WO2019233114A1 - 一种采区覆岩离层水水害危险性评价法 - Google Patents

一种采区覆岩离层水水害危险性评价法 Download PDF

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WO2019233114A1
WO2019233114A1 PCT/CN2019/073153 CN2019073153W WO2019233114A1 WO 2019233114 A1 WO2019233114 A1 WO 2019233114A1 CN 2019073153 W CN2019073153 W CN 2019073153W WO 2019233114 A1 WO2019233114 A1 WO 2019233114A1
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water
mining area
strata
rock
damage
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PCT/CN2019/073153
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French (fr)
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李文平
范开放
王启庆
李小琴
赵东良
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中国矿业大学
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Priority to CA3068687A priority Critical patent/CA3068687A1/en
Priority to US16/630,462 priority patent/US20200370433A1/en
Priority to AU2019281278A priority patent/AU2019281278A1/en
Publication of WO2019233114A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019233114A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
    • E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
    • E21C41/18—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for brown or hard coal
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
    • G06Q10/04—Forecasting or optimisation specially adapted for administrative or management purposes, e.g. linear programming or "cutting stock problem"
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
    • E21B49/003—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells by analysing drilling variables or conditions
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
    • G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
    • G01N3/12—Pressure testing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • G06Q10/0635—Risk analysis of enterprise or organisation activities
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q50/00—Information and communication technology [ICT] specially adapted for implementation of business processes of specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
    • G06Q50/02—Agriculture; Fishing; Forestry; Mining
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere

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  • the invention relates to the field of water damage prevention and control in coal mining, and in particular relates to a method for evaluating water damage risk of overlying strata in a mining area.
  • the present invention aims to provide a water damage risk evaluation method for overlying strata in strata in mining areas, which is used to solve the technical problems of prevention and control of existing strata water damage.
  • the invention provides a water damage risk assessment method for overlying strata in a mining area, including the following steps:
  • S1 Collect geological data of each rock formation in the mining area. Including borehole histogram, head pressure of delaminated water-filled water source, rock layer thickness, elastic modulus, and rock bulk density, etc. Among them, the borehole histogram is used to describe the layering, thickness, lithology, and structure of the borehole through the rock layer. Engineering geological maps prepared based on tectonic and contact relationships, groundwater sampling and testing, borehole structure and drilling are important basis for analyzing engineering geological conditions and drawing geological section maps. It should be noted that the drilling histogram, the head pressure of the delaminated water-filled water source, and the thickness of the rock formation are all basic data in the field of geotechnology.
  • the elastic modulus of the rock formation can be directly obtained through testing equipment, for example, the elastic modulus can be obtained directly after testing the rock sample through the MTS815 full digital hydraulic servo testing machine
  • the principle is: the test machine obtains the axial stress-strain curve of the rock, which is determined by the average slope of the approximate straight section on the curve, that is,
  • E is the elastic modulus of the rock, that is, the elastic modulus of the rock layer in which the rock is located, MPa; ⁇ is the stress of the approximately straight section on the curve, MPa; ⁇ i is the strain of the approximately straight section on the curve.
  • the bulk density of the rock formation can be obtained by testing the rock using the indoor volume product method. which is:
  • ⁇ rock bulk density that is, the bulk density of the rock layer in which the rock is located, kN / m 3 ; G is the weight of the rock, kN; V is the volume of the rock, m 3 .
  • step S3 Based on the principle of the composite beam, and based on the rock layer thickness, elastic modulus, and rock bulk density of each rock layer collected in step S1, determine the layer development position of the rock layer above the water-conducting fracture zone. It includes the following steps:
  • the rock layers above the water-conducting fracture zone are numbered 1, 2 ... n in sequence from bottom to top;
  • T is the water inrush coefficient, MPa / m
  • P is the head pressure of the delaminated water source, MPa
  • H is the thickness of the rock layer between the delaminated cavity and the water fracture zone, m.
  • the invention provides a water damage risk evaluation method for overlying strata in the mining area by calculating the height of the water-conducting fracture zone, determining the development position of the stratification, calculating the water inrush coefficient of the stratum water at each drilling point, and dividing the stratum water.
  • the hazard safety zone and the danger zone of separated layer water damage and then the qualitative and quantitative evaluation and analysis of the danger degree of separated layer water damage on the roof of the stope, can not only modify the traditional method of determining the location of the separated layer development, but also make the separated layer
  • the prevention and control of water and water damage is targeted.
  • the mining area can design a plan for the prevention of water damage from delaminated water according to the prediction results to ensure the safe mining of coal.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an implementation method of a water damage risk assessment method for overlying strata in a mining area provided by the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a result of risk division of water damage to overlying strata in a coal mining area in northwestern China according to the method of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a graph of actual water inflow during mining in a certain face of a coal mine in Northwest China.
  • the present invention provides a water damage risk assessment method for overlying strata in a mining area, as shown in FIG. 1, and includes the following steps:
  • Geological data of each rock formation in the mining area are obtained through drilling and rock mechanics, including: borehole histograms, head pressure of separated water-filled water sources, rock thickness, elastic modulus, and rock weight.
  • the drilling histogram is an engineering geological map prepared to describe the layering, thickness, lithology, structural structure and contact relationship of the borehole through the rock formation, groundwater sampling and testing, drilling structure and drilling, etc. An important basis for analyzing engineering geological conditions and drawing geological section maps. It should be noted that the drilling histogram, the head pressure of the delaminated water-filled water source, and the thickness of the rock formation are all basic data in the field of geotechnology.
  • the elastic modulus of the rock formation can be directly obtained through testing equipment, for example, the elastic modulus can be obtained directly after testing the rock sample through the MTS815 full digital hydraulic servo testing machine
  • the principle is: the test machine obtains the axial stress-strain curve of the rock, which is determined by the average slope of the approximate straight section on the curve, that is,
  • E is the elastic modulus of the rock, that is, the elastic modulus of the rock layer in which the rock is located, MPa; ⁇ is the stress of the approximately straight section on the curve, MPa; ⁇ i is the strain of the approximately straight section on the curve.
  • the bulk density of the rock formation can be obtained by testing the rock using the indoor volume product method. which is:
  • rock bulk density that is, the bulk density of the rock where the rock is located, kN / m 3 ; G is the weight of the rock, kN; V is the volume of the rock, m 3 .
  • step S3 Based on the principle of composite beams, determine the layer development position of the rock layer above the water-conducting fracture zone based on the rock layer thickness, elastic modulus, and rock bulk density collected in step S1.
  • the determination process includes the following steps:
  • the rock layers above the water-conducting fracture zone are numbered 1, 2 ... n in sequence from bottom to top;
  • the danger zone of water damage from delaminated water includes the following steps: S41. Calculate the "water burst coefficient" of delaminated water at each drilling point according to the following formula:
  • T is the water inrush coefficient, MPa / m
  • P is the head pressure of the delaminated water source, MPa
  • H is the thickness of the rock layer between the delaminated cavity and the water fracture zone, m.
  • the 06A working face of a coal mine in Northwest China is 290m wide and 1100m in strike length.
  • the first coal seam is 2-2 seam near level, with an average buried depth of 650m and an average mining thickness of 9.1m.
  • the mining method is fully mechanized mining. Collect the borehole data in and near the working face, and use the empirical formula corresponding to the hard rock in the "Code for Hydrogeological Engineering Geological Exploration of Mining Areas" to calculate the height of the hydraulic fracture zone. Some calculation results are shown in Table 1.
  • the specific formula is as follows:
  • H f is the height of the water-conducting fracture zone, m; M is the cumulative thickness of the coal seam, m; n is the number of coal strata.
  • the layer above the number 1 is judged for the location of the out-of-straight development, and the number 1 layer is used as the first layer of the composite beam.
  • the calculation results show that:
  • the nearest layered cavity to the top boundary of the water-conducting fracture zone is located between the sandstone of No. 4 and the sandy mudstone of No. 3 located in the lower part of the Luohe Formation.
  • Geological data show that the Luohe Formation has a water pressure of 3.2 MPa. Calculate the water inrush coefficient:
  • the contour map of the water inrush coefficient of the delaminated water in the mining area is drawn using theufferr software.
  • the critical water inrush coefficient T s 0.06 MPa / m. That is, the section where T is less than 0.06 MPa / m is classified as a safe area, and the section where the water inrush coefficient T is greater than 0.06 MPa / m is classified as a danger zone for water damage from the stratum.

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种采区覆岩离层水水害危险性评价法，属于煤炭开采水害防治，解决了现有技术中离层水水害的防治主要是通过井下施工离层水"截流孔"或"导流孔"来实现，但由于对采场顶板离层水水害的危险程度未能进行定性或定量评价分析，导致离层水水害的防治具有一定盲目性。本发明提供一种采区覆岩离层水水害危险性评价法，包括以下步骤：S1.收集采区各岩层地质资料；S2.计算采区导水裂缝带高度；S3.基于组合梁原理，对导水裂缝带以上岩层进行离层发育位置判定；S4.计算离层水突水系数，进行采区覆岩离层水水害危险性分区。本发明可以对采区覆岩离层水水害危险性进行超前预测评价，可为离层水水害防治方案的制定提供科学依据，保证煤矿的安全开采。

Description

一种采区覆岩离层水水害危险性评价法 技术领域
本发明涉及煤炭开采水害防治领域，具体涉及一种采区覆岩离层水水害危险性的评价方法。
背景技术
随着工作面推进煤层开采，采场覆岩离层逐渐发育，并伴有覆岩中含水层对离层不断补给；随着离层积水量及覆岩变形逐渐增大，在一定条件下，离层下部岩层发生破断，离层空腔内的水体涌出，发生离层突水。离层水水害是一种特殊的水害类型，此类灾害具有突水瞬间水量大、突水征兆不明显、且存在周期性的顶板突水特征，常造成极大危害。如淮北矿业集团海孜煤矿在2006年5月21日发生离层突水，3887m 3/h的强大水流携带近500m 3的矸石瞬间涌出，淹没了工作面、机巷和风巷，造成5名工人死亡。
目前离层水水害的防治主要是通过井下施工离层水“截流孔”或“导流孔”来实现，但由于对采场顶板离层水水害的危险程度未能进行定性或定量评价分析，导致离层水水害的防治具有一定盲目性。
发明内容
鉴于上述的分析，本发明旨在提供一种采区覆岩离层水水害危险性评价法，用以解决现有离层水水害的防治具有一定盲目性的技术问题。
本发明的目的主要是通过以下技术方案实现的：
本发明提供了一种采区覆岩离层水水害危险性评价法，包括以下步骤：
S1.收集采区各岩层地质资料。包括钻孔柱状图、离层水充水源的水头压力、岩层厚度、弹性模量和岩层容重等，其中，钻孔柱状图是为描述钻孔穿过岩层的层性、厚度、岩性、结构构造和接触关系、地下水取样和试验、钻孔结构和钻进等情况而编制的工程地质图，是分析工程地质条件和绘制地质断面图的重要依据。需要说明的是，钻孔柱状图、离层水充水源的水头压力和岩层厚度等数据都是地质技术领域的基础数据，在前期的建设矿井过程中地质工作者通过水文地质勘探获取到这些基础数据，因此，本领域的技术人员是能够直接收集得到的；另外，岩层的弹性模量可以通过测试设备直接获取，例如，通过MTS815全数字型液压伺服试验机测试岩石样品后可直接获得弹性模量，其原理是：试验机获得岩石轴向应力-应变曲线，由曲线上近似直线区段的平均斜率确定，即
Figure PCTCN2019073153-appb-000001
式中：E为岩石弹性模量，即该岩石所在岩层弹性模量，MPa；Δσ为曲线上近似直线区段应力，MPa；Δε i为曲线上近似直线区段应变。
岩层容重可通过室内量积法测试岩石获取。即：
γ＝G/V
式中：γ岩石容重，即该岩石所在岩层容重，kN/m 3；G为岩石重量，kN；V为岩石体 积，m 3。
S2.计算采区导水裂缝带高度。具体地，采用《矿区水文地质工程地质勘探规范》中公式来计算采区导水裂缝带发育高度。
S3.基于组合梁原理，根据S1步骤中采集的各岩层的岩层厚度、弹性模量、岩层容重对导水裂缝带以上的岩层进行离层发育位置判定。包括以下步骤：
S31.根据钻孔柱状图，对导水裂缝带以上岩层从下至上依次编号1、2...n；
S32.根据以下公式依次计算n层岩层组合梁同步变形时，载荷重新分配，最底层(即组合梁第1层)岩层实际承受的载荷(q n) 1；
Figure PCTCN2019073153-appb-000002
式中：q n岩层实际承受的载荷，kPa；E为弹性模量，MPa；h为岩层厚度，m；γ为岩层容重，kN/m 3。
S33.若(q m) 1＝max((q 1) 1，(q 2) 1...，(q n) 1)，且1≤m＜n，则判定第m+1层岩层与第m层岩层之间发生了离层；若(q n) 1＝max((q 1) 1，(q 2) 1...，(q n) 1)，则判定1号岩层至n号岩层无离层空腔。
S4.计算离层水“突水系数”，进行采区离层水水害危险性分区。
S41.根据以下公式计算各钻孔点的离层水“突水系数”：
Figure PCTCN2019073153-appb-000003
式中：T为突水系数，MPa/m；P为离层充水水源的水头压力，MPa；H为离层空腔与导水裂缝带之间岩层厚度，m。
S42.根据各钻孔点的离层水“突水系数”计算结果，绘制采区离层“突水系数”等值线图；
S43.通过统计分析矿区实际离层水突水资料确定临界突水系数T s；若矿区实际离层水突水资料有限或无实际离层水突水资料，则依据《煤矿防治水规定》取T s＝0.06MPa/m。
S44.将突水系数T小于临界突水系数T s的区段划分为安全区；将突水系数T大于临界突水系数T s的区段划分为离层水水害危险区。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果为：
本发明提供的一种采区覆岩离层水水害危险性评价法，通过计算导水裂缝带高度、判定离层发育位置、计算各个钻孔点的离层水突水系数、划分离层水水害安全区和离层水水害危险区，进而对采场顶板离层水水害的危险程度进行定性和定量评价分析，不仅能够对传统离层发育位置的判别方法做出修正，而且，使离层水水害的防治工作具有针对性，通过对采区离层水水害危险性进行的预测，采区可根据预测结果设计离层水水害防治方案，从而保证煤炭安全开采。
本发明中，上述各技术方案之间还可以相互组合，以实现更多的优选组合方案。本发明的其他特征和优点将在随后的说明书中阐述，并且，部分优点可从说明书中变得显而易见，或者通过实施本发明而了解。本发明的目的和其他优点可通过说明书、权利要求书以及附图中所特别指出的内容中来实现和获得。
附图说明
附图仅用于示出具体实施例的目的，而并不认为是对本发明的限制，在整个附图中，相同的参考符号表示相同的部件。
图1为本发明提供的采区覆岩离层水水害危险性评价法实施流程图；
图2为依据本发明方法对西北某煤矿采区进行覆岩离层水水害危险性分区的结果；
图3为西北某煤矿某工作面开采过程中实际涌水量图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图来具体描述本发明的优选实施例，其中，附图构成本申请一部分，并与本发明的实施例一起用于阐释本发明的原理，并非用于限定本发明的范围。
本发明提供了一种采区覆岩离层水水害危险性评价法，如图1所示，包括如下步骤：
S1.收集采区各岩层地质资料。通过钻探和岩石力学实际获取采区地质资料，包括：钻孔柱状图、离层水充水源的水头压力、岩层厚度、弹性模量和岩层容重等。其中，钻孔柱状图是为描述钻孔穿过岩层的层性、厚度、岩性、结构构造和接触关系、地下水取样和试验、钻孔结构和钻进等情况而编制的工程地质图，是分析工程地质条件和绘制地质断面图的重要依据。需要说明的是，钻孔柱状图、离层水充水源的水头压力和岩层厚度等数据都是地质技术领域的基础数据，在前期的建设矿井过程中地质工作者通过水文地质勘探获取到这些基础数据，因此，本领域的技术人员是能够直接收集得到的；另外，岩层的弹性模量可以通过测试设备直接获取，例如，通过MTS815全数字型液压伺服试验机测试岩石样品后可直接获得弹性模量，其原理是：试验机获得岩石轴向应力-应变曲线，由曲线上近似直线区段的平均斜率确定，即
Figure PCTCN2019073153-appb-000004
式中，E为岩石弹性模量，即该岩石所在岩层弹性模量，MPa；Δσ为曲线上近似直线区段应力，MPa；Δε i为曲线上近似直线区段应变。
岩层容重可通过室内量积法测试岩石获取。即：
γ＝G/V
γ岩石容重，即该岩石所在岩层容重，kN/m 3；G为岩石重量，kN；V为岩石体积，m 3。
S2.根据《矿区水文地质工程地质勘探规范》计算采区导水裂缝带高度。
S3.基于组合梁原理，根据S1步骤中采集的岩层厚度、弹性模量、岩层容重对导水裂缝带以上的岩层进行离层发育位置判定。判定过程包括以下步骤：
S31.根据钻孔柱状图，对导水裂缝带以上岩层从下至上依次编号1、2...n；
S32.根据以下公式依次计算n层岩层组合梁同步变形时，载荷重新分配，最底层(即组合梁第1层)岩层实际承受的载荷(q n) 1；
Figure PCTCN2019073153-appb-000005
式中：q n第n层岩层实际承受的载荷，kPa；E为弹性模量，MPa；h为岩层厚度，m；γ为岩层容重，kN/m 3。
S33.若(q m) 1＝max((q 1) 1，(q 2) 1...，(q n) 1)，且1≤m＜n，则判定第m+1层岩层与第m层岩层之间发生了离层；若(q n) 1＝max((q 1) 1，(q 2) 1...，(q n) 1)，则判定1号岩层至n号岩层无离层空腔。
S4.计算离层水“突水系数”，进行采区离层水水害危险性分区。
离层水水害危险性分区包括以下步骤：S41.根据以下公式计算各钻孔点的离层水“突水系数”：
Figure PCTCN2019073153-appb-000006
式中：T为突水系数，MPa/m；P为离层充水水源的水头压力，MPa；H为离层空腔与导水裂缝带之间岩层厚度，m。
S42.根据各钻孔点的离层水“突水系数”计算结果，绘制采区离层“突水系数”等值线图；
S43.通过统计分析矿区实际离层水突水资料确定临界突水系数T s；若矿区实际离层水突水资料有限或无实际离层水突水资料，则依据《煤矿防治水规定》取T s＝0.06MPa/m。
S44.将突水系数T小于临界突水系数T s的区段划分为安全区；将突水系数T大于临界突水系数T s的区段划分为离层水水害危险区。
实施例1
西北某煤矿06A工作面宽290m，走向长度1100m，首采煤层2-2煤层近水平，平均埋深650m，平均采厚9.1m，开采方式为综放开采。收集工作面内及附近的钻孔资料，采用《矿区水文地质工程地质勘探规范》中坚硬岩类对应的经验公式计算导水裂缝带高度，部分计算结果见表一，具体公式如下：
Figure PCTCN2019073153-appb-000007
式中：H f为导水裂缝带高度，m；M为煤层累计采厚，m；n为煤分层层数。
表1导水裂缝带高度规范计算值
Figure PCTCN2019073153-appb-000008
根据以下公式依次计算n层岩层组合梁同步变形时，载荷重新分配，最底层(即组合梁第1层)岩层实际承受的载荷(q n) 1，可得：
Figure PCTCN2019073153-appb-000009
若(q m) 1＝max((q 1) 1，(q 2) 1...，(q n) 1)，1≤m＜n，意味着编号1至编号m的岩层能以“组合梁”形式同步弯曲变形，而编号m+1岩层与编号m岩层不能同步弯曲变形，则判定第m+1层岩层与第m层岩层之间发生了离层；
若(q n) 1＝max((q 1) 1，(q 2) 1...，(q n) 1)，意味着编号1至编号n的岩层能以“组合梁”形式同步弯曲变形，则判定1号岩层至n号岩层无离层空腔。
以K40钻孔为例，根据以上公式对依次进行导水裂缝带以上的岩层进行离层发育位置的理论判定，判定结果见表2。
表2离层发育位置理论判别结果(K40钻孔)
Figure PCTCN2019073153-appb-000010
Figure PCTCN2019073153-appb-000011
首先对编号1之上的岩层进行离层发育位置判定，将1号岩层作为组合梁的第一层进行判定，计算结果表明：
max((q 1) 1，(q 2) 1...，(q 8) 1)＝(q 3) 1＝835.67kPa
则判定编号4岩层与编号3岩层之间有离层空腔产生；
继续对编号4之上的岩层进行离层发育位置判定，由于4号岩层与3号岩层之间已产生离层，所以将4号岩层作为组合梁的第1层进行判定，计算结果表明：
max((q 4) 4，(q 5) 4...，(q 8) 4)＝(q 4) 4＝690.90kPa
则判定编号5岩层与编号4岩层之间有离层空腔产生；
继续对编号5之上的岩层进行离层发育位置判定，由于5号岩层与4号岩层之间已产生离层，所以将5号岩层作为组合梁的第1层进行判定，计算结果表明：
max((q 5) 5，(q 6) 5...，(q 8) 5)＝(q 8) 5＝1674.93kPa
则判定编号5岩层与编号8岩层之间无离层空腔产生。
根据判定结果表明，距离导水裂缝带顶界最近的离层空腔为位于洛河组下部，编号4中砂岩及编号3砂质泥岩之间，距离导水裂缝带63.08m，根据钻孔K40地质资料得此处洛河组水压3.2MPa。计算突水系数：
Figure PCTCN2019073153-appb-000012
同理，对其他钻孔进行离层发育位置理论判定，并计算离层水突水系数，部分结果如表3。
表3离层水突水系数理论计算值
Figure PCTCN2019073153-appb-000013
根据钻孔孔口坐标及采区边界坐标，利用sufferr软件绘制采区离层水突水系数等值线图，根据《煤矿防治水规定》，取临界突水系数T s＝0.06MPa/m，即将T小于0.06MPa/m的区段划分为安全区，将突水系数T大于0.06MPa/m的区段划分为离层水水害危险区，划分 结果见图2。根据矿区开采实践，06A工作面在推进558m时顶板发生瞬间涌突水，最大突水量达921.4m 3/h，见图3，有明显的离层水涌突特征，说明06A工作面开采受覆岩离层水水害威胁，同时也验证了采区覆岩离层水水害危险评价结果与实际相符。
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种采区覆岩离层水水害危险性评价法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    S1.收集采区各岩层地质资料；
    S2.根据岩性计算采区导水裂缝带高度；
    S3.基于组合梁原理，根据S1步骤中收集采区各岩层地质资料对所述导水裂缝带以上的岩层进行离层发育位置判定；
    S4.计算离层水突水系数，进行采区覆岩离层水水害危险性分区。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的采区覆岩离层水水害危险性评价法，其特征在于，所述S1步骤中，收集采区各岩层地质资料为收集采区各岩层的如下物理参数：钻孔柱状图、离层水充水源的水头压力、岩层厚度、弹性模量和岩层容重。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的采区覆岩离层水水害危险性评价法，其特征在于，所述S3步骤中，基于组合梁原理，根据S1步骤中收集采区各岩层地质资料对导水裂缝带以上的岩层进行离层发育位置判定，离层发育位置判定方法为：
    S31.根据钻孔柱状图，对采区导水裂缝带以上岩层从下至上依次编号1、2...n；n≥1；
    S32.根据以下公式依次计算n层岩层以“组合梁”形式同步变形时，载荷重新分配，最底层即组合梁第1层岩层实际承受的载荷(q n) 1；
    Figure PCTCN2019073153-appb-100001
    式中：q为岩层实际承受的载荷，kPa；E为弹性模量，MPa；h为岩层厚度，m；γ为岩层容重，kN/m3。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的采区覆岩离层水水害危险性评价法，其特征在于，所述离层发育位置判定方法中的S32步骤中，若(q m) 1＝max((q 1) 1，(q 2) 1...，(q n) 1)，且1≤m＜n，则判定第m+1层岩层与第m层岩层之间发生了离层，存在离层空腔。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的采区覆岩离层水水害危险性评价法，其特征在于，所述离层发育位置判定方法中的S32步骤中，若(q n) 1＝max((q 1) 1，(q 2) 1...，(q n) 1)，则判定1号岩层至n号岩层无离层空腔。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的采区覆岩离层水水害危险性评价法，其特征在于，所述S4步骤中，计算离层水突水系数，进行采区覆岩离层水水害危险性分区方法的步骤为：
    S41.计算离层水突水系数；
    S42.根据各钻孔点的离层水突水系数计算结果，绘制采区覆岩离层突水系数等值线图；
    S43.通过统计分析矿区实际离层水突水资料确定临界突水系数T s；
    S44.将离层水突水系数T与临界突水系数T s的进行比较，划分离层水水害危险性分区和离层水水害安全区。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的采区覆岩离层水水害危险性评价法，其特征在于，所述S41步骤中，根据以下公式计算离层水突水系数：
    Figure PCTCN2019073153-appb-100002
    式中：T为突水系数，MPa/m；P为离层水充水源的水头压力，MPa；H为离层空腔与导水裂缝带之间岩层厚度，m。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的采区覆岩离层水水害危险性评价法，其特征在于，所述S43步骤中，若矿区实际离层水突水资料有限或无实际离层水突水资料，则取T s＝0.06MPa/m。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的采区覆岩离层水水害危险性评价法，其特征在于，所述S44步骤中，将突水系数T小于临界突水系数T s的区段划分为安全区。
  10. 根据权利要求7所述的采区覆岩离层水水害危险性评价法，其特征在于，所述S44步骤中，将突水系数T大于临界突水系数T s的区段划分为离层水水害危险区。
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