WO2019213802A1 - 电桥驱动系统和车辆 - Google Patents

电桥驱动系统和车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019213802A1
WO2019213802A1 PCT/CN2018/085821 CN2018085821W WO2019213802A1 WO 2019213802 A1 WO2019213802 A1 WO 2019213802A1 CN 2018085821 W CN2018085821 W CN 2018085821W WO 2019213802 A1 WO2019213802 A1 WO 2019213802A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
gear
differential
drive system
planetary gear
bridge drive
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2018/085821
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘磊
翟青泉
Original Assignee
舍弗勒技术股份两合公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 舍弗勒技术股份两合公司 filed Critical 舍弗勒技术股份两合公司
Priority to CN201880090866.2A priority Critical patent/CN111819098A/zh
Priority to US17/050,542 priority patent/US11318836B2/en
Priority to DE112018007566.4T priority patent/DE112018007566T5/de
Priority to PCT/CN2018/085821 priority patent/WO2019213802A1/zh
Publication of WO2019213802A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019213802A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
    • B60K17/16—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of differential gearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
    • B60K17/06—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of change-speed gearing
    • B60K17/08—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of change-speed gearing of mechanical type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/006—Structural association of a motor or generator with the drive train of a motor vehicle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K2001/001—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units one motor mounted on a propulsion axle for rotating right and left wheels of this axle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2300/00—Purposes or special features of road vehicle drive control systems
    • B60Y2300/18—Propelling the vehicle
    • B60Y2300/18008—Propelling the vehicle related to particular drive situations
    • B60Y2300/18108—Braking
    • B60Y2300/18141—Braking for parking
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2400/00—Special features of vehicle units
    • B60Y2400/70—Gearings
    • B60Y2400/73—Planetary gearings

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a bridge drive system. More specifically, the present invention relates to a single speed bridge drive system.
  • the bridge drive system is used in hybrid vehicles or purely electric vehicles.
  • 1 is a schematic diagram of a single speed bridge drive system.
  • the bridge drive system may include an electric motor 100, an input shaft 200, a planetary gear device 300, a transmission gear 410, a parking gear 420, and a differential 500.
  • the transmission gear 410, the parking gear 420, and the planetary transmission 300 are sequentially disposed on the input shaft 200 in a direction away from the motor 100.
  • the sun gear of the planetary gear device 300 is fixed to the input shaft 200.
  • the planet carrier of the planetary gear device 300 is rotatably supported on a housing (not shown) of the bridge drive system by ball bearings.
  • the outer ring gear of the planetary gear device 300 is fixed to the housing.
  • the transmission gear 410 and the parking gear 420 are fixed to the carrier by welding.
  • the motor shaft 110 of the motor 100 is supported on a motor housing (not shown) by bearings.
  • the input shaft 200 is coupled to the motor shaft 110 of the motor 100 by a spline at one end thereof, and is rotatably supported on the carrier by a ball bearing at the other end thereof.
  • the differential 500 is a planetary gear differential.
  • the differential 500 includes an input gear 510 that meshes with the transmission gear 410.
  • the planet carrier of the differential 500 is integrated with the input gear 510 and is rotatably supported on the housing by bearings.
  • the differential 500 includes a plurality of long planetary gears and a plurality of short planetary gears that are supported on the planet carrier by pins, respectively.
  • the differential 500 further includes a large half-shaft gear and a small half-shaft gear, the long planetary gear meshes with the short planetary gear, and the large half-shaft gear meshes with the long planetary gear, and the small half-shaft gear meshes with the short planetary gear.
  • power is transmitted from the input gear 510 to the two half shafts of the differential 500.
  • the parking gear 420 is engaged with an external parking device (not shown) to lock the half shaft of the differential 500.
  • This bridge drive system requires complex support structures to support the input shaft and planet carrier, and more and larger bearings increase cost. Considering the input shaft and the bearings for the input shaft, a large-sized carrier and a bearing for the carrier are required. The complex structure of the planet carrier and the welding of the transmission gear and the parking gear to the planet carrier increase the manufacturing difficulty and cost, and the lubrication of the planetary gear device is difficult. The size of the drive gear is limited by the input shaft and the planet carrier, which affects the gear ratio of the bridge drive system. Since the input shaft is supported by the bearing only on one side, there is insufficient support for the input shaft. Planetary gear differentials have a complex structure and many components. Such a bridge drive system is difficult to achieve a large gear ratio in a compact layout without the use of an intermediate shaft.
  • An aspect of the invention provides a bridge driving system for a vehicle, comprising: an electric motor; a transmission shaft connected to the electric motor in a rotationally fixed manner; and a first gear gear disposed on the transmission shaft in a rotationally fixed manner; a second gear that is disposed to mesh with the first gear; a planetary gear device, wherein the second gear is rotationally coupled to an input end of the planetary gear device; and a differential, wherein the planetary gear device The output is connected to the input of the differential in a rotationally fixed manner, wherein the second gear, the planetary gear arrangement and the differential are arranged coaxially.
  • the planetary gear device comprises: a sun gear as an input end of the planetary gear device and connected to the second gear in a rotationally fixed manner; a planet carrier as the planetary gear device An output end and located radially outward of the sun gear; an outer ring gear fixed to the housing of the bridge drive system, surrounding the sun gear and the planet carrier; and a plurality of planet wheels, each planet A wheel is rotatably coupled to the planet carrier and is arranged to mesh with the outer ring gear and the sun gear.
  • the differential comprises: a differential case as an input end of the differential rotatably supported on the housing and connected to the planet carrier in a rotationally fixed manner a first half shaft that passes axially through the sun gear and the second gear; and a second half shaft that extends from the differential in a direction away from the planetary gear device.
  • the second gear and the sun gear are integrally formed.
  • the sun gear is supported on the differential case by bearings, and the second gear is supported on the housing by bearings.
  • the planet carrier is integrally formed with the differential case.
  • the bridge drive system further includes: a third gear that is coupled to the first gear in a rotationally fixed manner and that is engageable with a parking device of the vehicle to lock the half shaft of the differential The rotation.
  • the third gear is integrally formed with the first gear.
  • the sun gear is supported on the differential case in the axial direction by a thrust bearing
  • the second gear is supported on the housing in the axial direction by a thrust bearing
  • Another aspect of the present invention provides a vehicle including a bridge drive system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the bridge drive system may have an integrated structure, for example, the motor shaft is integrally formed with the drive shaft, the parking gear and the drive transmission gear are integrally formed, the differential case and the carrier are integrally formed, the sun gear and The passive transmission gear is integrally formed.
  • This integrated design reduces component count, reduces cost and makes the bridge drive system more compact.
  • the bridge drive system of the present invention may have an improved support structure, such as a simplified support structure for the input shaft and the planetary gear arrangement.
  • the planetary transmission of the bridge drive system of the present invention can be better lubricated.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic illustration of a bridge drive system.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a bridge drive system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a bridge drive system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the bridge drive system according to the present invention can be installed in an electric vehicle or a fuel cell vehicle that is driven by an electric motor or a hybrid vehicle that uses both an electric motor and an internal combustion engine as a drive source.
  • the bridge drive system may include a housing (not shown), an electric motor 10, a transmission shaft 20, a planetary gear unit 30, a first gear 41, a second gear 42, and a differential 50.
  • the electric motor 10 can include a stator and a rotor. Both the stator and the rotor are disposed within the housing.
  • the drive shaft 20 can be coupled to the electric motor 10, such as the rotor of the electric motor 10, in a torque-resistant manner.
  • the drive shaft 20 and the rotor of the motor 10 may be connected in a torsionally manner by interference press fitting, splines, or the like.
  • the drive shaft 20 can be rotatably supported on the housing.
  • the drive shaft 20 may be supported by a bearing 61 at one axial end, supported by a bearing 62 at the other axial end, and supported by a bearing 63 at an intermediate position.
  • the drive shaft 20 can function both as a motor shaft for the motor 10 and as an input shaft for the transmission, which simplifies the support structure for the drive shaft and increases the rigidity of the drive shaft.
  • the first gear 41 is rotatably disposed on the transmission shaft 20 such that the first gear 41 and the transmission shaft 20 can be rotated at the same speed.
  • the first gear 41 can be coupled to the drive shaft 20 in a rotationally fixed manner by splines or the like.
  • the first gear 41 may be a spur gear, such as a helical gear.
  • the second gear 42 is disposed to mesh with the first gear 41.
  • the axis of rotation of the second gear 42 may be parallel to the drive shaft 20 and offset in the radial direction.
  • the second gear 42 is rotatably supported on the housing, such as by a bearing (described below).
  • the first gear 41 may be a spur gear, such as a helical gear.
  • the planetary gear unit 30 can function as a shifting device for the bridge drive system.
  • the planetary gear device 30 may reduce the rotational speed input by the electric motor 10.
  • the planetary gear device 30 may include a sun gear 31, a carrier 32, an outer ring gear 33, and a plurality of planet gears 34.
  • the sun gear 31 can be rotatably supported, for example, on the differential 50 (described below).
  • the sun gear 31 may serve as an input to the planetary gear set 30 and is connected to the second gear 42 in a rotationally fixed manner.
  • the sun gear 31 and the second gear 42 may be integrally formed.
  • the planet carrier 32 is rotatably disposed relative to the sun gear 31.
  • the planet carrier 32 may serve as an output of the planetary gear arrangement 30 and is connected to the input of the differential 50 (described below) in a rotationally fixed manner.
  • the carrier 32 is disposed coaxially with the sun gear 31 and surrounds the sun gear 31 in the radial direction.
  • the outer ring gear 33 can be fixed to the housing.
  • the outer ring gear 33 is disposed coaxially with the sun gear 31 and surrounds the sun gear 31 and the carrier 32.
  • the planetary gear 34 is disposed between the sun gear 31 and the outer ring gear 33, and meshes with the sun gear 31 and the outer ring gear 33.
  • Each planet gear 34 is rotatably coupled to the planet carrier 32, such as by pins and needle bearings.
  • the outer ring gear 33 may have radial internal teeth to mesh with the planet gears 34.
  • the planet gears 34 include first engaging teeth portions 34A and second engaging tooth portions 34B that are sequentially disposed in the axial direction, wherein the first engaging teeth portions 34A are for engaging with the sun gear 31. And the second engaging tooth portion 34B is for engaging with the outer ring gear 33.
  • the diameter of the first coupling tooth portion 34A is greater than the diameter of the second engagement tooth portion 34B. Therefore, the planetary gear device 30 can obtain a larger gear ratio in the same radial space, and the radial space of the differential case 51 can be utilized due to the arrangement of the second engaging tooth portions 34B. In this case, the planetary gear unit 30 does not need to be increased in size in the radial direction and the axial direction, and contributes to a compact arrangement of the bridge drive system.
  • the differential 50 may include a differential case 51, a first half shaft 52, a second half shaft 53 and a differential gear set 54 and the like.
  • the differential case 51 can be rotatably supported on the housing.
  • the differential case 51 may be supported on the housing by bearings 64 at one axial end and may be supported by the planet wheels 34 at the other axial end. It is fixed to the outer ring gear 33 of the housing.
  • the differential case 51 can serve as an input to the differential 50 and is coupled to the planet carrier 32 in a rotationally fixed manner.
  • the differential case 51 is integrally formed with the carrier 32.
  • the differential gear set 54 is used to transfer power from the input of the differential 50 to the output, such as from the differential case 51 to the axles 52 and 53.
  • the differential gear set 54 can be a bevel gear set.
  • the first half shaft 52 and the second half shaft 53 are for being respectively connected to the wheels of the vehicle.
  • the first half shaft 52 and the second half shaft 53 are coaxially disposed.
  • the first half shaft 52 and the second half shaft 53 may be rotationally coupled to the side gears in the differential gear shaft 54, respectively.
  • the first half shaft 52 and the second half shaft 53 are respectively located on both axial sides of the differential gear set 54.
  • the first half shaft 52 extends from the differential gear set 54 through the differential case 51, the planetary gear unit 30 (sun gear 31) and the second gear 42 in one axial direction.
  • the second half shaft 53 extends from the differential gear set 54 through the differential case 51 in the opposite axial direction.
  • the second gear 42, the sun gear 31, and the first half shaft 52 may be disposed coaxially.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a bridge drive system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 is identical in many respects to the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, and thus the same reference numerals are used to identify the same or similar components and signals.
  • the planetary transmission 30 and the differential 50 are disposed on the side of the second gear 42 that is adjacent to the motor 10. Except for this, the bridge driving system shown in Fig. 3 has a configuration similar to that shown in Fig. 2.
  • the sun gear 31 and the second gear 42 may be supported on the housing in the radial direction by bearings 65 and may be supported axially by bearings 66 and 67, respectively.
  • Bearings 66 and 67 may be thrust bearings.
  • the bridge drive system may further include a third gear 43 to serve as a parking gear.
  • the third gear 43 can be coupled to the first gear 41 in a rotationally fixed manner.
  • the third gear 43 and the first gear 41 are connected by a spline.
  • the third gear 43 may be integrally formed with the first gear 41.
  • the third gear 43 locks the rotation of the drive shaft 20 and thereby locks the rotation of the half shafts 52 and 53 of the differential 50 when engaged with an external parking device (not shown).
  • the power of the motor 10 is via the drive shaft 20, the first gear 41, the second gear 42, the sun gear 31, the planet gears 34, the planet carrier 32, the differential case
  • the 51 and differential gear sets 54 are transmitted to the first half shaft 52 and the second half shaft 53.
  • the third gear 43 described above as a parking gear is connected to the first gear 41.
  • the parking gear can also be placed at other locations, only that it can lock the rotation of the half shaft of the differential when engaged with the external parking device.
  • the parking gear can be connected to the second gear 42 or the sun gear 31 or the like in a rotationally fixed manner.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Retarders (AREA)
  • Arrangement Or Mounting Of Propulsion Units For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于车辆的电桥驱动系统及包括其的车辆，包括：电动机(10)；传动轴(20)，其抗扭转地连接到电动机(10)；第一齿轮(41)，其抗扭转地设置在传动轴(20)上；第二齿轮(42)，其设置成与第一齿轮(41)啮合；行星齿轮装置(30)，其中第二齿轮(42)抗扭转地连接到行星齿轮装置(30)的输入端；和差速器(50)，其中行星齿轮装置(30)的输出端抗扭转地连接到差速器(50)的输入端，其中，第二齿轮(42)、行星齿轮装置(30)和差速器(50)同轴地设置，该电桥驱动系统能够在紧凑的空间内具有较大的传动比。

Description

电桥驱动系统和车辆 技术领域
本发明涉及电桥驱动系统。更具体地，本发明涉及单速电桥驱动系统。
背景技术
电桥驱动系统用于混合动力车辆或纯电动车辆。图1是一种单速电桥驱动系统的示意图。如图1所示，电桥驱动系统可以包括电动机100、输入轴200、行星齿轮装置300、传动齿轮410、驻车齿轮420和差速器500。传动齿轮410、驻车齿轮420和行星传动装置300在输入轴200上沿着远离电动机100的方向依次布置。行星齿轮装置300的太阳轮固定在输入轴200上。行星齿轮装置300的行星架通过滚珠轴承被可转动地支撑在电桥驱动系统的壳体(未示出)上。行星齿轮装置300的外齿圈固定到壳体。传动齿轮410和驻车齿轮420通过焊接被固定到行星架。电动机100的电动机轴110通过轴承被支撑在电动机壳体(未示出)上。输入轴200在其一端处通过花键抗扭转地连接到电动机100的电动机轴110，并且在其另一端处通过滚珠轴承被可转动地支撑在行星架上。差速器500是行星齿轮差速器。差速器500包括输入齿轮510，其与传动齿轮410啮合。差速器500的行星架与输入齿轮510集成在一起，并且通过轴承被可转动地支撑在壳体上。差速器500包括多个长行星齿轮和多个短行星齿轮，其分别通过销被支撑在行星架上。差速器500还包括一个大半轴齿轮和一个小半轴齿轮，长行星齿轮与短行星齿轮啮合，同时大半轴齿轮与长行星齿轮啮合，小半轴齿轮与短行星齿轮啮合。由此，动力将从输入齿轮510传递到差速器500的两个半轴。在驻车状态下，驻车齿轮420与外部驻车装置(未示出)啮合，以锁止差速器500的半轴。
这种电桥驱动系统在支撑输入轴和行星架时需要复杂的支撑结构，更 多且更大的轴承会提高成本。考虑到输入轴和用于输入轴的轴承，需要大尺寸的行星架和用于行星架的轴承。行星架的复杂结构以及将传动齿轮和驻车齿轮焊接到行星架都会提高制造难度和成本，并且行星齿轮装置的润滑比较困难。传动齿轮的尺寸受到输入轴和行星架限制，这会影响电桥驱动系统的传动比。由于输入轴仅在一侧由轴承支撑，因此对输入轴的支撑存在不足。行星齿轮差动器具有复杂的结构和较多的组成部件。在不使用中间轴的情况下，这种电桥驱动系统难以在紧凑布局中获得较大的传动比。
为此，需要一种具有改进的电桥驱动系统。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是提供具有改进的支撑结构的电桥驱动系统。本发明的另一目的是提供具有较好支承刚度的电桥驱动系统。本发明的另一目的是提供能够降低轴向尺寸并且降低成本的电桥驱动系统。本发明的另一个目的是提供在紧凑的空间内具有较大传动比的电桥驱动系统。本发明的另一个目的是提供润滑性能及NVH良好的电桥驱动系统。
本发明的一个方面提供一种用于车辆的电桥驱动系统，包括：电动机；传动轴，其抗扭转地连接到所述电动机；第一齿轮，其抗扭转地设置在所述传动轴上；第二齿轮，其设置成与所述第一齿轮啮合；行星齿轮装置，其中所述第二齿轮抗扭转地连接到所述行星齿轮装置的输入端；和差速器，其中所述行星齿轮装置的输出端抗扭转地连接到所述差速器的输入端，其中，所述第二齿轮、所述行星齿轮装置和所述差速器同轴地设置。
根据本发明的实施例，所述行星齿轮装置包括：太阳齿轮，其作为所述行星齿轮装置的输入端并且抗扭转地连接到所述第二齿轮；行星架，其作为所述行星齿轮装置的输出端并且位于所述太阳齿轮的径向外侧；外齿圈，其固定到所述电桥驱动系统的壳体，环绕所述太阳齿轮和所述行星架；和多个行星轮，每个行星轮可转动地连接到所述行星架，并且布置成与所述外齿圈和所述太阳齿轮啮合。
根据本发明的实施例，所述差速器包括：差速器壳，其作为所述差速 器的输入端，可转动地支撑在所述壳体上并且抗扭转地连接到所述行星架；第一半轴，其沿轴向穿过所述太阳齿轮和所述第二齿轮；和第二半轴，其从所述差速器沿着远离所述行星齿轮装置的方向延伸。
根据本发明的实施例，所述第二齿轮和所述太阳齿轮一体形成。
根据本发明的实施例，所述太阳齿轮通过轴承被支撑在所述差速器壳上，并且所述第二齿轮通过轴承被支撑在所述壳体上。
根据本发明的实施例，所述行星架与所述差速器壳一体形成。
根据本发明的实施例，电桥驱动系统还包括：第三齿轮，其抗扭转地连接到所述第一齿轮，并且能够与车辆的驻车装置啮合以锁止所述差速器的半轴的旋转。
根据本发明的实施例，所述第三齿轮与所述第一齿轮一体形成。
根据本发明的实施例，所述太阳齿轮在轴向上通过推力轴承被支撑在所述差速器壳上，并且所述第二齿轮在轴向上通过推力轴承被支撑在所述壳体上。
本发明的另一方面提供一种车辆，包括根据本发明的实施例的电桥驱动系统。
根据本发明的实施例，电桥驱动系统可以具有集成化的结构，例如电动机轴与传动轴一体形成、驻车齿轮和主动传动齿轮一体形成、差速器壳和行星架一体形成、太阳齿轮和被动传动齿轮一体形成。这种集成化设计可以减少部件数量、降低成本并且使电桥驱动系统更紧凑。本发明的电桥驱动系统可以具有改进的支撑结构，例如简化用于输入轴和行星齿轮装置的支撑结构。此外，本发明中的电桥驱动系统的行星传动装置可以得到更好的润滑。
附图说明
图1是一种电桥驱动系统的示意图。
图2是根据本发明的实施例的电桥驱动系统的示意图。
图3是根据本发明的实施例的电桥驱动系统的示意图。
具体实施方式
下文中，参照附图描述本发明的实施例。下面的详细描述和附图用于示例性地说明本发明的原理，本发明不限于所描述的优选实施例，本发明的范围由权利要求书限定。现参考示例性的实施方式详细描述本发明，一些实施例图示在附图中。以下描述参考附图进行，除非另有表示，否则在不同附图中的相同附图标记代表相同或类似的元件。以下示例性实施方式中描述的方案不代表本发明的所有方案。相反，这些方案仅是所附权利要求中涉及的本发明的各个方面的系统和方法的示例。
根据本发明的电桥驱动系统可以安装在以电动机为驱动源的电动汽车或燃料电池汽车或者以电动机和内燃机两者为驱动源的混合动力汽车中。
图2是本发明的实施例的电桥驱动系统的示意图。如图2所示，电桥驱动系统可以包括壳体(未图示)、电动机10、传动轴20、行星齿轮装置30、第一齿轮41、第二齿轮42和差速器50。
电动机10可以包括定子和转子。定子和转子都设置在壳体内。传动轴20可以抗扭转地连接到电动机10，例如电动机10的转子。例如，传动轴20和电动机10的转子可以通过过盈压装、花键等抗扭转地连接。传动轴20可以可转动地支撑在壳体上。例如，如图2所示，传动轴20可以在一个轴向端处通过轴承61被支撑，在另一轴向端处通过轴承62被支撑，并且在中间位置通过轴承63被支撑。根据本发明的实施例，传动轴20可以既作为电动机10的电动机轴，又作为用于传动的输入轴，这可以简化对于传动轴的支撑结构并且提高传动轴的刚度。
第一齿轮41可以抗扭转地设置在传动轴20上，从而第一齿轮41与传动轴20可以以相同速度转动。在一些实施例中，第一齿轮41可以通过花键等与传动轴20抗扭转地连接。在示例性实施例中，第一齿轮41可以是圆柱齿轮，例如斜齿圆柱齿轮。
第二齿轮42设置成与第一齿轮41啮合。第二齿轮42的旋转轴线可以与传动轴20平行并且沿径向偏移。第二齿轮42被可转动地支撑在壳体上，例如通过轴承(下文描述)。在示例性实施例中，第一齿轮41可以是圆柱齿轮，例如斜齿圆柱齿轮。
行星齿轮装置30可以作为电桥驱动系统的变速装置。在示例性实施例中，行星齿轮装置30可以降低由电动机10输入的转速。如图2所示，行星齿轮装置30可以包括太阳齿轮31、行星架32、外齿圈33和多个行星轮34。
太阳齿轮31可以被可转动地支撑，例如被支撑在差速器50上(下文描述)。在示例性实施例中，太阳齿轮31可以作为行星齿轮装置30的输入端，并且抗扭转地连接到第二齿轮42。在示例性实施例中，太阳齿轮31与第二齿轮42可以一体形成。
行星架32相对于太阳齿轮31可转动地设置。在示例性实施例中，行星架32可以作为行星齿轮装置30的输出端，并且抗扭转地连接到差速器50的输入端(下文描述)。行星架32设置成与太阳齿轮31同轴，并且在径向上围绕太阳齿轮31。
外齿圈33可以固定到壳体上。外齿圈33设置成与太阳齿轮31同轴并且围绕太阳齿轮31和行星架32。
行星轮34布置在太阳齿轮31和外齿圈33之间，并且与太阳齿轮31和外齿圈33啮合。每个行星轮34可转动地连接到行星架32，例如通过销和滚针轴承等。在示例性实施例中，外齿圈33可以具有径向内齿，以与行星轮34啮合。在一些实施例中，如图2所示，行星轮34包括沿轴向依次设置的第一接合齿部34A和第二接合齿部34B，其中第一接合齿部34A用于与太阳齿轮31啮合，并且第二接合齿部34B用于与外齿圈33啮合。在示例性实施例中，第一结合齿部34A的直径大于第二接合齿部34B的直径。因此，在相同的径向空间内，该行星齿轮装置30可以获得更大的传动比，并且由于第二接合齿部34B的布置可以利用差速器壳51的径向空间。这种情况下，行星齿轮装置30在径向及轴向不需要增加尺寸，并且有助于实现电桥驱动系统的紧凑布置。
差速器50可以包括差速器壳51、第一半轴52、第二半轴53和差速器齿轮组54等。差速器壳51可以被可转动地支撑在壳体上。在示例性实施例中，如图2所示，差速器壳51可以在一个轴向端处通过轴承64被支撑在壳体上，并且可以在另一轴向端处通过行星轮34被支撑在固定到壳 体的外齿圈33上。在示例性实施例中，差速器壳51可以作为差速器50的输入端，并且抗扭转地连接到行星架32。在示例性实施例中，差速器壳51与行星架32一体形成。差速器齿轮组54用于将动力从差速器50的输入端传递到输出端，例如从差速器壳51传递到半轴52和53。在一些实施例中，差速器齿轮组54可以是锥齿轮组。
第一半轴52和第二半轴53用于分别连接到车辆的车轮。第一半轴52和第二半轴53同轴地设置。在一些实施例中，第一半轴52和第二半轴53可以分别与差速器齿轮轴54中的半轴齿轮抗扭转地连接。第一半轴52和第二半轴53分别位于差速器齿轮组54的两个轴向侧。第一半轴52沿一个轴向方向从差速器齿轮组54延伸穿过差速器壳51、行星齿轮装置30(太阳齿轮31)和第二齿轮42。第二半轴53沿相反的轴向方向从差速器齿轮组54延伸穿过差速器壳51。在示例性实施例中，第二齿轮42、太阳齿轮31和第一半轴52可以同轴地设置。
在图2所示的实施例中，行星传动装置30和差速器50(差速器壳51和差速器齿轮组54)设置在第二齿轮42的远离电动机10的一侧。图3是根据本发明的实施例的电桥驱动系统的示意图。应当注意，图3中示出的实施例与图2中示出的实施例在很多方面是相同的，因此相同的附图标记用于表示相同或相似的部件和信号。在图3所示的实施例中，行星传动装置30和差速器50(差速器壳51和差速器齿轮组54)设置在第二齿轮42的靠近电动机10的一侧。除此之外，图3中所示的电桥驱动系统具有与图2中所示相似的构造。
在图2和图3所示的实施例中，太阳齿轮31与第二齿轮42可以通过轴承65在径向上被支撑在壳体上，并且可以通过轴承66和67在轴向上分别被支撑在壳体和差速器壳51上。在示例性实施例中，轴承66和67可以是推力轴承。
根据本发明的实施例，电桥驱动系统还可以包括第三齿轮43，以用作驻车齿轮。如图2和图3所示，第三齿轮43可以抗扭转地连接到第一齿轮41。在示例性实施例中，第三齿轮43和第一齿轮41通过花键连接。在其他实施例中，第三齿轮43可以与第一齿轮41一体形成。第三齿轮43当与 外部驻车装置(未示出)啮合时，可以锁止传动轴20的转动并进而锁止差速器50的半轴52和53的转动。
根据本发明的实施例，当电桥驱动系统工作时，电动机10的动力经由传动轴20、第一齿轮41、第二齿轮42、太阳齿轮31、行星轮34、行星架32、差速器壳51和差速器齿轮组54，传递到第一半轴52和第二半轴53。
上文描述作为驻车齿轮的第三齿轮43连接到第一齿轮41。但是，本发明不限于此。根据本发明的实施例，驻车齿轮还可以设置在其他位置，只有其能够在与外部驻车装置啮合时能够锁止差速器的半轴的旋转即可。例如，驻车齿轮可以抗扭转地连接到第二齿轮42或太阳齿轮31等。
尽管已经参考示例性实施例描述了本发明，但是应理解，本发明并不限于上述实施例的构造和方法。相反，本发明意在覆盖各种修改例和等同配置。另外，尽管在各种示例性结合体和构造中示出了所公开发明的各种元件和方法步骤，但是包括更多、更少的元件或方法的其它组合也落在本发明的范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种用于车辆的电桥驱动系统，包括：
    电动机(10)；
    传动轴(20)，其抗扭转地连接到所述电动机(10)；
    第一齿轮(41)，其抗扭转地设置在所述传动轴(20)上；
    第二齿轮(42)，其设置成与所述第一齿轮(41)啮合；
    行星齿轮装置(30)，其中所述第二齿轮(42)抗扭转地连接到所述行星齿轮装置(30)的输入端；和
    差速器(50)，其中所述行星齿轮装置(30)的输出端抗扭转地连接到所述差速器(50)的输入端，
    其中，所述第二齿轮(42)、所述行星齿轮装置(30)和所述差速器(50)同轴地设置。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电桥驱动系统，其中，所述行星齿轮装置(30)包括：
    太阳齿轮(31)，其作为所述行星齿轮装置(30)的输入端并且抗扭转地连接到所述第二齿轮(42)；
    行星架(32)，其作为所述行星齿轮装置(30)的输出端并且位于所述太阳齿轮(31)的径向外侧；
    外齿圈(33)，其固定到所述电桥驱动系统的壳体，环绕所述太阳齿轮(31)和所述行星架(32)；和
    多个行星轮(34)，每个行星轮(34)可转动地连接到所述行星架(32)，并且布置成与所述外齿圈(33)和所述太阳齿轮(31)啮合。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电桥驱动系统，其中，所述差速器(50)包括：
    差速器壳(51)，其作为所述差速器(50)的输入端，可转动地支撑在所述壳体上并且抗扭转地连接到所述行星架(32)；
    第一半轴(52)，其沿轴向穿过所述太阳齿轮(31)和所述第二齿轮(42)；和
    第二半轴(53)，其从所述差速器(50)沿着远离所述行星齿轮装置(30)的方向延伸。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电桥驱动系统，其中，所述第二齿轮(42)和所述太阳齿轮(31)一体形成。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电桥驱动系统，其中，所述太阳齿轮(31)通过轴承被支撑在所述差速器壳(51)上，并且所述第二齿轮(42)通过轴承被支撑在所述壳体上。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电桥驱动系统，其中，所述行星架(32)与所述差速器壳(51)一体形成。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的电桥驱动系统，还包括：第三齿轮(43)，其抗扭转地连接到所述第一齿轮(41)，并且能够与车辆的驻车装置啮合以锁止所述差速器(50)的半轴的旋转。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的电桥驱动系统，其中，所述第三齿轮(43)与所述第一齿轮(41)一体形成。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的电桥驱动系统，其中，所述太阳齿轮(31)在轴向上通过推力轴承被支撑在所述差速器壳(51)上，并且所述第二齿轮(42)在轴向上通过推力轴承被支撑在所述壳体上。
  10. 一种车辆，其包括根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的电桥驱动系统。
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