WO2019212380A1 - Élément chauffant à large spectre d'utilisation - Google Patents

Élément chauffant à large spectre d'utilisation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019212380A1
WO2019212380A1 PCT/RU2018/000617 RU2018000617W WO2019212380A1 WO 2019212380 A1 WO2019212380 A1 WO 2019212380A1 RU 2018000617 W RU2018000617 W RU 2018000617W WO 2019212380 A1 WO2019212380 A1 WO 2019212380A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heating
heating element
resistive paste
powder
substrate
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/RU2018/000617
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English (en)
Russian (ru)
Inventor
Игорь Юрьевич ШЕЛЕХОВ
Original Assignee
Shelekhov Igor Yurievich
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Shelekhov Igor Yurievich filed Critical Shelekhov Igor Yurievich
Publication of WO2019212380A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019212380A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/16—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor the conductor being mounted on an insulating base
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/34—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs
    • H05B3/36—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs heating conductor embedded in insulating material

Definitions

  • the invention relates to low-temperature electric heating devices, namely, resistive heating devices that can be used to heat rooms for domestic, industrial and public purposes, as well as to protect these rooms from cold air flows.
  • the state of a comfortable stay indoors is determined by the properties of the building envelope, even if there is an optimal air temperature in the room, a person experiences an uncomfortable state if he moves on a cold floor, is near a cold wall or window, when cold air flows from open openings and the temperature drops sharply.
  • the device is designed to be installed on or in a building envelope and compensate for heat losses through it, but in fact to heat it to the temperature necessary to ensure the most comfortable stay indoors. It can serve as either the main heating source or auxiliary, in the form of localized heating sections or in the form of portable heating sources. ,
  • Known flexible electric heating element (SU 1838896 AZ, H05B 3/36, 1993) of a polymeric material containing a flat resistive layer of woven plain weave material based on filaments of polycaproamide profiled triangular fiber coated with a resistive material made of carbon tetrafluoroethylene-vinyldenfluoride copolymer electrodes made of woven into material parallel metallized aramid yarns and electrical insulating layers.
  • Known thin-film flexible electric heater (RU 2379857 Cl, N05VZ / 18, 2010), containing a resistive element located between two flexible heat-resistant electrical insulating films, equipped with current-conducting wires, the resistive element is made in the form of a polymer film with a metallized coating.
  • the metallized coating has a specific electrical resistance in the range of (300-55) 10 Ohm m with a coating thickness of 3-25 microns.
  • a thin-film electric heater is known (RU 2646421 C1, H05B3 / 36, 03/06/2018), comprising a resistive element made of a polymer film with a conductive coating in the form of a nanoscale layer located between two heat-resistant electrical insulating films, along the entire width of which, across two edges, opposite each other, placed contacts made of a material that has adhesion to a conductive coating, with current leads and terminals for connecting to an electric network, and the current leads for connecting to an electric network are made of mat rial with low electrical resistance in the form of a continuous strip of foil over the entire length contacts and pressed against the pins, moreover, contacts are made as a plane figure bounded on two sides by periodic wavy lines.
  • a flexible electric heater is known (RU 2613497 C2, H05B3 / 36, 2017) containing a resistive element located between two sheets of electrical insulating material, and current-carrying wires.
  • the resistive element is made of metal or alloy and without kinks and mounted on an additional sheet of electrical insulation material located between the two specified sheets.
  • the sheets of electrical insulation material consist of one or more dissimilar flexible heat-resistant radiation-resistant high-electrical insulation materials with low gas emission in vacuum and have a flat or curved shape.
  • the closest analogue is a sheet heating resistive element (WO 2014/123501 Al, ⁇ 05 ⁇ / 16, 2014), which includes a permanently interconnected base (substrate) and a heating layer that uses a carbon paste-based resistive composition and conductive conductors located at the edges of the base electrodes, the heating layer is continuous and has an area equal to the area of the base, which is used as any material object, the base has any size, shape and volume.
  • the heating layer is made of a composition of any carbon-containing materials taken in different proportions to obtain certain desired thermophysical properties.
  • the known device has the following disadvantages. Since the heating element is a single electric device, and in fact it is a closed electric circuit with parallel and series-connected sections, the electric current in the entire circuit will be the same. With sequential When sections with different resistances are switched on, active energy is released in areas with high resistance, which sharply reduces the reliable and long-term operation of the heating element, and reduces the efficiency. In places of overheating, structural changes in the binder material occur, which leads to electrical breakdowns and the failure of the heating element.
  • the objective of the proposed invention is to create a universal, not expensive to manufacture a heating element, which can be manufactured in series for industrial voltage 220 V as well as for specialized supply voltages, for example, 36 V, which can be manufactured with different areas of heat transfer without changing the thermal characteristics.
  • a heating element containing a substrate, a heating layer of resistive paste, including carbon powder and a polymer binder, and busbars located on the edges of the substrate, the heating layer is made in the form of a topological pattern, and the resistive paste further includes metal powder.
  • the geometric parameters of the topological pattern are selected from the condition of ensuring the nominal electrical resistance of the heating layer, taking into account the resistivity of the resistive paste.
  • the carbon powder in the composition of the resistive paste is a mixture of fine powders of graphite and carbon black.
  • the metal powder in the composition of the resistive paste is a fine and / or ultrafine powder of at least one metal selected from the range: Ni 3 B, Ni, Cr, Al.
  • the heating layer in the form of a topological pattern allows the manufacture of heating elements with different areas of heat transfer without changing the thermal characteristics.
  • a paste with metal powder can provide the same technical characteristics in any area.
  • the addition of metal powders allows you to increase the range of specific resistance of the paste, allows you to increase the current load density, allows you to reduce the transition resistance to current-carrying tires.
  • Figure 1 shows a General view of the heating element on a flexible substrate.
  • a flexible dielectric substrate 1 for example, a polyethylene terephthalate film using a laminator
  • conductive buses 2 are fixed, for example, 50 ⁇ m thick copper foil
  • hot melt adhesive is applied on one side, then applied through a screen printing machine using a screen printing machine heating layer 3 with resistive paste in the form of a topological pattern.
  • the thickness of the screen mesh should be at least 100 microns so that when applied to the conductive busbars 2 a smooth transition is formed b
  • the conductive buses 2 are located at its edges parallel to each other.
  • the conductive busbars 2 can be arranged at an angle to each other, but the topological pattern must be designed so that the specific power is evenly distributed over the entire heating area.
  • an electrical insulating layer 4 is applied, for example, with an electrical insulating varnish based on polyurethanes. Application can be by screen printing or by any convenient method.
  • current-carrying wires 6 are attached to current-carrying tires 2 using clips or sleeves 5.
  • a decorative coating 7 is applied to the heating element, which can be made on a heat-resistant film with an adhesive base.
  • the specific power is selected so that the temperature on the heating element is in the range of 60-70 ° C, and the switching point is closed by dielectric material 8, for example, a banner profile.
  • a banner profile For wall mounting, a banner profile with appropriate fittings is also used.
  • the heating element is used in the form of a roller blind, the switching place is placed in the shaft of the roller blind 8, and a strip is attached to the back of the heater.
  • the temperature range of use is similar to the heating pattern. You can also install additional electrical fittings in the form of a temperature regulator and microswitch, which will turn on heating when lowering and turn off when lifting.
  • the switching point is closed skirting board with cable channel, specific power is selected in the range up to 40 ° C, the reverse side, if necessary, can be closed with a decorative strip 9 or a similar skirting board.
  • FIG. 2 For the manufacture of heating elements connected in the form of blinds ( Figure 2), a topological drawing of the heating layer 3 is applied to the substrate 1 in the form of separate parallel strips. Using a laminator at the ends of each strip, additional current-carrying buses 10 are installed, which are connected to each other by an insulated wire 11 using additional clips 12. The connections can also be made by soldering. The joints are covered with insulating material 13, then the substrate 1 is cut between the strips of the topological pattern along the cut lines 14 and is installed in commercially available fittings for the blinds.
  • the conductive busbars 2 can be fixed step by step at a certain distance from each other and switched among themselves so as to provide the necessary allocated power or current load density at various supply voltages.
  • the heating element is made as follows.
  • a resistive paste on a polymer binder Preparing a resistive paste on a polymer binder.
  • a copolymer of methacrylic acid and butyl ether methacrylic acid belongs to the category of elastic film-forming polymers, it has high adhesion to metals, glass, porcelain, wood, concrete and other surfaces, in addition, it has high resistance to moisture, ozone, sunlight, chemical reagents, does not lose its properties in temperature range from -50 to 100 ° C, withstands temperatures up to 200 ° C for a short time.
  • a polymer binder in this case a copolymer of methacrylic acid and methacrylic acid butyl ether, may 10-20. %, soluble in May 80-90. % butyl acetate, the process is carried out within 25-30 hours. Then in the ratio of May 10-20. %, fine powder of graphite and May 20-30. %, finely divided carbon black is mixed in turn from May 50-70. % dissolved polymer binder in a ball planetary mill in a closed volume without oxygen for 6-10 hours.
  • fine and ultrafine metal powders are mixed in a ratio of May 60-80. % polymer binder and May 20-40. % metal powder or a mixture of metal powders.
  • metal powders powders of one or more metals, mainly Ni 3 B, Ni, Cr, A1, are used in various combinations and ratios. Depending on the tasks, powders of other metals can be used.
  • the process of mixing is carried out in a ball or bead mill in a closed volume without oxygen for 3-5 hours.
  • the resulting mixture is uniformly fed into a colloidal mill with an initial gap between the shafts of 30 microns, the mixing process is carried out for 6-8 hours with a gradual decrease in the gap between the shafts to 2-3 microns.
  • the obtained resistive paste remains viable for at least 6 months, the specific resistance of the paste is controlled by the amount and type of metal powder in the range from 10 to 300 Ohm / square. Before use, the paste must be homogenized for 30-40 minutes. on a two-roll pasteurizer, process homogenization can be carried out in other specialized plants for homogenization.
  • the dielectric substrate 1 which can be either flexible (polyethylene terephthalate film, polyamide film, fiberglass, glass fiberglass fabric, flexible fiberglass, etc.), and rigid (fiberglass, ceramic, porcelain, glass, wood, stone, laminate , concrete, etc.) using hot-melt glue or glue of constant stickiness
  • at least two conductive busbars 2 made of copper foil are fixed (you can also use any metal foil with similar electrical characteristics), which serve to two electric currents and connecting the heating elements to each other.
  • the thickness and width of the foil are selected depending on the calculated value of the current load density.
  • the fixing of the conductive busbars 2 on the dielectric substrate 1 is expediently carried out using a laminator, the type of laminator is selected depending on the type of substrate 1.
  • the next step is to apply a heating layer 3 to the dielectric substrate 1 with the conductive buses 2 through a screen mesh.
  • topological drawing using the screen printing machine, the topological drawing of the resistive shepherd is transferred.
  • the topological drawing is calculated depending ty of the required allocated power over the area of the dielectric substrate 1, the density of the current load, the used voltage and the thickness of the screen.
  • the applied heating layer 3 is subjected to heat treatment in a furnace with infrared radiation at a temperature of 120-130 ° C for 35-45 minutes. It is more expedient to use a conveyor furnace for this process.
  • an electrical insulating layer is applied by mesh screen printing or by any other known method. For electrical insulation coatings, you can use epoxy, phenolic, polyurethane, acrylic, organofluorine polymer compositions. The insulating layer is not applied at the points of connection to the power source. If necessary, after connecting to the current-carrying wires 6, it is possible to apply an additional electrical insulating coating in any known manner.
  • connection can be carried out using soldering, sleeves or clips, and connection can also be made via terminal connectors or plug connectors depending on the topological pattern and the purpose of the heating element. Depending on
  • the topological pattern is calculated and formed so as to provide independent connection to the power source and there is no need to install various types of contacts on the conductive busbars 2.
  • the heating element on a rigid substrate can be made on ceramic tiles, stone slabs, laminate panels and used for the "warm floor” system.
  • the heating layer 3 is located between the dielectric substrate 1 and the decorative layer.
  • the heating layer is located on the back side of the structural element, so there is no need to apply a decorative layer.
  • the floor heating system consists of a certain number of identical heating elements, which must be combined into one common system. To provide safety in such systems, in some cases a reduced supply voltage is used, for example, 36 V. When using a lower supply voltage, the current load increases, and since the elements must be connected to one common system, the current-carrying buses 2 on one element are calculated depending on the total current system load.
  • the heating layer 3 should be no less than 2 times the thickness of the current-carrying busbars 2. Switching can be done using sleeves and wires, but it is more advisable to connect using contact groups, which are used in the automotive industry as a mother-to-father type. Since each heating element is a finished product, designed to work with the same voltage that the whole system works with, the correct switching when connected to a power source is excluded. Accordingly, identical contact types can be used for switching.
  • the technical effect of the invention is to increase reliability, productivity and increase the spectrum of application of the heating element.

Landscapes

  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des dispositifs électriques chauffants basse température et notamment des systèmes chauffants par résistance qui peuvent être utiliser pour chauffer des locaux d'habitation, industriels ou publics ainsi que pour protéger ces locaux contre l'arrivée des flux d'air froid. L'élément chauffant comprend un substrat (1), une couche chauffante disposée sur celui-ci (3) en pâte résistante comprenant une poudre de carbone et un liant polymérique ainsi que des bus conducteurs disposés sur les bords du substrat. La couche chauffante (3) se présente comme un motif topologique, et la pâte résistive comprend en outre de la poudre métallique. Dans un mode de réalisation préféré la poudre de carbone composant la pâte résistance se présente comme un mélange de poudres finement dispersées de graphite et de carbone technique. En outre, dans un mode de réalisation préféré la poudre métallique composant la pâte résistance se présente comme une poudre finement dispersée et/ou ultradispersée d'au moins un métal sélectionné parmi Ni3B, Ni, Cr, Al. L'invention permet de créer un élément chauffant universel peu onéreux en termes de fabrication qui peut être fabriqué avec différentes superficies de transfert thermique sans que les caractéristiques techniques doivent se modifier.
PCT/RU2018/000617 2018-05-03 2018-09-19 Élément chauffant à large spectre d'utilisation WO2019212380A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
RU2018116517A RU2713729C1 (ru) 2018-05-03 2018-05-03 Нагревательный элемент широкого спектра применения
RU2018116517 2018-05-03

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2019212380A1 true WO2019212380A1 (fr) 2019-11-07

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RU (1) RU2713729C1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2019212380A1 (fr)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2084082C1 (ru) * 1995-06-29 1997-07-10 Акционерное общество - Кирово-Чепецкий электромашиностроительный завод "Вятский электрический контакт" Электрический нагреватель
RU2297112C2 (ru) * 2002-06-19 2007-04-10 Мацусита Электрик Индастриал Ко., Лтд. Гибкий нагревательный элемент с положительным температурным коэффициентом сопротивления и способ изготовления такого нагревательного элемента
RU2394398C1 (ru) * 2009-06-16 2010-07-10 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью Завод "Рациональные отопительные системы" Способ изготовления пленочного электронагревателя (варианты)
WO2014123501A1 (fr) * 2013-02-11 2014-08-14 Prokopenko Artem Stanislavovich Élément chauffant résistant en feuille, procédé de sa fabrication et appareil chauffant l'utilisant

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SU1728887A1 (ru) * 1990-04-27 1992-04-23 Научно-исследовательский институт материаловедения им.А.Ю.Малинина Электропровод ща композици
RU2019065C1 (ru) * 1990-10-18 1994-08-30 Бойцов Кирилл Александрович Способ изготовления гибкого резистивного нагревателя
RU2613497C2 (ru) * 2014-07-24 2017-03-16 Открытое акционерное общество "Информационные спутниковые системы имени академика М.Ф. Решетнёва" Гибкий электрообогреватель

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2084082C1 (ru) * 1995-06-29 1997-07-10 Акционерное общество - Кирово-Чепецкий электромашиностроительный завод "Вятский электрический контакт" Электрический нагреватель
RU2297112C2 (ru) * 2002-06-19 2007-04-10 Мацусита Электрик Индастриал Ко., Лтд. Гибкий нагревательный элемент с положительным температурным коэффициентом сопротивления и способ изготовления такого нагревательного элемента
RU2394398C1 (ru) * 2009-06-16 2010-07-10 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью Завод "Рациональные отопительные системы" Способ изготовления пленочного электронагревателя (варианты)
WO2014123501A1 (fr) * 2013-02-11 2014-08-14 Prokopenko Artem Stanislavovich Élément chauffant résistant en feuille, procédé de sa fabrication et appareil chauffant l'utilisant

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