WO2019227827A1 - 一种半隔离诊台 - Google Patents

一种半隔离诊台 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019227827A1
WO2019227827A1 PCT/CN2018/111286 CN2018111286W WO2019227827A1 WO 2019227827 A1 WO2019227827 A1 WO 2019227827A1 CN 2018111286 W CN2018111286 W CN 2018111286W WO 2019227827 A1 WO2019227827 A1 WO 2019227827A1
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Prior art keywords
air
semi
isolated
top cover
chamber
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PCT/CN2018/111286
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
周荣
钟南山
何师聪
杨昆
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广州安捷生物安全科技股份有限公司
广东省南山医药创新研究院
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Publication of WO2019227827A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019227827A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47B—TABLES; DESKS; OFFICE FURNITURE; CABINETS; DRAWERS; GENERAL DETAILS OF FURNITURE
    • A47B37/00—Tables adapted for other particular purposes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L9/00—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air
    • A61L9/16—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air using physical phenomena
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D50/00—Combinations of methods or devices for separating particles from gases or vapours
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47B—TABLES; DESKS; OFFICE FURNITURE; CABINETS; DRAWERS; GENERAL DETAILS OF FURNITURE
    • A47B2200/00—General construction of tables or desks
    • A47B2200/06—Desks with inlet and evacuation of air

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of medical equipment, in particular to a semi-isolated diagnosis table.
  • the present invention provides a semi-isolated consultation table, which can inhale and carry out disinfection and sterilization of air carrying germs, and at the same time blow clean air to form an air curtain to block the patient and the doctor. Respiratory airflow transmission path to completely eliminate the risk of germ transmission and cross infection.
  • the present invention provides a semi-isolated diagnosis table, comprising a diagnosis table body and a killing isolation device provided on the front side of the diagnosis table body, wherein the killing isolation device includes a top cover and is supported on the top cover.
  • the support body at both ends, and the top cover and the support body surround a semi-isolated space for patient consultation, and the killing isolation device is provided with a flow channel chamber extending from the top cover to the consultation table body.
  • a sterilization filter unit and a fan are provided in the flow channel cavity.
  • An air outlet connected to the fan inlet is provided at the bottom of the top cover.
  • An outlet of the consultation table body is provided with the fan. Connected air outlets.
  • the support body includes a support platform and a wind cabinet falling above the support platform, and the top cover is erected on top of two of the wind cabinets and connects the two wind cabinets, and the top cover
  • a top chamber is provided
  • the wind box is provided with a middle chamber
  • the support platform is provided with a bottom chamber.
  • the top chamber, the middle chamber, and the bottom chamber are sequentially connected to form the flow channel.
  • a cavity, the air outlet is communicated with the top cavity, the fan is disposed in the middle cavity, and the sterilization filter unit is disposed in the middle cavity or the top cavity.
  • the consultation table body includes a cabinet body and a table top, the cabinet body is set to at least two, and the table top is laid on the top of the two cabinet bodies and connects the two cabinet bodies, so The air outlet is provided on the countertop, and an air channel groove communicating with the flow channel cavity is also connected between the two cabinets, and the air outlet is directly opposite to the air channel groove. notch.
  • a length of the air channel groove is greater than or equal to a width of the semi-isolated space.
  • the air outlet is provided with a guide grid that inclines the air curtain toward the semi-isolated space, and the angle between the air curtain and the normal direction of the air channel groove is 15 ° to 25 °.
  • the wind speed of the air curtain is 2m / s to 4m / s.
  • the sterilization filter unit includes a primary effect filter, a high-voltage electrostatic filter, an activated carbon filter, and a high-efficiency filter.
  • the semi-isolated diagnosis desk is further provided with a control unit, the control unit includes a main control module and a touch screen, and the fan and the touch screen are electrically connected to the main control module.
  • control unit further includes a detection module electrically connected to the main control module.
  • the touch screen is provided on a side of the support body facing the doctor.
  • the semi-isolated diagnosis table provided by the invention comprises a diagnosis table body and a killing isolation device provided on the front side of the diagnosis table body.
  • the killing isolation device includes a top cover and support bodies supported at both ends of the top cover, and the top cover and the support body surround It becomes a semi-isolated space for patients.
  • the anti-killing isolation device is provided with a flow channel chamber extending from the top cover to the consultation table body.
  • a sterilization filter unit and a fan are provided in the flow channel chamber.
  • the bottom of the top cover is provided with a fan.
  • the air outlet connected with the inlet, and the table top of the consultation table body is provided with an air outlet connected with the outlet of the fan.
  • the fan when a patient visits a doctor in a semi-isolated space, the fan provides a wind source to make a positive and negative pressure difference between the air outlet and the air outlet.
  • the air exhaled by the patient carrying germs is sucked in by the air outlet and then enters the sterilization filter unit. After disinfection and sterilization, it becomes clean air, which is finally blown out from the air outlet to form a positive pressure air curtain that can block the path of respiratory airflow between the patient and the doctor, thereby completely eliminating the risk of germ transmission and cross infection.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a semi-isolated diagnosis table according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a split structure of a semi-isolated diagnosis table according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a guide grid according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a sectional view taken along A-A in Fig. 3.
  • FIG. 5 is a composition diagram of the Scenario 0 (Case 0) condition in the CFD simulation of the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a composition diagram under the scenario 1 (Case 1) condition in the CFD simulation of the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a composition diagram under the scenario 1 (Case 2) condition in the CFD simulation of the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a composition diagram under the scenario 1 (Case 3) condition in the CFD simulation of the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a composition diagram of the Scenario 5 (Case 2) condition in the CFD simulation of the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a composition diagram of the Scenario 5 (Case 5) condition in the CFD simulation of the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a composition diagram under the scenario 5 (Case 8) condition in the CFD simulation of the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a line chart of the average mole fraction ( ⁇ 10 -4 ) of the tracer gas near the mouth of the medical staff at different air supply speeds and air supply angles.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a semi-isolated diagnosis table, which includes a diagnosis table body 1 and a killing isolation device 2 disposed on the front side of the diagnosis table body 1.
  • the kill isolation device 2 includes a top cover 21 and support bodies supported at both ends of the top cover 21, and the top cover 21 and the support body surround a semi-isolated space 3 for patient consultation.
  • the kill isolation device 2 is provided with
  • the top cover 21 extends to the flow path chamber of the consultation table body 1.
  • a sterilization filter unit (not shown) and a fan (not shown) are provided in the flow path chamber.
  • the bottom of the top cover 21 is connected to the inlet of the fan.
  • An air outlet (not shown) is provided on the table surface of the consultation table body 1 and an air outlet 11 is connected to the fan outlet.
  • the fan provides a wind source, which makes the air outlet and the air outlet 11 form a positive and negative pressure difference.
  • the air exhaled by the patient carrying the germs is sucked in by the air outlet and then enters the sterilization.
  • the filter unit is disinfected and sterilized to become clean air, which is finally blown out from the air outlet 11 to form a positive pressure air curtain that can block the path of the respiratory airflow between the patient and the doctor, thereby completely eliminating the risk of germ transmission and cross infection. .
  • the supporting body includes a supporting table 22 and a wind box 23 falling above the supporting table.
  • the top cover 21 is erected on top of the two wind boxes 23 and connects the two wind boxes 23.
  • the cover 21 is provided with a top chamber (not shown)
  • the wind box 23 is provided with a middle chamber 231
  • the support table 22 is provided with a bottom chamber 221
  • the top chamber, the middle chamber 231, and the bottom chamber 221 are sequentially connected to form a flow.
  • the sterilization filter unit includes the primary effect filter, high voltage electrostatic filter, activated carbon filter and high efficiency filter, which can be set in the middle chamber 231 can also be installed in the top chamber, and when the sterilization filter unit is located in the middle chamber 231, it can be installed before the fan inlet or after the fan outlet, but regardless of the sterilization filter unit used Which of the above-mentioned arrangements can sterilize and sterilize the air entering the chamber of the runner to achieve a purification function.
  • the consultation table body 1 includes a cabinet 12 and a table top 13, and the cabinet 12 is also set to at least two.
  • the two cabinets 12 correspond to the two support tables 22, and the table top 13 It is laid on the top of two cabinets 12 and connects the two cabinets 12.
  • the air outlet 11 is provided on the countertop 13.
  • the two cabinets 12 are also connected with an air channel groove 14 communicating with the bottom chamber 221.
  • the air outlet 11 on the countertop 13 is directly opposite to the slot of the air channel groove 14.
  • the two middle chambers 231 are communicated by the top chamber
  • the two bottom chambers 221 are communicated by the air channel groove 14, and the air outlet is opposite to the air outlet 11 up and down, so that the flow channel chamber forms a surrounding
  • the double-circulation structure of the semi-isolated space 3 that is, the air exhaled by the patient is sucked by the air vent provided at the bottom of the top cover 21, and the shunt occurs in the top chamber.
  • the sterilization and filtering unit becomes clean air, it is realized in the air groove 14
  • the confluence is finally blown out from the air outlet 11 to form a positive pressure air curtain with a blocking effect.
  • the double-circulation structure perfectly integrates air purification and the air curtain partition into one, and realizes the direct conversion of the breath exhaled by the patient into the air curtain. Its function, while protecting the doctor, avoids the spread of air with germs to the surroundings, and better reduces the chance of cross infection.
  • the length of the air duct groove 14 is greater than or equal to the width of the semi-isolated space 3, that is, the width of the air curtain is greater than or equal to the distance between the two wind boxes 23, and thus, the air outlet 11
  • the blown-out curtain is continuously and uninterrupted between the two wind boxes 23, which completely blocks the breathing airflow propagation path between the patient and the doctor, ensuring the blocking effect.
  • the semi-isolated diagnosis table in this embodiment is further provided with a control unit.
  • the control unit includes a main control module and a touch screen 4.
  • the touch screen 4 is provided on the side of the wind box 23 facing the doctor, and the fan,
  • the touch screen 4 is electrically connected to the main control module. Based on this, the doctor sends instructions to the main control module through the touch screen, and then the main control module controls the fan to realize the fan start and stop, timing, and gear adjustment functions.
  • the control unit also includes a detection module electrically connected to the main control module.
  • the detection module is used to detect data such as PM2.5 and carbon dioxide in the air and transmit it to the main control module.
  • the main control module displays the detection data on the touch screen. It is convenient for doctors to monitor the air quality in the environment in real time.
  • the air outlet 11 in this embodiment is provided with a guide style that inclines the air curtain to the side of the patient. Grid 15.
  • the air outlet 11 in this embodiment is provided with a guide style that inclines the air curtain to the side of the patient. Grid 15.
  • the guide angle of the grille 15 is very important.
  • the air supply speed of the air curtain also has a very important influence on the partition effect of the air curtain.
  • the semi-isolated diagnosis table in this embodiment performs CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) simulation.
  • CFD computational Fluid Dynamics
  • the partition effect of the semi-isolated consultation table using airflow is studied, and the influence of different parameters on the partition effect is obtained, mainly including: the speed of the air curtain outlet, and the air supply angle. From these two aspects, suggestions for the optimization design of the semi-isolated consultation table are put forward. Under the conditions of this simulation, the semi-isolated consultation table is located in the center of the room, and the midpoint of the doctor-patient connection is the center of the room. It should be emphasized that, in order to make the test effect of the air curtain partition more intuitive and clear, in this experiment, the killing isolation device of the semi-isolated consultation desk will be simplified and omitted, that is, the patient is in a completely open space, and the air is drawn.
  • the size and position of the mouth have been reasonably converted.
  • other relevant parameters in the geometric model including the size of the clinic body and the size of the air outlet, are established according to the known parameters of the actual product.
  • the main function of the air curtain is to isolate the pathogenic microbial aerosol exhaled by the patient, in this simulation, the state of the patient and the doctor breathing at the same time in a practical situation is simplified to some extent. Breath, doctor inhalation.
  • the air supply angle ⁇ refers to the angle (°) (biased to the patient) between the air supply direction of the air duct groove 14 and its normal direction.
  • the tracer gas is used to represent the gas components exhaled by the patient.
  • the calculated component diagrams refer to the mole fraction distribution of the tracer gas.
  • Case 0 is used as a control group, and it is assumed that the consultation table body 1 has no air curtain.
  • the patient's exhaled air was drawn by the thermal plume generated above his head, rising to the top of his head, and also offsetting to a wall on one side.
  • the number of ventilations without a curtain is less than the number of ventilations with a curtain, so Case 0 has a smaller number of ventilations and a longer pollutant residence time.
  • the patient's airflow may hover around the room, resulting in a high concentration of tracer gas near the doctor's mouth (which can reach several times that of other Cases), and the doctor's exposure time is longer. Therefore, it is very effective to set a wind curtain to reduce the risk of infection of the doctor.
  • the air supply speed of the air curtain is increased to 3 m / s.
  • the supply airflow formed a relatively complete wind curtain.
  • the pollutants on the left were basically blocked on the left side of the curtain, and only a few could escape to the right side of the curtain.
  • the exhaled air flow is biased toward the supply air flow, which is caused by the high speed of the supply air flow and the strong entrainment effect on the patient's output air flow.
  • the cooler supply air flow is scattered in the room, even in the room. A certain temperature stratification was formed in the upper and middle parts (upper heat-lower middle heat-lower middle heat), which destroyed the thermal plume.
  • Case 8 tilts the direction of the air curtain toward the patient again, and the air supply angle is adjusted to 40 °.
  • the air flow between the patient and the doctor is freely connected, and the tracer gas concentration in the breathing area of the doctor's mouth is high.
  • the wind curtain is virtually empty. This is because the air supply angle of the air curtain is too low at this time, the air supply airflow is easily attracted by the patient's exhaled airflow, and even the patient's exhaled airflow under the higher temperature is suppressed below it, and the airflow will directly reach the patient's mouth. So that the exhaled air of the patient can directly move over the air flow to the doctor area.
  • the patient's exhaled airflow has a certain interference and suppression, so that the patient's exhaled airflow eventually deviates from the direction of the doctor and returns to the patient.
  • Figure 12 shows the mole fraction of the tracer gas near the doctor's mouth under different functional parameters (supply angle and air velocity).
  • the mole fraction of the tracer gas attached to the doctor's mouth represents the patient's exhaled gas entering the doctor's mouth to breathe. Region proportion. From the results, the lowest mole fraction is the case of Case 3 (supply angle 0 °, wind speed 4m / s). However, in this case, the average concentration of the tracer gas above the doctor's head is higher, which increases the risk of contamination of the breathing area, so it is not optimal.
  • the blocking effect of the supply air speed of 3m / s (Case 2,5,8) is better than that of 2m / s (Case 1,4,7) and 4m / s (Case 3,6,9).
  • the reason is that the air curtain formed by the air supply speed of 2m / s is not strong enough, and it is easy to be punctured by the patient's exhaled airflow near the ceiling, causing the patient's exhaled airflow to leak into the doctor's side; and the 4m / s airflow speed will be enhanced.
  • the blocking effect of the supply air angle of 20 ° is better than that of 0 ° (Case 1, 2, 3) and 40 ° (Case 7, 8, 9). Because compared with 0 °, the 20 ° supply air stream has an active surface inclined toward the patient, which has a better suppressing effect on the patient's exhaled air and blows pollutants to the space behind the patient; while the 40 ° supply air The angle, because the airflow is tilted too much, is close to the height of the patient's mouth, and under the entrainment of the patient's exhaled airflow, it is brought directly under the patient's mouth by the exhaled airflow, which cannot block the patient's exhaled airflow.
  • the air supply angle is designed to be 20 °, which is only the most preferred angle. Although the effect achieved by plus or minus 5 ° is not sufficient, it still meets the needs of use. Therefore, between 15 ° and 25 ° All are within the scope of the present invention.
  • a semi-isolated diagnosis table mainly includes a diagnosis table body 1 and a killing isolation device 2 provided on the front side of the diagnosis table body 1.
  • the killing isolation device 2 includes a top cover 21 and a support on the top.
  • the support body at both ends of the cover 21, and the top cover 21 and the support body surround a semi-isolated space 3 for patient consultation, and the killing isolation device 2 is provided with a flow channel chamber extending from the top cover 21 to the consultation table body 1, and a flow channel
  • the chamber is provided with a sterilization filter unit and a fan.
  • the bottom of the top cover 21 is provided with an air outlet connected to the inlet of the fan.
  • the table top of the consultation table body 1 is provided with an air outlet 11 connected to the outlet of the fan.
  • the flow channel chamber forms a double-circulation structure surrounding the semi-isolated space 3.
  • This double-circulation structure perfectly integrates air purification and air curtain partitioning, and realizes the function of directly converting the breath exhaled by the patient into the air curtain partition. , While protecting doctors, avoid the spread of air with germs to the surroundings, and better reduce the chance of cross infection;
  • the air outlet 11 is provided with a guide grid 15 that inclines the air curtain to the side of the patient, and the angle between the air curtain and the normal direction of the air channel groove 14 is 15 ° to 25 °, which has the best cutoff. effect;
  • the semi-isolated consultation desk has a fashionable appearance and high acceptance, and compared with the overall renovation of the ward or clinic, the purchase cost is low and easy to promote.

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Abstract

一种半隔离诊台，包括诊台本体（1）以及设于诊台本体（1）前侧的消杀隔离装置（2），消杀隔离装置（2）包括顶盖（21）以及支撑于顶盖（21）两端的支撑体，且顶盖（21）与支撑体围成供患者就诊的半隔离空间（3），消杀隔离装置（2）设有从顶盖（21）延伸至诊台本体（1）的流道腔室，流道腔室内设有杀菌过滤单元和风机，顶盖（21）的底部设有与风机的进口相连通的抽风口，诊台本体（1）的台面设有与风机的出口相连通的出风口（11）。跟现有技术相比，半隔离诊台将空气净化和风帘隔断完美地结合为一体，实现了将患者呼出的气体直接转化为隔断风帘的功能，在保护医生的同时，避免了带有病菌的空气向周围传播，彻底杜绝病菌传播和产生交叉感染的风险。

Description

一种半隔离诊台 技术领域
本发明涉及医疗设备技术领域，尤其涉及一种半隔离诊台。
背景技术
生态环境急遽改变的廿一世纪，具有传染病的病毒或细菌多种多样，例如SARS，肺结核，脑膜炎、脑脊髓膜炎，水痘，麻疹，德国麻疹，流行性感冒等等，俨然成为人类健康的重大威胁，迫使人类更加重视经由空气或飞沫等媒介携带传播的潜在危险性病菌。由此，在医院或诊所中，防止病菌扩散和交叉感染是一项极其重要的预防工作，而带有传播性病菌的患者更是医院和诊所重点防护的对象，实属重中之重。
目前，有研发人员设计了一种带有风帘的诊台，能够吹出一道隔断患者与医生之间呼吸气流传播路径的风帘，以降低医生在问诊时感染病菌的几率，达到保护医护人员的目的。但是，该类诊台只是通过风帘隔断医生与患者，并未对患者呼出的带有病菌的空气或气溶胶进行有效地收集和杀毒灭菌处理，因此，除医生之外的其他人员仍有可能被扩散的带有病菌的空气所污染，依然存在病菌传播和交叉感染的风险。
因此，特别需要一种既能够吹出隔断风帘，又能够对患者吹出的空气进行收集和处理的诊台，以彻底杜绝病菌传播和产生交叉感染的风险。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供一种半隔离诊台，该半隔离诊台能够将携带病菌的空气吸入并进行消毒杀菌处理，同时吹出洁净的空气形成风帘， 隔断患者与医生之间的呼吸气流传播路径，以彻底杜绝病菌传播和产生交叉感染的风险。
基于此，本发明提供了一种半隔离诊台，包括诊台本体以及设于所述诊台本体前侧的消杀隔离装置，所述消杀隔离装置包括顶盖以及支撑于所述顶盖两端的支撑体，且所述顶盖与所述支撑体围成供患者就诊的半隔离空间，所述消杀隔离装置设有从所述顶盖延伸至所述诊台本体的流道腔室，所述流道腔室内设有杀菌过滤单元和风机，所述顶盖的底部设有与所述风机的进口相连通的抽风口，所述诊台本体的台面设有与所述风机的出口相连通的出风口。
作为优选方案，所述支撑体包括支撑台以及落于所述支撑台上方的风机箱，所述顶盖架设于两个所述风机箱的顶部并连接两个所述风机箱，所述顶盖设有顶部腔室，所述风机箱设有中部腔室，所述支撑台设有底部腔室，所述顶部腔室、所述中部腔室以及所述底部腔室依次连通构成所述流道腔室，所述抽风口与所述顶部腔室相连通，所述风机设于所述中部腔室内，所述杀菌过滤单元设于所述中部腔室或所述顶部腔室内。
作为优选方案，所述诊台本体包括柜体和台面板，所述柜体设为至少两个，所述台面板铺设于两个所述柜体的顶部并连接两个所述柜体，所述出风口设于所述台面板上，两个所述柜体之间还连接有与所述流道腔室相连通的风道凹槽，所述出风口正对所述风道凹槽的槽口。
作为优选方案，所述风道凹槽的长度大于或等于所述半隔离空间的宽度。
作为优选方案，所述出风口设有使风帘向所述半隔离空间倾斜的导风格栅，且所述风帘与所述风道凹槽的法线方向的夹角为15°至25°。
作为优选方案，所述风帘的风速为2m/s至4m/s。
作为优选方案，所述杀菌过滤单元包括初效滤网、高压静电滤网、活性炭滤网以及高效滤网。
作为优选方案，所述半隔离诊台还设有控制单元，所述控制单元包括主 控模块和触摸屏，所述风机、所述触摸屏与所述主控模块电连接。
作为优选方案，所述控制单元还包括有与所述主控模块电连接的检测模块。
作为优选方案，所述触摸屏设于所述支撑体朝向医生的侧面。
实施本发明实施例，具有如下有益效果：
本发明提供的半隔离诊台包括诊台本体以及设于诊台本体前侧的消杀隔离装置，消杀隔离装置包括顶盖以及支撑于顶盖两端的支撑体，且顶盖与支撑体围成供患者就诊的半隔离空间，消杀隔离装置设有从顶盖延伸至诊台本体的流道腔室，流道腔室内设有杀菌过滤单元和风机，顶盖的底部设有与风机的进口相连通的抽风口，诊台本体的台面设有与风机的出口相连通的出风口。基于上述结构，当患者在半隔离空间内就诊时，风机提供风源，使抽风口和出风口形成正负压差，患者呼出的携带病菌的空气由此被抽风口吸入，然后进入杀菌过滤单元进行消毒杀菌处理，变为洁净的空气，最后从出风口吹出，形成一道能够隔断患者与医生之间呼吸气流传播路径的正压风帘，从而彻底杜绝病菌传播和产生交叉感染的风险。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例的半隔离诊台的整体结构示意图。
图2是本发明实施例的半隔离诊台的分体结构示意图。
图3是本发明实施例的导风格栅的结构示意图。
图4是图3中A-A的剖视图。
图5是本发明实施例的CFD模拟中Scenario 0(Case 0)条件下的组分图。
图6是本发明实施例的CFD模拟中Scenario1(Case 1)条件下的组分图。
图7是本发明实施例的CFD模拟中Scenario1(Case 2)条件下的组分图。
图8是本发明实施例的CFD模拟中Scenario1(Case3)条件下的组分图。
图9是本发明实施例的CFD模拟中Scenario5(Case 2)条件下的组分图。
图10是本发明实施例的CFD模拟中Scenario5(Case 5)条件下的组分图。
图11是本发明实施例的CFD模拟中Scenario5(Case 8)条件下的组分图。
图12是不同送风速度和送风角度下医务人员嘴巴附近的示踪气体平均摩尔分数(×10 -4)的折线图。
附图标记说明：
1、诊台本体，11、出风口，12、柜体，13、台面板，14、风道凹槽，15、导风格栅，2、消杀隔离装置，21、顶盖，22、支撑台，221、底部腔室，23、风机箱，231、中部腔室，3、半隔离空间，4、触摸屏。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
如图1所示，本发明实施例提供一种半隔离诊台，包括诊台本体1以及设于诊台本体1前侧的消杀隔离装置2，诊台本体1的前侧即为患者就诊时所在侧，消杀隔离装置2包括顶盖21以及支撑于顶盖21两端的支撑体，且顶盖21与支撑体围成供患者就诊的半隔离空间3，消杀隔离装置2设有从顶盖21延伸至诊台本体1的流道腔室，流道腔室内设有杀菌过滤单元(图未示)和风机(图未示)，顶盖21的底部设有与风机的进口相连通的抽风口(图未示)，诊台本体1的台面设有与风机的出口相连通的出风口11。基于上述结构，当患者在半隔离空间3内就诊时，风机提供风源，使抽风口和出风口11形成正负压差，患者呼出的携带病菌的空气由此被抽风口吸入，然后进入杀菌过 滤单元进行消毒杀菌处理，变为洁净的空气，最后从出风口11吹出，形成一道能够隔断患者与医生之间呼吸气流传播路径的正压风帘，从而彻底杜绝病菌传播和产生交叉感染的风险。
具体地，如图1至图2所示，支撑体包括支撑台22以及落于支撑台上方的风机箱23，顶盖21架设于两个风机箱23的顶部并连接两个风机箱23，顶盖21设有顶部腔室(图未示)，风机箱23设有中部腔室231，支撑台22设有底部腔室221，顶部腔室、中部腔室231以及底部腔室221依次连通构成流道腔室，抽风口与顶部腔室相连通，风机设于中部腔室内231，杀菌过滤单元包括初效滤网、高压静电滤网、活性炭滤网以及高效滤网，其可设于中部腔室231内，也可设于顶部腔室内，并且，当杀菌过滤单元设于中部腔室231内时，其可设于风机的进口前，也可设于风机的出口后，但无论杀菌过滤单元采用上述哪种布置方式，其均能够对进入流道腔室内的空气进行消毒杀菌处理，实现净化功能。与消杀隔离装置2的结构相似，诊台本体1包括柜体12和台面板13，柜体12也设为至少两个，两个柜体12与两个支撑台22相对应，台面板13铺设于两个柜体12的顶部并连接两个柜体12，出风口11设于台面板13上，两个柜体12之间还连接有与底部腔室221相连通的风道凹槽14，台面板13上的出风口11正对风道凹槽14的槽口。基于上述结构，两个中部腔室231被顶部腔室连通，两个底部腔室221被风道凹槽14连通，且抽风口与出风口11上下相对，从而使流道腔室形成了一个围绕半隔离空间3的双循环结构，即患者呼出的空气被顶盖21底部设置的抽风口吸入后在顶部腔室内发生分流，经过杀菌过滤单元变为洁净空气后又在风道凹槽14内实现合流，最后由出风口11向上吹出形成具有隔断效果的正压风帘，因此，该双循环结构将空气净化和风帘隔断完美地结合为一体，实现了将患者呼出的气体直接转化为隔断风帘的功能，在保护医生的同时，避免了带有病菌的空气向周围传播，更好地降低了产生交叉感染的几率。
进一步地，如图2所示，风道凹槽14的长度大于或等于半隔离空间3的 宽度，即风帘的宽度大于或等于两个风机箱23之间的距离，由此，出风口11吹出的风帘在两个风机箱23之间连续不间断，彻底隔断了患者与医生之间的呼吸气流传播路径，保证了隔断效果。
更进一步地，如图1所示，本实施例中的半隔离诊台还设有控制单元，控制单元包括主控模块和触摸屏4，触摸屏4设于风机箱23朝向医生的侧面，且风机、触摸屏4与主控模块电连接，基于此，医生通过触摸屏对主控模块发出指令，再由主控模块操控风机，实现风机的启停、定时、档位调节等功能。此外，控制单元还包括有与主控模块电连接的检测模块，检测模块用于检测空气中的PM2.5和二氧化碳值等数据并传输至主控模块，主控模块再将检测数据显示在触摸屏上，便于医生实时监测环境中的空气质量。
再进一步的，如图3至图4所示，风帘的倾斜角度直接影响风帘的隔断效果，因此，本实施例中的出风口11设有使风帘向患者所在侧倾斜的导风格栅15。但是，若风帘的倾斜角度过小，则无法起到提高隔断效果的作用；若倾斜角度过大，则风帘容易被患者呼出的气流越过，根本达不到隔断的效果，因此，导风格栅15的导向角度设计十分重要。同样的，风帘的送风速度也对风帘的隔断效果具有非常重要的影响。
为此，本实施例中的半隔离诊台进行了CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics)仿真模拟，具体模拟过程如下：
通过CFD模拟技术，对利用气流的半隔离诊台的隔断效果进行研究，并得出不同参数对隔断效果的影响，主要包括：风帘出风口的速度、送风角度。并从这两个方面对半隔离诊台的优化设计提出了改进建议。在本模拟的条件设置下，半隔离诊台位于房间中央，医生和患者连线的中点为房间的中心点。需要强调的是，为了使风帘隔断的试验效果更加直观与清晰，在此次实验中，半隔离诊台的消杀隔离装置将简化省去，即患者是处于一个完全开放的空间，而抽风口的尺寸和位置则进行了合理的转换，除此之外，几何模型中的其他相关参数，包括诊台本体的尺寸、出风口的尺寸都按实际产品的 已知参数建立。并且，考虑到风帘的主要作用是对患者呼出的病原性微生物气溶胶进行隔离，故在本模拟中对患者和医生在实际情况下同时呼吸的状态作了一定的简化，重点研究了患者呼气、医生吸气的情况。
CFD模型的建立以及边界条件的设置，先确定几何模型如表1所示：
表1几何模型尺寸
Figure PCTCN2018111286-appb-000001
再设置模拟条件，参见表2所述：
表2模拟条件设置
Figure PCTCN2018111286-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2018111286-appb-000003
其中，注：送风角度θ指风道凹槽14的送风方向与其法线方向的夹角(°)(偏向患者方向)。模拟过程中用示踪气体代表患者呼出的气体成分，所计算的组分图均指的是示踪气体的摩尔分数分布图。
首先，以Scenario 0、1(Case 0，1，2，3)，研究不同风速对隔断效果的影响，具体试验过程如下：
参见图5，以Case 0作为对照组，设为诊台本体1无风帘。患者呼出的气流被自己头顶产生的热羽流所卷吸，向头顶上升，同时也向一侧墙壁偏移。在相同的房间通风系统下，无风帘的换气次数小于有风帘的换气次数，因此Case 0的换气次数较小，污染物停留时间较长。因没有风帘阻隔，患者的气流可能会在房间各处盘旋，导致医生嘴巴附近的示踪气体浓度较高(能达到其他Case的几倍)，并且医生的暴露时间也较长。因此，设置风帘来降低医生的感染风险的做法是十分有效的。
参见图6，在Case 1的情况下，由于风帘的送风速度不高，患者呼出的污染物可以很容易越过风帘，从高处(靠近天花板位置)向医生侧移动，风帘的隔离作用无法得到保障。这是由于风帘的送风角度竖直向上，且速度不高，较弱的送风气流在喷出后不久便受到患者呼出气流的卷吸作用，使得风帘的送风气流略微偏向患者侧。且由于患者呼出气体的密度大于空气，污染 物有机会下沉，并有可能绕过诊台本体1底部和侧面而到达医生的呼吸区。具体的感染风险还与污染物种类、暴露时间、感染阈值等因素有关。因此在这种情况下，虽然风帘在近诊台本体1的表面上有一定的作用，但作用有限，应加大半隔离诊台的送风风速，进一步阻隔两人之间的气流交换。
参见图7，在Case 2中，风帘的送风速度加大到3m/s。此时，送风气流形成了比较完整的风帘，左边患者的污染物基本被阻挡在风帘左边，只有少数能逃逸到风帘右边。呼出气流偏向送风气流，这是由于送风气流的速度较大，对患者呼出气流有较强的卷吸作用而导致；另一方面，较冷的送风气流在房间内四散，甚至在房间中上部形成了一定的温度分层(上热-中上冷-中下热)，破坏了热羽流。
参见图8，在Case 3中，风帘的送风速度加大到4m/s的情况。此时，强化的风帘能够完全隔离两人，这是由于较冷且速度较高的送风气流直接冲向天花板，从而在医生和患者之间筑成一道有力的“风帘屏障”。在这种情况下，污染物到达医生呼吸区的机会更小了，一般在到达医生侧之前就能被半隔离诊台两侧的回风口排走。但是，从模拟过程中可以得出，患者呼出气体在医生头顶上方天花板区域的平均浓度反而高于Case 2中风帘的送风速度为3m/s的情况，又增加了对医生呼吸区域污染的风险。这是由于速度较高的气流对患者呼出气体的卷吸作用更强，则其混合气体的密度与周围空气的密度差值越大，越容易在医生侧发生下沉。所以送风速度不是越大越好。
紧接着，以上述风速试验得出的较佳风速3m/s为基础，进一步比较Scenario 5(Case 2，5，8)，研究不同送风角度对患者呼出污染物轨迹的影响，具体试验过程如下：参见图9至图10，Case 5为在Case 2的基础上将送风角度调整为20°，由风道凹槽14射出的冷气流可以有效地将患者的呼出气体控制在患者身后的一个小区域里，不容易抵达医生呼吸区，从而达到压制污染物传播的目的。医生周围的气流不受风帘的直接影响，其热羽流能正常发展。这种情况能较好地阻隔患者和医生之间的气流交互，可以减小实际环 境中的气溶胶感染风险。
参见图11，Case 8将风帘送风方向再次向患者侧倾斜，送风角度调整为40°，患者和医生之间的气流是自由连通的，医生嘴巴呼吸区域的示踪气体浓度较高，风帘形同虚设。这是由于此时风帘的送风角度太低，送风气流极易受到患者呼出气流的吸引，甚至被温度较高的患者呼出气流压制在其下方，送风气流将直接抵达患者嘴巴下方，使得患者呼出气流则可以直接越过送风气流而往医生区域自由运动。但与此同时，由于诊台本体1的短边风口的作用又对患者呼出气流的运动起到了一定的干扰和压制，使得患者呼出气流最终偏离医生方向运动而回到患者身后。
综上所述，纵观整个模拟过程，得到的结论是：
图12显示了不同功能参数(送风角度和送风风速)下，医生嘴巴附近的示踪气体摩尔分数情况，医生嘴巴附件的示踪气体摩尔分数代表的是患者呼出的气体进入到医生嘴巴呼吸区域的比例。从结果上看，摩尔分数最低的是Case 3(送风角度0°，风速4m/s)的情况。但是由于在这种情况下，医生头顶上方的示踪气体平均浓度较高，增加了呼吸区域被污染的风险，故并不是最佳情况。
送风速度3m/s(Case 2,5,8)的隔断效果优于2m/s(Case 1,4,7)和4m/s(Case 3,6,9)的情况。原因是2m/s的送风速度形成的风帘强度不够，在靠近天花板的位置容易被患者呼出气流穿破而导致患者呼出气流的泄露进入医生侧；而4m/s的送风速度又会增强房间内气流的紊乱程度，从而加剧房间内空气的混合，导致患者的呼出气流很有可能在整个房间内充满，且4m/s的送风速度可能造成患者因为较高速度的出流而带来的吹风感，故3m/s较合适。当然，2m/s至4m/s之间均是本发明保护的范围。
送风角度20°(Case 4,5,6)的隔断效果优于0°(Case 1,2,3)和40°(Case7,8,9)的情况。因为与0°相比，20°送风气流有一个向着患者方向倾斜的作用面，对患者的呼出气体有更好的压制作用，将污染物吹向患者身后 的空间；而40°的送风角度，由于气流倾斜太多，接近于患者嘴巴高度，而在患者呼出气流的卷吸作用下直接被呼出气流带到患者嘴巴下方，不能起到阻挡患者呼出气流的作用。但是，需要强调的是，送风角度设计为20°仅仅为最优选的角度，其正负5°所达到的效果虽然有所欠缺，但依然满足使用需求，因此，15°至25°之间均是本发明保护的范围。
风帘射流和人体热羽流的卷吸效应在模拟中得到了体现。不同风帘风速下，患者呼出气体会受到不同卷吸作用的影响。以Case 2和Case3为例，当风帘风速较小时，人体热羽流产生的卷吸效应对患者呼出气体的运动起主导作用，呼出气体被头顶的热羽流所捕获，并被加热上浮；当风帘风速较大时，风帘射流所产生的的卷吸效应起主导作用，患者呼出气体会被卷入风帘并跟随风帘的送风气流一起运动，同时污染物也被风帘包围而得到控制，从而使得医生的感染风险得以降低。
综上，本实施例提供的一种半隔离诊台，主要包括诊台本体1以及设于诊台本体1前侧的消杀隔离装置2，消杀隔离装置2包括顶盖21以及支撑于顶盖21两端的支撑体，且顶盖21与支撑体围成供患者就诊的半隔离空间3，消杀隔离装置2设有从顶盖21延伸至诊台本体1的流道腔室，流道腔室内设有杀菌过滤单元和风机，顶盖21的底部设有与风机的进口相连通的抽风口，诊台本体1的台面设有与风机的出口相连通的出风口11。跟现有技术相比，具有如下有益效果：
1、流道腔室形成了一个围绕半隔离空间3的双循环结构，该双循环结构将空气净化和风帘隔断完美地结合为一体，实现了将患者呼出的气体直接转化为隔断风帘的功能，在保护医生的同时，避免了带有病菌的空气向周围传播，更好地降低了产生交叉感染的几率；
2、出风口11设有使风帘向患者所在侧倾斜的导风格栅15，且风帘与风道凹槽14的法线方向的夹角为15°至25°，具有最佳的隔断效果；
3、该半隔离诊台外观时尚，接受度高，且相对于病房或诊所的整体改造 而言，购置成本低，易于推广。
以上所述是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和变形，这些改进和变形也视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种半隔离诊台，包括诊台本体以及设于所述诊台本体前侧的消杀隔离装置，所述消杀隔离装置包括顶盖以及支撑于所述顶盖两端的支撑体，且所述顶盖与所述支撑体围成供患者就诊的半隔离空间，所述消杀隔离装置设有从所述顶盖延伸至所述诊台本体的流道腔室，所述流道腔室内设有杀菌过滤单元和风机，所述顶盖的底部设有与所述风机的进口相连通的抽风口，所述诊台本体的台面设有与所述风机的出口相连通的出风口。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的半隔离诊台，其中，所述支撑体包括支撑台以及落于所述支撑台上方的风机箱，所述顶盖架设于两个所述风机箱的顶部并连接两个所述风机箱，所述顶盖设有顶部腔室，所述风机箱设有中部腔室，所述支撑台设有底部腔室，所述顶部腔室、所述中部腔室以及所述底部腔室依次连通构成所述流道腔室，所述抽风口与所述顶部腔室相连通，所述风机设于所述中部腔室内，所述杀菌过滤单元设于所述中部腔室或所述顶部腔室内。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的半隔离诊台，其中，所述诊台本体包括柜体和台面板，所述柜体设为至少两个，所述台面板铺设于两个所述柜体的顶部并连接两个所述柜体，所述出风口设于所述台面板上，两个所述柜体之间还连接有与所述流道腔室相连通的风道凹槽，所述出风口正对所述风道凹槽的槽口。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的半隔离诊台，其中，所述风道凹槽的长度大于或等于所述半隔离空间的宽度。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的半隔离诊台，其中，所述出风口设有使风帘向所述半隔离空间倾斜的导风格栅，且所述风帘与所述风道凹槽的法线方向的夹角为15°至25°。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的半隔离诊台，其中，所述风帘的风速为2m/s至4m/s。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的半隔离诊台，其中，所述杀菌过滤单元包括初效滤网、高压静电滤网、活性炭滤网以及高效滤网。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的半隔离诊台，其中，所述半隔离诊台还设有控制单元，所述控制单元包括主控模块和触摸屏，所述风机、所述触摸屏与所述主控模块电连接。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的半隔离诊台，其中，所述控制单元还包括有与所述主控模块电连接的检测模块。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的半隔离诊台，其中，所述触摸屏设于所述支撑体朝向医生的侧面。
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