Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D209/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
  • C07D209/56—Ring systems containing three or more rings
  • C07D209/58—[b]- or [c]-condensed
  • C07D209/60—Naphtho [b] pyrroles; Hydrogenated naphtho [b] pyrroles
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D209/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
  • C07D209/56—Ring systems containing three or more rings
  • C07D209/80—[b, c]- or [b, d]-condensed
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/40—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil
  • A61K31/403—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. carbazole
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
  • A61P11/06—Antiasthmatics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
  • A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
  • A61P37/08—Antiallergic agents

Definitions

• This invention relates to a modulator of the retinoid-related orphan receptor RORy and methods for using said modulator.
• the compound described herein can be particularly useful for treating a variety of diseases and disorders in humans and animals.
• Exemplary' disorders include, but are not limited to, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory' bowel disease, Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, acute graft-versus-host disease, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SEE), lupus nephritis (LN), Sjogren’s syndrome and multiple sclerosis.
• SEE systemic lupus erythematosus
• LN lupus nephritis
• Sjogren’s syndrome and multiple sclerosis.
• the retinoid-related orphan receptors, RORa, RGRb, nd RORy. play an important role in numerous biological processes including organ development, immunity, metabolism, and circadian rhythms. See, for example, Dussault et al. in Mech. Dev.
• RORy is expressed in several tissues including the thymus, kidney, liver, and muscle. TWO isoforms of RORy have been identified: RORyl and RORy2 (also known, respectively, as RORy and RORyt). See, for example, Hirose et al. in Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. (1994) vol. 205, 1976-1983; Oritz et al. in Mol. Endocrinol. (1995) vol. 9, 1679-1691; and He et al. in Immunity (1998) vol. 9, 797-806.
• RORyt is restricted to lymphoid cell types including CD4+CD8+ thymocytes, IL-17 producing T helper (Thl7) cells, lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) cells, and gd cells.
• Thl7 CD4+CD8+ thymocytes
• IL-17 producing T helper (Thl7) cells IL-17 producing T helper (Thl7) cells
• LTi lymphoid tissue inducer
• gd cells gd cells.
• Thl7, gd, and LTi cells differentiation of Thl7, gd, and LTi cells. See, for example, Sun et al. in Science (2000) vo!. 288, 2369-2373; Ivanov et al. in Ceil (2006) vo!. 126, 1121-1133; Eberl et al. in Nat. Immunol. (2004) vol. 5, 64-73; Ivanov et al. in Semin. Immunol. (2007) vol. 19, 409-417; and Cua and Tato in Nat. Rev. Immunol. (2010) vol. 10, 479-489.
• IL-17A also referred to as IL-17
• 1L-17F Proinflammatory cytokines
• IL-22 produced by Thl7 cells and other RORy+ lymphocytes activate and direct the immune response to extracellular pathogens.
• IL-17A also referred to as IL-17
• 1L-17F Proinflammatory cytokines
• IL-22 produced by Thl7 cells and other RORy+ lymphocytes activate and direct the immune response to extracellular pathogens.
• RORy directly regulates IL-17 transcription and disruption of RORy in mice attenuates IL-17 production. See, for example, Ivanov et al. in Cell (2006) vol. 126, 1121- 1133.
• Dysregulated production of IL-17 has been implicated in several human autoimmune and inflammatory diseases including multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and lupus nephritis (LN), Sjogren's syndrome and asthma.
• IBD inflammatory bowel disease
• SLE Systemic lupus erythematosus
• LN lupus nephritis
• Sjogren's syndrome and asthma. See, for example, Lock et al. in Nat. Med. (2002) vol. 8, 500-508; Tzartos et al. in Am. J. Pathol. (2008) vol. 172, 146- 155; Kotake et al. in J. Clin. Invest (1999) vol. 103, 1345-1352; Kirkham et al.
• Disruption of RORy in mice also attenuates disease progression or severity in animal models of autoimmunity and inflammation including experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), imiquimod induced psoriasis, colitis, Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and lupus nephritis (LN), Sjogren's syndrome and allergic airway disease.
• EAE experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
• SLE Systemic lupus erythematosus
• LN lupus nephritis
• Sjogren's syndrome Sjogren's syndrome and allergic airway disease.
• Therapeutic agents exist to treat a variety of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, but there still remains a significant unmet medical need in these therapeutic areas.
• IL-17 in human disease
• RORy as targets in murine disease models
• compounds capable of modulating RORyt activity are contemplated to provide a therapeutic benefit in the treatment of multiple immune and inflammatory disorders.
• the compound of th e invention has been found to be capabl e of modulating RORyt activity while not forming a GSH adduct based on in vitro experiments.
• Formation of a GSH adduct may not be a desirable characteristic because of the potential formation of metabolites.
• the invention comprises the compound of the formula (I),
• the invention includes stereoisomers, solvates or prodrugs thereof.
• the invention comprises the compound of the formula (I),
• the invention comprises pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compound according to formula (1), stereoisomeric form or a
• the invention comprises methods for modulating RORy in a cell comprising contacting the cell with an effective amount of the compound according to formula (I), stereoisomeric form or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, as described herein.
• This aspect may be conducted in vitro or in vivo.
• the invention comprises methods for treating a subject suffering from a disease or disorder modulated by RORy, the method comprising administering to a subject a therapeutically effective amount of the compound according to formula (I), or a stereoisomeric form, pharmaceutically acceptable salt or pharmaceutical composition as described herein.
• the invention comprises a method for treating a disease or disorder selected from an inflammatory' disease or disorder, an autoimmune disease or disorder, an allergic disease or disorder, a metabolic disease or disorder, and/or cancer in a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the compound according to formula (I), or a stereoisomeric form,
• the invention comprises the compound of formula (I),
• the invention provides a pharmaceutical composition, comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of the invention or a stereoisomer, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a solvate thereof.
• the invention provides a process for making the compound of the invention or a stereoisomer, pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a solvate thereof.
• the invention provides the compound of the present invention for use in therapy.
• the invention provides a combined preparation of the compound of the present invention and additional therapeutic agent(s) for simultaneous, separate or sequential use in therapy.
• the invention provides the compound of the present invention for use in treating diseases (or a method of treating diseases) in which inflammation is a component including, without limitation, diseases such as psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, acute graft-versus-host disease, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and multiple sclerosis.
• diseases such as psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, acute graft-versus-host disease, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and multiple sclerosis.
• the compound of formula I may exist in a free form (with no ionization) or can form salts which are also within the scope of this invention. Unless otherwise indicated, reference to an inventive compound is understood to include reference to the free form and to salts thereof.
• the term "salt(s)" denotes basic salt(s) formed with inorganic and/or organic bases.
• Pharmaceutically acceptable (i.e., non-toxic, physiologically acceptable) salts are preferred, such as, for example, acceptable metal and amine salts in which the cation does not contribute significantly to the toxicity or biological activity of the salt.
• other salts may be useful, e.g., in isolation or purification steps which may be employed during preparation, and thus are contemplated within the scope of the invention.
• Salts of the compound of formula 1 may be formed, for example, by reacting the compound of the formula I with an amount of base, such as an equivalent amount, in a medium such as one in which the salt precipitates or in an aqueous medium followed by lyophilization.
• Exemplary basic salts include ammonium salts, alkali metal salts such as sodium, lithium, and potassium salts; alkaline earth metal salts such as calcium and magnesium salts; barium, zinc, and aluminum salts; salts with organic bases (for example, organic amines) such as trialkylamines such as triethylamine, procaine, dibenzylamine, N-benzyl- b-pheneihylamine, ephenamme, N-N'-dibenzylethylene-diamine, dehydroabietylamine, N- ethylpiperidine, benzylamine, dicyclohexylamine or similar pharmaceutically acceptable amines and salts with amino acids such as arginine, lysine and the like.
• organic bases for example, organic amines
• trialkylamines such as triethylamine, procaine, dibenzylamine, N-benzyl- b-pheneihylamine, ephenam
• phrases "pharmaceutically acceptable” is employed herein to refer to those compounds, materials, compositions, and/or dosage forms which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of human beings and animals without excessive toxicity', irritation, allergic response, or other problem or complication, commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio.
• pharmaceutically acceptable salts refer to derivatives of the disclosed compound wherein the parent compound is modified by making base salts thereof.
• examples of pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, but are not limited to, alkali or organic salts of the carboxylic acid.
• the pharmaceutically acceptable salts include the conventional non-toxic salts or the quaternary ammonium salts of the parent compound formed, for example, from non-toxic inorganic or organic bases.
• the pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the present invention can be synthesized from the parent compound, which contains an acidic moiety, by conventional chemical methods.
• such salts can be prepared by reacting the free acid form of the compound with a stoichiometric amount of the appropriate base in water or in an organic solvent, or in a mixture of the two; generally, nonaqueous media like ether, ethyl acetate, ethanol, isopropanol, or acetonitrile are preferred.
• nonaqueous media like ether, ethyl acetate, ethanol, isopropanol, or acetonitrile are preferred.
• Lists of suitable salts are found in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 18th Edition, Mack Publishing Company, Easton, PA (1990), the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
• Prodrugs and sol vates of the inventi ve compound are also contemplated.
• the term "prodrug” denotes a compound which, upon administration to a subject, undergoes chemical conversion by metabolic or chemical processes to yield the compound of formula I, and/or a salt and/or solvate thereof. Any compound that will be converted in vivo to provide the bioactive agent (i.e., the compound for formula I) is a prodrug within the scope and spint of the invention.
• the carboxylic acid group of the compound of formula 1 can form physiologically hydrolyzable esters which serve as prodrugs by being hydrolyzedin the body to yield the compound of formula l per se.
• prodrugs are preferably administered orally since hydrolysis in many instances occurs principally under the influence of digestive enzymes.
• Parenteral administration may be used where the ester per se is active, or in those instances where hydrolysis occurs in the blood.
• physiologically hydrolyzable esters of compounds of formula I include C 1-6 alkylbenzyl, 4-methoxy benzyl, indany!, phthalyl, methoxymethyl, C 1-6 alkanoyioxy- C 1-6 alkyl, e.g, acetoxymethyl, pivaloyloxymethyi or
• esters used, for example, in the penicillin and cephalosporin arts. Such esters may be prepared by conventional techniques known in the art.
• prodrug derivatives are well known in the art.
• prodrug derivatives see:
• compositions described herein generally comprise a combination of the compound described herein and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent, or excipient.
• a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier e.g., benzyl alcohol, benzyl ether, benzyl ether, benzyl ether, benzyl ether, benzyl ether, benzyl ether, benzyl ether, benzyl ether, sulfate, a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent, or excipient.
• the pharmaceutical compositions described herein are solid pharmaceutical compositions (e.g., tablets, capsules, etc.).
• compositions can be prepared in a manner well known in the art.
• Administration may be topical (including ophthalmic and to mucous membranes including intranasal, vaginal and rectal delivery), pulmonary (e.g., by inhalation or insufflation of powders or aerosols, including by nebulizer, intratracheal, intranasal, epidermal and transdermal), ocular, oral or parenteral.
• Methods for ocular delivery can include topical administration (eye drops), subconjunctival, periocular or intravitreal injection or introduction by balloon catheter or ophthalmic inserts surgically placed in the conjunctival sac.
• Parenteral administration includes intravenous, intraarterial, subcutaneous, intraperitoneal or intramuscular injection or infusion; or intracranial, e.g, intrathecal or intraventricular, administration.
• Parenteral administration can be in the form of a single bolus dose, or may be, for example, by a continuous perfusion pump.
• compositions and formulations for topical administration may include transdermal patches, ointments, lotions, creams, gels, drops, suppositories, sprays, liquids and pow'ders.
• Conventional pharmaceutical carriers, aqueous, powder or oily bases, thickeners and the like may be necessary or desirable.
• compositions can contain, as the active ingredient, the compound described herein above in combination with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable earners.
• the active ingredient is typically mixed with an excipient, diluted by an excipient or enclosed within such a carrier in the form of for example, a capsule, sachet, paper, or other container.
• the excipient serves as a diluent, it can be a solid, semi-solid, or liquid material, which acts as a vehicle, carrier or medium for the active ingredient.
• compositions can be in the form of tablets, pills, powders, lozenges, sachets, cachets, elixirs, suspensions, emulsions, solutions, syrups, aerosols (as a solid or in a liquid medium), ointments containing, for example, up to 10% by weight of the active compound, soft and hard gelatin capsules, suppositories, sterile injectable solutions, and sterile packaged powders.
• the active compound can be milled to provide the appropriate particle size prior to combining with the other ingredients. If the active compound is substantially insoluble, it can be nulled to a particle size of less than 200 mesh. If the active compound is substantially water soluble, the particle size can be adjusted by milling to provide a substantially uniform distribution in the formulation, e.g, about 40 mesh.
• excipients include lactose, dextrose, sucrose, sorbitol, mannitol, starches, gum acacia, calcium phosphate, alginates, tragacanth, gelatin, calcium silicate, microciystalline cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, cellulose, water, syrup, and methyl cellulose.
• the formulations can additionally include: lubricating agents such as talc, magnesium stearate, and mineral oil; wetting agents; emulsifying and suspending agents; preserving agents such as methyl- and propylhydroxy -benzoates; sweetening agents; and flavoring agents.
• the compositions described herein can be formulated so as to provide quick, sustained or delayed release of the active ingredient after administration to the subject by employing procedures known in the art.
• the active compound can be effective over a wide dosage range and is generally administered in a pharmaceutically effective amount. It will be understood, however, that the amount of the compound actually administered will usually be determined by a physician, according to the relevant circumstances, including the condition to be treated, the chosen route of administration, the actual compound administered, the age, weight, and response of the individual subject, the severity of the subject's symptoms, and the like.
• the principal active ingredient is mixed with a pharmaceutical excipient to form a solid preformulation composition containing a homogeneous mixture of a compound described herein.
• a pharmaceutical excipient for preparing solid compositions such as tablets, the principal active ingredient is mixed with a pharmaceutical excipient to form a solid preformulation composition containing a homogeneous mixture of a compound described herein.
• the active ingredient is typically dispersed evenly throughout the composition so that the composition can be readily- subdivided into equally effective unit dosage forms such as tablets, pills and capsules.
• This solid preformulation is then subdivided into unit dosage forms of the type described above containing from, for example, 0.1 to about 500 mg of the active ingredient of a compound described herein.
• the tablets or pills can be coated or otherwise compounded to provide a dosage form affording the advantage of prolonged action.
• the tablet or pill can comprise an inner dosage and an outer dosage component, the latter being in the form of an envelope over the former.
• the two components can be separated by an enteric layer which serves to resist disintegration in the stomach and permit the inner component to pass intact into the duodenum or to be delayed in release.
• enteric layers or coatings such materials including a number of polymeric acids and mixtures of polymeric acids with such materials as shellac, cetyl alcohol, and cellulose acetate.
• liquid forms in which the compound and compositions can be incorporated for administration orally or by in j ection include aqueous solutions, suitably flavored syrups, aqueous or oil suspensions, and flavored emulsions with edible oils such as cottonseed oil, sesame oil, coconut oil, or peanut oil, as well as elixirs and similar pharmaceutical vehicles.
• compositions for inhalation or insufflation include solutions and suspensions in pharmaceutically acceptable, aqueous or organic solvents, or mixtures thereof, and powders.
• the liquid or solid compositions may contain suitable pharmaceutically acceptable excipients as described supra in some embodiments, the compositions are administered by the oral or nasal respiratory route for local or systemic effect.
• compositions in can be nebulized by use of inert gases. Nebulized solutions may be breathed directly from the nebulizing device or the nebulizing device can be attached to a face masks tent, or intermittent positive pressure breathing machine. Solution, suspension, or powder compositions can be administered orally or nasally from devices which deliver the formulation in an appropriate manner.
• compositions can be administered to a subject already suffering from a disease in an amount sufficient to cure or at least partially arrest the symptoms of the disease and its complications. Effective doses will depend on the disease condition being treated as well as by the judgment of the attending clinician depending upon factors such as the severity of the disease, the age, weight and general condition of the subject, and the like.
• compositions administered to a subject can be in th feorm of pharmaceutical compositions described above. These compositions can be sterilized by conventional sterilization techniques, or may be sterile filtered. Aqueous solutions can be packaged for use as is, or lyoplnlized, the lyoplnlized preparation being combined with a sterile aqueous carrier prior to administration.
• the pH of the compound preparations typically will be between 3 and 11 , more preferably from 5 to 9 and most preferably from 7 to 8. It will be understood that use of certain of the foregoing excipients, earners, or stabilizers will result in the formation of pharmaceutically acceptable salts.
• the therapeutic dosage of the compound can vary according to, for example, the particular use for which the treatment is made, the manner of administration of the compound, the health and condition of the subject, and the judgment of the prescribing physician.
• the proportion or concentration of a compound described herein in a pharmaceutical composition can vary depending upon a number of factors including dosage, chemical characteristics (e.g., hydrophobicity), and the route of administration.
• the compound described herein can be provided in an aqueous physiological buffer solution containing about 0 1 to about 10% w/v of the compound for parenteral adminis tration . Some typical dose ranges are from about 1 pg/'kg to about 1 g/kg of body weight per day.
• the dose range is from about 0.01 mg/kg to about 100 mg/kg of body weight per day.
• the dosage is likely to depend on such variables as the type and extent of progression of the disease or disorder, the overall health status of the particular subject, the biological efficacy of the compound, formulation of the excipient, and its route of administration. Effective doses can be extrapolated from dose-response curves derived from //? vitro or animal model test systems.
• the compound of the present invention is useful to prevent, diagnose, and treat various medical disorders in humans or animals.
• the compound is used to inhibit or reduce one or more activities associated with RORy receptors, relative to RORy receptors in the absence of the same compound.
• a method for treating a disease or disorder selected from an autoimmune disease or disorder, asthma, an allergic disease or disorder, a metabolic disease or disorder, and cancer in a subject comprises administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, or
• the autoimmune disease or disorder is selected from rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis, multiple sclerosis, inflammatory' bowel diseases Sjogren's syndrome and lupus.
• the allergic disease or disorder is selected from allergic rhinitis and dermatitis.
• the metabolic disease or disorder is selected from obesity , obesity -induced insulin resistance and type IT diabetes.
• the disease or disorder is rheumatoid arthritis.
• the disease or disorder is multiple sclerosis.
• the disease or disorder is ankylosing spondylitis.
• the disease or disorder is inflammatory bowel disease.
• the disease or disorder is lupus.
• the disease or disorder is Sjogren's syndrome.
• the disease or disorder is psoriasis.
• the disease or disorder is psoriatic arthritis.
• the disease or disorder is graft-vs.-host disease (GVHD).
• GVHD graft-vs.-host disease
• the disease or disorder is autoimmune uveitis.
• the disease or disorder is obesity and/or insulin resistance.
• the disease or disorder is melanoma.
• the medical disorder being diagnosed, treated, or prevented by use of the presently disclosed compound can be, for example, an autoimmune disorder.
• the disorder being diagnosed, treated or prevented by use of the presently disclosed compound can be an inflammatory disorder.
• the disorder is selected from arthritis, diabetes, multiple sclerosis, uveitis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, asthma, bronchitis, allergic rhinitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, atherosclerosis, H. pylori infection and inflammatory bowel disease.
• the disorder is selected from Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, sprue and food allergies. In other embodiments, the disorder is autoimmune
• the phrase“therapeutically effective amount” refers to the amount of active compound or pharmaceutical agent that elicits the biological or medicinal response that is being sought in a tissue, system, animal, individual or human by a researcher, veterinarian, medical doctor or other clinician.
• a therapeutically effecti ve amount can be an amount suitable for (1) preventing the disease; for example, preventing a disease, condition or disorder in an individual who may be predisposed to the disease, condition or disorder but does not yet experience or display the pathology or symptomatology' of the disease; (2) inhibiting the disease; for example, inhibiting a disease, condition or disorder in an individual who is experiencing or displaying the pathology or symptomatology of the disease, condition or disorder; or (3) ameliorating the disease; for example, ameliorating a disease, condition or disorder in an individual who is experiencing or displaying the pathology or symptomatology of the disease, condition or disorder (i.e., reversing the pathology' and/or symptomatology) such as decreasing the severity of disease.
• treatment means (i) ameliorating the referenced disease state, for example, ameliorating a disease, condition or disorder in an individual who is experiencing or displaying the pathology or symptomatology of the disease, condition or disorder (i.e., reversing or improving the pathology and/or symptomatology) such as decreasing the severity of disease; (ii) eliciting the biological or medicinal response that is being sought in a tissue, system, animal, individual or human by a researcher, veterinarian, medical doctor or other clinician; or (in) inhibiting the referenced disease state; for example, inhibiting a disease, condition or disorder in an individual who is experiencing or displaying the pathology or symptomatology of the disease, condition or disorder.
• the compound of the present invention may be synthesized by many methods available to those skilled in the art of organic chemistry.
• One example of a method of preparation is shown in the Example below. Different methods to prepare the compound of the present invention will be evident to those skilled in the art. Frequently chemists skilled in the art of synthesis may devise alternative preparations which may be desirable based on one or more considerations such as shorter reaction time, less expensive starting materials, ease of operation or isolation, improved yield, suitability to catalysis, avoidance of toxic reagents, accessibility of specialized instrumentation, decreased number of linear steps, etc.
• a homoehiral compound or intermediate may be carried out by techniques known to one skilled in the art.
• a homoehiral compound may be prepared by separation of racemic products or diastereomers by chiral phase preparative chromatography.
• the compound may be prepared by methods known to give enantiomerically or diastereomencally enriched products.
• the reactions and techniques used to prepare the compound of the present invention are performed in solvents appropriate to the reagents and materials employed and are suitable for the transformations being effected. All reaction conditions, including choice of solvent, reaction atmosphere, reaction temperature, duration of the experiment and work up procedures, are chosen to be the conditions standard for that reaction, which should be readily recognized by one skilled in the art.
• Step 1 Preparation of 2,2,2-trifluoro- 1 -((3aR,9bR)-7 -(perfluoropropan-2-yl)-9b- (phenylsulfonyl)-1,2,3a,4,5,9b-hexahydro-3H-benzo(e]indol-3-yl)ethan-1-one
• reaction mixture was diluted with DCM (40 mL), washed sequentially with 0.2 N HC1 (2x50 mL),water (2x40 mL), and brine (50 mL), dried and concentrated to give 2,2,2-trifluoro-l- ((3aR,9bR)-7-(perfluoropropan-2-yl)-9b-(phenylsulfonyl)-l,2,3a,4,5,9b-hexahydro-3H- benzo[e]indol-3-yl)ethan-l-one as a yellow solid (1.9 g, 96% yield) which was used in the next step without further purification.
• Steps 2 and 3 Preparation of l -((3aR,9bR)-8-amino-7-(perfluoropropan-2-yl)-9b- (phenylsulfonyl)-l,2,3a,4,5,9b-hexahydro-3H-benzo[e]indol-3-yl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethan-l - one
• Steps 6 and 7 Preparation of (lR,3,S , ,4R)-4-((3aR,9bR)-8-fluoro-7-(perfluoropropan-2- yl)-9b-(phenylsulfonyl)-2,3,3a,4,5,9b-hexahydro-1H -benzo[e]indole-3-carbonyl) ⁇ 3- methylcyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid
• Inverse agonist activity of potential ligands to RORy was measured by inhibition of luminescence in a Gal4-luciferase reporter assay in Jurkat cells.
• Jurkat cells stably over-expressing the RORy receptor were plated at a concentration of 10,000 cells/well in a 384- well solid white cell culture plate (Perkin Elmer #6007899) in assay buffer RPMI 1640 (Gibco 11875-085 1L ) containing 0.1% BSA, 100X HEPES (Gibco 15360-080), 100 mM sodium pyruvate (Gibco 1 1360-040), 50 mg/mL Hygromycin B (Invitrogen 10687- 010) and 10 mg/mL blasticidin (Invitrogen R210-01 ). 100 nL of test compound in a 3- fold serial dilution, with final concentrations ranging from 40 mM to 0 67 nM, were added to the cells which were then incubated overnight.
• IC 50 values were determined. The IC 50 value is defined as the concentration of test compound needed to reduce luciferase activity by 50% and is calculated using the four parameter logistic equation to fit the normalized data. IC 50 values for Compound 1 and for reference Compound A in the RORy Gal4 reporter assay is provided below. Compound A is disclosed and claimed in U.S. Patent No. 9,815,859.

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