WO2019218137A1

WO2019218137A1 - Method for measuring bearing clearance and bearing device capable of adjusting bearing clearance

Info

Publication number: WO2019218137A1
Application number: PCT/CN2018/086833
Authority: WO
Inventors: 关冉; 柴仲冬; 贾宪林
Original assignee: 舍弗勒技术股份两合公司
Priority date: 2018-05-15
Filing date: 2018-05-15
Publication date: 2019-11-21
Also published as: WO2019218137A8

Abstract

A method for measuring the bearing clearance. A bearing comprises an outer ring (2), an inner ring (3), and a rolling body (4). The rolling body (4) is placed between the outer ring (2) and the inner ring (3); a stress sensor (5) is placed on the surface of the outer ring (2) and/or the inner ring (3) opposite to the rolling body (4). The method comprises the following steps: first, measuring the stress distribution of the outer ring (2) and/or the inner ring (3) by means of the stress sensor (5); and then calculating the size of the bearing clearance according to the measured stress distribution, further determining the operating state of the bearing on the basis of the calculated size of the bearing clearance, and controlling a hydraulic device to make a real-time adjustment so that the bearing is in the best state for prolonging the service life of the bearing. Also provided is a bearing device (1) capable of adjusting the bearing clearance.

Description

Method for measuring bearing clearance and bearing device capable of adjusting bearing clearance

Technical field

The invention relates to a method for measuring a bearing play of a bearing device, wherein the bearing device has an outer ring, an inner ring and a rolling body, the rolling body being disposed between the outer ring and the inner ring, Therein, a stress sensor is placed on the surface of the outer ring and/or the inner ring facing away from the rolling bodies. Furthermore, the invention relates to a bearing device capable of adjusting bearing play.

Background technique

Bearing clearance refers to the amount by which the bearing is fixed when one of the inner or outer rings is fixed when it is not mounted on the shaft or the housing, and then the unfixed one is moved radially or axially. When the bearing is running, the play has a very important influence on the overall performance of the rolling bearing. When the installation and operating conditions are constant, the clearance size determines the load distribution and maximum contact stress of the bearing and determines the fatigue life of the bearing.

A bearing clearance measuring method for a double row tapered bearing is known from CN 107421423 A. Firstly, the inner ring of the double row tapered roller bearing is fixed by axial bearing at the two ends by the bearing fixing device, and the outer ring of the double row tapered roller bearing is suspended so that the outer ring of the double row roller bearing can be opposite to the inner ring shaft To the displacement, the double row tapered roller bearing is placed vertically, and the dial of the dial indicator is placed on the axial end horizontal plane of the outer ring of the double row tapered roller bearing, and the position of the dial indicator and the double row tapered roller bearing are relatively fixed. Dial the outer ring of the double row tapered roller bearing so that the outer ring is axially displaced relative to the inner ring of the double row tapered roller bearing to obtain the dial gauge reading a; then, the axial 180° flip bearing fixing device makes the double row tapered roller The bearing and the dial indicator are 180° axially reversed. The outer ring of the double row tapered roller bearing is made so that the outer ring is axially displaced relative to the inner ring of the double row tapered roller bearing, and the dial gauge reading b is obtained; finally, the double row The average axial clearance of tapered roller bearings is c=ab.

It can be seen that in the prior art, the measurement of the bearing clearance is performed in a non-operating state, that is, when the bearing is stationary. However, the size of the bearing clearance may change during operation and the changing bearing clearance needs to be adjusted in real time. At present, the prior art known devices are not able to meet the requirements for online measurement of bearing clearance and real-time adjustment.

Summary of the invention

Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention provides an improved method and apparatus for measuring bearing clearance, which can measure bearing clearance more accurately, more easily and in real time, and can be real-time according to the measured result. Adjust the bearing clearance.

The technical problem is solved by a method for measuring a bearing play of a bearing, wherein the bearing has an outer ring, an inner ring and a rolling body, the rolling body being disposed between the outer ring and the inner ring, wherein the outer ring The stress sensor is arranged on the surface of the inner ring facing away from the rolling body. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the method is carried out as follows:

1) measuring the stress distribution of the outer ring and/or the inner ring by a stress sensor;

2) Calculate the bearing clearance based on the measured stress distribution.

Since the bearing clearance affects the bearing load distribution and the maximum contact stress, the bearing clearance has a corresponding relationship with the bearing stress distribution. The bearing distribution can be used to calculate the bearing clearance. Since the bearing clearance is calculated using only the stress sensors mounted on the outer and/or inner rings of the bearing, the bearing clearance can be measured in real time while the bearing is in operation. Preferably, the stress sensor is mounted on a stationary outer or inner ring. Therefore, the measurement of the bearing clearance is realized in a very simple manner.

In a preferred embodiment according to the invention, the load zone of the outer ring and/or the inner ring with the stress sensor is determined using a stress sensor. In the rolling bodies of the running bearings, only a part of the rolling bodies are generally subjected to loads at the same time, and the area in which the rolling elements are located is referred to as the bearing area of the bearing. The load bearing bearing capacity and the size of the running clearance will have an impact on the load bearing area. The smaller the bearing clearance, the larger the bearing area. Therefore, the size of the bearing clearance can be calculated from the size of the load bearing zone. When the dimensions of the bearing components are known, the stress distribution (bearing zone) of the different bearing clearances can be calculated or simulated by the finite element software. Therefore, the measurement of the bearing clearance can be carried out by measuring the stress distribution of the outer ring and/or the inner ring of the bearing.

After determining the load zone, a maximum load location needs to be determined within the load zone. Ideally, the position of the maximum load force can be known from the measurement of the stress sensor. However, in practice, due to external shocks and defects in the bearing itself, the stress on the bearing ring may exceed the inherent maximum load force. At this point, the “maximum stress” measured by the stress sensor is not the “maximum load force” used to calculate the bearing clearance, which should be filtered out when calculating the bearing clearance. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the method of determining the maximum load position is as follows:

a) using a stress sensor to determine the maximum stress;

b) measuring the first position stress and the second position stress from the near side to the right side of the maximum stress according to the distance from the maximum stress, and measuring the distance from the near side to the maximum stress on the left side of the maximum stress Position stress and fourth position stress,

c) comparing the magnitude of the maximum stress with the first position stress, the second position stress, the third position stress, and the fourth position stress. If the maximum stress > first position stress > second position stress and maximum stress > third position stress > fourth position stress, ie, the maximum stress is centered, the extension stress to both sides is gradually reduced, then the maximum stress The location is the maximum load location, ending the method. If the above inequality is not true, the location of the maximum stress is not the maximum load position.

d) If the location of the maximum stress is not the maximum load position, determine the second largest stress based on the value measured by the stress sensor, repeating steps a), b) and c) above. If the maximum load position is still not determined, continue to determine the next largest stress and repeat the above steps until the maximum load position that satisfies the above inequality is determined.

After determining the maximum load position, the specified other position is selected in the load zone, for example, the position where the stress is 50% of the maximum stress, and the angle between the specified other position and the maximum load position is used as a parameter for evaluating the bearing clearance size. The bearing capacity tends to become smaller in the direction away from the maximum load position, and the larger the clearance of the bearing, the faster the tendency to become smaller. Therefore, this "trend" can be used to calculate the bearing clearance size, that is, to establish a functional relationship between the specified other position and the maximum load position and the bearing clearance, and use the angle to calculate the bearing clearance. The specified other position is different from the maximum load position, which is the position next to the maximum load side, and the stress value at the position is a specific ratio of the maximum stress.

Therefore, in order to calculate the bearing clearance specifically, it is necessary to determine the relationship between the angle and the bearing clearance. The relationship curve can be obtained by the following two implementation methods: one, calculated according to the inherent stiffness curve of the bearing; and second, calculated by the finite element simulation method.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the manufacturing tolerances or the stresses caused by the mounting are filtered by filtered signal processing. In practical applications, the inner or outer ring is not an ideal circle, and the installation deformation also affects the stress distribution of the bearing ring and the rolling element. However, when the bearing is in operation, the stress in a contact zone on the bearing ring is periodically changed because the contact area is not continuous over the bearing ring. Manufacturing tolerances or stresses caused by installation are static. Therefore, manufacturing tolerances or stresses caused by mounting can be filtered by filtering signal processing. The real-time stress distribution of the bearing is obtained according to the magnitude of the stress signal.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the influence of the radial load on the bearing play can be eliminated by means of specific data from the stress sensor. When the bearing is running, the influence of the radial load on the size of the bearing area needs to be considered. Normally, the larger the radial load, the larger the load-bearing area. This is mainly because the bearing is not an ideal rigid body and will be elastically deformed. However, the effect of the radial load on the load-bearing area is much smaller than the influence of the bearing clearance on the load-bearing area.

Furthermore, the technical problem is solved by a bearing device capable of adjusting the bearing play, wherein the bearing device has an outer ring, an inner ring and a rolling body, and the rolling bodies are arranged between the outer ring and the inner ring, wherein A stress sensor is arranged on the surface of the outer ring and/or the inner ring facing away from the rolling body. According to the solution of the invention, the bearing device has an adjusting unit and a computing unit for adjusting the bearing play, the calculating unit and the stress sensor and The adjustment unit is connected, in particular electrically connected, wherein the method according to the above-described features is carried out in the calculation unit, in which the calculation of the bearing play can be carried out in the calculation unit, and then the command is output to the adjustment unit in accordance with the bearing play, so that The adjustment unit adjusts the bearing clearance of the bearing in real time to improve the service life of the bearing.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the stress sensor is placed on the stationary outer or inner ring, so that the stress sensor can more accurately measure the stress of the bearing ring. Preferably, a wear layer is applied to the stress sensor to protect the stress sensor disposed on the outer surface of the outer ring and/or the inner surface of the inner ring. In addition, it is preferable that the number of the stress sensors is greater than or equal to the number of the rolling bodies, that is, the distributed sensors are evenly distributed on the inner ring and/or the outer ring, and since the stress is transmitted through the rolling elements, the number of rolling elements is greater than or equal to The stress sensor measures the stress distribution across the outer and/or inner ring, making the measurement more accurate. Advantageously, the stress sensor can be a piezoelectric stress sensor, a piezoresistive sensor or a strain gauge.

In another embodiment of the invention, the pressure sensor is placed on the outer or inner ring of the movement. In this case, only a small number or even one sensor needs to be arranged on the moving circle. In this case, a conductive slip ring or wireless is required. Device for power or signal transmission.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the adjustment unit can adjust the bearing play in real time during operation of the bearing arrangement by means of the calculation unit. By running the method in the calculation unit, real-time bearing clearance can be obtained, and the calculation unit can calculate the adjustment amount according to the bearing clearance and output a command to the adjustment unit, so that the adjustment unit adjusts the bearing clearance of the bearing. Advantageously, the adjustment unit is a hydraulic nut or hydraulic jack for adjusting the axial position.

DRAWINGS

Figure 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a bearing device in accordance with the present invention,

Figure 2a shows a schematic view of an adjustment unit in accordance with a first preferred embodiment of the present invention,

Figure 2b shows a schematic view of an adjustment unit in accordance with a second preferred embodiment of the present invention,

Figure 3 shows a flow chart of a method according to the invention,

Figure 4 shows a schematic diagram of a method of determining the maximum load position.

The same or similar components are given the same reference numerals.

Detailed ways

Figure 1 shows a schematic view of a bearing device 1 according to the invention, in particular a double row tapered roller bearing device. The bearing device 1 comprises an outer ring 2, an inner ring 3 and rolling bodies 4, the rolling bodies 4 being arranged between the outer ring 2 and the inner ring 3. When the inner ring is fixed, there is a bearing play between the rolling elements 4 and the outer ring 2.

In order to be able to measure the bearing play during the operation of the bearing, the stress sensor 5 is distributedly arranged on the inner surface of the stationary inner ring 3 facing away from the rolling bodies 4 for measuring the stress distribution on the inner ring 2 in accordance with the invention. According to the stress distribution, the size of the bearing clearance is determined. A wear layer or a waterproof layer can also be applied on top of the stress sensor 5 for protecting the stress sensor. The specific calculation process will be explained in detail below (Fig. 3). The bearing device 1 also has an adjustment unit 6 and a calculation unit. After the stress is measured by the stress sensor 5, the data is transmitted to the calculation unit, the method according to the invention is operated in the calculation unit to calculate the magnitude of the bearing play in real time, and then the calculation unit outputs a command to the adjustment unit 6, the bearing of the bearing The play is adjusted in real time.

A first preferred embodiment of the adjustment unit 6 is shown in Fig. 2a, which is a hydraulic nut for adjusting the axial displacement, having a cylinder 7 and a piston 8, wherein the cylinder is fixed on the bearing housing The piston 8 can push the outer ring 2 to move axially. When the measured bearing clearance is too large, the hydraulic cylinder is pressurized, and the piston 8 pushes the outer ring 2 to rotate toward the center of the bearing, thereby reducing the play and increasing the bearing area of the bearing. If the bearing clearance is too small, the pressure can be properly released to control the clearance to a reasonable level.

A second preferred embodiment of the adjustment unit 6 is shown in FIG. 2b, which is a hydraulic jack, in particular arranged in the slot of the outer ring 2, and several slots can be provided on the end face of the outer ring 2 for A plurality of hydraulic cylinders 9 are placed to ensure uniformity of the force applied to the outer ring 2. Further, an opening 10 is provided in the outer diameter of the bearing for filling the hydraulic cylinder 9. The structure of the second preferred embodiment is more compact than the first preferred embodiment.

A flow chart of a method for calculating bearing clearance from the stress of a bearing ring in accordance with the present invention is shown in FIG. First, in the first step, the stress applied to the bearing ring is measured by a stress sensor mounted on the bearing ring; in the second step, the bearing area of the bearing ring is determined according to the measured stress; then in the third step Determining a maximum load location within the load bearing zone. The method of determining the maximum load position is as shown in Fig. 4. First, the maximum stress A0 is determined according to the measurement result of the stress sensor, and then the first position and the first position are selected from the near to the far distance according to the distance from the maximum stress position on the right side of the maximum stress position. In the two positions, the stress magnitudes are A1 and A2, respectively, and the distance between the third position and the fourth position is selected from the near to far distances on the left side of the maximum stress position to be A3 and A4, respectively, if A0>A1 >A2 and A0>A3>A4, then A0 is the true maximum bearing capacity. On the other hand, if A0 is the result of the combined impact of the radial load and the impact on the outer ring, then A0>A1>A2 and A0>A3>A4 cannot be satisfied at the same time. This method can eliminate external impact and The impact of the bearing's own defect impact and the ability to determine the true maximum load position; then in the fourth step, the angle between an additional position and the maximum load position is determined. As can be seen from the above description, the stress is gradually reduced in the direction away from the maximum load position, and the clearance of the bearing is larger, and the tendency to become smaller is faster. Therefore, for example, a position where the maximum stress drops to 50% can be defined. As another position, the angle between the additional position and the maximum load position is measured as a parameter for evaluating the bearing clearance size; finally, in the fifth step, the bearing travel is calculated. The size of the gap.

While a possible embodiment is exemplarily described in the above description, it should be understood that there are many variations of the embodiments of the invention in combination with the technical features and embodiments that are readily apparent to those skilled in the art. In addition, it should be understood that the exemplary embodiments are merely by way of example, and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The above description is intended to provide the skilled person with a technical guide for the transformation of at least one exemplary embodiment, wherein various changes can be made without departing from the scope of the claims, particularly Changes in the function and structure of the components.

List of reference signs

1 bearing device

2 outer ring

3 inner ring

4 rolling elements

5 stress sensor

6 adjustment unit

7 cylinder

8 piston

9 hydraulic cylinder

10 holes

A0 maximum stress

A1 first position stress

A2 second position stress

A3 third position stress

A4 fourth position stress

Claims

A method for measuring bearing play of a bearing device (1), wherein the bearing device (1) has an outer ring (2), an inner ring (3) and a rolling body (4), the rolling body ( 4) being disposed between the outer ring (2) and the inner ring (3), wherein the outer ring (2) and/or the inner ring (3) face away from the rolling body ( 4) Place a stress sensor (5) on the surface,

It is characterized in that the method is performed as follows:

a) The stress distribution of the outer ring (2) and/or the inner ring (3) is measured by the stress sensor (5).

b) Calculate the size of the bearing clearance based on the stress distribution.
Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the method is carried out in real time while the bearing device (1) is in operation.
Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the load zone of the outer ring and/or the inner ring is determined by means of the stress sensor (5).
The method of claim 3 wherein a maximum load position is determined within said load zone.
The method according to claim 4, wherein the maximum load position is determined according to the following method steps:

a) using the stress sensor (5) to determine the maximum stress (A0);

b) determining, at the right side of the maximum stress (A0), the first position stress (A1) and the second position stress (A2) in order from the distance from the maximum stress (A0), at the maximum The left side of the stress (A0) measures the third position stress (A3) and the fourth position stress (A4) in order from the distance to the maximum stress (A0).

c) comparing the maximum stress (A0) with the first position stress (A1), the second position stress (A2), the third position stress (A3), and the fourth position stress, If the maximum stress (A0) > the first position stress (A1) > the second position stress (A2) and the maximum stress (A0) > the third position stress (A3) are satisfied The fourth position stress (A4), wherein the position where the maximum stress (A0) is located is the maximum load position, ending the method;

d) if the maximum stress (A0) > the first position stress (A1) > the second position stress (A2) and the maximum stress (A0) > the third position stress (A3) are not satisfied > The fourth position stress (A4), the second large stress is determined according to the value measured by the stress sensor (5), and the method step is repeated.
The method according to claim 4, wherein an angle between the other position specified in the load zone and the maximum load position is used as a parameter for evaluating the size of the bearing clearance.
The method of claim 1 wherein the manufacturing tolerances or the stresses caused by the mounting are filtered by filtering signal processing.
Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the influence of the radial load on the calculation of the bearing play is eliminated by the data of the stress sensor (5).
A bearing device (1) capable of adjusting bearing play, wherein the bearing device (1) has an outer ring (2), an inner ring (3) and a rolling body (4), and the rolling body (4) is Arranged between the outer ring (2) and the inner ring (3), wherein the outer ring (2) and/or the inner ring (3) face away from the rolling body (4) a stress sensor (5) is placed on the surface,

Characterized in that the bearing device (1) has a calculation unit for calculating the bearing play and an adjustment unit (6) for adjusting the bearing play, the calculation unit and the stress sensor (5) and the The adjustment unit (6) is connected, wherein the method according to any of the preceding claims is carried out in the calculation unit.
Bearing device (1) according to claim 9, characterized in that the stress sensor (5) is placed on a stationary or running outer ring (2) or inner ring (3).
Bearing device (1) according to claim 9, characterized in that a wear layer and/or a water-repellent layer are applied to the stress sensor (5).
The bearing device (1) according to claim 9, characterized in that the number of the stress sensors (5) is greater than or equal to the number of the rolling bodies (4).
Bearing device (1) according to claim 9, characterized in that the stress sensor (5) can be a piezoelectric stress sensor, a piezoresistive sensor or a strain gauge.
The bearing device (1) according to claim 9, characterized in that, by means of the calculation unit, the adjustment unit (6) is capable of real-time adjustment of the bearing play during operation of the bearing device (1).
Bearing unit (1) according to claim 13, characterized in that the adjustment unit (6) is a hydraulic nut or a hydraulic jack for adjusting the axial position.