WO2019219120A1 - Wheel hub-wheel axle arrangement for mounting a vehicle wheel - Google Patents

Wheel hub-wheel axle arrangement for mounting a vehicle wheel Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019219120A1
WO2019219120A1 PCT/DE2019/100388 DE2019100388W WO2019219120A1 WO 2019219120 A1 WO2019219120 A1 WO 2019219120A1 DE 2019100388 W DE2019100388 W DE 2019100388W WO 2019219120 A1 WO2019219120 A1 WO 2019219120A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wheel
axle
hub
wheel hub
arrangement
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE2019/100388
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Paul BAERENSTECHER
Jens Heim
Original Assignee
Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG filed Critical Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG
Publication of WO2019219120A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019219120A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/54—Systems consisting of a plurality of bearings with rolling friction
    • F16C19/541—Systems consisting of juxtaposed rolling bearings including at least one angular contact bearing
    • F16C19/542—Systems consisting of juxtaposed rolling bearings including at least one angular contact bearing with two rolling bearings with angular contact
    • F16C19/543—Systems consisting of juxtaposed rolling bearings including at least one angular contact bearing with two rolling bearings with angular contact in O-arrangement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/22—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings
    • F16C19/34—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load
    • F16C19/38—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of rollers
    • F16C19/383—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of rollers with tapered rollers, i.e. rollers having essentially the shape of a truncated cone
    • F16C19/385—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of rollers with tapered rollers, i.e. rollers having essentially the shape of a truncated cone with two rows, i.e. double-row tapered roller bearings
    • F16C19/386—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of rollers with tapered rollers, i.e. rollers having essentially the shape of a truncated cone with two rows, i.e. double-row tapered roller bearings in O-arrangement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/52—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with devices affected by abnormal or undesired conditions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/54—Systems consisting of a plurality of bearings with rolling friction
    • F16C19/546—Systems with spaced apart rolling bearings including at least one angular contact bearing
    • F16C19/547—Systems with spaced apart rolling bearings including at least one angular contact bearing with two angular contact rolling bearings
    • F16C19/548—Systems with spaced apart rolling bearings including at least one angular contact bearing with two angular contact rolling bearings in O-arrangement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C41/00—Other accessories, e.g. devices integrated in the bearing not relating to the bearing function as such
    • F16C41/007—Encoders, e.g. parts with a plurality of alternating magnetic poles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B27/00—Hubs
    • B60B27/0078—Hubs characterised by the fixation of bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2326/00—Articles relating to transporting
    • F16C2326/01—Parts of vehicles in general
    • F16C2326/02—Wheel hubs or castors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a wheel hub / wheel axle arrangement with a wheel axle, a wheel hub for supporting a vehicle wheel on the wheel axle and a roller bearing unit with roller bearings for mounting the wheel hub on a journal of the wheel axle.
  • Document DE 10 2014 200 714 A1 describes a corresponding wheel hub / wheel axle arrangement for commercial vehicles (designated as utility vehicles there).
  • this arrangement further comprises a measuring arrangement for Determining the position of the wheel hub relative to the wheel axle by means of a distance measurement of the distance between an axle component of the wheel axle, in particular the axle journal, on the one hand and a structure of the wheel hub on the other hand.
  • the measuring arrangement for determining the position of the wheel hub relative to the wheel axle by means of a distance measurement of the distance between the axle component and the wheel hub structure is a type of sensor for determining wheel forces, which can be integrated particularly well into the wheel hub / wheel axle arrangement.
  • the measuring arrangement has measuring elements which are arranged distributed in a circumferentially distributed manner with respect to a rotation axis predetermined by the wheel axis.
  • the measuring arrangement is arranged fixed to the axis with respect to the wheel axle.
  • the measuring arrangement is attached, in particular, directly to the wheel axle, for example to the axle journal.
  • the measuring arrangement is set up to measure the distance by inductive measurement or eddy current measurement.
  • the measuring elements are eddy current sensors. These sensors are in the class of contactless distance meters. If a conductive body is moved in a magnetic field, eddy currents occur in this field because a voltage is induced in the conductive material. With this principle, lengths and thicknesses of electrically conductive materials in the range between 0.5 mm and 140 mm can be determined.
  • At least one magnetic sensor e.g.
  • MR magnetoresistive
  • the measuring arrangement is set up to measure the distance by ultrasound.
  • the measuring elements are ultrasonic distance sensors.
  • the structure of the wheel hub is formed by a surface of the wheel hub or an attachment to the wheel hub, in particular a sheet steel ring.
  • roller bearings of the rolling bearing unit are designed as tapered roller bearings.
  • tapered roller bearings are known for wheel bearings for commercial vehicles and have proven themselves for this application.
  • the wheel hub wheel axle arrangement further comprises a measuring device for measuring the angle of the wheel hub relative to the wheel axle. This makes it possible to combine the distance measurement with an angle measurement of the wheel hub relative to the wheel axle.
  • the invention further relates to the use of an abovementioned wheel hub / wheel axle arrangement for determining data on occurring wheel forces of a vehicle wheel during driving, in particular in autonomous driving, by means of a distance measurement.
  • the corresponding vehicle is in particular a utility vehicle (utility vehicle), such as a truck, trailer or bus. Under wheel forces are to be understood in this context, especially the external forces on the hub.
  • the position of the wheel hub relative to the wheel axle is determined for determining the wheel forces from the measured distances.
  • the distance measurement is combined with an angle measurement of the wheel hub relative to the wheel axle.
  • FIG. 2 shows a sectional drawing of a wheel hub / wheel axle arrangement shown in detail in accordance with a further embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 1 shows the essential components of a wheel hub Radachsen- arrangement 10 for supporting a vehicle wheel on a wheel axle in a kind of half-section.
  • the vehicle wheel is not shown.
  • the wheel hub / wheel axle arrangement 10 comprises the actual wheel hub 12, a roller bearing unit 14 with two rolling bearings 16, 18 for supporting the wheel hub 12 on a journal 20 of the wheel axle, which is represented by the imaginary axis of rotation A.
  • the rolling bearing unit 14 may be constructed, for example, as a double-row angular contact bearing, as shown in FIG.
  • a measuring arrangement 24 for determining the position of the wheel hub 12 is mounted relative to the wheel axle. The position is determined by means of a distance measurement between a structure 26 of the wheel hub 12 on the one hand and the position of the measuring arrangement 24 on the axle journal 20 on the other hand.
  • the structure 26 of the wheel hub 12 is formed directly by an electrically conductive component of the wheel hub 12.
  • the measuring arrangement 24 has measuring elements arranged distributed in a circumferentially distributed manner.
  • the measuring arrangement 24 can be designed, for example, as a ring which surrounds the axle journal 20 in an axle section, on which the measuring elements are distributed in a circumferentially distributed manner.
  • the measuring arrangement 24 is configured, for example, to measure the distance by means of eddy current measurement.
  • the measuring elements of the measuring arrangement 24 are designed as eddy-current sensors.
  • the measured variable "distance 5 as well as the variable to be determined” relative position S of the wheel hub 12 relative to the wheel axle "and the quantity" wheel force F "to be determined are respectively the axial and radial components ö a , Sa, F a ; ries, Sr, Fr determined.
  • FIG. 2 shows a wheel hub / wheel axle arrangement 10 shown in detail in a sectional drawing.
  • deformations of the axle journal are also As well as components of the rolling bearings 16, 18 in response to the occurring wheel forces shown greatly exaggerated.
  • the two rolling bearings 16, 18 of the rolling bearing unit 14 are formed in the example shown in FIG. 2 as a tapered roller bearing 28, 30 and arranged in an O arrangement.
  • Each of the rolling bearings 16, 18 has an outer ring 32, a plurality of rolling elements 34 and an inner ring 36.
  • the outer rings 32 of the rolling bearings 16, 18 are fitted in the wheel hub 10.
  • the rolling elements 34 inserted in a rolling element cage (not shown) are guided on the outer side on the respective outer ring 32 and on the inner side on the respective inner ring 36 and can roll on it.
  • the rolling elements 34 are configured in the example as tapered rollers.
  • the right in the figure, axial end of Radna- 12 is a gearbox side end. An axial end of the wheel hub 12 opposite the transmission-side end is a wheel-side end.
  • the outer rings 32 are supported in a position designated as a collar width at a respective shoulder within the hub 12 in a position relative to one another. Due to the axial clamping of the inner rings 36, a defined bearing play of the rolling bearing unit 14 sets in. The wheel hub 12 with the rolling bearing unit 14 can subsequently be mounted on the journal 20 (also called steering knuckle).
  • the wheel-hub axle arrangement 10 is intended for use in trucks, trailers, buses and other commercial vehicles.
  • the distance / pitch change measurement is to be made via an eddy current sensor which is aimed directly at a flat surface of the hub or at an additional component (e.g., sheet steel ring).
  • an eddy current sensor which is aimed directly at a flat surface of the hub or at an additional component (e.g., sheet steel ring).
  • at least one magnetic sensor e.g. Level sensor or MR sensor (MR: magnetoresistive) used.
  • the distance measurement is combined with an angle measurement of the wheel hub 12 relative to the wheel axle or the axle journal 20 of this wheel axle in order to reduce the influences of component tolerances on the distance measurement.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a wheel hub-wheel axle arrangement (10) comprising a wheel axle, a wheel hub (12) for mounting a vehicle wheel on the wheel axle, and a rolling bearing unit (14) having rolling bearings (16, 18) for mounting the wheel hub (12) on an axle journal (20) of the wheel axle. According to the invention, the wheel hub-wheel axle arrangement (10) also comprises a measurement arrangement (24) for determining the position of the wheel hub (12) relative to the wheel axle by measuring the distance between a structure (26) of the wheel hub (12) on the one hand and an axle component of the wheel axle, in particular the axle journal (20), on the other hand. The invention also relates to a use of such a wheel hub-wheel axle arrangement (10) for obtaining data about vehicle wheel forces occurring during driving, in particular during autonomous driving, by means of a distance measurement.

Description

Radnaben-Radachsen-Anordnung zur Lagerung eines Fahrzeuqrades  Hub-wheel axle arrangement for the storage of a Fahrzeuqrades
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Radnaben-Radachsen-Anordnung mit einer Radachse, ei- ner Radnabe zur Lagerung eines Fahrzeugrades an der Radachse und einer Wälzla- gereinheit mit Wälzlagern zur Lagerung der Radnabe auf einem Achszapfen der Rad- achse. The invention relates to a wheel hub / wheel axle arrangement with a wheel axle, a wheel hub for supporting a vehicle wheel on the wheel axle and a roller bearing unit with roller bearings for mounting the wheel hub on a journal of the wheel axle.
Die Druckschrift DE 10 2014 200 714 A1 beschreibt eine entsprechende Radnaben- Radachsen-Anordnung für (dort als Nutzkraftfahrzeuge bezeichnete) Nutzfahrzeuge. Document DE 10 2014 200 714 A1 describes a corresponding wheel hub / wheel axle arrangement for commercial vehicles (designated as utility vehicles there).
Für Nutzfahrzeuge wie Lastkraftwagen, Trailer und Busse werden derzeit verschiede- ne Systeme für das Autonome Fahren entwickelt. Für die Steuerung dieser Systeme werden im Wesentlichen fernwirkenden Sensoren wie Radar, Laser, Ultraschall, Ka- mera, etc. verwendet. In Zukunft ist in diesem Zusammenhang ein noch höherer Be- darf an zusätzlichen Sensordaten zu erwarten. Vor allem die Radkräfte sind von Inte- resse, Vibration und Temperatur sollen jedoch auch gemessen werden. For commercial vehicles such as trucks, trailers and buses, various systems for autonomous driving are currently being developed. Essentially remote-sensing sensors such as radar, laser, ultrasound, camera, etc. are used to control these systems. In the future, an even higher demand for additional sensor data is expected in this context. Above all, the wheel forces are of interest, but vibration and temperature should also be measured.
Es ist die Aufgabe der Erfindung eine Radnaben-Radachsen-Anordnung anzugeben, die bei im Wesentlichen gleichem Aufbau diesem erhöhten Bedarf an Sensordaten Rechnung trägt. Es ist weiterhin Aufgabe der Erfindung eine entsprechende Verwen- dung dieser Radnaben-Radachsen-Anordnung anzugeben. It is the object of the invention to provide a hub-wheel axle arrangement, which takes into account this increased need for sensor data with substantially the same structure. It is a further object of the invention to provide a corresponding use of this hub-wheel axle arrangement.
Die Lösung der Aufgabe erfolgt erfindungsgemäß durch eine Radnaben-Radachsen- Anordnung mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 und eine entsprechende Verwen- dung mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 8. Bevorzugte Ausgestaltungen der Erfin- dung sind in den Unteransprüchen und der nachfolgenden Beschreibung angegeben, die jeweils einzeln oder in Kombination einen Aspekt der Erfindung darstellen können. The object is achieved according to the invention by a wheel hub / wheel axle arrangement having the features of claim 1 and a corresponding use with the features of claim 8. Preferred embodiments of the invention are specified in the subclaims and the following description, which respectively individually or in combination may represent an aspect of the invention.
Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Radnaben-Radachsen-Anordnung mit einer Radachse, einer Radnabe zur Lagerung eines Fahrzeugrades an der Radachse und einer Wälz- lagereinheit mit Wälzlagern zur Lagerung der Radnabe auf einem Achszapfen der Radachse ist vorgesehen, dass diese Anordnung weiterhin eine Messanordnung zur Bestimmung der Lage der Radnabe relativ zur Radachse mittels einer Abstandsmes- sung des Abstandes zwischen einer Achskom ponente der Radachse, insbesondere dem Achszapfen, einerseits und einer Struktur der Radnabe andererseits. In the wheel hub / wheel axle arrangement according to the invention with a wheel axle, a wheel hub for supporting a vehicle wheel on the wheel axle and a roller bearing unit with roller bearings for supporting the wheel hub on a journal of the wheel axle, it is provided that this arrangement further comprises a measuring arrangement for Determining the position of the wheel hub relative to the wheel axle by means of a distance measurement of the distance between an axle component of the wheel axle, in particular the axle journal, on the one hand and a structure of the wheel hub on the other hand.
Die Messanordnung zur Bestimmung der Lage der Radnabe relativ zur Radachse mit- tels einer Abstandsmessung des Abstandes zwischen der Achskomponente und der der Radnabenstruktur ist eine Art Sensor zur Ermittlung von Radkräften, der sich be- sonders gut in die Radnaben-Radachsen-Anordnung integrieren lässt. The measuring arrangement for determining the position of the wheel hub relative to the wheel axle by means of a distance measurement of the distance between the axle component and the wheel hub structure is a type of sensor for determining wheel forces, which can be integrated particularly well into the wheel hub / wheel axle arrangement.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung weist die Messanordnung be- züglich einer von der Radachse vorgegebenen Drehachse umfänglich verteilt ange- ordnete Messelemente auf. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the measuring arrangement has measuring elements which are arranged distributed in a circumferentially distributed manner with respect to a rotation axis predetermined by the wheel axis.
Mit Vorteil ist vorgesehen, dass die Messanordnung bezüglich der Radachse achsfest angeordnet ist. Die Messanordnung ist dazu insbesondere direkt an der Radachse be- festigt, beispielsweise am Achszapfen. Advantageously, it is provided that the measuring arrangement is arranged fixed to the axis with respect to the wheel axle. For this purpose, the measuring arrangement is attached, in particular, directly to the wheel axle, for example to the axle journal.
Gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist die Messanord- nung eingerichtet, den Abstand per induktiver Messung bzw. Wirbelstrommessung zu messen. Die Messelemente sind dabei Wirbelstromsensoren. Diese Sensoren gehö- ren zu der Klasse der berührungslosen Abstandsmesser. Wird ein leitender Körper in einem Magnetfeld bewegt, dann treten in diesem Feld Wirbelströme auf, weil im lei- tenden Material eine Spannung induziert wird. Mit diesem Prinzip können Längen und Dicken elektrisch leitender Werkstoffe im Bereich zwischen 0,5 mm und 140 mm be- stimmt werden. According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the measuring arrangement is set up to measure the distance by inductive measurement or eddy current measurement. The measuring elements are eddy current sensors. These sensors are in the class of contactless distance meters. If a conductive body is moved in a magnetic field, eddy currents occur in this field because a voltage is induced in the conductive material. With this principle, lengths and thicknesses of electrically conductive materials in the range between 0.5 mm and 140 mm can be determined.
Alternativ oder zusätzlich wird mindestens ein magnetischer Sensoren wie z.B. Alternatively or additionally, at least one magnetic sensor, e.g.
Hallsensor oder MR Sensor (MR: magnetoresistiver) als Messelement verwendet. Hall sensor or MR sensor (MR: magnetoresistive) used as a measuring element.
Weiterhin ist es auch denkbar, dass die Messanordnung eingerichtet, den Abstand per Ultraschall zu messen. Die Messelemente sind dabei Ultraschallabstandssensoren. Gemäß noch einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird die Struk- tur der Radnabe von einer Fläche der Radnabe oder einem Anbauteil an der Radna- be, insbesondere einem Stahlblechring, gebildet. Furthermore, it is also conceivable that the measuring arrangement is set up to measure the distance by ultrasound. The measuring elements are ultrasonic distance sensors. According to yet another preferred embodiment of the invention, the structure of the wheel hub is formed by a surface of the wheel hub or an attachment to the wheel hub, in particular a sheet steel ring.
Insbesondere ist vorgesehen, dass die Wälzlager der Wälzlagereinheit als Kegelrol- lenlager ausgebildet sind. Derartige Kegelrollenlager sind bei Radlagern für Nutzfahr- zeuge bekannt und haben sich für diese Anwendung bewährt. In particular, it is provided that the roller bearings of the rolling bearing unit are designed as tapered roller bearings. Such tapered roller bearings are known for wheel bearings for commercial vehicles and have proven themselves for this application.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung weist die Radnaben- Radachsen-Anordnung weiterhin eine Messeinrichtung zur Winkelmessung der Rad- nabe relativ zur Radachse auf. Dadurch ist es möglich, die Abstandsmessung mit ei- ner Winkelmessung der Radnabe relativ zur Radachse zu kombinieren. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the wheel hub wheel axle arrangement further comprises a measuring device for measuring the angle of the wheel hub relative to the wheel axle. This makes it possible to combine the distance measurement with an angle measurement of the wheel hub relative to the wheel axle.
Die Erfindung betrifft weiterhin die Verwendung einer vorstehend genannten Radna- ben-Radachsen-Anordnung zur Ermittlung von Daten über auftretende Radkräfte ei- nes Fahrzeugrades beim Fahren, insbesondere bei einem autonomen Fahren, mittels einer Abstandsmessung. Das entsprechende Fahrzeug ist insbesondere ein Nutzfahr- zeug (Nutzkraftfahrzeug), wie Lastkraftwagen, Trailer oder Bus. Unter Radkräften sind in diesem Zusammenhang vor allem die äußere Kräfte auf die Radnabe zu verstehen. The invention further relates to the use of an abovementioned wheel hub / wheel axle arrangement for determining data on occurring wheel forces of a vehicle wheel during driving, in particular in autonomous driving, by means of a distance measurement. The corresponding vehicle is in particular a utility vehicle (utility vehicle), such as a truck, trailer or bus. Under wheel forces are to be understood in this context, especially the external forces on the hub.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Verwendung ist vorgesehen, dass zur Ermittlung der Radkräfte aus den gemessenen Abständen die Lage der Radnabe relativ zur Radachse ermittelt wird. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the position of the wheel hub relative to the wheel axle is determined for determining the wheel forces from the measured distances.
Gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Ver- wendung ist vorgesehen, dass die Abstandsmessung mit einer Winkelmessung der Radnabe relativ zur Radachse kombiniert wird. According to a further preferred embodiment of the use according to the invention, it is provided that the distance measurement is combined with an angle measurement of the wheel hub relative to the wheel axle.
Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung unter Bezugnahme auf die anliegenden Zeichnungen anhand bevorzugter Ausführungsbeispiele exemplarisch erläutert, wobei die nachfol- gend dargestellten Merkmale sowohl jeweils einzeln als auch in Kombination einen Aspekt der Erfindung darstellen können. Es zeigen: Fig. 1 : eine Prinzip-Skizze einer Radnaben-Radachsen-Anordnung gemäß einer Aus- führungsform der Erfindung, The invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings with reference to preferred exemplary embodiments, wherein the features shown below may represent an aspect of the invention both individually and in combination. Show it: 1 shows a schematic diagram of a wheel hub / wheel axle arrangement according to an embodiment of the invention,
Fig. 2: eine Schnittzeichnung einer detailliert dargestellten Radnaben-Radachsen- Anordnung gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung.  2 shows a sectional drawing of a wheel hub / wheel axle arrangement shown in detail in accordance with a further embodiment of the invention.
Die Fig. 1 zeigt die wesentlichen Komponenten einer Radnaben-Radachsen- Anordnung 10 zur Lagerung eines Fahrzeugrades auf einer Radachse in einer Art Halbschnitt. Dabei ist das Fahrzeugrad nicht gezeigt. Die Radnaben-Radachsen- Anordnung 10 umfasst die eigentliche Radnabe 12, eine Wälzlagereinheit 14 mit zwei Wälzlagern 16, 18 zur Lagerung der Radnabe 12 auf einem Achszapfen 20 der Rad- achse, die durch die gedachte Drehachse A repräsentiert wird. Die Wälzlagereinheit 14 kann beispielsweise als ein zweireihiges Schrägwälzlager aufgebaut sein, wie Fig.Fig. 1 shows the essential components of a wheel hub Radachsen- arrangement 10 for supporting a vehicle wheel on a wheel axle in a kind of half-section. The vehicle wheel is not shown. The wheel hub / wheel axle arrangement 10 comprises the actual wheel hub 12, a roller bearing unit 14 with two rolling bearings 16, 18 for supporting the wheel hub 12 on a journal 20 of the wheel axle, which is represented by the imaginary axis of rotation A. The rolling bearing unit 14 may be constructed, for example, as a double-row angular contact bearing, as shown in FIG.
2 zeigt. 2 shows.
Auf der Außenseite 22 (Mantelfläche) des Achszapfens 20 ist eine Messanordnung 24 zur Bestimmung der Lage der Radnabe 12 relativ zur Radachse angebracht. Die Be- stimmung der Lage erfolgt mittels einer Abstandsmessung zwischen einer Struktur 26 der Radnabe 12 einerseits und der Position der Messanordnung 24 auf dem Achszap- fen 20 andererseits. Die Struktur 26 der Radnabe 12 wird unmittelbar von einer elektrisch leitenden Komponente der Radnabe 12 gebildet. On the outer side 22 (lateral surface) of the axle journal 20, a measuring arrangement 24 for determining the position of the wheel hub 12 is mounted relative to the wheel axle. The position is determined by means of a distance measurement between a structure 26 of the wheel hub 12 on the one hand and the position of the measuring arrangement 24 on the axle journal 20 on the other hand. The structure 26 of the wheel hub 12 is formed directly by an electrically conductive component of the wheel hub 12.
Die Messanordnung 24 weist bezüglich der von der Radachse vorgegebenen Dreh- achse A umfänglich verteilt angeordnete Messelemente auf. Die Messanordnung 24 kann dabei beispielsweise als ein den Achszapfen 20 in einem Achsabschnitt umgrei- fender Ring ausgebildet sein, an/in dem die Messelemente umfänglich verteilt ange- ordnet sind. Die Messanordnung 24 ist beispielsweise eingerichtet, den Abstand per Wirbelstrommessung zu messen. Die Messelemente der Messanordnung 24 sind da- bei als Wirbelstromsensoren ausgebildet. Von der Messgröße„Abstand 5 wie auch von der zu bestimmende Größe„relative Lage S der Radnabe 12 relativ zur Radach- se“ und der zu ermittelnde Größe„Radkraft F“ werden jeweils die Axial- und Radial- komponenten öa, Sa, Fa; ör, Sr, Fr ermittelt. With regard to the axis of rotation A predetermined by the wheel axis, the measuring arrangement 24 has measuring elements arranged distributed in a circumferentially distributed manner. In this case, the measuring arrangement 24 can be designed, for example, as a ring which surrounds the axle journal 20 in an axle section, on which the measuring elements are distributed in a circumferentially distributed manner. The measuring arrangement 24 is configured, for example, to measure the distance by means of eddy current measurement. The measuring elements of the measuring arrangement 24 are designed as eddy-current sensors. The measured variable "distance 5 as well as the variable to be determined" relative position S of the wheel hub 12 relative to the wheel axle "and the quantity" wheel force F "to be determined are respectively the axial and radial components ö a , Sa, F a ; ries, Sr, Fr determined.
Die Fig. 2 zeigt eine detailliert dargestellte Radnaben-Radachsen-Anordnung 10 in ei- ner Schnittzeichnung. Bei dieser Darstellung sind auch Verformungen des Achszap- fens 20 wie auch von Komponenten der Wälzlager 16, 18 in Antwort auf die auftreten- den Radkräfte stark übertrieben dargestellt. FIG. 2 shows a wheel hub / wheel axle arrangement 10 shown in detail in a sectional drawing. In this representation, deformations of the axle journal are also As well as components of the rolling bearings 16, 18 in response to the occurring wheel forces shown greatly exaggerated.
Die zwei Wälzlager 16, 18 der Wälzlagereinheit 14 sind im gezeigten Beispiel der Fig. 2 als Kegelrollenlager 28, 30 ausgebildet und in O-Anordnung angeordnet. Jedes der Wälzlager 16, 18 weist einen Außenring 32, eine Mehrzahl von Wälzkörpern 34 sowie einen Innenring 36 auf. Die Außenringe 32 der Wälzlager 16, 18 sind in der Radnabe 10 eingepasst. Die in einem (nicht gezeigten) Wälzkörperkäfig eingesetzten Wälzkör- per 34 sind außenseitig an dem jeweiligen Außenring 32 und innenseitig an dem je- weiligen Innenring 36 geführt und können daran abrollen. Die Wälzkörper 34 sind im Beispiel als Kegelrollen ausgestaltet. Das in der Figur rechte axiale Ende der Radna- be 12 ist ein getriebeseitiges Ende. Ein dem getriebeseitigen Ende gegenüberliegen- des axiales Ende der Radnabe 12 ist ein radseitiges Ende. The two rolling bearings 16, 18 of the rolling bearing unit 14 are formed in the example shown in FIG. 2 as a tapered roller bearing 28, 30 and arranged in an O arrangement. Each of the rolling bearings 16, 18 has an outer ring 32, a plurality of rolling elements 34 and an inner ring 36. The outer rings 32 of the rolling bearings 16, 18 are fitted in the wheel hub 10. The rolling elements 34 inserted in a rolling element cage (not shown) are guided on the outer side on the respective outer ring 32 and on the inner side on the respective inner ring 36 and can roll on it. The rolling elements 34 are configured in the example as tapered rollers. The right in the figure, axial end of Radna- 12 is a gearbox side end. An axial end of the wheel hub 12 opposite the transmission-side end is a wheel-side end.
Bei eingebauten Kegelrollenlagern 28, 30 sind die Außenringe 32 in einem als Bund- breite bezeichneten Abstand an einer jeweiligen Schulter innerhalb der Nabe 12 zuei- nander positioniert abgestützt. I Durch das axiale Verspannen der Innenringe 36 stellt sich ein definiertes Lagerspiel der Wälzlagereinheit 14 ein.. Die Radnabe 12 mit der Wälzlagereinheit 14 kann anschließend auf dem Achszapfen 20 (auch Achsschenkel genannt) montiert werden. With built-in tapered roller bearings 28, 30, the outer rings 32 are supported in a position designated as a collar width at a respective shoulder within the hub 12 in a position relative to one another. Due to the axial clamping of the inner rings 36, a defined bearing play of the rolling bearing unit 14 sets in. The wheel hub 12 with the rolling bearing unit 14 can subsequently be mounted on the journal 20 (also called steering knuckle).
Die Radnaben-Radachsen-Anordnung 10 ist für die Verwendung bei Lastkraftwagen (LKW), Trailern, Bussen und anderen Nutzfahrzeugen (Nutzkraftfahrzeugen) vorgese- hen. The wheel-hub axle arrangement 10 is intended for use in trucks, trailers, buses and other commercial vehicles.
Im Folgenden sollen Zentrale Punkte der Erfindung noch einmal mit anderen Worten zusammengefasst werden: In the following, central points of the invention will be summarized again in other words:
Durch äußere Kräfte auf die Radnaben 10 beim Betrieb des entsprechenden Fahr- zeugs wie Aufstandskräfte (Axialkräfte Fa, Radialkräfte Fr) und Tangentialkräfte (Ft) bei Beschleunigung oder Bremsen kommt es zu Verformungen am Achszapfen 20 und an den Innenringen 36 und somit zu Verlagerungen der Radnabe 12 relativ zur Radachse bzw. deren Achszapfen sa und sr. Diese Verlagerung wird durch ein oder mehrere über den Umfang verteilte Messele- mente über eine Abstandmessung ermittelt. External forces on the wheel hubs 10 during operation of the corresponding vehicle, such as contact forces (axial forces F a , radial forces Fr) and tangential forces (Ft) during acceleration or braking, result in deformations on the axle journal 20 and on the inner rings 36 and thus in displacements Wheel hub 12 relative to the wheel axle or its journals s a and s r . This displacement is determined by one or more circumferentially distributed measuring elements via a distance measurement.
Aus den Abständen bzw. Abstandsänderungen öa und dG werden die äußeren Kräfte Fa und Fr ermittelt. From the distances or distance changes ö a and d G , the external forces F a and Fr are determined.
Die Messung des Abstands/der Abstandsänderung soll über einen Wirbelstromsensor erfolgen, der direkt auf eine ebene Fläche der Nabe oder auf ein zusätzliches Bauteil (z.B. Stahlblechring) gerichtet wird. Alternativ oder zusätzlich wird mindestens ein magnetischer Sensoren wie z.B. Flallsensor oder MR Sensor (MR: magnetoresistiver) verwendet. The distance / pitch change measurement is to be made via an eddy current sensor which is aimed directly at a flat surface of the hub or at an additional component (e.g., sheet steel ring). Alternatively or additionally, at least one magnetic sensor, e.g. Level sensor or MR sensor (MR: magnetoresistive) used.
Die Abstandsmessung wird kombiniert mit einer Winkelmessung der Radnabe 12 rela- tiv zur Radachse bzw. dem Achszapfen 20 dieser Radachse um die Einflüsse von Bauteiltoleranzen auf die Abstandsmessung zu reduzieren. The distance measurement is combined with an angle measurement of the wheel hub 12 relative to the wheel axle or the axle journal 20 of this wheel axle in order to reduce the influences of component tolerances on the distance measurement.
Bezuqszeichenliste LIST OF REFERENCES
10 Radnaben-Radachsen-Anordnung 10 wheel hub axle arrangement
12 Radnabe  12 wheel hub
14 Wälzlagereinheit  14 rolling bearing unit
16 erstes Wälzlager, ringförmig  16 first rolling bearing, annular
18 zweites Wälzlager, ringförmig  18 second rolling bearing, annular
20 Achszapfen  20 journals
22 Außenseite (Achszapfen)  22 outer side (stub axle)
24 Messeinrichtung  24 measuring device
26 Struktur  26 structure
28 erstes Kegelrollenlager  28 first tapered roller bearing
30 zweites Kegelrollenlager  30 second tapered roller bearing
32 Außenring  32 outer ring
34 Wälzkörper  34 rolling elements
36 Innenring  36 inner ring
A Rotationsachse  A rotation axis
Fa Axialkraft  Fa axial force
Fr Radialkraft  For radial force
Sa axiale Lage(änderung)  Sa axial position (change)
Sr radiale Lage(änderung)  Sr radial position (change)

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Radnaben-Radachsen-Anordnung (10) mit einer Radachse, einer Radnabe (12) zur Lagerung eines Fahrzeugrades an der Radachse und einer Wälzlagereinheit (14) mit Wälzlagern (16, 18) zur Lagerung der Radnabe (12) auf einem Achszapfen (20) der Radachse, A wheel-hub axle arrangement (10) having a wheel axle, a wheel hub (12) for supporting a vehicle wheel on the wheel axle and a roller bearing unit (14) with roller bearings (16, 18) for supporting the wheel hub (12) on a journal ( 20) of the wheel axle,
gekennzeichnet durch eine Messanordnung (24) zur Bestimmung der Lage der Rad- nabe (12) relativ zur Radachse mittels einer Abstandsmessung zwischen einer Struk- tur (26) der Radnabe (12) einerseits und einer Achskom ponente der Radachse, ins- besondere dem Achszapfen (20), andererseits. characterized by a measuring arrangement (24) for determining the position of the wheel hub (12) relative to the wheel axle by means of a distance measurement between a structure (26) of the wheel hub (12) on the one hand and an axle component of the wheel axle, in particular the axle journal (20), on the other hand.
2. Radnaben-Radachsen-Anordnung nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Messanordnung (24) bezüglich einer von der Radachse vorgegebenen Drehachse (A) umfänglich verteilt angeordnete Messelemente aufweist.  2. wheel hub axle arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the measuring arrangement (24) with respect to a predetermined axis of rotation of the axis of rotation (A) distributed circumferentially arranged measuring elements.
3. Radnaben-Radachsen-Anordnung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekenn- zeichnet, dass die Messanordnung (24) bezüglich der Radachse achsfest angeordnet ist.  3. wheel hub-wheel axle arrangement according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the measuring arrangement (24) is arranged with respect to the axle fixed axis.
4. Radnaben-Radachsen-Anordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Messanordnung (24) eingerichtet ist, den Abstand per Wir- belstrommessung zu messen.  4. hub-wheel axle arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the measuring arrangement (24) is adapted to measure the distance by Wirbel- current measurement.
5. Radnaben-Radachsen-Anordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Struktur (24) von einer Fläche der Radnabe (12) oder einem Anbauteil an der Radnabe (12), insbesondere einem Stahlblechring, gebildet wird. 5. hub-wheel axle arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the structure (24) of a surface of the wheel hub (12) or an attachment to the wheel hub (12), in particular a sheet steel ring, is formed.
6. Radnaben-Radachsen-Anordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Wälzlager (16, 18) der Wälzlagereinheit (14) als Kegelrol- lenlager (20, 22) ausgebildet sind. 6. hub-wheel axle arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the rolling bearings (16, 18) of the rolling bearing unit (14) as Kegelrol- lenlager (20, 22) are formed.
7. Radnaben-Radachsen-Anordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, gekenn- zeichnet durch eine Messeinrichtung zur Winkelmessung der Radnabe (12) relativ zur Radachse.  7. wheel hub-wheel axle arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by a measuring device for measuring the angle of the wheel hub (12) relative to the wheel axle.
8. Verwendung der Radnaben-Radachsen-Anordnung (10) nach einem der An- sprüche 1 bis 7 zur Ermittlung von Daten über auftretende Radkräfte eines Fahrzeug- rades beim Fahren, insbesondere bei einem autonomen Fahren, mittels einer Ab- standsmessung. 8. The use of the wheel hub / wheel axle arrangement (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 7 for determining data on occurring wheel forces of a vehicle when driving, especially in autonomous driving, by means of a distance measurement.
9. Verwendung nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zur Ermittlung der Radkräfte aus den gemessenen Abständen die Lage der Radnabe (12) relativ zur Radachse ermittelt wird.  9. Use according to claim 8, characterized in that for determining the wheel forces from the measured distances, the position of the wheel hub (12) is determined relative to the wheel axle.
10. Verwendung nach Anspruch 8 oder 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Ab- standsmessung mit einer Winkelmessung der Radnabe (12) relativ zur Radachse kombiniert wird.  10. Use according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the distance measurement is combined with an angle measurement of the wheel hub (12) relative to the wheel axle.
PCT/DE2019/100388 2018-05-15 2019-04-30 Wheel hub-wheel axle arrangement for mounting a vehicle wheel WO2019219120A1 (en)

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DE102018111559.8 2018-05-15
DE102018111559 2018-05-15
DE102018111842.2A DE102018111842A1 (en) 2018-05-15 2018-05-17 Hub-wheel axle arrangement for mounting a vehicle wheel
DE102018111842.2 2018-05-17

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20030164050A1 (en) * 2002-03-04 2003-09-04 Chinitz Steven M. Vehicle wheel bearing and method for controllig a vehicle
US20080144985A1 (en) * 2006-12-15 2008-06-19 The Timken Company Wheel End With Monitoring Capabilities
EP1980819A1 (en) * 2006-01-31 2008-10-15 Ntn Corporation Bearing device for drive wheel
US20090010582A1 (en) * 2005-03-18 2009-01-08 Ntn Corporation Sensor-Incorporated Wheel Support Bearing Assembly
US20090229379A1 (en) * 2005-03-22 2009-09-17 Takayoshi Ozaki Sensor-Incorporated Wheel Support Bearing Assembly
DE102014200714A1 (en) 2014-01-16 2015-07-16 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Simplified constructed inner ring assembly for a multi-row rolling bearing unit

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20030164050A1 (en) * 2002-03-04 2003-09-04 Chinitz Steven M. Vehicle wheel bearing and method for controllig a vehicle
US20090010582A1 (en) * 2005-03-18 2009-01-08 Ntn Corporation Sensor-Incorporated Wheel Support Bearing Assembly
US20090229379A1 (en) * 2005-03-22 2009-09-17 Takayoshi Ozaki Sensor-Incorporated Wheel Support Bearing Assembly
EP1980819A1 (en) * 2006-01-31 2008-10-15 Ntn Corporation Bearing device for drive wheel
US20080144985A1 (en) * 2006-12-15 2008-06-19 The Timken Company Wheel End With Monitoring Capabilities
DE102014200714A1 (en) 2014-01-16 2015-07-16 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Simplified constructed inner ring assembly for a multi-row rolling bearing unit

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