WO2019212420A1 - Method for repurposing of the waste product from the production of heat or electricity from solid fuels and method of use of this repurposed waste product - Google Patents
Method for repurposing of the waste product from the production of heat or electricity from solid fuels and method of use of this repurposed waste product Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2019212420A1 WO2019212420A1 PCT/SK2019/050004 SK2019050004W WO2019212420A1 WO 2019212420 A1 WO2019212420 A1 WO 2019212420A1 SK 2019050004 W SK2019050004 W SK 2019050004W WO 2019212420 A1 WO2019212420 A1 WO 2019212420A1
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- Prior art keywords
- mixture
- content
- hydro
- mixing
- waste product
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000004449 solid propellant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 115
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000010169 landfilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000008394 flocculating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000004746 geotextile Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 47
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010882 bottom ash Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 4
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 235000013405 beer Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000005909 Kieselgur Substances 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 description 2
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000010841 municipal wastewater Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydroxide Inorganic materials [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009435 building construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000050 nutritive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 or K2S1O3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001743 phillipsite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002594 sorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
- C02F1/54—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using organic material
- C02F1/56—Macromolecular compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B1/00—Dumping solid waste
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/20—Agglomeration, binding or encapsulation of solid waste
- B09B3/21—Agglomeration, binding or encapsulation of solid waste using organic binders or matrix
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/20—Agglomeration, binding or encapsulation of solid waste
- B09B3/21—Agglomeration, binding or encapsulation of solid waste using organic binders or matrix
- B09B3/23—Binders with asphalt
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B2101/00—Type of solid waste
- B09B2101/30—Incineration ashes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B2101/00—Type of solid waste
- B09B2101/55—Slag
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
- C02F11/14—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening with addition of chemical agents
- C02F11/147—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening with addition of chemical agents using organic substances
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/10—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from quarries or from mining activities
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/14—Paint wastes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/18—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from the purification of gaseous effluents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/26—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from the processing of plants or parts thereof
- C02F2103/28—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from the processing of plants or parts thereof from the paper or cellulose industry
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/32—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from the food or foodstuff industry, e.g. brewery waste waters
Definitions
- This technical solution relates to a method for repurposing of the waste product from the production of heat or electricity from solid fuels, which comprises slag, bottom ash and fly ash. This technical solution also relates to a method of use of this repurposed waste product.
- Waste products which are residues in the form of slag, bottom ash, fly ash and boiler dust, are formed in the production of heat or electricity from solid fuels, i.e. in the combustion of solid fuel in heating plants or thermal power plants.
- Hot fly ash which is captured by filters, slag and other waste products from burning of solid fuels are stored in silos, or they are mixed with water directly in the dredging station to form pumpable suspension - hydro- mixture.
- Hydro-mixture is transported by pipelines to ash pond (wet disposal of ash). Hydro-mixture freely sediments at the ash pond - water is allowed to drain. Water separated from the hydro-mixture by
- Object of this technical solution is to provide a method for repurposing the waste product from the production of heat or electricity from solid fuels and also a method of use of this repurposed waste product, which would substantially eliminate current problems lying especially in negatives presented by landfilling of said waste product in ash ponds.
- Said object is achieved by the method for repurposing the waste product from the production of heat or electricity from solid fuels and the method of use of this repurposed waste product.
- the method for repurposing the waste product from the production of heat or electricity from solid fuels is characterized in that, it comprises a step of mixing the waste product with water and producing pumpable hydro-mixture, a step of mixing the hydro- mixture with the admixture with content of organic matter necessary for plant growth in amount of 5 to 85% related to the weight of dry matter contained in the hydro-mixture and producing the mixture with content of organic matter necessary for plant growth, and a step of safe landfilling, repurposing and/or use of produced mixture with content of organic matter necessary for plant growth.
- the admixture with content of organic matter necessary for plant growth can be e.g. topsoil, peat, compost, humic substances, sludge from municipal wastewater treatment, sludge from paper industry,
- diatomaceous earth slurry from the filtration of beer, and the like diatomaceous earth slurry from the filtration of beer, and the like.
- the step of mixing the hydro-mixture with the admixture with content of organic matter necessary for plant growth comprises or is followed by a step of mixing the mixture with content of organic matter necessary for plant growth with flocculating agent.
- the method for repurposing the waste product from the production of heat or electricity from solid fuels is also characterized in that, it comprises a step of mixing the waste product with water and producing pumpable hydro-mixture, a step of mixing the hydro- mixture with the admixture with content of inorganic matter in amount of 5 to 85% related to weight of dry matter contained in the hydro-mixture and producing the mixture with content of inorganic matter, a step of mixing the mixture with solidifying agent and a step of safe landfilling, or use of produced mixture with content of in organic matter.
- the admixture with content of inorganic matter can be e.g. filter dust, waste lime, red mud from aluminum production, drilling muds, abrasive dust, ink sludges, paints and pigments, a sludge from the bottom of a reservoir, used filter clay, used activated carbon, and the like.
- the step of mixing the hydro-mixture with the admixture with content of inorganic matter is followed by the step of mixing the mixture with content of inorganic matter with a flocculating agent.
- a step of dewatering the mixture is carried out before the step of mixing the mixture with solidifying agent.
- the hydro- mixture, and/or the mixture with content of organic matter necessary for plant growth, and/or the mixture with content of inorganic matter is disposed to the ash pond, and/or is filled to geotextile bags that are laid in the ash pond, and/or on the surface of the ash pond, and/or at different location and/or area.
- filled geotextile bags are laid upon each other in layers.
- Fig. 1 shows a scheme of the method according to this technical solution for processing with the admixture with content of organic matter necessary for plant growth
- Fig. 2 shows a scheme of the method according to this technical solution for processing with the admixture with content of inorganic matter
- Fig. 3 schematically shows the method of use of the repurposed waste product, particularly for increasing the capacity and/or closing and/or reclamation of the ash pond.
- hot slag, bottom ash, fly ash, boiler dust, as waste products in the production of heat or electricity from solid fuels, are mixed with water in the first step 1
- this is carried out by supplying the waste product from slag and dust silo 9, fly ash silo 10, and technological water from technological water tank 1_1_, to the dredging station 12 with a pump, where said components are mixed and pumpable hydro-mixture is produced.
- This pumpable hydro-mixture is then further transported by the pipeline 8 that typically ends at the ash pond 34.
- the admixture with content of organic matter necessary for plant growth can be e.g. topsoil, peat, compost, humic substances, sludge from municipal wastewater treatment, sludge from paper industry, diatomaceous earth slurry from the filtration of beer, and the like.
- topsoil peat, compost, humic substances
- sludge from municipal wastewater treatment sludge from paper industry
- diatomaceous earth slurry from the filtration of beer, and the like.
- this is carried out by supplying the hydro-mixture from the pipeline 8 and the admixture with content of organic matter necessary for plant growth, to the mixing chamber 19.
- the mixture is then transported by the pump 20 from the mixing chamber 19 to the pipeline 8 and to the ash pond 34 for sedimentation.
- the ash pond 34 is thereby reclaimed.
- the sedimented mixture can also be excavated from the ash pond 34 and can be used at different location, except agricultural and forest areas, e.g. for landscaping, reclamation of other areas and so.
- An increase in ash pond capacity is thereby achieved, as a space is freed by excavation of the sedimented mixture in the ash pond 34.
- the water 26 drained during sedimentation is preferably returned to the process as technological water.
- this admixture is pretreated such that it is mixed with the technological water to such consistency to form homogenous pumpable suspension suitable for mixing it into the hydro-mixture.
- this is carried out by supplying the admixture with content of organic matter necessary for plant growth from the admixture tank 13 and the technological water from the reservoir 14 to the mixing tank 15.
- Pumpable admixture is transported by the pump 16 from the mixing tank 15 to the storage tank 17, where the admixture is maintained by continuous stirring in homogenous state, floating in the water, until it is mixed in with the hydro-mixture.
- the admixture is then supplied from the storage tank 17 to the mixing chamber 19.
- flocculating agents can be added in the next step 3 after the step 2 of mixing the hydro-mixture with the admixture. Addition of the flocculating agents can also be carried out in the step 2. Products known e.g. under trade names Superfloe, Sokoflok, Magnafloc can be used as the flocculating agents. Specifically, according to Fig. 1 , this is carried out by supplying the flocculants from the tank 21 of the flocculants through the pump 22 to the mixing chamber 23. The mixture formed in this step 3 is then transported to the pipeline 8 by the feed pump 24.
- this is carried out by supplying the waste product from slag and dust silo 9, fly ash silo 10, and technological water from technological water tank to the dredging station 12 with a pump, where said components are mixed and pumpable hydro-mixture is produced.
- This pumpable hydro-mixture is then further transported by the pipeline 8 that typically ends at the ash pond 34.
- the admixture with content of inorganic matter can be e.g. filter dust, waste lime, red mud from aluminum production, drilling muds, abrasive dust, ink sludges, paints and pigments, a sludge from the bottom of a reservoir, used filter clay, used activated carbon, waste from beer filtration and the like.
- this is carried out by supplying the hydro-mixture from the pipeline 8 and the admixture with content of inorganic matter to the mixing chamber 19. The mixture is then transported by the pump 20 from the mixing chamber 19 to the pipeline 8.
- the mixture is mixed with solidifying agent.
- solutions with reagents e.g. Na2Si03, or K2S1O3, or NaOH, or Na2C03, or KOH, or K2CO3 can be used as the solidification agents.
- this is carried out by supplying the solidifying agents from the tank 28 of the solidifying agents through the feed pump 30 to the mixing tank 31
- the mixture formed in the previous step 2 is being fed by the pipeline 8 through the feed pump 27 to the mixing tank 31
- the mixture formed in this step 5 is then transported by the dredging pump 32 to the pipeline 8 and to the ash pond 34 for sedimentation.
- the ash pond 34 is thus practically closed.
- This sedimented mixture - the product can also be excavated from the ash pond 34 as the solidification does not occur quickly, and can be used at different location, e.g. for landscaping and so.
- An increase in ash pond capacity is thereby achieved, as a space is freed by excavation of the sedimented mixture in the ash pond 34.
- the water 26 drained during sedimentation is preferably returned to the process as technological water. It is also possible to use the mixture already solidified, however, it is then necessary to disintegrate the solidified mixture before its use for its further handling, whereby such mixture can be used e.g. as a backfill.
- Said product possess new physical and chemical properties, for example strength, chemical immobilization of heavy metals, reduced radioactivity, lower filtration coefficient (depending on added agents).
- this admixture is pretreated such that it is mixed with the technological water to such consistency to form homogenous pumpable suspension suitable for mixing it into the hydro-mixture.
- this is carried out by supplying the admixture with content of inorganic matter from the admixture tank 13 and the technological water from the reservoir 14 to the mixing tank 15.
- Pumpable admixture is transported by the pump 16 from the mixing tank 15 to the storage tank 17, where the admixture is maintained by continuous stirring in homogenous state, floating in the water, until it is mixed in with the hydro-mixture.
- the admixture is then supplied from the storage tank 17 to the mixing chamber 19.
- flocculating agents can be added in the next step 3 after the step 2 of mixing the hydro-mixture with the admixture. Addition of the flocculating agents can also be carried out in the step 2. Products known e.g. under trade names Superfloe, Sokoflok, Magnafloc can be used as the flocculating agents. Specifically, according to Fig. 2, this is carried out by supplying the flocculants from the tank 21 of the flocculants through the pump 22 to the mixing chamber 23, into which the mixture from the mixing chamber 19 in the previous step 2 is fed by the dredging pump 20 through the pipeline 8. The mixture formed in this step 3 is then transported by the feed pump 24 to the pipeline 8.
- the step 4 of dewatering the mixture is preferably carried out between the step 3 of adding the flocculation agents and the step 5 of adding the solidification agents. Specifically, according to Fig. 2, this is carried out by feeding the mixture the dewatering device 25, where significant part of the water is removed that as separated water 26 is preferably returned to the process as technological water. The mixture is dewatered to such degree only, to be still transportable by pumps.
- existing equipment of heat plants or thermal power plants is used for the preparation of the hydro-mixture, i.e. pumpable mixture of the waste product from the production of heat or electricity from solid fuels and water.
- This existing equipment typically includes waste product silos 9, 10, technological water tank 1_1_ and dredging station 12.
- the hydro-mixture is then transported from this dredging station 12 through the pipeline 8 to the ash pond 34.
- it is however possible to produce the hydro-mixture separately, that is without the use of existing equipment and pipelines of heat plants or thermal power plants. In this case, for the method according to this technical solution, it is directly obtained as dry waste product, or it is obtained from the ash pond.
- the hydro-mixture is then produced in separate equipment and it is subsequently processed similarly as described in the above-mentioned examples. Then, also particular existing pipeline 8 of heat plants or thermal power plants is not used, and an ash pond, or disposal area for processed product can also be in different location as the ash pond 34.
- the waste product repurposed by the method according to this technical solution form the pipeline 8 and fill it into geotextile bags 35.
- the bags 35 are laid on the surface of the ash pond 34.
- the bags 35 are filled successively from the farthest part of the ash pond 34.
- the mixture in the bag 35 settles and water drains from the bag 35, whereby a space is freed in the bag 35 for further filling the mixture.
- filling of the next bag 35 continues.
- Bags 35 can also be placed one upon another in layers, thus after completing one layer of bags 35 with sedimented mixture, it is possible to continue laying and filling the bags 35 in the next layer. Also, other options of laying and filling the bags 35 are possible based on a project
- Geotextile bags in general, are available on the market, e.g. under
- Geotextile bags are manufactured directly in required dimensions. Typically, they have the width from 4,57 to 18,29 m (the width according to requirements) and the length 61 m. These bags can be placed either individually or can be arranged into various bodies (dams, fields). Bags are used in various building constructions. Application of the bags is usually divided to construction applications and dewatering applications. In the field of construction applications, geotextile bags are used as embankments or dams to prevent erosion and also as static protection. Bags can also be used for slope protection. Construction bags are usually designed to resist short-term and also long-term exposure to environment.
- bags 35 on its surface or within its banks, in one or several layers and fill them with the waste product repurposed by the method according to this technical solution that comprises the admixture with content of organic matter necessary for plant growth.
- the bags 35 after sedimentation, can be disintegrated and the substrate can be levelled and prepared for planting of vegetation.
- the waste product repurposed by the method according to this technical solution can be obtained directly from the pipeline 8.
- Waste product repurposed by the method according to this technical solution can be used as a material - product, for carrying out technical works in building industry, such as for the production of building products and materials, for carrying out technical works in building industry related to, for example, closing and reclamation of landfills, quarries, erosion furrows, empty mines, ash ponds and ash sediment landfills (ash, slag, fly ash and filter dust), reconstruction, modification and raising the height of dams, embankments, increasing the capacity of landfills, borrow pits, settling basins (also above the crest of dam, or above the maximum water level), landscaping, for prevention and stabilization of landslides, reclamation and recovery of excavated abandoned spaces and areas, waste banks, settling ponds (also above the crest of dam, or above the maximum water level), quarries, surface mines. Also, it can be used
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
Abstract
A method for repurposing the waste product from the production of heat or electricity from solid fuels comprising the step (1) of mixing the waste product with water and producing pumpable hydro-mixture, the step (2) of mixing the hydro- mixture with the admixture with content of organic matter necessary for plant growth in amount of 5 to 85% related to the weight of dry matter contained in the hydro-mixture and producing the mixture with content of organic matter necessary for plant growth, and the step (6) of safe landfilling or use of produced mixture with content of organic matter necessary for plant growth. Also a method is disclosed, where in the step (2) the hydro-mixture is mixed with the admixture with content of inorganic matter in amount of 5 to 85% related to the weight of dry matter contained in the hydro-mixture and producing the mixture with content of inorganic matter, the step (5) of mixing the mixture with solidifying agent, and the step (6) of safe landfilling or use of produced mixture with content of inorganic matter, and a method of use of this repurposed waste product.
Description
METHOD FOR REPURPOSING OF THE WASTE PRODUCT FROM THE PRODUCTION OF HEAT OR ELECTRICITY FROM SOLID FUELS AND METHOD OF USE OF THIS
REPURPOSED WASTE PRODUCT
Technical Field
[0001] This technical solution relates to a method for repurposing of the waste product from the production of heat or electricity from solid fuels, which comprises slag, bottom ash and fly ash. This technical solution also relates to a method of use of this repurposed waste product.
Background Art
[0002] Waste products, which are residues in the form of slag, bottom ash, fly ash and boiler dust, are formed in the production of heat or electricity from solid fuels, i.e. in the combustion of solid fuel in heating plants or thermal power plants.
[0003] Hot fly ash, which is captured by filters, slag and other waste products from burning of solid fuels are stored in silos, or they are mixed with water directly in the dredging station to form pumpable suspension - hydro- mixture. Hydro-mixture is transported by pipelines to ash pond (wet disposal of ash). Hydro-mixture freely sediments at the ash pond - water is allowed to drain. Water separated from the hydro-mixture by
sedimentation is returned by pipelines back to heating plant where it is reused for wet disposal of ash. Such ash ponds generally present long- term environmental burden.
[0004] Contact of hot residues from combustion with water causes a change in their physical and chemical properties. By applying water on hot residues, zeolitization occurs - an alteration of fly ash to phillipsite-like new zeolite mineral formation that has high sorption properties, often 2 to 2,5 times higher than natural zeolite mineral - phillipsite. Zeolitized residues have such advantage that they can be used as a sorbent of all cations and anions having a smaller ionic radius (e.g. ionic radius Ca, Mg, Pb, NH4). Despite their gained unique properties, zeolitized residues cannot be used
as such for reclamation works because they themselves contain neither organic carbon nor humic substances and have unsuitable physical properties.
[0005] Object of this technical solution is to provide a method for repurposing the waste product from the production of heat or electricity from solid fuels and also a method of use of this repurposed waste product, which would substantially eliminate current problems lying especially in negatives presented by landfilling of said waste product in ash ponds.
Disclosure of Invention
[0006] Said object is achieved by the method for repurposing the waste product from the production of heat or electricity from solid fuels and the method of use of this repurposed waste product.
[0007] The method for repurposing the waste product from the production of heat or electricity from solid fuels according to this technical solution is characterized in that, it comprises a step of mixing the waste product with water and producing pumpable hydro-mixture, a step of mixing the hydro- mixture with the admixture with content of organic matter necessary for plant growth in amount of 5 to 85% related to the weight of dry matter contained in the hydro-mixture and producing the mixture with content of organic matter necessary for plant growth, and a step of safe landfilling, repurposing and/or use of produced mixture with content of organic matter necessary for plant growth.
[0008] The admixture with content of organic matter necessary for plant growth can be e.g. topsoil, peat, compost, humic substances, sludge from municipal wastewater treatment, sludge from paper industry,
diatomaceous earth slurry from the filtration of beer, and the like.
[0009] Preferably, the step of mixing the hydro-mixture with the admixture with content of organic matter necessary for plant growth comprises or is followed by a step of mixing the mixture with content of organic matter necessary for plant growth with flocculating agent.
[0010] The method for repurposing the waste product from the production of heat or electricity from solid fuels according to this technical solution is also characterized in that, it comprises a step of mixing the waste product with
water and producing pumpable hydro-mixture, a step of mixing the hydro- mixture with the admixture with content of inorganic matter in amount of 5 to 85% related to weight of dry matter contained in the hydro-mixture and producing the mixture with content of inorganic matter, a step of mixing the mixture with solidifying agent and a step of safe landfilling, or use of produced mixture with content of in organic matter.
[0011] The admixture with content of inorganic matter can be e.g. filter dust, waste lime, red mud from aluminum production, drilling muds, abrasive dust, ink sludges, paints and pigments, a sludge from the bottom of a reservoir, used filter clay, used activated carbon, and the like.
[0012] Preferably, the step of mixing the hydro-mixture with the admixture with content of inorganic matter is followed by the step of mixing the mixture with content of inorganic matter with a flocculating agent.
[0013] Preferably, a step of dewatering the mixture is carried out before the step of mixing the mixture with solidifying agent.
[0014] A method for use of the waste product repurposed by the method
according to this technical solution is characterized in that the hydro- mixture, and/or the mixture with content of organic matter necessary for plant growth, and/or the mixture with content of inorganic matter is disposed to the ash pond, and/or is filled to geotextile bags that are laid in the ash pond, and/or on the surface of the ash pond, and/or at different location and/or area.
[0015] Preferably, filled geotextile bags are laid upon each other in layers.
Brief Description of Drawings
[0016] The technical solution is explained more in detail on attached drawings, where,
[0017] Fig. 1 shows a scheme of the method according to this technical solution for processing with the admixture with content of organic matter necessary for plant growth,
[0018] Fig. 2 shows a scheme of the method according to this technical solution for processing with the admixture with content of inorganic matter, and
[0019] Fig. 3 schematically shows the method of use of the repurposed waste product, particularly for increasing the capacity and/or closing and/or reclamation of the ash pond.
Mode(s) for Carrying Out the Invention
[0020] In one example of embodiment, with reference to Fig. 1 , hot slag, bottom ash, fly ash, boiler dust, as waste products in the production of heat or electricity from solid fuels, are mixed with water in the first step 1
Specifically, according to Fig. 1 , this is carried out by supplying the waste product from slag and dust silo 9, fly ash silo 10, and technological water from technological water tank 1_1_, to the dredging station 12 with a pump, where said components are mixed and pumpable hydro-mixture is produced. This pumpable hydro-mixture is then further transported by the pipeline 8 that typically ends at the ash pond 34.
[0021] In the next step 2, the hydro-mixture is mixed with the admixture with
content of organic matter necessary for plant growth in amount of 5 to 85% related to the weight of dry matter contained in the hydro-mixture. The admixture with content of organic matter necessary for plant growth can be e.g. topsoil, peat, compost, humic substances, sludge from municipal wastewater treatment, sludge from paper industry, diatomaceous earth slurry from the filtration of beer, and the like. Specifically, according to Fig.
1 , this is carried out by supplying the hydro-mixture from the pipeline 8 and the admixture with content of organic matter necessary for plant growth, to the mixing chamber 19. The mixture is then transported by the pump 20 from the mixing chamber 19 to the pipeline 8 and to the ash pond 34 for sedimentation. This represents the step 6 of safe landfilling or use of the produced mixture, as sedimented mixture, after the ash pond 34 capacity is reached, provides nutritive substrate suitable for the growth of vegetation, which as a result creates safe, compact surface of the ash pond 34, thus practically preventing sediment wash-off in rainfall and so. The ash pond 34 is thereby reclaimed. The sedimented mixture can also be excavated from the ash pond 34 and can be used at different location, except agricultural and forest areas, e.g. for landscaping, reclamation of other areas and so. An increase in ash pond capacity is thereby achieved,
as a space is freed by excavation of the sedimented mixture in the ash pond 34. The water 26 drained during sedimentation is preferably returned to the process as technological water.
[0022] In regard to the content of zeolitized residues, which are formed in contact of hot residues from combustion with water, moreover, the resulting product has enhanced sorption properties.
[0023] In case the admixture does not have suitable consistency, therefore it cannot be pumped, this admixture is pretreated such that it is mixed with the technological water to such consistency to form homogenous pumpable suspension suitable for mixing it into the hydro-mixture.
Specifically, according to Fig. 1 , this is carried out by supplying the admixture with content of organic matter necessary for plant growth from the admixture tank 13 and the technological water from the reservoir 14 to the mixing tank 15. Pumpable admixture is transported by the pump 16 from the mixing tank 15 to the storage tank 17, where the admixture is maintained by continuous stirring in homogenous state, floating in the water, until it is mixed in with the hydro-mixture. The admixture is then supplied from the storage tank 17 to the mixing chamber 19.
[0024] In order to accelerate separation of water from the mixture, flocculating agents can be added in the next step 3 after the step 2 of mixing the hydro-mixture with the admixture. Addition of the flocculating agents can also be carried out in the step 2. Products known e.g. under trade names Superfloe, Sokoflok, Magnafloc can be used as the flocculating agents. Specifically, according to Fig. 1 , this is carried out by supplying the flocculants from the tank 21 of the flocculants through the pump 22 to the mixing chamber 23. The mixture formed in this step 3 is then transported to the pipeline 8 by the feed pump 24.
[0025] In another example of embodiment, with reference to Fig. 2, slag, bottom ash, fly ash, boiler dust, as waste products in the production of heat or electricity from solid fuels, are mixed with water in the first step 1
Specifically, according to Fig. 1 , this is carried out by supplying the waste product from slag and dust silo 9, fly ash silo 10, and technological water from technological water tank to the dredging station 12 with a pump,
where said components are mixed and pumpable hydro-mixture is produced. This pumpable hydro-mixture is then further transported by the pipeline 8 that typically ends at the ash pond 34.
[0026] In the next step 2, the hydro-mixture is mixed with the admixture with
content of inorganic matter in amount of 5 to 85% related to the weight of dry matter contained in the hydro-mixture. The admixture with content of inorganic matter can be e.g. filter dust, waste lime, red mud from aluminum production, drilling muds, abrasive dust, ink sludges, paints and pigments, a sludge from the bottom of a reservoir, used filter clay, used activated carbon, waste from beer filtration and the like. Specifically, according to Fig. 2, this is carried out by supplying the hydro-mixture from the pipeline 8 and the admixture with content of inorganic matter to the mixing chamber 19. The mixture is then transported by the pump 20 from the mixing chamber 19 to the pipeline 8.
[0027] In the next step 5, the mixture is mixed with solidifying agent. Water
solutions with reagents e.g. Na2Si03, or K2S1O3, or NaOH, or Na2C03, or KOH, or K2CO3 can be used as the solidification agents. Specifically, according to Fig. 2, this is carried out by supplying the solidifying agents from the tank 28 of the solidifying agents through the feed pump 30 to the mixing tank 31 The mixture formed in the previous step 2 is being fed by the pipeline 8 through the feed pump 27 to the mixing tank 31 The mixture formed in this step 5 is then transported by the dredging pump 32 to the pipeline 8 and to the ash pond 34 for sedimentation. This represents the step 6 of safe landfilling or use of the product produced from mixture, as sedimented mixture, after the ash pond 34 capacity is reached, solidifies over time while forming safe, compacted surface of the ash pond 34, thus practically preventing sediment wash-off in rainfall and so. The ash pond 34 is thus practically closed. This sedimented mixture - the product can also be excavated from the ash pond 34 as the solidification does not occur quickly, and can be used at different location, e.g. for landscaping and so. An increase in ash pond capacity is thereby achieved, as a space is freed by excavation of the sedimented mixture in the ash pond 34. The water 26 drained during sedimentation is preferably returned to the
process as technological water. It is also possible to use the mixture already solidified, however, it is then necessary to disintegrate the solidified mixture before its use for its further handling, whereby such mixture can be used e.g. as a backfill.
[0028] Said product possess new physical and chemical properties, for example strength, chemical immobilization of heavy metals, reduced radioactivity, lower filtration coefficient (depending on added agents).
[0029] In regard to the content of zeolitized residues, which are formed in contact of hot residues from combustion with water, moreover, the resulting product has enhanced sorption properties.
[0030] In case the admixture does not have suitable consistency, therefore it cannot be pumped, this admixture is pretreated such that it is mixed with the technological water to such consistency to form homogenous pumpable suspension suitable for mixing it into the hydro-mixture.
Specifically, according to Fig. 2, this is carried out by supplying the admixture with content of inorganic matter from the admixture tank 13 and the technological water from the reservoir 14 to the mixing tank 15.
Pumpable admixture is transported by the pump 16 from the mixing tank 15 to the storage tank 17, where the admixture is maintained by continuous stirring in homogenous state, floating in the water, until it is mixed in with the hydro-mixture. The admixture is then supplied from the storage tank 17 to the mixing chamber 19.
[0031] In order to accelerate separation of water from the mixture, flocculating agents can be added in the next step 3 after the step 2 of mixing the hydro-mixture with the admixture. Addition of the flocculating agents can also be carried out in the step 2. Products known e.g. under trade names Superfloe, Sokoflok, Magnafloc can be used as the flocculating agents. Specifically, according to Fig. 2, this is carried out by supplying the flocculants from the tank 21 of the flocculants through the pump 22 to the mixing chamber 23, into which the mixture from the mixing chamber 19 in the previous step 2 is fed by the dredging pump 20 through the pipeline 8. The mixture formed in this step 3 is then transported by the feed pump 24 to the pipeline 8.
[0032] In order to increase solidification efficiency of the mixture, the step 4 of dewatering the mixture is preferably carried out between the step 3 of adding the flocculation agents and the step 5 of adding the solidification agents. Specifically, according to Fig. 2, this is carried out by feeding the mixture the dewatering device 25, where significant part of the water is removed that as separated water 26 is preferably returned to the process as technological water. The mixture is dewatered to such degree only, to be still transportable by pumps.
[0033] In the above-mentioned examples, existing equipment of heat plants or thermal power plants is used for the preparation of the hydro-mixture, i.e. pumpable mixture of the waste product from the production of heat or electricity from solid fuels and water. This existing equipment typically includes waste product silos 9, 10, technological water tank 1_1_ and dredging station 12. The hydro-mixture is then transported from this dredging station 12 through the pipeline 8 to the ash pond 34. Within the scope of this technical solution it is however possible to produce the hydro-mixture separately, that is without the use of existing equipment and pipelines of heat plants or thermal power plants. In this case, for the method according to this technical solution, it is directly obtained as dry waste product, or it is obtained from the ash pond. The hydro-mixture is then produced in separate equipment and it is subsequently processed similarly as described in the above-mentioned examples. Then, also particular existing pipeline 8 of heat plants or thermal power plants is not used, and an ash pond, or disposal area for processed product can also be in different location as the ash pond 34.
[0034] Following examples of embodiments according to Fig. 3 relates to the method of use of the waste product repurposed by the method according to this technical solution, particularly to increasing the capacity and/or closing and/or reclamation of the ash ponds 34.
[0035] In one example, it is possible to take the waste product repurposed by the method according to this technical solution form the pipeline 8 and fill it into geotextile bags 35. When the ash pond 34 capacity is reached, the bags 35 are laid on the surface of the ash pond 34. Preferably, the bags
35 are filled successively from the farthest part of the ash pond 34. The mixture in the bag 35 settles and water drains from the bag 35, whereby a space is freed in the bag 35 for further filling the mixture. After the bag 35 is filled with sedimented mixture, filling of the next bag 35 continues. If one bag 35 capacity is reached during its filling, that is the water does not drain sufficiently fast, it is possible to continue with filling the next bag 35, while the previous bag 35 can be filled up after the water has drained from it. Bags 35 can also be placed one upon another in layers, thus after completing one layer of bags 35 with sedimented mixture, it is possible to continue laying and filling the bags 35 in the next layer. Also, other options of laying and filling the bags 35 are possible based on a project
requirements or layout of specific ash pond 34.
[0036] Geotextile bags, in general, are available on the market, e.g. under
trademarks Geotube®, Geobag®, Geocontainer®, WaterStructures® and AquaDam®. Geotextile bags are manufactured directly in required dimensions. Typically, they have the width from 4,57 to 18,29 m (the width according to requirements) and the length 61 m. These bags can be placed either individually or can be arranged into various bodies (dams, fields). Bags are used in various building constructions. Application of the bags is usually divided to construction applications and dewatering applications. In the field of construction applications, geotextile bags are used as embankments or dams to prevent erosion and also as static protection. Bags can also be used for slope protection. Construction bags are usually designed to resist short-term and also long-term exposure to environment.
[0037] In order to increase the capacity and/or to close and/or to reclaim the ash pond 34 regarding the composition of layers of bags 35, it is possible to apply various approaches, where some of them are presented below as illustrative examples. In this case, other options are also possible based on given project requirements for increasing of capacity and/or closing and/or reclamation of the ash pond 34.
[0038] In one example, in order to increase the capacity of the ash pond 34
above the level of its designed maximum capacity and for its reclamation,
it is possible to lay bags 35 on its surface or within its banks, in one or several layers and fill them with the waste product repurposed by the method according to this technical solution that comprises the admixture with content of organic matter necessary for plant growth. The bags 35, after sedimentation, can be disintegrated and the substrate can be levelled and prepared for planting of vegetation.
[0039] In another example, in order to increase the capacity of the ash pond 34 above the level of its designed maximum capacity and for its closing, it is possible to lay bags 35 on its surface or within its banks, in one or several layers and fill them with the waste product repurposed by the method according to this technical solution that comprises the admixture with content of inorganic matter and solidifying agent. The mixture in bags 35 is allowed to sediment and solidify. Optionally, if reclamation of the pond is requested, it is possible to form the outer layer of bags 35 filled with the waste product repurposed by the method according to this technical solution that comprises the admixture with content of organic matter necessary for plant growth. The bags 35, after sedimentation, can be disintegrated and the substrate can be levelled and prepared for planting of vegetation.
[0040] In another example, in order to increase the capacity of the ash pond 34 above the level of its designed maximum capacity and for its closing and/or reclamation, it is possible to build a layer or several layers of bags 35 that are filled directly with the hydro-mixture, i.e. the mixture of the waste product from the production of heat or electricity from solid fuels, and water, before building a layer of bags 35 with the mixture comprising organic matter necessary for plant growth and/or with the mixture comprising inorganic matter and solidifying agent. This can provide an advantage of saving the admixtures and agents when significant increase in capacity of the ash pond 34 is required.
[0041] As already mentioned above, the waste product repurposed by the method according to this technical solution can be obtained directly from the pipeline 8. In another example, it is possible to install a dredging pump at
the ash pond 34, which will pump the liquid mixture from the ash pond 34, while freeing a space for the mixture flowing of the pipeline 8.
[0042] The above-mentioned example of use of the waste product repurposed by the method according to this technical solution was related to already existing ash pond 34. Repurposed waste product can also be placed, pumped, as well as filled to the bags 35 also at other suitable locations or areas, where, after dewatering, it can be further transported for other uses as mentioned below in the industrial applicability of this technical solution.
[0043] The examples described above are for illustrative purposes and do not exhaust all possibilities of embodiments of methods according to this technical solution that are possible within the scope of the claims.
Industrial Applicability
[0044] Disclosed technical solution has wide application. It can be used directly in companies involved in production of heat or electricity form solid fuels, as well as in waste processing companies. Waste product repurposed by the method according to this technical solution can be used as a material - product, for carrying out technical works in building industry, such as for the production of building products and materials, for carrying out technical works in building industry related to, for example, closing and reclamation of landfills, quarries, erosion furrows, empty mines, ash ponds and ash sediment landfills (ash, slag, fly ash and filter dust), reconstruction, modification and raising the height of dams, embankments, increasing the capacity of landfills, borrow pits, settling basins (also above the crest of dam, or above the maximum water level), landscaping, for prevention and stabilization of landslides, reclamation and recovery of excavated abandoned spaces and areas, waste banks, settling ponds (also above the crest of dam, or above the maximum water level), quarries, surface mines. Also, it can be used in building industry for various landscaping such as pit filling, retaining walls, construction and reinforcement of slopes and so.
Claims
Claim 1. A method for repurposing the waste product from the production of heat or electricity from solid fuels comprising the step (1) of mixing the waste product with water and producing pumpable hydro-mixture, characterized in that the step (1) of mixing the waste product with water and producing pumpable hydro-mixture is followed by the step (2) of mixing the hydro-mixture with the admixture with content of organic matter necessary for plant growth in amount of 5 to 85% related to the weight of dry matter contained in the hydro- mixture and producing the mixture with content of organic matter necessary for plant growth, and the step (6) of safe landfilling or use of produced mixture with content of organic matter necessary for plant growth.
Claim 2. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that the step (2) of mixing the hydro-mixture with the admixture with content of organic matter necessary for plant growth comprises, or is followed by the step (3) of mixing the mixture with content of organic matter necessary for plant growth with flocculating agent.
Claim 3. A method for repurposing the waste product from the production of heat or electricity from solid fuels comprising the step (1) of mixing the waste product with water and producing pumpable hydro-mixture, characterized in that the step (1) of mixing the waste product with water and producing pumpable hydro-mixture is followed by the step (2) of mixing the hydro-mixture with the admixture with content of inorganic matter in amount of 5 to 85% related to the weight of dry matter contained in the hydro-mixture and producing the mixture with content of inorganic matter, the step (5) of mixing the mixture with solidifying agent, and the step (6) of safe landfilling or use of produced mixture with content of inorganic matter.
Claim 4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the step (2) of mixing the hydro-mixture with the admixture with content of inorganic matter is followed by the step (3) of mixing the mixture with content of inorganic matter with flocculating agent.
Claim 5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the step (3) of mixing the mixture with content of inorganic matter with flocculating agent is followed by the step (4) of dewatering the mixture.
Claim 6. The method according to any of preceding claims, characterized in that in the step (6) of safe landfilling or use of produced mixture, hydro-mixture, and/or the mixture with content of organic matter necessary for plant growth, and/or the mixture with content of inorganic matter is disposed to the ash pond (34), and/or is filled to geotextile bags (35) that are laid in the ash pond (34) and/or on the surface of the ash pond (34), at different location and/or area.
Claim 7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that filled
geotextile bags (35) are laid upon each other in layers.
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CN114888057A (en) * | 2022-05-20 | 2022-08-12 | 全南县新资源稀土有限责任公司 | Harmless treatment method for rare earth radioactive waste residues |
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