendicular to the axis of the rotor shaft. On the consoles parallel to the axis of the rotor shaft, there are three or more sail-type rotor blades (Drawing 2/3, Fig. 2, designation 4), each of which is a part of a vertical cylinder bounded by an angle less than 180 °, with an apex in the center of the vertical axis of the cylinder . The blades are placed on the consoles with a constant angle of attack common to all the blades, comprising from 32 to 60 degrees between the chord of the segment of the cylinder of the blade and the console on which it is installed, at the point of intersection; characterized in that it is installed inside the coordinator of the wind flow, the inner part of which is divided into a working area and a non-working area.

This combination of vertical plates of the coordinator of the wind

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SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) flow (Drawing 2/3, Fig. 2, designation 3) and the rotor shaft with consoles (Drawing 2/3, Fig. 2, designation 2), on which the sail-type blades are mounted (Drawing 2/3, Figure 2, designation ^, There is an advantage that the blades are of a sailing type (Drawing 2/3, Figure 2, designation 4), each of which is a part of the cylinder bounded by an angle less than 180 °, with a vertex in the center of the vertical axis of the cylinder, placed on consoles with a common for all blades with a constant angle of attack, ranging from 32 to 60 degrees between the chord of the segment of the cylinder of the blade and the console, under the influence The maximum amount of kinetic energy is taken away from the wind flow by the wind flow in the working zone, and when passing through the non-working zone, they not only do not encounter the drag of the wind flow, but also receive an additional impulse due to the lifting force arising in the back of the blade, which moves through the non-working zone.

The vertical shaft of the rotor with consoles (Drawing 2/3, Fig. 2, designation 2), on which the sail-type blades are mounted (Drawing 2/3, Fig. 2, designation 4) is located inside the coordinator of the wind flow so that the upper and lower ends the rotor shaft with consoles, on which the sail-type blades are mounted, are supported by 2 (two) magnetic suspensions: one magnetic suspension at the upper end of the rotor shaft and at the lower end of the rotor shaft. Each of the magnetic suspensions is 2 (two) mutually repulsive permanent magnets made in the form of disks with a hole in the center of each disk. The holes in the center of each disk serve to attach the permanent magnet disks to the axis of the rotor shaft.

The upper magnetic suspension is attached to the axis of the rotor shaft at the point of convergence of the rigid beams of the radii of the upper ring of the coordinator of the wind flow. The lower magnetic suspension is attached to the axis of the rotor shaft at the point of convergence of the rigid beams of the radii of the lower ring of the coordinator of the wind flow.

Magnetic suspensions provide the rejection of the use of traditional bearings, which leads to an increase in life

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SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) the service of the rotating parts of the rotor of a photo-wind autonomous power station; provide multiple noise reduction during operation of the rotating parts of the rotor of the photo-wind autonomous power station; provide reduction of torque losses during transmission of torque from the rotor shaft to the generator shaft; provide a significant reduction in the cost of servicing the rotating parts of the rotor (lubrication).

The repulsive force of the permanent magnets of the magnetic suspensions is selected in accordance with the weight of the rotor of the photowind autonomous power plant in such a way as to ensure constant rotation of the rotor of the photowind autonomous power plant and to exclude the influence of friction forces on the rotor performance of the photowind autonomous power plant.

The kinetic energy of the wind flow is converted into electrical energy through an asynchronous permanent magnet generator.

The shaft of an asynchronous permanent magnet generator is connected to the rotor shaft of a photowind autonomous power station through a multiplier that transmits torque from the rotor shaft to the shaft of the asynchronous permanent magnet generator. The characteristics of the multiplier are selected in accordance with the characteristics of the asynchronous generator, in accordance with the characteristics of the rotor, in accordance with the indicators of the wind situation at the place of functioning of the photo-wind autonomous power station.

Use of sunlight

Photovoltaic converters utilize direct and reflected sunlight regardless of the availability of wind suitable for recycling. To increase the efficiency of photovoltaic converters and reduce the final cost of power plants, photovoltaic converters are placed on one side of each of the flat rails

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SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) surfaces of the vertical plates of the coordinator of the wind flow, and the reverse sides of the guide surfaces of the vertical plates of the coordinator of the wind flow are made of reflective materials. Direct sunlight is converted when it directly hits photoelectric converters. Reflected sunlight is converted after reflection from the backs of the guide surfaces of the vertical plates of the wind flow coordinator made of reflective materials.

A schematic representation of the placement of photovoltaic converters on the flat guide surfaces of the vertical plates of the wind flow coordinator is shown in Drawing 3/3, FIG. 3.

Using a battery controller

A wind generator and a set of photovoltaic converters are sources of electricity generation and operate independently of each other, transferring the generated energy to the battery bank through a hybrid (solar-wind) battery charge controller. The parameters of the characteristics of the hybrid (solar-wind) battery charge controller are selected in accordance with, firstly, the combined power of wind and solar generation, and secondly, with the capacity of the battery bank.

The functions of the hybrid (solar-wind) battery charge controller are to:

- convert a three-phase electric current coming from an electric generator connected through a multiplier to a wind rotor into direct current with a predetermined voltage suitable for charging a battery bank;

- convert the direct current coming from a set of photovoltaic converters into direct current with a given voltage, suitable for charging a battery bank;

- synchronize the parameters of a constant electric current converted from a three-phase electric current supplied

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SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) from an electric generator connected by a multiplier to a wind rotor, and the parameters of the direct current coming from a set of photoelectric converters;

- control the charge level of the batteries, preventing their critical overcharging and preventing their critical overdischarge;

- in the event that a photovoltaic power plant generates excess electricity, dispose of excess electricity.

Using inverter

The inverter is designed so that the consumer uses the energy stored in the battery bank in accordance with the parameters of those devices that consume this electricity. The inverter converts the direct current from the batteries into alternating single-phase or alternating three-phase current with a frequency used in consumer devices: 50 Hz or 60 Hz.

Battery Usage

The parameters of the battery bank are selected in such a way as to provide the consumer with the necessary supply of electricity during the time desired by the consumer.

The parameters of the battery bank are selected in accordance with the technical parameters of the battery charge controller and in accordance with the technical parameters of the inverter.

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SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)

Claims

CLAIM

1. A photovoltaic autonomous power plant with a vertically axial rotor with magnetic suspensions and a wind flow coordinator, consisting of a wind rotor installed inside the wind flow coordinator, a multiplier, a permanent magnet asynchronous generator, a group of photovoltaic converters, a hybrid solar The wind battery charge controller, battery bank, inverter, differs in that it allows you to use the wind from any direction with maximum efficiency without additional tional Packs designed in conjunction with the effective utilization of sunlight energy

2. The power plant according to claim 1 is characterized in that the power plant is equipped with interchangeable vertical-axis rotors of different speed.

3. The power plant according to claim 1 is characterized in that the vertical-axial rotor of the electric generator rotates inside the coordinator of the wind flow, which is a rigid vertical plate mounted at an angle of 32-60 degrees to the radius of the vertical-axial rotor of the photo-wind power station.

4. The power plant according to claim 1 is characterized in that the vertical-axis rotor of the electric generator is supported by magnetic suspensions, which are mutually repelling permanent magnets made in the form of disks with a hole in the middle of each disk for attaching permanent magnets made in disk shape, to the axis of the vertical-axis rotor of the generator.

5. The power plant according to claim 1 is characterized in that the power plant is equipped with a multiplier that ensures optimal transmission of torque from the shaft of the vertical-axis rotor to the shaft of the generator and provides the optimal number of revolutions of the generator shaft depending on the rated power set for one or another model of a photowind autonomous power plant with a vertically axial rotor with magnetic suspensions and a coordinator of the wind flow, consisting of a rotor of a wind generator installed inside It includes a wind flow coordinator, a multiplier, an electric generator, a group of photovoltaic converters, a hybrid solar-wind battery charge controller, a battery bank, an inverter.

6. The power plant according to claim 1 is characterized in that the photoelectric converters are located on the flat guide surfaces of the vertical plates of the wind flow coordinator.

7. The power plant according to claim 1 is characterized in that the photoelectric converters are placed on one side of each of the flat guide surfaces of the vertical plates of the wind flow concentrator, and the reverse sides the guide surfaces of the vertical plates of the wind flow concentrator are made of reflective materials.

8. The power plant according to claim 1 is characterized in that the hybrid solar-wind battery charge controller is selected in accordance with the combined power of wind and solar generation, as well as with the capacity of the battery bank.

9. The power plant according to claim 1 is characterized in that the inverter provides stable characteristics of the electric power sent to the consumer from the battery bank.

10. The power plant according to claim 1 is characterized in that the batteries are selected in such a way as to provide the consumer with the necessary supply of electricity during the time desired by the consumer and in accordance with the technical parameters of the battery charge controller and with the technical parameters of the inverter.