WO2019213938A1 - 一种提高蚯蚓处理垃圾效率的方法 - Google Patents

一种提高蚯蚓处理垃圾效率的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019213938A1
WO2019213938A1 PCT/CN2018/086485 CN2018086485W WO2019213938A1 WO 2019213938 A1 WO2019213938 A1 WO 2019213938A1 CN 2018086485 W CN2018086485 W CN 2018086485W WO 2019213938 A1 WO2019213938 A1 WO 2019213938A1
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Prior art keywords
culture
belt
conveyor belt
waste
conveyor
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PCT/CN2018/086485
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李大冶
Original Assignee
Li Daye
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Publication date
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Priority to PCT/CN2018/086485 priority Critical patent/WO2019213938A1/zh
Publication of WO2019213938A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019213938A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of garbage disposal, and in particular relates to a method for improving the efficiency of waste disposal.
  • cockroaches have amazing phagocytic capacity (the number of daily swallows can reach several times their body weight), and their digestive tract can secrete a variety of enzymes such as protease, lipase, cellulase, chitinase, amylase, etc.
  • Most organic wastes have a strong decomposition effect. After the organic matter is ingested by cockroaches, a small part is directly assimilated, and most of it is discharged into the granules by grinding and squeezing in the sputum, which plays a role similar to extrusion granulation, thereby achieving the purpose of physical modification. .
  • strontium can promote the activity of microorganisms, and the combined action between them accelerates the decomposition and conversion of organic matter, and can effectively remove or suppress the odor generated during the stacking process.
  • the metabolic activity can also produce a large amount of biologically active substances, which is conducive to the growth and quality improvement of the crop; the by-product itself is a high-quality feed and biomedical raw material. Therefore, the use of hydrazine to treat municipal waste is not only simple in process, does not require special equipment, but also promotes a virtuous cycle of waste recycling and achieves sustainable development.
  • the main processes for treating waste by using hydrazine include garbage sorting, aerobic composting, septic decomposing and sieving process, in which the septic decomposing is carried out in a waste treatment tank specially designed for ventilation and heat dissipation, after preliminary aerobic composting.
  • the waste decomposed by the fermentation is introduced into the garbage disposal tank, and the organic matter therein is further decomposed by the action of the cockroach and the microorganisms.
  • the ability to decompose organic matter is related to the temperature and humidity of the environment.
  • the existing garbage disposal pool is not enough to completely dissipate heat. When the decomposed organic matter is decomposed, it will release heat, which will cause local temperature changes, which will affect the efficiency of decomposing organic matter.
  • the garbage disposal tank for ⁇ treatment is usually laid on the ground, and it is necessary to add the waste to be decomposed once every other time, and the land utilization rate is low and the cost is high.
  • the existing three-dimensional method for treating garbage is mainly to place a plurality of garbage disposal devices on the rack in a three-dimensional manner. Although this treatment method can save land to some extent, it still needs manual turning, and the labor cost is high and cannot be large. The need for large-scale industrial waste disposal. However, ⁇ is sensitive to the ambient temperature, and the temperature is too high or too low, which will affect the metabolic efficiency of cockroaches, resulting in a significant reduction in the efficiency of cockroach waste disposal.
  • the present invention provides a method capable of further improving the efficiency of the garbage disposal.
  • the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
  • the invention provides a method for improving the efficiency of waste treatment of cockroaches, characterized in that the automatic three-dimensional culture device is used for waste disposal;
  • the automated stereoscopic culture device comprises a culture bed, an introduction conveyor belt and an export conveyor belt;
  • the culture bed comprises a multi-layered culture conveyor belt arranged at a vertical interval.
  • Each layer of the culture conveyor belt comprises two drive wheels and a belt body sleeved on two drive wheels, and the material output end of the upper culture belt is located on the belt of the lower culture belt.
  • Above the body; the output end of the introduction conveyor is disposed above the culture belt of the uppermost layer of the culture bed, and an export conveyor belt is disposed below the output end of the lowermost culture belt of the culture bed;
  • the inoculum amount of the cockroach species is 1.2-3.2 kg/m 2 ; the organic waste to be treated is transferred to the breeding bed through the introduction conveyor belt, and the temperature is 15-28 ° C, humidity 60 Garbage treatment is carried out under conditions of -80%, in which the seed and organic waste are dropped with the rolling of the culture conveyor to the next layer of the culture conveyor until the mixture is discharged from the export conveyor.
  • the number of layers of the culture belt in the culture bed is 2 to 12 layers.
  • the culture belt of each layer has a length of 2 to 100 m and a width of 1 to 2 m.
  • the breeding bed further comprises a total control cabinet, a shower and a light strip; a sprinkler and a light strip are respectively arranged above each of the culture conveyor belts; the culture conveyor belt, the sprinkler and the light strip and the overall control
  • the electrical connection of the cabinet is controlled by the main control cabinet.
  • the mass of the indica species is 0.3 to 0.8 g per strip.
  • the organic waste to be treated comprises one or more of sludge, straw, litter, livestock manure, domestic organic waste and industrial organic waste.
  • the organic waste to be treated is formed into a shape having a thickness of 10 to 30 cm and the same width as the introduction conveyor, and is introduced into the culture bed through the introduction conveyor.
  • the sprayer has a water spray amount of 8 to 15 mL per square meter per hour.
  • the method further comprises: separating the mash and the garbage treatment material in the mixture.
  • the garbage treatment material is used as the organic waste to be treated, and is again introduced into the culture bed for garbage disposal.
  • the automated stereoscopic culture device further comprises a screening device for separating the crucible and the waste treatment material in the mixture, the screening device being disposed at the outlet end of the delivery conveyor.
  • the sieving device comprises two driving wheels, a conveyor belt sleeved on the driving wheel, and a sieving belt disposed on the outer layer of the conveyor belt in a drum shape, the sieving belt has a mesh hole and A barrier column located inside the screening belt.
  • the mesh size is 2 to 5 cm.
  • the invention provides a method for improving the efficiency of waste treatment of waste water, which utilizes an automatic three-dimensional culture device for waste disposal;
  • the automatic three-dimensional culture device comprises a culture bed, an introduction conveyor belt and an export conveyor belt;
  • the culture bed comprises a vertical direction a multi-layered culture belt arranged at intervals; inoculation of the seedlings on the culture bed, the inoculum amount of the alfalfa species is 1.2 to 3.2 kg/m 2 ;
  • the organic waste to be treated is transferred to the breeding bed through the introduction conveyor belt, Garbage treatment is carried out under the conditions of a temperature of 15 to 28 ° C and a humidity of 60 to 80%.
  • the method of the invention provides the optimum temperature and humidity (15-28 ° C, humidity 60-80%) which is most suitable for the growth and digestion of the cockroach, and maximizes the efficiency of hydrazine conversion of organic matter, and also promotes cockroach. Growing.
  • the invention continuously flips the mash and the organic garbage through the different layers of the culture belt of the automatic cultivating device of the three-dimensional cockroach breeding device, continuously tumbling and falling to make the organic garbage fully contact with the cockroach, saving the cost of manually adding the organic garbage and turning the heat of the pile, and automatically flipping High efficiency and no damage to cockroaches.
  • the gas permeability of the cockroach culture bed has a significant effect on the metabolism of cockroaches.
  • the cockroach relies on the oxygen in the culture bed to breathe. The better the gas permeability, the stronger the metabolism.
  • the invention tumbling through the multi-layer culture conveyor belt of the culture bed to drive the organic garbage and the cockroach to turn over. Provide sufficient oxygen for the growth and metabolism of earthworms, thereby increasing the efficiency of caries decomposition by increasing metabolism.
  • the method of the invention is simple in operation, low in cost and suitable for large-scale industrial application.
  • the processing efficiency of the method according to the present invention can be increased by 40% to 66% relative to the conventional waste treatment method.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a three-dimensional automated cockroach breeding device
  • 1 is a shower
  • 2 is a light strip
  • 3 is organic waste
  • 4 is a drive wheel
  • 5 is a belt body
  • 6 is a total control cabinet
  • 7 is an introduction conveyor belt
  • 8 is an export conveyor belt;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a screening device
  • 9 is a sorting device
  • 10 is a culture conveyor belt
  • 11 is a sieve belt.
  • the invention provides a method for improving the efficiency of waste treatment of waste water, and adopts an automatic three-dimensional culture device for waste disposal;
  • the automated stereoscopic culture device comprises a culture bed, an introduction conveyor belt and an export conveyor belt;
  • the culture bed comprises a multi-layered culture conveyor belt arranged at a vertical interval.
  • Each layer of the culture conveyor belt comprises two drive wheels and a belt body sleeved on two drive wheels, and the material output end of the upper culture belt is located on the belt of the lower culture belt.
  • Above the body; the output end of the introduction conveyor is disposed above the culture belt of the uppermost layer of the culture bed, and an export conveyor belt is disposed below the output end of the lowermost culture belt of the culture bed;
  • the inoculum amount of the cockroach species is 1.2-3.2 kg/m 2 ; the organic waste to be treated is transferred to the breeding bed through the introduction conveyor belt, and the temperature is 15-28 ° C, humidity 60 Garbage treatment is carried out under conditions of -80%, in which the seed and organic waste are dropped with the rolling of the culture conveyor to the next layer of the culture conveyor until the mixture is discharged from the export conveyor.
  • the invention carries out garbage disposal through a device for automatically automating the cultivation of cockroaches, so as to improve the efficiency of treating garbage by cockroaches.
  • the invention sets the culture environment as the most vigorous metabolism condition and keeps it constant, and combines the automatic transportation of organic garbage and the automatic flipping, so that the metabolic decomposition ability of the earthworm is maintained, thereby improving the efficiency of the garbage disposal.
  • the efficiency of processing more than 2 kg of garbage per kilogram per day can be achieved, and the treatment efficiency (about 1 kg of daily treatment of about 1.2 kg) can be increased by 40% to 66% compared with the conventional treatment method.
  • the present invention has no particular limitation on the type of cockroaches, and it is possible to use conventional cockroaches which can be decomposed into garbage, such as Daping No. 2 of the genus Aisheng, and American red crickets.
  • the mass of the seedlings at the time of inoculation is preferably from 0.3 to 0.8 g per strip.
  • the structure of the automated three-dimensional aquaculture device utilized by the present invention is as shown in FIG. 1 and includes a culture bed, an introduction conveyor belt and an export conveyor belt;
  • the culture bed comprises a multi-layered culture conveyor belt arranged at a vertical interval.
  • Each layer of the culture conveyor belt comprises two drive wheels and a belt body sleeved on two drive wheels, and the material output end of the upper culture belt is located on the belt of the lower culture belt.
  • the adjacent two-layered culture conveyor belt overlaps at least 1/3 of the horizontal position, more preferably 1/2 to 4/5.
  • the orientation of the adjacent two-layered aquaculture belts is set to the opposite direction, which not only enables the raft to fall smoothly to the lower conveyor belt but also has the largest residence time on the belt.
  • the number of layers of the culture conveyor belt of the culture bed is 1 to 12 layers, and each of the culture conveyor belts has a length of 2 to 100 m and a width of 1 to 2 m.
  • the number of layers is preferably 7 to 11 layers, more preferably 10 layers;
  • the length of the culture conveyor belt refers to the distance between the two distal ends of the two driving wheels in the horizontal direction, and the length is preferably 40 to 70 m, Preferably, it is 50 m;
  • the width of the culture conveyor belt refers to the belt width, and the width is preferably 1.2 to 1.6 m, more preferably 1.5 m.
  • the output end of the introduction conveyor belt of the present invention is disposed above the culture conveyor belt of the uppermost layer of the culture bed, and an export conveyor belt is disposed below the output end of the lowermost culture belt of the culture bed.
  • the introduction conveyor belt is preferably inclined upward; the direction of the lead conveyor belt is preferably inclined downward.
  • the introduction conveyor belt and the delivery conveyor belt are identical to the culture belt of the culture bed, and will not be described herein.
  • the culture conveyor belt of the invention is inoculated with cockroaches, and the organic garbage is introduced into the conveyor belt and continuously introduced into the belt of the culture conveyor belt. As the culture belt of the culture bed rotates, the organic garbage and the cockroach fall into the next layer of the culture belt. In the body, by automatically turning over the organic garbage and cockroaches to achieve automatic turning and stirring, automatic increase of ventilation and reduce heat dissipation, control the environmental conditions of cockroach treatment of waste, in order to maintain the metabolism of cockroaches.
  • the culture bed further includes a total control cabinet, a shower, and a light strip; a sprayer and a light strip are respectively disposed above each of the culture conveyor belts; the culture conveyor belt, the shower, and the light belt are
  • the electrical connection of the main control cabinet is controlled by the main control cabinet.
  • the present invention provides a light strip to prevent cockroaches from escaping, and turning on the light strip at night can effectively prevent cockroaches from escaping from the sling.
  • the purpose of the sprinkler of the present invention is to maintain the humidity of the culture bed.
  • the shower is turned on, and the amount of spray per square meter per hour is 8 to 15 mL, more preferably 10 mL.
  • the material of the automated stereoscopic culture device is not particularly limited, and includes, but is not limited to, iron, stainless steel or rigid plastic.
  • the present invention is inoculated with a seedling on the breeding bed of the automated three-dimensional aquaculture device, and the inoculum amount is 1.2-3.2 kg/m 2 , preferably 1.4-2.0 kg/m 2 , more preferably 1.5 kg/m 2 ;
  • the indica species are laid on the aquaculture conveyor belt of the uppermost layer of the culture bed.
  • the invention introduces the organic waste to be treated into the culture bed through the introduction conveyor.
  • the method of the invention only needs to directly introduce the organic waste to be treated into the breeding bed, and can obtain significant garbage disposal efficiency without performing treatment such as fermentation of the organic garbage, thereby reducing the processing cost of the organic garbage, saving time and cost. Increase the efficiency of handling organic waste.
  • the organic waste to be treated is preferably formed into a shape having a thickness of 10 to 30 cm and the same width as the introduction conveyor, and is introduced into the culture bed through the introduction conveyor. More preferably, the thickness is 15 to 25 cm.
  • the organic waste to be treated is selected from one or more of sludge, straw, litter, livestock manure, domestic organic waste, and industrial organic waste.
  • the sludge according to the present invention includes river sludge, water plant sludge, etc.; the domestic organic waste according to the present invention includes kitchen waste, waste paper, waste plastic, etc.; the industrial organic waste according to the present invention includes food residue of a food factory , the lower corner of the slaughterhouse, the dairy residue waste liquid of the dairy factory.
  • the present invention After introducing the organic waste into the breeding bed inoculated with the cockroach species, the present invention carries out the garbage treatment under the conditions of a temperature of 15 to 28 ° C and a humidity of 60 to 80%, and the garbage and the organic garbage are disposed at the time of the garbage disposal.
  • the rolling of the culture conveyor belt is dropped to the next layer of the culture conveyor until the mixture is discharged from the export conveyor.
  • the garbage treatment temperature of the present invention is preferably 20 to 24 ° C, more preferably 22 ° C; and the garbage treatment humidity is preferably 65 to 75%, more preferably 70%.
  • the present invention preferably performs periodic spraying by means of a shower set disposed above each culture conveyor belt of the culture bed to ensure the humidity during garbage disposal; the specific spray time interval is controlled according to conditions such as the amount of spray and the humidity of the environment.
  • the garbage disposal time according to the present invention is determined according to the amount of waste to be treated, the amount of sputum inoculated on the culture bed, the rotation speed of the culture bed, and the number of layers.
  • the belt rotation speed of the culture bed is preferably 2 to 10 r/min, more preferably 6 r/min.
  • the organic waste and the cockroaches on the culture conveyor belt are conveyed to the next layer through the transmission of the culture conveyor belt, and the method of turning by gravity not only saves energy and labor, but also fully Increase the amount of air permeation during the reaction of organic waste and cockroaches, thus ensuring a strong metabolism of cockroaches.
  • the pore diameter of the mesh hole is preferably 2 to 5 cm, more preferably 3 to 4 cm.
  • the light strip in order to prevent escape, the light strip is turned on at night to perform illumination.
  • the method for improving the treatment of rubbish waste according to the present invention further comprises the step of separating the rhodium and other mixed materials in the resulting mixture after the waste treatment.
  • the mixture material is preferably separated into mature mash and other mixture by a sieving device. If the other mixture contains a large amount of unused organic feed, the other mixture is continuously put into the ⁇ automatic three-dimensional culture device. Use without pollution of organic feed.
  • the sieving device of the present invention comprises two driving wheels, a conveyor belt sleeved on the driving wheel, and a sieving belt disposed on the outer layer of the belt, the sieving belt has A sieve hole and a barrier column located inside the sieve belt.
  • the sieving belt of the present invention is in the form of a drum and is sheathed on the outer layer of the belt.
  • the barrier column on the screening belt is used to intercept the crucible, and the non-antimony component is dropped from the sieve opening of the screening belt.
  • the sieving apparatus further includes a sputum collection box 14 disposed below the outlet end of the conveyor belt, and other material collection boxes 13 disposed directly below the conveyor belt.
  • the mixture material After the mixture material is introduced into the screening device, it first falls into the sieving zone where the outer layer is continuously rolling, and the non-twisting component leaks out from the sieve hole of the sieving zone, and the sieving zone is rolled down to be placed on the transmission belt.
  • ⁇ leaks from the sieve hole and is blocked by the barrier column on the sieving belt to prevent it from falling into other material collection boxes.
  • the sieving belt is dropped onto the conveyor belt and transported by the conveyor belt to the ⁇ collection box below the conveyor belt outlet end for rapid separation of bismuth and non-twist components.
  • the cost of manual sorting is high and the efficiency is low. It is very difficult to sort 10 to 20 kg per person per day.
  • the screening device provided by the present invention can further improve the subsequent separation efficiency of the waste disposal.
  • the sieving device 9 is a sieving device
  • 10 is a culture conveyor belt
  • 11 is a sieving belt
  • 12 is a mature sputum
  • 13 is a other material collection box
  • 14 is a sputum collection box.
  • the sieving belt 11 has a mesh hole around the screen hole with a barrier column perpendicular to the sieving zone, and the barrier column can prevent the cockroach from falling out of the sieve hole.
  • the method provided by the invention has the advantages of simple operation, high garbage disposal efficiency, short time for cultivating the mature cockroach, and significant economic benefit.
  • An automatic three-dimensional aquaculture device as shown in FIG. 1 is arranged indoors, and the device comprises an introduction conveyor belt 7, an export conveyor belt 8 and a culture bed; the culture bed comprises a multi-layer culture belt arranged at a vertical interval, and an upper culture belt The material removal end is located above the belt of the lower culture belt, and each layer of the culture belt includes two driving wheels 4 and a belt body 5 which is sleeved on the two driving wheels, and the moving direction of the adjacent two layers of the conveying belt is different.
  • the culture conveyor belt has a length of 50 m and a width of 1.5 m, and the culture conveyor belt has a total of 10 layers.
  • the breeding bed further comprises a main control cabinet 6, a shower 1 and a light strip 2; a sprinkler 1 and a light strip 2 are respectively arranged above each of the breeding belts; the breeding conveyor, the sprinkler 1 and the light strip 2 Connected to the main control cabinet 6 and controlled by the main control cabinet 6.
  • a main control cabinet 6 Above the culture conveyor belt of the uppermost layer of the culture bed is provided an upwardly inclined introduction conveyor belt 7, and a downwardly inclined export conveyor belt 8 is arranged below the lowermost culture conveyor belt of the culture bed.
  • the material of the automated three-dimensional aquaculture device is stainless steel.
  • a total of 500kg of organic waste to be treated the quality of which is 40% of various livestock manure, 10% of straw, 20% of sludge, 20% of food factory residues (expired food, pomace, food scraps, etc.), slaughterhouse 40% of the lower corners (remaining feed, residual liquid, minced meat, internal organs, bone residue, etc. in the intestine) and 10% of the milk residue of the dairy factory.
  • the organic waste was mixed and formed into a shape having a thickness of 20 cm and the same width as the introduction conveyor, and then introduced into a culture bed through an introduction conveyor.
  • the indica species were inoculated onto the uppermost culture belt belt 5 of the culture bed according to the inoculum amount of 1.5 kg/m 2 , and the specifications of the seedlings were 0.3 to 0.5 g per strip.
  • the introduction conveyor is opened, and the organic waste is continuously introduced into the breeding bed through the introduction conveyor 7, so that the organic garbage is covered on the culture belt inoculated with the cockroach.
  • Control the main control cabinet 6 to open the breeding bed control the temperature in the culture bed to 25 ° C, the sprinkler 1 regularly spray water to make the humidity in the breeding bed 70%, turn on the light strip 2 at night to light the lights to prevent escape.
  • the growing conveyor belt of the culture bed is continuously operated, and the organic waste 3 and the concrete are dropped from the upper culture belt to the next layer of the culture conveyor until the mixture is discharged from the export conveyor.
  • the organic garbage and the cockroach are flipped once at a time, effectively turning and venting to ensure that the metabolism of cockroaches remains vigorous during the garbage disposal process.
  • protease, lipolytic enzyme, cellulase and amylase it can rapidly decompose and convert organic waste made from garbage into a nutrient that is easy to use by itself or other organisms.
  • the mixture is transferred to the separation device shown in Fig. 2 by the delivery conveyor 8 to separate the crucible.
  • the sieving device comprises two driving wheels, a conveyor belt 10 sleeved on the driving wheel, and a sieving belt 11 disposed on the outer drum of the conveyor belt, and a ⁇ collecting box 14 disposed below the outlet end of the conveyor belt. Other material collection boxes 13 disposed directly below the conveyor belt.
  • the sieving belt has a mesh opening (pore size 2 cm) and a blocking column located inside the sieving belt.
  • the sieving belt of the present invention is in the form of a drum and is sheathed on the outer layer of the belt.
  • the barrier column on the screening belt is used to intercept the crucible, and the non-antimony component is dropped from the sieve opening of the screening belt.
  • the mixture material After the mixture material is introduced into the sieving device, it first falls into the sieving belt 11 which is continuously rolling in the outer layer, and the non-twisting component leaks out from the sieve hole of the sieving belt 11, and is rolled down to the setting
  • the crucible is dropped from the sieving belt onto the conveyor belt 10, and transported by the conveyor belt 19 to the crucible collecting box 14 below the belt leading end to obtain crepe and other materials (smoke).
  • An automatic three-dimensional aquaculture device as shown in FIG. 1 is arranged indoors, and the device comprises an introduction conveyor belt 7, an export conveyor belt 8 and a culture bed; the culture bed comprises a multi-layer culture belt arranged at a vertical interval, and an upper culture belt The material removal end is located above the belt of the lower culture belt, and each layer of the culture belt includes two driving wheels 4 and a belt body 5 which is sleeved on the two driving wheels, and the moving direction of the adjacent two layers of the conveying belt is different.
  • the culture conveyor belt has a length of 60 m and a width of 1.2 m, and the culture conveyor belt has a total of 8 layers.
  • the breeding bed further comprises a main control cabinet 6, a shower 1 and a light strip 2; a sprinkler 1 and a light strip 2 are respectively arranged above each of the breeding belts; the breeding conveyor, the sprinkler 1 and the light strip 2 Connected to the main control cabinet 6 and controlled by the main control cabinet 6.
  • a main control cabinet 6 Above the culture conveyor belt of the uppermost layer of the culture bed is provided an upwardly inclined introduction conveyor belt 7, and a downwardly inclined export conveyor belt 8 is arranged below the lowermost culture conveyor belt of the culture bed.
  • the material of the automated three-dimensional culture device is hard plastic.
  • the total amount of organic waste to be treated is 500kg, which is composed of various livestock manure.
  • the organic waste was mixed and formed into a shape having a thickness of 25 cm and the same width as the introduction conveyor, and then introduced into a culture bed through an introduction conveyor.
  • the seedlings were inoculated onto the uppermost culture belt belt 5 of the culture bed according to the inoculum amount of 1.7 kg/m 2 , and the specifications of the seedlings were 0.5 to 0.7 g/bar.
  • the introduction conveyor is opened, and the organic waste is continuously introduced into the breeding bed through the introduction conveyor 7, so that the organic garbage is covered on the culture belt inoculated with the cockroach.
  • the control main cabinet 6 is opened to control the culture bed, and the temperature in the culture bed is controlled to be 24 ° C.
  • the sprayer 1 periodically sprays water to make the humidity in the culture bed 68%, and the light strip 2 is turned on at night to prevent the escape.
  • the growing conveyor belt of the culture bed is continuously operated, and the organic waste 3 and the concrete are dropped from the upper culture belt to the next layer of the culture conveyor until the mixture is discharged from the export conveyor.
  • the organic garbage and the cockroach are flipped once at a time, effectively turning and venting to ensure that the metabolism of cockroaches remains vigorous during the garbage disposal process.
  • protease, lipolytic enzyme, cellulase and amylase it can rapidly decompose and convert organic waste made from garbage into a nutrient that is easy to use by itself or other organisms.
  • the mixture is transferred to the separation device shown in Fig. 2 by the delivery conveyor 8 to separate the crucible.
  • the sieving device comprises two driving wheels, a conveyor belt 10 sleeved on the driving wheel, and a sieving belt 11 disposed on the outer drum of the conveyor belt, and a ⁇ collecting box 14 disposed below the outlet end of the conveyor belt. Other material collection boxes 13 disposed directly below the conveyor belt.
  • the sieving belt has a mesh opening (pore size 2 cm) and a blocking column located inside the sieving belt.
  • the sieving belt of the present invention is in the form of a drum and is sheathed on the outer layer of the belt.
  • the barrier column on the screening belt is used to intercept the crucible, and the non-antimony component is dropped from the sieve opening of the screening belt.
  • the mixture material After the mixture material is introduced into the sieving device, it first falls into the sieving belt 11 which is continuously rolling in the outer layer, and the non-twisting component leaks out from the sieve hole of the sieving belt 11, and is rolled down to the setting
  • the crucible is dropped from the sieving belt onto the conveyor belt 10, and transported by the conveyor belt 19 to the crucible collecting box 14 below the belt leading end to obtain crepe and other materials (smoke).
  • An automatic three-dimensional aquaculture device as shown in FIG. 1 is arranged indoors, and the device comprises an introduction conveyor belt 7, an export conveyor belt 8 and a culture bed; the culture bed comprises a multi-layer culture belt arranged at a vertical interval, and an upper culture belt The material removal end is located above the belt of the lower culture belt, and each layer of the culture belt includes two driving wheels 4 and a belt body 5 which is sleeved on the two driving wheels, and the moving direction of the adjacent two layers of the conveying belt is different.
  • the culture conveyor belt has a length of 10 m and a width of 1 m, and the culture conveyor belt has a total of 6 layers.
  • the breeding bed further comprises a main control cabinet 6, a shower 1 and a light strip 2; a sprinkler 1 and a light strip 2 are respectively arranged above each of the breeding belts; the breeding conveyor, the sprinkler 1 and the light strip 2 Connected to the main control cabinet 6 and controlled by the main control cabinet 6.
  • a main control cabinet 6 Above the culture conveyor belt of the uppermost layer of the culture bed is provided an upwardly inclined introduction conveyor belt 7, and a downwardly inclined export conveyor belt 8 is arranged below the lowermost culture conveyor belt of the culture bed.
  • the material of the automated three-dimensional aquaculture device is iron.
  • the total amount of organic waste to be treated is 500kg, and its quality is composed of 40% of various livestock manure and 60% straw.
  • the organic waste was mixed and formed into a shape having a thickness of 15 cm and the same width as the introduction conveyor, and then introduced into a culture bed through an introduction conveyor.
  • the indica species were inoculated onto the uppermost culture belt belt 5 of the culture bed according to the inoculum amount of 2.0 kg/m 2 , and the specifications of the seedlings were 0.3 to 0.6 g per strip.
  • the introduction conveyor is opened, and the organic waste is continuously introduced into the breeding bed through the introduction conveyor 7, so that the organic garbage is covered on the culture belt inoculated with the cockroach.
  • the control main cabinet 6 is opened to raise the breeding bed, and the temperature in the culture bed is controlled to be 22 ° C.
  • the sprinkler 1 periodically sprays water to make the humidity in the breeding bed 70%, and the light strip 2 is turned on at night to prevent the escape.
  • the growing conveyor belt of the culture bed is continuously operated, and the organic waste 3 and the concrete are dropped from the upper culture belt to the next layer of the culture conveyor until the mixture is discharged from the export conveyor.
  • the organic garbage and the cockroach are flipped once at a time, effectively turning and venting to ensure that the metabolism of cockroaches remains vigorous during the garbage disposal process.
  • protease, lipolytic enzyme, cellulase and amylase it can rapidly decompose and convert organic waste made from garbage into a nutrient that is easy to use by itself or other organisms.
  • the mixture is transferred to the separation device shown in Fig. 2 by the delivery conveyor 8 to separate the crucible.
  • the sieving device comprises two driving wheels, a conveyor belt 10 sleeved on the driving wheel, and a sieving belt 11 disposed on the outer drum of the conveyor belt, and a ⁇ collecting box 14 disposed below the outlet end of the conveyor belt. Other material collection boxes 13 disposed directly below the conveyor belt.
  • the sieving belt has a mesh opening (aperture 4 cm) and a barrier column located inside the sieving belt.
  • the sieving belt of the present invention is in the form of a drum and is sheathed on the outer layer of the belt.
  • the barrier column on the screening belt is used to intercept the crucible, and the non-antimony component is dropped from the sieve opening of the screening belt.
  • the mixture material After the mixture material is introduced into the sieving device, it first falls into the sieving belt 11 which is continuously rolling in the outer layer, and the non-twisting component leaks out from the sieve hole of the sieving belt 11, and is rolled down to the setting
  • the crucible is dropped from the sieving belt onto the conveyor belt 10, and transported by the conveyor belt 19 to the crucible collecting box 14 below the belt leading end to obtain crepe and other materials (smoke).
  • An automatic three-dimensional aquaculture device as shown in FIG. 1 is arranged indoors, and the device comprises an introduction conveyor belt 7, an export conveyor belt 8 and a culture bed; the culture bed comprises a multi-layer culture belt arranged at a vertical interval, and an upper culture belt The material removal end is located above the belt of the lower culture belt, and each layer of the culture belt includes two driving wheels 4 and a belt body 5 which is sleeved on the two driving wheels, and the moving direction of the adjacent two layers of the conveying belt is different.
  • the culture conveyor belt has a length of 35 m and a width of 2 m, and the culture conveyor belt has a total of 12 layers.
  • the breeding bed further comprises a main control cabinet 6, a shower 1 and a light strip 2; a sprinkler 1 and a light strip 2 are respectively arranged above each of the breeding belts; the breeding conveyor, the sprinkler 1 and the light strip 2 Connected to the main control cabinet 6 and controlled by the main control cabinet 6.
  • a main control cabinet 6 Above the culture conveyor belt of the uppermost layer of the culture bed is provided an upwardly inclined introduction conveyor belt 7, and a downwardly inclined export conveyor belt 8 is arranged below the lowermost culture conveyor belt of the culture bed.
  • the material of the automated three-dimensional aquaculture device is stainless steel.
  • the total amount of organic waste to be treated is 500kg, and its quality is composed of 40% of various livestock manure, 40% of straw and 20% of pomace.
  • the organic waste was mixed and formed into a shape having a thickness of 30 cm and the same width as the introduction conveyor, and then introduced into a culture bed through an introduction conveyor.
  • the indica species were inoculated onto the uppermost culture belt strip 5 of the culture bed according to the inoculum amount of 1.5 kg/m 2 , and the specifications of the alfalfa species were 0.4 to 0.5 g per strip.
  • the introduction conveyor is opened, and the organic waste is continuously introduced into the breeding bed through the introduction conveyor 7, so that the organic garbage is covered on the culture belt inoculated with the cockroach.
  • the control main cabinet 6 is opened to raise the breeding bed, and the temperature in the culture bed is controlled to be 22 ° C.
  • the sprinkler 1 periodically sprays water to make the humidity in the breeding bed 68%, and the light strip 2 is turned on at night to prevent the escape.
  • the growing conveyor belt of the culture bed is continuously operated, and the organic waste 3 and the concrete are dropped from the upper culture belt to the next layer of the culture conveyor until the mixture is discharged from the export conveyor.
  • the organic garbage and the cockroach are flipped once at a time, effectively turning and venting to ensure that the metabolism of cockroaches remains vigorous during the garbage disposal process.
  • protease, lipolytic enzyme, cellulase and amylase it can rapidly decompose and convert organic waste made from garbage into a nutrient that is easy to use by itself or other organisms.
  • the mixture is transferred to the separation device shown in Fig. 2 by the delivery conveyor 8 to separate the crucible.
  • the sieving device comprises two driving wheels, a conveyor belt 10 sleeved on the driving wheel, and a sieving belt 11 disposed on the outer drum of the conveyor belt, and a ⁇ collecting box 14 disposed below the outlet end of the conveyor belt. Other material collection boxes 13 disposed directly below the conveyor belt.
  • the sieving belt has a mesh opening (3.5 cm aperture) and a barrier column located inside the sieving belt.
  • the sieving belt of the present invention is in the form of a drum and is sheathed on the outer layer of the belt.
  • the barrier column on the screening belt is used to intercept the crucible, and the non-antimony component is dropped from the sieve opening of the screening belt.
  • the mixture material After the mixture material is introduced into the sieving device, it first falls into the sieving belt 11 which is continuously rolling in the outer layer, and the non-twisting component leaks out from the sieve hole of the sieving belt 11, and is rolled down to the setting
  • the crucible is dropped from the sieving belt onto the conveyor belt 10, and transported by the conveyor belt 19 to the crucible collecting box 14 below the belt leading end to obtain crepe and other materials (smoke).
  • An automatic three-dimensional aquaculture device as shown in FIG. 1 is arranged indoors, and the device comprises an introduction conveyor belt 7, an export conveyor belt 8 and a culture bed; the culture bed comprises a multi-layer culture belt arranged at a vertical interval, and an upper culture belt The material removal end is located above the belt of the lower culture belt, and each layer of the culture belt includes two driving wheels 4 and a belt body 5 which is sleeved on the two driving wheels, and the moving direction of the adjacent two layers of the conveying belt is different.
  • the culture conveyor belt has a length of 2 m and a width of 1 m, and has two layers of culture conveyor belts.
  • the breeding bed further comprises a main control cabinet 6, a shower 1 and a light strip 2; a sprinkler 1 and a light strip 2 are respectively arranged above each of the breeding belts; the breeding conveyor, the sprinkler 1 and the light strip 2 Connected to the main control cabinet 6 and controlled by the main control cabinet 6.
  • a main control cabinet 6 Above the culture conveyor belt of the uppermost layer of the culture bed is provided an upwardly inclined introduction conveyor belt 7, and a downwardly inclined export conveyor belt 8 is arranged below the lowermost culture conveyor belt of the culture bed.
  • the material of the automated three-dimensional aquaculture device is stainless steel.
  • the organic waste to be treated has a total of 10kg and is composed of sludge.
  • the organic waste was mixed and formed into a shape having a thickness of 20 cm and the same width as the introduction conveyor, and then introduced into a culture bed through an introduction conveyor.
  • the indica species were inoculated onto the uppermost culture belt belt 5 of the culture bed according to the inoculum amount of 1.5 kg/m 2 , and the specifications of the seedlings were 0.3 to 0.5 g per strip.
  • the introduction conveyor is opened, and the organic waste is continuously introduced into the breeding bed through the introduction conveyor 7, so that the organic garbage is covered on the culture belt inoculated with the cockroach.
  • Control the main control cabinet 6 to open the breeding bed control the temperature inside the breeding bed to 20 ° C, the sprinkler 1 regularly spray water to make the humidity in the breeding bed 70%, turn on the light strip 2 at night to light the lights to prevent escape.
  • the growing conveyor belt of the culture bed is continuously operated, and the organic waste 3 and the concrete are dropped from the upper culture belt to the next layer of the culture conveyor until the mixture is discharged from the export conveyor.
  • the organic garbage and the cockroach are flipped once at a time, effectively turning and venting to ensure that the metabolism of cockroaches remains vigorous during the garbage disposal process.
  • protease, lipolytic enzyme, cellulase and amylase it can rapidly decompose and convert organic waste made from garbage into a nutrient that is easy to use by itself or other organisms.
  • the mixture is transferred to the separation device shown in Fig. 2 by the delivery conveyor 8 to separate the crucible.
  • the sieving device comprises two driving wheels, a conveyor belt 10 sleeved on the driving wheel, and a sieving belt 11 disposed on the outer drum of the conveyor belt, and a ⁇ collecting box 14 disposed below the outlet end of the conveyor belt. Other material collection boxes 13 disposed directly below the conveyor belt.
  • the sieving belt has a mesh opening (pore diameter 5 cm) and a blocking column located inside the sieving belt.
  • the sieving belt of the present invention is in the form of a drum and is sheathed on the outer layer of the belt.
  • the barrier column on the screening belt is used to intercept the crucible, and the non-antimony component is dropped from the sieve opening of the screening belt.
  • the mixture material After the mixture material is introduced into the sieving device, it first falls into the sieving belt 11 which is continuously rolling in the outer layer, and the non-twisting component leaks out from the sieve hole of the sieving belt 11, and is rolled down to the setting
  • the crucible is dropped from the sieving belt onto the conveyor belt 10, and transported by the conveyor belt 19 to the crucible collecting box 14 below the belt leading end to obtain crepe and other materials (smoke).
  • the organic waste to be treated consists of sludge.
  • the organic waste to be treated is formed into a shape of 1.6 m in width, 20 cm in thickness, and 0.625 m in length, and placed in an aquaculture tank.
  • the seedlings are introduced into the above-mentioned culture tank containing the organic waste to be treated, and the inoculum amount is 1.5 kg/m 2 , and the size of the seedlings is 0.3 to 0.5 g/bar.
  • a plurality of breeding boxes are prepared for indoor three-dimensional arrangement, and the breeding boxes are manually turned over during the garbage disposal.
  • the organic waste to be treated consists of sludge.
  • the organic waste to be treated is formed into a shape of 1.8 m in width, 20 cm in thickness, and 0.74 m in length, and placed in a culture frame.
  • the seed is inserted into the culture frame containing the organic waste to be treated, and the inoculum amount is 1.5 kg/m 2 , and the size of the seed is 0.3 to 0.5 g/bar.
  • a plurality of culture frames are prepared for indoor three-dimensional arrangement, and the breeding boxes are manually turned over during the garbage disposal. Control the temperature inside the culture box to 20 ° C, humidity 70%, regular inspection, pay attention to the growth, reproduction and spawning of the cockroach to provide lighting to prevent cockroaches from fleeing.
  • the treatment is stopped, the mixed product is obtained, and the manure and the manure are manually sorted.
  • PS Calculate the percentage increase in waste treatment efficiency based on the efficiency of the conventional open-air waste treatment method (inoculation 1 kg, about 1.2 kg of garbage per day).
  • Embodiment 5 does not require manual turning, and the manual turning is not only costly and unstable, and cannot meet the requirements of modern large-scale garbage disposal.
  • the garbage disposal method of the invention not only saves the cost of manual turning, but also makes the concrete and the organic waste to be treated fully contact when the pile is turned over, and does not need to provide more ventilation devices to ensure the oxygen demand when the concrete is decomposed.

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Abstract

一种提高蚯蚓处理垃圾效率的方法，利用自动化立体养殖装置进行蚯蚓垃圾处理；所述自动化立体蚯蚓养殖装置包括养殖床、导入传送带（7）和导出传送带（8）；所述养殖床包括垂直方向上间隔设置的多层养殖传送带；在所述养殖床上接种蚯蚓种，所述蚯蚓种接种量为1.2～3.2kg/m 2；将待处理的有机垃圾通过所述导入传送带（7）传至养殖床上，蚯蚓在温度15～28℃、湿度60～80％的条件下进行垃圾处理，所述垃圾处理时，蚯蚓种和有机垃圾随所述养殖传送带的滚动掉落至下一层养殖传送带，直至从导出传送带（7）上导出混合物料。利用所述的方法相对于常规的蚯蚓垃圾处理方法的处理效率能够提高40％～66％。

Description

一种提高蚯蚓处理垃圾效率的方法 技术领域
本发明涉及垃圾处理技术领域，具体涉及一种提高蚯蚓处理垃圾效率的方法。
背景技术
随着经济发展和城市化的快速推进，城市垃圾越来越多。垃圾成分较10年前也发生了变化，受人们生活水平、消费水平、燃料结构等影响，垃圾成分总体表现为有机物增多，灰土、砖瓦、塑料等含量降低，可利用价值增大。目前，对这些有机废弃物大多仍采用焚烧、填埋、自然堆制和快速高温堆制等手段来进行处理，这些方法不仅不能从根本上实现垃圾资源化，还会造成二次污染。有机废弃物的蚯蚓堆制处理技术(vermi composting)是近年来发展起来的一项新型生物处理技术。由于蚯蚓具有惊人的吞噬能力(日吞食量可达其体重的数倍)，且其消化道可分泌蛋白酶、脂肪酶、纤维素酶、甲壳素酶、淀粉酶等多种酶类，对绝大多数有机废弃物有较强的分解作用。有机物质被蚯蚓摄食后，少部分被直接同化利用，大部分经蚯蚓体内的磨碎和挤压作用后以颗粒状排出，起到类似于挤压造粒的作用，从而达到物理改性的目的。同时，蚯蚓能促进微生物的活性，它们间的联合作用加速了有机物的分解和转化，并能有效除去或抑制堆制过程中产生的臭味。蚯蚓代谢活动还可产生大量生物活性物质，有利于作物的生长和品质的改善；副产物蚯蚓本身又是优质的饲料和生物医药原材料。因此利用蚯蚓处理城市垃圾，不仅工艺简单，不需要特殊设备，还可促进垃圾资源化的良性循环，实现可持续发展。
目前，利用蚯蚓处理垃圾的主要流程包括垃圾分拣、好氧堆肥、蚯蚓池分解以及筛分过程，其中蚯蚓池分解是在专门设计便于通风和散热的垃圾处理池中进行，经过好氧堆肥初步发酵分解的垃圾被引入垃圾处理池中，其中的有机物在蚯蚓和微生物的共同作用下被进一步分解。
蚯蚓分解有机物的能力与环境温湿度有关，现有的垃圾处理池不足以 完全散热，在蚯蚓分解有机物时也会随之释放热量，导致局部温度变化，进而影响蚯蚓分解有机物的效率。蚯蚓处理用的垃圾处理池通常平铺设置在地上，并且需要隔一段时间添加一次待分解的垃圾，土地利用率低且成本较高。
现有的立体蚯蚓处理垃圾的方法主要是将多个蚯蚓垃圾处理装置立体放置在架上，这种处理方式虽然能够一定程度上节省用地，但还是需要进行人工翻堆，人工成本高无法适宜大规模工业化垃圾处理的需要。而蚯蚓对于环境温度较为敏感，温度过高或过低均会影响蚯蚓的新陈代谢效率，导致蚯蚓的垃圾处理效率大幅降低。
发明内容
本发明为了解决现有技术中蚯蚓处理垃圾效率不够高的问题，提供了一种能够进一步提高蚯蚓处理垃圾效率的方法。
为了解决上述问题，本发明提供了以下技术方案：
本发明提供了一种提高蚯蚓处理垃圾效率的方法，其特征在于，利用自动化立体养殖装置进行蚯蚓垃圾处理；
所述自动化立体蚯蚓养殖装置，包括养殖床、导入传送带和导出传送带；
所述养殖床包括垂直方向上间隔设置的多层养殖传送带，每层养殖传送带包括两个驱动轮和套在两个驱动轮上的带体，上层养殖传送带的物料输出端位于下层养殖传送带的带体上方；所述导入传送带的输出端设置于所述养殖床最上层的养殖传送带上方，所述养殖床最下层养殖传送带的输出端下方设有导出传送带；
在所述养殖床上接种蚯蚓种，所述蚯蚓种接种量为1.2～3.2kg/m 2；将待处理的有机垃圾通过所述导入传送带传至养殖床上，蚯蚓在温度15～28℃、湿度60～80％的条件下进行垃圾处理，所述垃圾处理时，蚯蚓种和有机垃圾随所述养殖传送带的滚动掉落至下一层养殖传送带，直至从导出传送带上导出混合物料。
优选的，所述养殖床中养殖传送带层数为2～12层。
优选的，每层所述的养殖传送带长度为2～100m、宽度1～2m。
优选的，所述养殖床还包括总控柜、喷淋器和灯带；每层养殖传送带的上方分别设置有喷淋器和灯带；所述养殖传送带、喷淋器和灯带与总控柜电连接，由总控柜统一控制。
优选的，所述接种时，蚯蚓种的质量为0.3～0.8g/条。
优选的，所述待处理的有机垃圾包括污泥、秸秆、枯枝落叶、禽畜粪便、生活有机垃圾和工业有机废弃物中的一种或多种。
优选的，将待处理的有机垃圾制成厚度10～30cm且与导入传送带同宽的形状，通过导入传送带传入养殖床。
优选的，在所述垃圾处理时，当环境湿度低于68％时，所述喷淋器每小时每平米的喷水量为8～15mL。
优选的，所述垃圾处理后还包括：分离所述混合物料中蚯蚓和垃圾处理料。
优选的，若分离得到的垃圾处理料还存在未处理的有机垃圾，则将垃圾处理料作为待处理的有机垃圾，再次导入养殖床上进行垃圾处理。
优选的，所述自动化立体蚯蚓养殖装置还包括分筛装置，用于分离所述混合物料中的蚯蚓和垃圾处理料，所述分筛装置设置在导出传送带的导出端。
优选的，所述分筛装置包括两个驱动轮、套在所述驱动轮上的传送带，以及设置于所述传送带外层呈滚筒状的分筛带，所述分筛带上有筛孔和位于分筛带内侧的阻隔柱。
优选的，所述筛孔大小为2～5cm。
与现有技术相比，本发明提供的技术方案具有以下优点：
本发明提供了一种提高蚯蚓处理垃圾效率的方法，利用自动化立体养殖装置进行蚯蚓垃圾处理；所述自动化立体蚯蚓养殖装置，包括养殖床、导入传送带和导出传送带；所述养殖床包括垂直方向上间隔设置的多层养殖传送带；在所述养殖床上接种蚯蚓种，所述蚯蚓种接种量为1.2～3.2kg/m 2；将待处理的有机垃圾通过所述导入传送带传至养殖床上， 蚯蚓在温度15～28℃、湿度60～80％的条件下进行垃圾处理，所述垃圾处理时，蚯蚓种和有机垃圾随所述养殖传送带的滚动掉落至下一层养殖传送带，直至从导出传送带上导出混合物料。本发明所述方法在蚯蚓处理垃圾时提供了最适宜蚯蚓生长和消化分解的温湿度(15～28℃、湿度60～80％)，使得蚯蚓转化有机物的效率达到最大，同时也能促进蚯蚓的生长。
本发明通过自动化立体蚯蚓养殖装置的养殖床不同层养殖传送带不断翻转蚯蚓和有机垃圾，不断翻滚掉落使得有机垃圾与蚯蚓充分接触，节省了人工添加有机垃圾以及翻堆散热的成本，自动翻转的效率高且不会对蚯蚓造成损伤。蚯蚓养殖床的透气性对于蚯蚓的新陈代谢有显著影响，蚯蚓依靠养殖床中的氧气呼吸，透气性越好新陈代谢越旺盛，本发明通过养殖床的多层养殖传送带翻滚带动有机垃圾和蚯蚓翻转，能够为蚯蚓的生长代谢提供充足的氧气，进而通过提高新陈代谢来提高蚯蚓分解垃圾的效率。
通过严格控制环境温湿度等条件结合适时的翻堆，使蚯蚓的新陈代谢始终保持在最为旺盛的阶段，进而提高其分解垃圾的效率。本发明所述方法操作简便，成本较低，适宜大规模工业化应用。利用本发明所述的方法相对于常规的蚯蚓垃圾处理方法的处理效率能够提高40％～66％。
同时，采用本发明提供的方法进行垃圾处理，仅需要30～45d即可从蚯蚓种获得成熟蚯蚓，在适宜的生长条件和充足的营养供给下有效地加速了蚯蚓的生长，缩短了成熟蚯蚓培养时间。
说明书附图
图1为立体自动化蚯蚓养殖装置的结构示意图；
其中，1为喷淋器，2为灯带，3为有机垃圾，4为驱动轮，5为带体，6为总控柜，7为导入传送带，8为导出传送带；
图2为分筛装置的结构示意图；
其中，9为分筛装置，10为养殖传送带，11为分筛带。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种提高蚯蚓处理垃圾效率的方法，利用自动化立体养殖装置进行蚯蚓垃圾处理；
所述自动化立体蚯蚓养殖装置，包括养殖床、导入传送带和导出传送带；
所述养殖床包括垂直方向上间隔设置的多层养殖传送带，每层养殖传送带包括两个驱动轮和套在两个驱动轮上的带体，上层养殖传送带的物料输出端位于下层养殖传送带的带体上方；所述导入传送带的输出端设置于所述养殖床最上层的养殖传送带上方，所述养殖床最下层养殖传送带的输出端下方设有导出传送带；
在所述养殖床上接种蚯蚓种，所述蚯蚓种接种量为1.2～3.2kg/m 2；将待处理的有机垃圾通过所述导入传送带传至养殖床上，蚯蚓在温度15～28℃、湿度60～80％的条件下进行垃圾处理，所述垃圾处理时，蚯蚓种和有机垃圾随所述养殖传送带的滚动掉落至下一层养殖传送带，直至从导出传送带上导出混合物料。
本发明通过立体自动化养殖蚯蚓的装置进行垃圾处理，以提高蚯蚓处理垃圾的效率。本发明将培养环境设置为蚯蚓新陈代谢最为旺盛的条件并保持恒定，再结合自动化输送有机垃圾以及自动化翻转，使得蚯蚓的代谢分解能力旺盛状态得到保持，进而提高蚯蚓处理垃圾的效率。利用本发明所述的方法能够达到每千克蚯蚓每日处理2kg垃圾以上的效率，相对于常规的蚯蚓垃圾处理方法的处理效率(1kg蚯蚓每日处理1.2kg左右)能提高40％～66％。
本发明对蚯蚓种类无特殊限定，采用常规可进行分解垃圾的蚯蚓品种即可，比如爱胜蚓属的大平2号、美国红蚓等。在本发明中，所述接种时的蚯蚓种的质量优选为0.3～0.8g/条。
本发明利用的自动化立体蚯蚓养殖装置结构如图1所示，包括养殖床、导入传送带和导出传送带；
所述养殖床包括垂直方向上间隔设置的多层养殖传送带，每层养殖传送带包括两个驱动轮和套在两个驱动轮上的带体，上层养殖传送带的物料输出端位于下层养殖传送带的带体上方。优选的，所述相邻两层养殖传送带在水平位置上至少有1/3以上重叠，更优选为1/2～4/5。本发明优选的 将所述相邻两层养殖传送带运动方向设置为相反方向，不仅能够使蚯蚓顺利掉落到下层传送带并且在带体上的停留时间最大。
在本发明中，所述养殖床的养殖传送带层数为1～12层，每个养殖传送带的长度为2～100m、宽度1～2m。所述层数优选为7～11层，更优选为10层；所述养殖传送带的长度指的是两个驱动轮水平方向最远端两点的距离，所述长度优选为40～70m，更优选为50m；所述养殖传送带的宽度指的是带体宽度，所述宽度优选为1.2～1.6m，更优选为1.5m。
本发明所述导入传送带的输出端设置于所述养殖床最上层的养殖传送带上方，所述养殖床最下层养殖传送带的输出端下方设有导出传送带。在本发明中，所述导入传送带优选为向上倾斜；所述导出传送带的方向优选为向下倾斜。
在本发明中，所述导入传送带、导出传送带与养殖床的养殖传送带结构一致，在此不再赘述。
本发明所述养殖传送带上接种有蚯蚓种，有机垃圾被导入传送带导入，不断传入到养殖传送带带体上，随着养殖床的养殖传送带转动，有机垃圾和蚯蚓掉入下一层养殖传送带带体上，通过不断翻转有机垃圾和蚯蚓实现自动翻转搅拌，自动化提高通气量并降低散热，控制蚯蚓处理垃圾时的环境条件，以保持蚯蚓新陈代谢的旺盛。
在本发明中，所述养殖床还包括总控柜、喷淋器和灯带；每层养殖传送带的上方分别设置有喷淋器和灯带；所述养殖传送带、喷淋器和灯带与总控柜电连接，由总控柜统一控制。具体的，本发明设置灯带是为了防止蚯蚓逃离，在夜间开启灯带能够有效地防止蚯蚓从蚯蚓带中逃离。本发明设置喷淋器的目的是为了保持养殖床的湿度。
本发明优选的，当环境湿度低于68℃时，喷淋器开启，每小时每平米喷淋量为8～15mL，更优选为10mL。
本发明对所述自动化立体蚯蚓养殖装置的材质无特殊限定，包括但不限于铁、不锈钢或硬质塑料。
本发明在所述自动化立体蚯蚓养殖装置的养殖床上接种蚯蚓种，蚯蚓种接种量为1.2～3.2kg/m 2，优选为1.4～2.0kg/m 2，更优选为1.5kg/m 2；本发明所述在养殖床上接种蚯蚓种是将蚯蚓种平铺于所述养殖床最上层的 养殖传送带带体上。
本发明将待处理的有机垃圾通过所述导入传送带传入养殖床。本发明所述方法仅需将待处理的有机垃圾直接导入养殖床即可，无需对有机垃圾进行发酵等处理即可获得显著的垃圾处理效率，从而降低了有机垃圾的处理成本，节约时间和成本，提高了处理有机垃圾的效率。
本发明优选的将待处理的有机垃圾制成厚度10～30cm且与导入传送带同宽的形状，通过导入传送带传入养殖床。更优选的，所述厚度为15～25cm。
在本发明中，所述待处理的有机垃圾选自污泥、秸秆、枯枝落叶、禽畜粪便、生活有机垃圾和工业有机废弃物中的一种或多种。本发明所述污泥包括河道污泥、水厂污泥等；本发明所述生活有机垃圾包括厨余垃圾、废纸、废弃塑料等；本发明所述工业有机废弃物包括食品厂的食物残渣、屠宰场的下角料、乳制品厂的乳品残渣废液等。
将有机垃圾导入到接种有蚯蚓种的养殖床上后，本发明将蚯蚓在温度15～28℃、湿度60～80％的条件下进行垃圾处理，所述垃圾处理时，蚯蚓种和有机垃圾随所述养殖传送带的滚动掉落至下一层养殖传送带，直至从导出传送带上导出混合物料。本发明所述垃圾处理温度优选为20～24℃，更优选为22℃；所述垃圾处理湿度优选为65～75％，更优选为70％。
本发明优选的通过设置在养殖床每个养殖传送带上方的喷淋器进行定期喷淋，以确保垃圾处理时的湿度；具体喷淋时间间隔根据喷淋量以及环境湿度等条件进行控制。
本发明所述垃圾处理时间根据待处理垃圾的量以及养殖床上接种的蚯蚓量、养殖床转速和层数等条件确定。在本发明中，所述养殖床的传送带转速优选为2～10r/min，更优选为6r/min。
在本发明中，进行所述垃圾处理时，养殖传送带上的有机垃圾和蚯蚓通过养殖传送带的传动被翻转传送到下一层，利用重力进行翻转的方式不但能够节约能耗以及人工，还能够充分增加有机垃圾和蚯蚓反应时的透气量，从而保障蚯蚓新陈代谢旺盛。
在本发明中，所述筛孔的孔径优选为2～5cm，更优选为3～4cm。
在本发明中，为了防止蚯蚓逃脱，在夜间开启灯带进行灯光照明。
本发明所述提高蚯蚓垃圾处理的方法，在垃圾处理后还包括分离所得混合物料中蚯蚓和其他混合物料的步骤。本发明优选的通过分筛装置将混合物料分离为成熟蚯蚓与其他混合物料，若其他混合物料中还含有大量未被利用的有机饲料，则将其他混合物料继续投入到蚯蚓自动化立体养殖装置中作为无污染的有机饲料使用。
本发明所述分筛装置所述分筛装置包括两个驱动轮、套在所述驱动轮上的传送带，以及设置于所述传送带外层滚筒状的分筛带，所述分筛带上有筛孔和位于分筛带内侧的阻隔柱。
在本发明中，本发明所述的分筛带为滚筒状并套在传动带的外层。所述分筛带上的阻隔柱用于拦截蚯蚓，非蚯蚓成分则从分筛带的筛孔中掉落。
在本发明中，所述分筛装置还包括设置在传送带出口端下方的蚯蚓收集盒14，设置于所述传送带正下方的其他物料收集盒13。
当混合物料被导入所述分筛装置后，首先落入外层不断滚动的分筛带，非蚯蚓成分从分筛带的筛孔中漏出，随着分筛带滚动掉落至设置于传动带正下方的其他物料收集盒中；蚯蚓从筛孔漏出后被阻隔柱拦截在分筛带上，防止其掉落到其他物料收集盒中，当阻隔柱随着分筛带运动至最顶端时蚯蚓从分筛带掉落至传送带上，由传送带传运送到传送带导出端下方的蚯蚓收集盒中，实现快速分离蚯蚓和非蚯蚓成分。
人工分选蚯蚓的成本高、效率低，每人每天分选10～20kg蚯蚓就很困难了，本发明提供的分筛装置能够进一步提高蚯蚓垃圾处理的后续分离效率。
如图2所示的分筛装置，9为分筛装置，10为养殖传送带，11为分筛带，12为成熟蚯蚓，13为其他物料收集盒，14为蚯蚓收集盒。所述分筛带11上有筛孔，筛孔周围带有垂直于分筛带的阻隔柱，阻隔柱能防止蚯蚓从筛孔中掉落。
本发明提供的一种提高蚯蚓处理垃圾效率的方法操作简便，垃圾处理效率高，同时培养得到成熟蚯蚓的时间短，能够显著提高经济效益。
为了进一步说明本发明，下面结合实施例对本发明提供的技术方案进 行详细地描述，但不能将它们理解为对本发明保护范围的限定。
实施例1
在室内设置一个如图1所示的自动化立体蚯蚓养殖装置，该装置包括导入传送带7、导出传送带8和养殖床；所述养殖床包括垂直方向上间隔设置的多层养殖传送带，上层养殖传送带的物料移出端位于下层养殖传送带的带体上方，每层养殖传送带包括两个驱动轮4和套在两个驱动轮上的带体5，相邻两层养殖传送带的运动方向不同。所述养殖传送带的长为50m，宽为1.5m，养殖传送带共10层。所述养殖床还包括总控柜6、喷淋器1和灯带2；每层养殖传送带的上方分别设置有喷淋器1和灯带2；所述养殖传送带、喷淋器1和灯带2与总控柜电6连接，由总控柜6统一控制。所述养殖床最上层的养殖传送带上方设有一个向上倾斜的导入传送带7，所述养殖床最下层的养殖传送带下方设有一个向下倾斜的导出传送带8。自动化立体蚯蚓养殖装置的材质为不锈钢。
待处理的有机垃圾共500kg，其质量由40％的各种禽畜粪便、秸秆10％、污泥20％、食品厂的残渣(过期食品、果渣、食品边角料等)20％、屠宰场的下角料(肠道中的剩余饲料、残液、碎肉、内脏、骨渣等)40％和乳制品厂的牛奶残液10％组成。将上述有机垃圾混合后制成厚度20cm、与导入传送带同宽的形状后，通过导入传送带导入到养殖床中。
将蚯蚓种按照接种量1.5kg/m 2接种到养殖床的最上层养殖传送带带体5上，蚯蚓种的规格为0.3～0.5g/条。接种后开启导入传送带，将有机垃圾通过导入传送带7不断传入养殖床中，使有机垃圾覆盖在接种了蚯蚓种的养殖传送带上。控制总控柜6开启养殖床，控制养殖床内的温度为25℃，喷淋器1定期喷水使养殖床内的湿度为70％，夜间开启灯带2进行灯光照明，防止蚯蚓外逃。通过养殖床的养殖传送带不断运转，有机垃圾3和蚯蚓由上一层养殖传送带跌落至下一层养殖传送带，直至从导出传送带上导出混合物料。通过养殖传送带的不断传动使得有机垃圾和蚯蚓间隔一段时间即被翻转一次，实现有效地翻转和透气，以确保垃圾处理过程中蚯蚓的新陈代谢保持旺盛状态。通过蚯蚓独特的消化系统，在蛋白酶、脂肪分解酶、纤维酶、淀粉酶的作用下，能迅速分解、转化垃圾制成的有 机垃圾，成为自身或其他生物易于利用的营养物质。
通过导出传送带8将混合物料传递至如图2所示的分筛装置上分离蚯蚓。所述分筛装置包括两个驱动轮、套在所述驱动轮上的传送带10，以及设置于所述传送带外层滚筒状的分筛带11，设置在传送带出口端下方的蚯蚓收集盒14，设置于所述传送带正下方的其他物料收集盒13。所述分筛带上有筛孔(孔径2cm)和位于分筛带内侧的阻隔柱。本发明所述的分筛带为滚筒状并套在传动带的外层。所述分筛带上的阻隔柱用于拦截蚯蚓，非蚯蚓成分则从分筛带的筛孔中掉落。
当混合物料被导入所述分筛装置后，首先落入外层不断滚动的分筛带11，非蚯蚓成分从分筛带11的筛孔中漏出，随着分筛带滚动掉落至设置于传动带正下方的其他物料收集盒13中；蚯蚓从筛孔漏出后被阻隔柱拦截在分筛带上，防止其掉落到其他物料收集盒13中，当阻隔柱随着分筛带运动至最顶端时蚯蚓从分筛带掉落至传送带10上，由传送带19传运送到传送带导出端下方的蚯蚓收集盒14中，分别得到蚯蚓和其他物料(蚯蚓粪)。
观察分离得到的其他物料，其中不含有未处理的有机垃圾则得到蚯蚓粪。
实施例2
在室内设置一个如图1所示的自动化立体蚯蚓养殖装置，该装置包括导入传送带7、导出传送带8和养殖床；所述养殖床包括垂直方向上间隔设置的多层养殖传送带，上层养殖传送带的物料移出端位于下层养殖传送带的带体上方，每层养殖传送带包括两个驱动轮4和套在两个驱动轮上的带体5，相邻两层养殖传送带的运动方向不同。所述养殖传送带的长为60m，宽为1.2m，养殖传送带共8层。所述养殖床还包括总控柜6、喷淋器1和灯带2；每层养殖传送带的上方分别设置有喷淋器1和灯带2；所述养殖传送带、喷淋器1和灯带2与总控柜电6连接，由总控柜6统一控制。所述养殖床最上层的养殖传送带上方设有一个向上倾斜的导入传送带7，所述养殖床最下层的养殖传送带下方设有一个向下倾斜的导出传送带8。自动化立体蚯蚓养殖装置的材质为硬质塑料。
待处理的有机垃圾共500kg，由各种禽畜粪便组成。将上述有机垃圾混合后制成厚度25cm、与导入传送带同宽的形状后，通过导入传送带导入到养殖床中。
将蚯蚓种按照接种量1.7kg/m 2接种到养殖床的最上层养殖传送带带体5上，蚯蚓种的规格为0.5～0.7g/条。接种后开启导入传送带，将有机垃圾通过导入传送带7不断传入养殖床中，使有机垃圾覆盖在接种了蚯蚓种的养殖传送带上。控制总控柜6开启养殖床，控制养殖床内的温度为24℃，喷淋器1定期喷水使养殖床内的湿度为68％，夜间开启灯带2进行灯光照明，防止蚯蚓外逃。通过养殖床的养殖传送带不断运转，有机垃圾3和蚯蚓由上一层养殖传送带跌落至下一层养殖传送带，直至从导出传送带上导出混合物料。通过养殖传送带的不断传动使得有机垃圾和蚯蚓间隔一段时间即被翻转一次，实现有效地翻转和透气，以确保垃圾处理过程中蚯蚓的新陈代谢保持旺盛状态。通过蚯蚓独特的消化系统，在蛋白酶、脂肪分解酶、纤维酶、淀粉酶的作用下，能迅速分解、转化垃圾制成的有机垃圾，成为自身或其他生物易于利用的营养物质。
通过导出传送带8将混合物料传递至如图2所示的分筛装置上分离蚯蚓。所述分筛装置包括两个驱动轮、套在所述驱动轮上的传送带10，以及设置于所述传送带外层滚筒状的分筛带11，设置在传送带出口端下方的蚯蚓收集盒14，设置于所述传送带正下方的其他物料收集盒13。所述分筛带上有筛孔(孔径2cm)和位于分筛带内侧的阻隔柱。本发明所述的分筛带为滚筒状并套在传动带的外层。所述分筛带上的阻隔柱用于拦截蚯蚓，非蚯蚓成分则从分筛带的筛孔中掉落。
当混合物料被导入所述分筛装置后，首先落入外层不断滚动的分筛带11，非蚯蚓成分从分筛带11的筛孔中漏出，随着分筛带滚动掉落至设置于传动带正下方的其他物料收集盒13中；蚯蚓从筛孔漏出后被阻隔柱拦截在分筛带上，防止其掉落到其他物料收集盒13中，当阻隔柱随着分筛带运动至最顶端时蚯蚓从分筛带掉落至传送带10上，由传送带19传运送到传送带导出端下方的蚯蚓收集盒14中，分别得到蚯蚓和其他物料(蚯蚓粪)。
观察分离得到的其他物料，其中还含有未处理的有机垃圾则重新投入 导入传送带中继续处理，重复上述步骤，直到分离的其他物料中不含有未处理的有机垃圾即为蚯蚓粪。
实施例3
在室内设置一个如图1所示的自动化立体蚯蚓养殖装置，该装置包括导入传送带7、导出传送带8和养殖床；所述养殖床包括垂直方向上间隔设置的多层养殖传送带，上层养殖传送带的物料移出端位于下层养殖传送带的带体上方，每层养殖传送带包括两个驱动轮4和套在两个驱动轮上的带体5，相邻两层养殖传送带的运动方向不同。所述养殖传送带的长为10m，宽为1m，养殖传送带共6层。所述养殖床还包括总控柜6、喷淋器1和灯带2；每层养殖传送带的上方分别设置有喷淋器1和灯带2；所述养殖传送带、喷淋器1和灯带2与总控柜电6连接，由总控柜6统一控制。所述养殖床最上层的养殖传送带上方设有一个向上倾斜的导入传送带7，所述养殖床最下层的养殖传送带下方设有一个向下倾斜的导出传送带8。自动化立体蚯蚓养殖装置的材质为铁。
待处理的有机垃圾共500kg，其质量由40％的各种禽畜粪便和60％秸秆组成。将上述有机垃圾混合后制成厚度15cm、与导入传送带同宽的形状后，通过导入传送带导入到养殖床中。
将蚯蚓种按照接种量2.0kg/m 2接种到养殖床的最上层养殖传送带带体5上，蚯蚓种的规格为0.3～0.6g/条。接种后开启导入传送带，将有机垃圾通过导入传送带7不断传入养殖床中，使有机垃圾覆盖在接种了蚯蚓种的养殖传送带上。控制总控柜6开启养殖床，控制养殖床内的温度为22℃，喷淋器1定期喷水使养殖床内的湿度为70％，夜间开启灯带2进行灯光照明，防止蚯蚓外逃。通过养殖床的养殖传送带不断运转，有机垃圾3和蚯蚓由上一层养殖传送带跌落至下一层养殖传送带，直至从导出传送带上导出混合物料。通过养殖传送带的不断传动使得有机垃圾和蚯蚓间隔一段时间即被翻转一次，实现有效地翻转和透气，以确保垃圾处理过程中蚯蚓的新陈代谢保持旺盛状态。通过蚯蚓独特的消化系统，在蛋白酶、脂肪分解酶、纤维酶、淀粉酶的作用下，能迅速分解、转化垃圾制成的有机垃圾，成为自身或其他生物易于利用的营养物质。
通过导出传送带8将混合物料传递至如图2所示的分筛装置上分离蚯蚓。所述分筛装置包括两个驱动轮、套在所述驱动轮上的传送带10，以及设置于所述传送带外层滚筒状的分筛带11，设置在传送带出口端下方的蚯蚓收集盒14，设置于所述传送带正下方的其他物料收集盒13。所述分筛带上有筛孔(孔径4cm)和位于分筛带内侧的阻隔柱。本发明所述的分筛带为滚筒状并套在传动带的外层。所述分筛带上的阻隔柱用于拦截蚯蚓，非蚯蚓成分则从分筛带的筛孔中掉落。
当混合物料被导入所述分筛装置后，首先落入外层不断滚动的分筛带11，非蚯蚓成分从分筛带11的筛孔中漏出，随着分筛带滚动掉落至设置于传动带正下方的其他物料收集盒13中；蚯蚓从筛孔漏出后被阻隔柱拦截在分筛带上，防止其掉落到其他物料收集盒13中，当阻隔柱随着分筛带运动至最顶端时蚯蚓从分筛带掉落至传送带10上，由传送带19传运送到传送带导出端下方的蚯蚓收集盒14中，分别得到蚯蚓和其他物料(蚯蚓粪)。
观察分离得到的其他物料，其中还含有未处理的有机垃圾则重新投入导入传送带中继续处理，重复上述步骤，直到分离的其他物料中不含有未处理的有机垃圾即为蚯蚓粪。
实施例4
在室内设置一个如图1所示的自动化立体蚯蚓养殖装置，该装置包括导入传送带7、导出传送带8和养殖床；所述养殖床包括垂直方向上间隔设置的多层养殖传送带，上层养殖传送带的物料移出端位于下层养殖传送带的带体上方，每层养殖传送带包括两个驱动轮4和套在两个驱动轮上的带体5，相邻两层养殖传送带的运动方向不同。所述养殖传送带的长为35m，宽为2m，养殖传送带共12层。所述养殖床还包括总控柜6、喷淋器1和灯带2；每层养殖传送带的上方分别设置有喷淋器1和灯带2；所述养殖传送带、喷淋器1和灯带2与总控柜电6连接，由总控柜6统一控制。所述养殖床最上层的养殖传送带上方设有一个向上倾斜的导入传送带7，所述养殖床最下层的养殖传送带下方设有一个向下倾斜的导出传送带8。自动化立体蚯蚓养殖装置的材质为不锈钢。
待处理的有机垃圾共500kg，其质量由40％的各种禽畜粪便、40％的秸秆和20％的果渣组成。将上述有机垃圾混合后制成厚度30cm、与导入传送带同宽的形状后，通过导入传送带导入到养殖床中。
将蚯蚓种按照接种量1.5kg/m 2接种到养殖床的最上层养殖传送带带体5上，蚯蚓种的规格为0.4～0.5g/条。接种后开启导入传送带，将有机垃圾通过导入传送带7不断传入养殖床中，使有机垃圾覆盖在接种了蚯蚓种的养殖传送带上。控制总控柜6开启养殖床，控制养殖床内的温度为22℃，喷淋器1定期喷水使养殖床内的湿度为68％，夜间开启灯带2进行灯光照明，防止蚯蚓外逃。通过养殖床的养殖传送带不断运转，有机垃圾3和蚯蚓由上一层养殖传送带跌落至下一层养殖传送带，直至从导出传送带上导出混合物料。通过养殖传送带的不断传动使得有机垃圾和蚯蚓间隔一段时间即被翻转一次，实现有效地翻转和透气，以确保垃圾处理过程中蚯蚓的新陈代谢保持旺盛状态。通过蚯蚓独特的消化系统，在蛋白酶、脂肪分解酶、纤维酶、淀粉酶的作用下，能迅速分解、转化垃圾制成的有机垃圾，成为自身或其他生物易于利用的营养物质。
通过导出传送带8将混合物料传递至如图2所示的分筛装置上分离蚯蚓。所述分筛装置包括两个驱动轮、套在所述驱动轮上的传送带10，以及设置于所述传送带外层滚筒状的分筛带11，设置在传送带出口端下方的蚯蚓收集盒14，设置于所述传送带正下方的其他物料收集盒13。所述分筛带上有筛孔(孔径3.5cm)和位于分筛带内侧的阻隔柱。本发明所述的分筛带为滚筒状并套在传动带的外层。所述分筛带上的阻隔柱用于拦截蚯蚓，非蚯蚓成分则从分筛带的筛孔中掉落。
当混合物料被导入所述分筛装置后，首先落入外层不断滚动的分筛带11，非蚯蚓成分从分筛带11的筛孔中漏出，随着分筛带滚动掉落至设置于传动带正下方的其他物料收集盒13中；蚯蚓从筛孔漏出后被阻隔柱拦截在分筛带上，防止其掉落到其他物料收集盒13中，当阻隔柱随着分筛带运动至最顶端时蚯蚓从分筛带掉落至传送带10上，由传送带19传运送到传送带导出端下方的蚯蚓收集盒14中，分别得到蚯蚓和其他物料(蚯蚓粪)。
观察分离得到的其他物料，其中还含有未处理的有机垃圾则重新投入 导入传送带中继续处理，重复上述步骤，直到分离的其他物料中不含有未处理的有机垃圾即为蚯蚓粪。
实施例5
在室内设置一个如图1所示的自动化立体蚯蚓养殖装置，该装置包括导入传送带7、导出传送带8和养殖床；所述养殖床包括垂直方向上间隔设置的多层养殖传送带，上层养殖传送带的物料移出端位于下层养殖传送带的带体上方，每层养殖传送带包括两个驱动轮4和套在两个驱动轮上的带体5，相邻两层养殖传送带的运动方向不同。所述养殖传送带的长为2m，宽为1m，共两层养殖传送带。所述养殖床还包括总控柜6、喷淋器1和灯带2；每层养殖传送带的上方分别设置有喷淋器1和灯带2；所述养殖传送带、喷淋器1和灯带2与总控柜电6连接，由总控柜6统一控制。所述养殖床最上层的养殖传送带上方设有一个向上倾斜的导入传送带7，所述养殖床最下层的养殖传送带下方设有一个向下倾斜的导出传送带8。自动化立体蚯蚓养殖装置的材质为不锈钢。
待处理的有机垃圾共10kg，由污泥组成。将上述有机垃圾混合后制成厚度20cm、与导入传送带同宽的形状后，通过导入传送带导入到养殖床中。
将蚯蚓种按照接种量1.5kg/m 2接种到养殖床的最上层养殖传送带带体5上，蚯蚓种的规格为0.3～0.5g/条。接种后开启导入传送带，将有机垃圾通过导入传送带7不断传入养殖床中，使有机垃圾覆盖在接种了蚯蚓种的养殖传送带上。控制总控柜6开启养殖床，控制养殖床内的温度为20℃，喷淋器1定期喷水使养殖床内的湿度为70％，夜间开启灯带2进行灯光照明，防止蚯蚓外逃。通过养殖床的养殖传送带不断运转，有机垃圾3和蚯蚓由上一层养殖传送带跌落至下一层养殖传送带，直至从导出传送带上导出混合物料。通过养殖传送带的不断传动使得有机垃圾和蚯蚓间隔一段时间即被翻转一次，实现有效地翻转和透气，以确保垃圾处理过程中蚯蚓的新陈代谢保持旺盛状态。通过蚯蚓独特的消化系统，在蛋白酶、脂肪分解酶、纤维酶、淀粉酶的作用下，能迅速分解、转化垃圾制成的有机垃圾，成为自身或其他生物易于利用的营养物质。
通过导出传送带8将混合物料传递至如图2所示的分筛装置上分离蚯蚓。所述分筛装置包括两个驱动轮、套在所述驱动轮上的传送带10，以及设置于所述传送带外层滚筒状的分筛带11，设置在传送带出口端下方的蚯蚓收集盒14，设置于所述传送带正下方的其他物料收集盒13。所述分筛带上有筛孔(孔径5cm)和位于分筛带内侧的阻隔柱。本发明所述的分筛带为滚筒状并套在传动带的外层。所述分筛带上的阻隔柱用于拦截蚯蚓，非蚯蚓成分则从分筛带的筛孔中掉落。
当混合物料被导入所述分筛装置后，首先落入外层不断滚动的分筛带11，非蚯蚓成分从分筛带11的筛孔中漏出，随着分筛带滚动掉落至设置于传动带正下方的其他物料收集盒13中；蚯蚓从筛孔漏出后被阻隔柱拦截在分筛带上，防止其掉落到其他物料收集盒13中，当阻隔柱随着分筛带运动至最顶端时蚯蚓从分筛带掉落至传送带10上，由传送带19传运送到传送带导出端下方的蚯蚓收集盒14中，分别得到蚯蚓和其他物料(蚯蚓粪)。
观察分离得到的其他物料，其中还含有未处理的有机垃圾则重新投入导入传送带中继续处理，重复上述步骤，直到分离的其他物料中不含有未处理的有机垃圾即为蚯蚓粪。
对比例1
待处理的有机垃圾由污泥组成。将待处理的有机垃圾制成宽1.6m、厚度20cm、长0.625m的形状，放入养殖箱内。将蚯蚓种接入上述装有待处理的有机垃圾的养殖箱内，接种量为1.5kg/m 2，蚯蚓种的规格为0.3～0.5g/条。制备多个养殖箱进行室内立体排设，垃圾处理期间定期对养殖箱进行人工翻堆。控制养殖箱内温度20℃、湿度70％，定期检视，注意蚯蚓生长、繁殖以及产卵提供灯光照明，防止蚯蚓外逃。当养殖箱内无未处理的有机垃圾后，停止处理，得到混合产物，人工分拣得到蚯蚓和蚯蚓粪。
对比例2
待处理的有机垃圾由污泥组成。将待处理的有机垃圾制成宽1.8m、 厚度20cm、长0.74m的形状，放入养殖框内。将蚯蚓种接入上述装有待处理的有机垃圾的养殖框内，接种量为1.5kg/m 2，蚯蚓种的规格为0.3～0.5g/条。制备多个养殖框进行室内立体排设，垃圾处理期间定期对养殖箱进行人工翻堆。控制养殖箱内温度20℃、湿度70％，定期检视，注意蚯蚓生长、繁殖以及产卵提供灯光照明，防止蚯蚓外逃。当养殖框内无未处理的有机垃圾后，停止处理，得到混合产物，人工分拣得到蚯蚓和蚯蚓粪。
实施例5
本次试验对本发明所述的垃圾处理效率进行验证
1、按照表1的处理方式对来源于同一水厂的污泥进行垃圾处理：
表1 垃圾处理条件
Figure PCTCN2018086485-appb-000001
2、上述各组的蚯蚓垃圾处理结果如表2所示，并计算不同方法的垃圾处理效率，该效率按照每千克接种蚯蚓每日能够处理的垃圾量计算。
表2 不同垃圾处理结果
Figure PCTCN2018086485-appb-000002
PS：以常规露天蚯蚓垃圾处理方法的效率(接种1kg蚯蚓每天处理1.2kg左右垃圾)为基础计算垃圾处理效率的提高百分比。
可以看出，采用实施例5所示的方法相对于传统养殖箱、养殖框等处理方式，垃圾处理效率有显著提高。
同时，采用实施例5所示的方法无需进行人工翻堆，并且人工翻堆不但成本高并且效果不稳定，无法达到现代化大规模垃圾处理的要求。本发明所述垃圾处理方法不但能够节约人工翻堆成本，还能使得蚯蚓与待处理的有机垃圾在翻堆时充分接触，无需设置更多的透气装置来保证蚯蚓分解时的需氧量。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种提高蚯蚓处理垃圾效率的方法，其特征在于，利用自动化立体养殖装置进行蚯蚓垃圾处理；
    所述自动化立体蚯蚓养殖装置，包括养殖床、导入传送带和导出传送带；
    所述养殖床包括垂直方向上间隔设置的多层养殖传送带，每层养殖传送带包括两个驱动轮和套在两个驱动轮上的带体，上层养殖传送带的物料输出端位于下层养殖传送带的带体上方；所述导入传送带的输出端设置于所述养殖床最上层的养殖传送带上方，所述养殖床最下层养殖传送带的输出端下方设有导出传送带；
    在所述养殖床上接种蚯蚓种，所述蚯蚓种接种量为1.2～3.2kg/m 2；将待处理的有机垃圾通过所述导入传送带传至养殖床上，蚯蚓在温度15～28℃、湿度60～80％的条件下进行垃圾处理，所述垃圾处理时，蚯蚓种和有机垃圾随所述养殖传送带的滚动掉落至下一层养殖传送带，直至从导出传送带上导出混合物料。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述提高蚯蚓处理垃圾效率的方法，其特征在于，所述养殖床中养殖传送带层数为2～12层。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述提高蚯蚓处理垃圾效率的方法，其特征在于，每层所述的养殖传送带长度为2～100m、宽度1～2m。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述提高蚯蚓处理垃圾效率的方法，其特征在于，所述养殖床还包括总控柜、喷淋器和灯带；每层养殖传送带的上方分别设置有喷淋器和灯带；所述养殖传送带、喷淋器和灯带与总控柜电连接，由总控柜统一控制。
  5. 根据权利要求1～4任意一项所述提高蚯蚓处理垃圾效率的方法，其特征在于，所述接种时，蚯蚓种的质量为0.3～0.8g/条。
  6. 根据权利要求1～4任意一项所述提高蚯蚓处理垃圾效率的方法，其特征在于，所述待处理的有机垃圾包括污泥、秸秆、枯枝落叶、禽畜粪便、生活有机垃圾和工业有机废弃物中的一种或多种。
  7. 根据权利要求1～4任意一项所述提高蚯蚓处理垃圾效率的方法， 其特征在于，将待处理的有机垃圾制成厚度10～30cm且与导入传送带同宽的形状，通过导入传送带传入养殖床。
  8. 根据权利要求1～4任意一项所述提高蚯蚓处理垃圾效率的方法，其特征在于，在所述垃圾处理时，当环境湿度低于68％时，所述喷淋器每小时每平米的喷水量为8～15mL。
  9. 根据权利要求1～4任意一项所述提高蚯蚓处理垃圾效率的方法，其特征在于，所述垃圾处理后还包括：分离所述混合物料中蚯蚓和垃圾处理料。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述提高蚯蚓处理垃圾的方法，其特征在于，若分离得到的垃圾处理料还存在未处理的有机垃圾，则将垃圾处理料作为待处理的有机垃圾，再次导入养殖床上进行垃圾处理。
  11. 根据权利要求9或10所述提高蚯蚓处理垃圾效率的方法，其特征在于，所述自动化立体蚯蚓养殖装置还包括分筛装置，用于分离所述混合物料中的蚯蚓和垃圾处理料，所述分筛装置设置在导出传送带的导出端。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述提高蚯蚓处理垃圾效率的方法，其特征在于，所述分筛装置包括两个驱动轮、套在所述驱动轮上的传送带，以及设置于所述传送带外层呈滚筒状的分筛带，所述分筛带上有筛孔和位于分筛带内侧的阻隔柱。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述提高蚯蚓处理垃圾效率的方法，其特征在于，所述筛孔大小为2～5cm。
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