WO2019233793A1 - Procédé de détermination de la teneur en humidité d'une matière absorbant l'humidité - Google Patents

Procédé de détermination de la teneur en humidité d'une matière absorbant l'humidité Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019233793A1
WO2019233793A1 PCT/EP2019/063558 EP2019063558W WO2019233793A1 WO 2019233793 A1 WO2019233793 A1 WO 2019233793A1 EP 2019063558 W EP2019063558 W EP 2019063558W WO 2019233793 A1 WO2019233793 A1 WO 2019233793A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
moisture
sensor
temperature
moisture sensor
heating element
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2019/063558
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Antoni Picard
David SCHÖNFISCH
Jörg BLINN
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Hochschule Kaiserslautern
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Publication of WO2019233793A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019233793A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H05B3/26—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
    • G01N25/56—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating moisture content
    • G01N25/58—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating moisture content by measuring changes of properties of the material due to heat, cold or expansion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B1/00—Details of electric heating devices
    • H05B1/02—Automatic switching arrangements specially adapted to apparatus ; Control of heating devices
    • H05B1/0227—Applications

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for determining the moisture content of a moisture-absorbing or moisture-containing material, in particular a textile, with a humidity sensor comprising a Fleizelement, which is coupled to a control unit, a power supply and an evaluation circuit ,
  • electrical methods in particular the electrical resistance measurement and the capacitance measurement, are used to determine the water content in a material, for example from US Pat. Nos. 5,402,075 A1, 6,647,782 B2, 6,222,376 B1 and US Pat 861 758 A1 known.
  • electrodes are arranged in or on the material to be examined, and the electrical measurement signal or electrical measured values are recorded for evaluation.
  • these methods are generally suitable for use in conjunction with relatively thin material layers, it is disadvantageous to influence the measured values by ionic contaminants or parasitic, often time-varying capacitances, as occur, for example, in close-to-body measurements.
  • thermal measuring methods the moisture content of the material is determined by the thermal properties, such as thermal conductivity or heat capacity, which change with the water content.
  • these measurement methods are less susceptible to interference and their main application is in the construction sector.
  • the thermal measuring methods offer the advantage of only low transverse sensitivities, in contrast to the usual electrical or gravimetric methods, which, for example, can be sensitive to fluctuating salt concentrations or contact with parasitic electrical capacitances (eg the human body)
  • EP 0 981 737 A1 discloses a sensor for determining the moisture content is known, which is preferably as a microsystem in silicon technology Herge is and be either permanently or by a short pulse be heated membrane with a first temperature sensor and a thermally insulated from the membrane second temperature sensor for determining the ambient temperature includes.
  • an absorbent material such as wood, paper, cardboard or a porous ceramic, ordered to.
  • the heat generated when heating the membrane is dissipated by the absorbent material to the environment.
  • the differential temperature between the two temperature sensors represents a reference value for the moisture content of the material.
  • WO 2006/081 693 A1 / EP 1 844 323 B1 discloses a method and a device for determining the water content of a medium, in particular of earth and the like, wherein a measuring sensor or sensor arranged in the medium is heated up. Between the probe and the surrounding medium, an intermediate layer is arranged, which is absorbent and mechanically deformable for mechanical coupling of the probe to the surrounding medium and for thermal decoupling of the probe from the surrounding medium, which is why a direct measurement in the environment is not possible.
  • the disclosed system can not determine an explicit reading at a defined small distance from the heating element. Only an evaluation based on temperature threshold values is described. This means that it integrates over the entire range of propagation depth. It is therefore not possible to measure in defined layers of the environment or to limit this by the pulse duration.
  • US Pat. No. 3,550,439 A1 describes a so-called clothing hygrometer with which the moisture content of textiles can be determined, wherein a structure similar to a capacitor and a hygroscopic material are used. Of the Moisture content is determined without heat pulse by means of an electrical capacitance measurement.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method and an apparatus of the type mentioned that or make a statement regarding a moisture content in a moisture-absorbing or moisture-containing material, the spatial measurement range is variable and the moisture content in a thin layer of material or in the immediate vicinity of the moisture sensor is measurable and wherein the spatial measurement range is not affected by a physical barrier, d. H. not influenced by the influence of an environmental material.
  • the temporal control and analysis of the temperature change of the Fleizettis taking advantage of the finite propagation velocity of the heat pulse in the material and the different temperature effects due to the different heat capacities and perennial mention of the heat effects due to the different heat capacities and perennial mention of the heat energy te ⁇ the distance to the Fleischelement in which the moisture content is measured, influenced, the control unit the Fleizelement for a predetermined period of time applied to a defined Fleizstrom and the temperature profile, ie the time-dependent temperature change, is measured to determine the moisture content.
  • the distance between the sensor and the measuring location can be precisely defined. For example, it is possible to determine the slope of the measurement signal (temperature profile) at a specific time, with which a specific spatial measurement window can be defined. For example, it can be determined how big the humidity is at a distance of 100 to 150 pm from the sensor. Thus, for example, the slope of the temperature profile is determined at a distance corresponding to the time interval.
  • the heating element a resistance heating element
  • the method makes it possible to determine the moisture content in a material, which may also have a relatively thin cross-section, for example a textile of a garment or a shoe or skin layers or the like, by means of a thermal method, wherein the finite propagation velocity of a heating pulse and the concomitant limitation of the measuring volume is used.
  • the temperature of the heating element as a function of the time and the moisture content describes a temperature curve, which is determined to determine the moisture content.
  • the heating pulse can also be controlled by the instantaneous value of the temperature or the speed of the temperature rise.
  • a regulation of the maximum temperature may be useful if very large variations in effusivity occur between completely dry and very wet.
  • the measured value for the ambient humidity can thus be the temperature change or the temporal temperature profile generated by the defined heating pulse. Since the heat propagates at finite propagation velocity into the environment, it is possible to define the spatial influence range, by the duration of the heating pulse or the time points of the temperature measurements. By accurately controlling the time course of the temperature measurement, the influenced measurement volume of the material to be examined or monitored is effectively limited. It is also possible, by judicious choice of the temporal measuring window, to measure areas which are indirectly adjacent to the sensor, ie it is possible to focus the measurement on certain discrete layers which are at a defined distance from the sensor. Thus, it is possible to measure the water content in thin layers, in particular of textile material used in the manufacture of clothing, without the wider environment, such as physical barriers, influencing the measurement result. In particular, the method is suitable for determining the moisture in thin layers whose environment is not defined in more detail. As an example, textile layers are mentioned, which are in more or less well-defined contact with the human body and / or other textile layers and / or the ambient air
  • the thermal energy dissipated by the environment from the heating element is highly dependent on the water content of its environment.
  • the heat flow itself may vary during the heat pulse, but the course should be the same for each measurement. It is possible to analyze the entire temperature curve during the heating pulse or at defined times. It is important that the propagation front of the heat remains within the desired measurement volume at the time of the measurement or that the contact with the environment outside the desired measurement volume can not yet have an effect on the measurement on the sensor.
  • the heating element of the moisture sensor is protected by a thin electrically non-conductive layer from the environment, which has the lowest possible heat capacity and high heat conduction.
  • the heating element itself can be used, in which its temperature-dependent electrical resistance is monitored and evaluated, o- there is a directly attached to the heating element temperature sensor provided, which is of course also coupled to the evaluation circuit and the control unit.
  • the control unit may comprise further electronic components, in particular also being coupled to input and / or output units or designed for wireless data transmission.
  • the power supply can be stationary via a power supply or in the form of a battery for eg mobile applications or body-near applications. By choosing the heat pulse length, the intensity or the frequency of a measurement, the energy consumption can be adapted to the respective situation.
  • the measurement volume directly detected by the moisture sensor can consist of the material to be examined for its moisture content.
  • a reference material in close moisture exchange with the material to be examined.
  • the medium to be examined for its moisture content can thus be used e.g. a textile itself and act directly on the moisture sensor, or indirectly via the moisture-sensor firmly attached and moisture-absorbing reference material, which is in a moisture exchange with the environment. If the water absorption in the reference material is virtually hysteresis-free and fast enough in comparison to the change in the water content of the environment, then the moisture content in the reference material can be taken as the Aquipotential value, which is often referred to in soil physics as "suction stress", for the ambient humidity.
  • the moisture sensor suitable for heating and for temperature measurement can be realized in different ways and correspondingly integrated into the measuring environment.
  • a structure of the humidity sensor on a conventional circuit carrier, e.g. B. a circuit board to build.
  • a stretchable film are applied, so that the moisture sensor can closely conform to the monitored or to be examined material or incorporated into the material, for. B. in a textile.
  • the moisture sensor preferably comprises a gold thin-film heating element which is applied to a thin film-like polyimide substrate or a thin flexible polyurethane film.
  • the heat pulse propagates from the heat conductor through the thin electrically non-conductive layer and then reacts to the humidity of the immediate sensor environment.
  • the structure may also be formed as a thread, fiber, wire or as a conductive yarn and may be made into e.g. textile fabric, i. directly in clothing or footwear.
  • textiles with a largely integrated sensor structure can be constructed which do not disturb the normal moisture transport of the textile or the garment, whereby substantial advantages in the construction of intelligent clothing can be achieved.
  • the thermal moisture measurement method is robust against many disturbing influences such as eg ionic impurities, parasitic capacitances or electrical interference fields, which is why it can also be used in a harsh environment, in particular close to reality and under special stress by a wearer of the clothing as well as environmental influences .
  • the thermal moisture measurement method is a nondestructive method so that the moisture sensor can be directly applied to the material without having to separate a sample from the material. Due to the short heat pulse or heat pulse, it is possible to limit the measuring range to a small range. It is therefore possible to measure thin layers without having to accept a larger influence on the wider environment.
  • the thermal moisture measurement method is very sensitive even in areas with very high moisture content. If the moisture sensor is incorporated into a textile in the form of a fiber-like structure, various measurement tasks in the field of sports, health and ambient assisted living (AAL) can be solved relatively easily, without affecting the normal moisture transport. It is also possible to build sensors based on perforated foils, so that the normal moisture transport is not hindered.
  • AAL ambient assisted living
  • the moisture sensor can be used in systems worn close to the body, for example in portable electronic devices (wearables) or directly in textiles or clothing, in particular functional or protective clothing, in order to quantify the humidity climate or else to actively control ventilation systems , Due to the very short heating pulses, energy-saving small systems are possible.
  • the ventilation systems themselves may be active or passive in nature, e.g. Flaps or fans.
  • the sensor concept can also be used to determine the skin moisture. Especially in the stratum corneum, ie the horny layer of the skin, good results were obtained. In deeper skin layers, ie beyond the stratum corneum, a difference in the course of the curve can be recognized if the body is strongly normal hydrogenated, hyperhydrated and / or dehydrated. This can be used for cosmetic and / or medical applications.
  • a meter which signals, for example, a user that he has not drunk enough.
  • the signaling can be done for example by an app on an external computer, such as a smart phone, and / or directly on the meter.
  • Essential is the possibility of controlling the distance from the heating element in which the measurement of the moisture content takes place. This takes place via the temporal control of the heating pulse and taking advantage of the finite propagation velocity of the heat pulse in the material and the different temperature effects due to the different heat capacities and heat conductivities depending on the moisture content.
  • the propagation of heat in the material depends on its thermal diffusivity and, in the most favorable case, varies only very slightly with the moisture content.
  • the sensor can be structured differently. Practical embodiments are e.g. thin printed conductors made of gold on a very thin polyimide film or a thin flexible polyurethane film or as a semiconductor device or thin conductive filaments. Instead of foils, perforated or reticulated structures can also be used. It is essential that the heat capacity be reduced by a miniaturized design, e.g. in thin film technology or microtechnology, can be kept very small, which improves the sensor sensitivity. Due to the microtechnical design, very thin (nanometers to millimeters) and large-area sensors can be produced. The heating element is not or disproportionately increased in relation to the contact surface of the sensor. As a result, very thin layers of e.g. about 10 - 200 microns are measured.
  • the sensor may comprise 200 nm thick gold between two 4 ⁇ m polyimide films.
  • the area can be arbitrarily large, being generally used in about 1 cm 2 .
  • the large surface area allows good, flat contact between the sensor and the textile.
  • the textile can also be used with the probe eg by gluing, thermally bonding or sewing or embroidering, which further improves the contact.
  • FIG. 3 diagrams illustrating the relationships between the
  • Fig. 4 is a diagram showing the penetration depth of the heat in the
  • FIG. 5 shows a diagram of a moisture measurement, shown with the different time ranges, which are influenced by the sensor environment,
  • Fig. 7 is a diagram of a measurement of moisture on the skin of a forearm with moistened (H) and normal dry (N) outer skin layer.
  • the moisture sensor 1 comprises a structure 2, on which a heating element 3 is arranged, which via electrical connections 4 with an electronic control unit 5, which includes an evaluation circuit 6 and of course in addition to Speicherememen- also a CPU, and an energy source. 7 is coupled, for example in the form of a battery or a rechargeable battery, to apply a defined heating current to the heating element 3 for a given period of time and thus to generate a heat pulse or heat pulse and the temperature increase for determining the moisture content of the material, the Moisture sensor 1 is assigned to measure.
  • the heating element 3 is designed as a thin-film heating element, which comprises gold evaporated on the thin polyimide structure 2 and is encapsulated with a further polyimide layer. Other materials and manufacturing processes are possible.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates how the erratic course of a heat flow Q over time t according to the course of the line 1 1 affects a core temperature T over time t, wherein the curve 12 on dry material 8 and the curve 13 on humid / wet material 8 is determined. Due to the high heat input coefficient of water, heat is better dissipated by the moisture sensor 1 due to the material 8 having a higher water content. Other courses of the heat flow, such as a very short pulse, are also possible. An illustration of the penetration depth x of the heat or of the heat flow of the heating pulse into the material 8 as a function of the time t, is shown in FIG. 4, whereby the penetration depth also increases with increasing time.
  • the penetration depth is a root function of the time and the thermal diffusivity of the environment and can be described by methods of statistical physics. Even after switching off the heating current, the heat continues to spread. Therefore, it is also possible, for example, to use only a short heat pulse and to look at the cooling behavior of the moisture sensor 1 after this.
  • Fig. 5 illustrates how the temperature T of the humidity sensor 1 behaves at a sudden heat flow Q.
  • the temperature progresses through the polyimide structure 2 of the moisture sensor 1, then through the immediate sensor environment, namely the material 8 and its moisture content, and, during a longer measurement, through the environment 9 adjoining the material 8 affected.
  • the influence of the environment 9 on the moisture measurement can be discriminated. That the humidity measurement must be limited to the immediate sensor environment.
  • FIG. 6 shows a diagram with the typical signal course of a simulated measurement on a textile material 8 and six different moisture states from air-dried (D) to completely soaked (W). Shown is the resistance change of the heating element (AR / R) and its temperature change in arbitrary units, both of which are directly related (PTC resistance properties).
  • the time range of 100ms to 300ms (Mx) is suitable for this measurement to estimate the moisture in the fabric. At shorter times, the heat pulse may remain in the polyimide, while at longer times it may reach the wider and unmeasurable environment.
  • FIG. 7 shows an example measurement on the skin in which the relative resistance change was plotted over the root of the time.
  • the heat pulse has passed through the stratum corneum and reached the deeper skin layers.
  • the skin moisture is influenced by the body constitution (eg water content in the body) and no longer by the external influences.
  • the skin moisture on the other side of the stratum corneum is the same in this measurement. Therefore, in the area Mx 2 the two curves run parallel. The effect of superficially moist skin or skin creams can be discriminated against by the selected temporal measuring window.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé permettant de déterminer la teneur en humidité d'une matière (8) absorbant l'humidité, en particulier un textile, ou d'une matière contenant de l'humidité, par exemple une peau, au moyen d'un capteur d'humidité (1) qui comprend un élément de chauffage (3) et qui est raccordé à une unité de commande (5) et à un circuit d'évaluation. La commande temporelle et l'analyse thermique de l'élément de chauffage (3), reposant sur la vitesse de propagation continue de l'impulsion thermique dans la matière (8) ainsi que sur les effets thermiques différents en raison des capacités thermiques ou des coefficients d'absorption thermique différents selon la teneur en humidité, permettent d'agir sur la distance par rapport à l'élément de chauffage (3) dans lequel la teneur en humidité est mesurée, l'unité de commande (5) soumet l'élément de chauffage (3) pour une durée prédéfinie à l'action d'un flux de chaleur défini, et la variation de la température, donc le changement de température fonction du temps, est mesurée pour déterminer la teneur en humidité.
PCT/EP2019/063558 2018-06-08 2019-05-26 Procédé de détermination de la teneur en humidité d'une matière absorbant l'humidité WO2019233793A1 (fr)

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DE102018113671.4 2018-06-08
DE102018113671.4A DE102018113671B4 (de) 2018-06-08 2018-06-08 Verfahren zur Ermittlung des Feuchtegehalts eines Feuchtigkeit aufnehmenden Materials

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111638165A (zh) * 2020-05-26 2020-09-08 武汉弘泰建筑工程质量检测有限公司 外墙节能保温构造耐久性检测方法
WO2024037490A1 (fr) * 2022-08-16 2024-02-22 湖北中烟工业有限责任公司 Procédé de préchauffage de cigarette chauffé électriquement

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111638165A (zh) * 2020-05-26 2020-09-08 武汉弘泰建筑工程质量检测有限公司 外墙节能保温构造耐久性检测方法
WO2024037490A1 (fr) * 2022-08-16 2024-02-22 湖北中烟工业有限责任公司 Procédé de préchauffage de cigarette chauffé électriquement

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