WO2019211034A1

WO2019211034A1 - Method for real-time control of a power supply and distribution system

Info

Publication number: WO2019211034A1
Application number: PCT/EP2019/056475
Authority: WO
Inventors: Sebastian UTZ
Original assignee: Innofas Gmbh
Priority date: 2018-05-03
Filing date: 2019-03-14
Publication date: 2019-11-07
Also published as: EP3759785A1; DE102018110628A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for optimized real-time operation of a power supply and distribution system (10) consisting of a plurality of energy-generating, energy-storing and energy-consuming system components (SYSi) using suitable means for acquiring, processing and storing operational data and simulation data.

Description

Method for real-time control of an energy supply and

distribution system

Description:

The invention relates to a method for optimized real-time control of a power supply and distribution system.

Energy supply and distribution systems for generating, storing and extracting energy are already known from the prior art. In the context of the energy turnaround and the energy-efficient supply, in particular the most self-sufficient energy supply possible for buildings, building complexes, infrastructure and correspondingly operated installations, there is an increasing need, both in private and in industry. smart and intelligent systems designed and operated optimally for consumers and energy sinks, on the one hand, in relation to the components of power generation and the intermediate storage of energy, on the other hand. Currently isolated solutions often arise, which may later be extended but were not interpreted under optimization and economic considerations.

Since such power distribution systems are interpretable and scalable in a variety of factors, system designers quickly reach such limits in determining appropriate overall concepts. However, the design of such a system concerns only one aspect. At the same time, the problem is to operate a system in real time within an optimal range. However, in order to ensure optimum real-time operation at all, a new and inventive method of operation according to the present invention is required. As just one example, a 1000 kW power supply and distribution system consisting of z. As a PV system, a buffer memory, two charging stations for charging and recovery of energy from an energy storage of a vehicle, a network connection for feeding and extracting energy from the public network and a central control considered. For a plant planner it is initially completely indefinable how he should interpret the individual components and a corresponding system with regard to system configuration, capacities and dimensioning. In addition to the scalable variables of the individual components and their performance data, unknown factors are added, such as

Extraction capacities, energy consumption, number of vehicles to be loaded and unloaded at the charging stations, orientation and location of the building (geographical climate data), economic data, such as

Feed-in tariff, electricity costs, power consumption behavior in the day / post-cycle, etc. Ultimately, the system designer has to consider many To make unknowns that are more or less accurately estimated in practice, taking into account certain assumptions.

Typically, theoretical assumptions for each individual component are currently used as the basis, a respective safety reserve is determined on the basis of consumption values and, based on this, the components thus designed are combined to form an overall system. So z. For example, the PV system is planned oversized and, regardless of the configuration of the charging stations, the known variables such as the roof pitch, the location, the orientation and, in particular, the desired output are included in the planning and design of the PV system. Since additional reserves are also calculated, the system is typically not dimensioned optimally. Within the meaning of the present invention, the optimum is understood to mean a state in which, in particular, the cost / benefit ratio is as low as possible, which means that it is possible to remove the respectively required services from the system with a minimum outlay on equipment and costs. Thus, depending on the electricity tariff of the public network provider, it might be harmless if the costs for the buffer storages can be reduced because the loading of vehicles takes place at night and accordingly the controller must be configured in such a way that the required power is only partially available to obtain the caches and connect to another part of the public network at a discounted night tariff over the network.

The task is even more difficult if the user-related and cost-driving factors in the design of individual components interact with the system design of the others

Components are to be made. In the prior art, no method is known as to how such a system is to be interpreted in or near optimum.

Typically, it is also in practice the power connection capacity accordingly To be dimensioned high, in order to catch bottlenecks and decrease tips safely over a Strombezug from the net. However, this can lead to high basic costs due to generally too high grid connection power, since the system planner has to plan and purchase correspondingly high grid connection power, so that, as a result, the planned system alone does not have an optimized system concept for this reason and consequently is not optimized can be operated with a real-time control.

The invention is therefore based on the object of providing a method for optimally operating a power supply and distribution system with real-time control.

This object is achieved by the feature combination according to claim 1.

A basic idea of the invention is to provide a two-stage process in order to arrive at an optimal real-time control.

According to the invention for this purpose in a first process stage, a simulation system with means for generating and / or processing simulation data of a simulation target space proposed in which a number of energy-generating, energy-storing and energy-consuming system components are as a plurality of elements, wherein between at least two elements an energy flow takes place in order to represent a simulation target space; Evaluation and / or calculating means for calculating a power factor relating to every two or more elements of the plurality of elements, taking into account their prioritization on the basis of the simulation data; Evaluation means for evaluating the performance data that will be provided or consumed by each element using the factors determined to determine therefrom the system components for which a variable efficiency value results in an optimum.

In other words, this means that in a first process stage a simulation mode with different components is provided and these components are simulated and optimized for different scenarios. For this purpose, for example, an energy bus can be provided, to which energy consumers and energy producers are connected. As outgoing conventional bus interfaces, such as TCP, CAN or other bus systems may be provided. The energy bus is relevant when the physical model is decoupled and replaced by the real variables. A second and essential aspect of the present invention relates to the design of a regulator. From the simulation model, a controller is designed according to the invention, wherein the input variables of each participant of the bus system are incorporated as a relevant rule size. Input variables such as minimum and maximum current, minimum and maximum voltage, energy content, SOC, temperature, weather data, costs such as

Feed-in tariffs and electricity costs and the like are included.

According to the invention, a method for optimized real-time operation of a power distribution and supply system is proposed, consisting of a plurality of energy-generating, energy-storing and energy-consuming system components (SYSi) using suitable means for detecting, processing, storing operating data and simulation data with the following steps: a. Means for selecting energy-producing, energy-storing and energy-consuming system components (SYSi) of the energy distribution and supply system; b. Creation of a simulation model for the operation of the power distribution and supply system with the selected system components nents, wherein the simulation model depicts a multiplicity of operating situations, which differ from one another through a variation of respectively controllable operating parameters of the system components; c. Designing a control system or control conditions based on data obtained from the simulation model and currently acquired operating data or operating parameters, d. Design a regulatory concept for the regulatory system.

As a further optional possibility it can be provided that e. the control concept designed a control loop, so that the currently detected operating data or operating parameters and their influence is compared to an operating variable to be optimized is determined with the data of the simulation model and depending on the size of the deviation, if the power distribution and supply system in at least this Operating variable or a lot of operating variables in an operating optimum is operated and, if necessary, a regulatory adjustment must be made.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention it is provided that the control system constantly adjusts the operating optimum after each reactivation itself, depending on the operating parameters of the current NEN and connected system components. This ensures that the system in each case when logging in and out of a participant speak a system component such as an electric vehicle, independently depending on the new situation regulates. According to the invention, it can also be provided that a user optimum is regulated.

A user optimum can be achieved, for example, by prioritizing the speed the charging process. A user who can access the system (for example a user of an electric vehicle) can predetermine user-specific boundary conditions in the system. Thus, for example, it can be specified as a boundary condition that a maximum energy charge flow reaches the vehicle in a given time, since it is intended to attempt to charge the on-board battery for example in one hour. Alternatively, an optimized price for the removal of electrical energy can be preselected, so that the charging process starts when the system offers the user a certain price of electricity (for example, night electricity). It would also be conceivable that electrical energy is fed from the vehicle battery, and only a residual charge capacity is to be kept in order to drive a be certain driving distance can.

If, as it were, an electric vehicle registers via an interface on the energy distribution and supply system, the control system recognizes the new subscriber and can then adjust a new optimized operating point depending on the simulation data and the actual operating data by means of the control concept.

The method according to the invention can be applied equally to industrial plants as well as to HEMS systems and to combinations thereof.

It is particularly advantageous if mathematical methods from FUZZY logic and / or neural networks are used to implement the control concepts. The fuzzy logic is preferably used when a technical process with several input and output variables is to be controlled with strongly changing parameters and non-linear subsystems as far as possible without human intervention. According to the invention, a fuzzy control system for this purpose is a static nonlinear control system which uses sharp input variables of a complex process forms fuzzified control variables and sharp defuzzified value signals, which are defined in an unclear manner according to the rules of a rule base. For the purposes of the present invention, a fuzzification of a sharp physical input variable (measured value) is the quantification by fuzzy definitions with linguistic terms or other parameters. The so-called graphical trapezoidal or triangular fuzzy sets are used to determine the degrees of membership from the discrete input signals within the basic quantities (variables). In the present case, however, this is done differently than in classical fuzzification on the basis of the simulation model and the optimization carried out there.

In this way, by means of fuzzification in combination with a simulation model, it is possible to regulate a real-time control for an ever-changing system at an optimum.

In a likewise alternative embodiment of the invention, it can be provided that neural networks are used in addition to or in addition to the FUZZY logic.

It is also advantageous if input variables of each system component are processed in the regulation of the optimum operating.

In another advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the control system can test the power distribution and supply system in a simulation using the control concept.

It can further be provided with advantage that the control system for controlling the operating optimum in particular detects the respective current energy consumption and / or the respective current energy entry in the power distribution and supply system and taken into account. In this way, in particular the dynamic behavior of the real system is taken into account when participants change their operating behavior, at the sys- log on or off, tariff changes occur at a specific time, or other system changes occur without manual intervention. By means of the method according to the invention, it is thus ensured that a dynamic and independent adaptation of the optimization point takes place in the context of a real-time control. However, such a regulation requires a corresponding memory and computing power and is not mandatory for the realization before lying invention but only optionally possible.

It is also advantageous if the communication of the system components and means in the system are via interfaces CAM, TCP, serial interface or other conventional communication interfaces. This ensures that communication can take place with conventional communication systems or the method according to the invention can be integrated into existing systems.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is provided that directly from the position level, from these data, a computer-readable program code, preferably a C-code, is generated. Thus, one aspect of the present invention is to generate from the fuzzification to determine the optimum operating a C-code in order to use these executable systems that process C-code. It is particularly advantageous if the generated computer-readable program code, in particular C code, is integrated on a microcontroller, also Labview or Canoe. As a result, it is also possible that the integrated on a microcontroller C code in applications of various devices can be used.

It is further advantageous if the control system determines the optimized operating conditions under consideration of system-specific boundary conditions, these being stored as setpoint values in a setpoint memory or operating memory of the control system.

Another aspect of the present invention relates to a control system for using a method as described above. In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the control system comprises a controller and an input unit for inputting operating parameters and / or variables used in the control.

It is also advantageous if the control system has a computing unit which is designed to perform a fuzzification on the basis of the values, operating parameters and / or variables of the system components.

It is also advantageous if the controller has interfaces in order to process input data of the simulation layer.

As an optimal operating point in the context of the present invention is a state to understand, in particular a business energy and cost optimum is achieved this example, as Variab len data for electricity costs per kilowatt hour and the feed-in tariff for feeding energy into the public network are taken into account ,

In the case of the implementation of an optional control loop, it is further preferred if the efficiency value is provided as a function of n variables, an optimum of the efficiency value representing a local extreme position of this function, preferably determined by the partial derivatives of the function and resulting therefrom resulting maximum value conditions or

Minimum value conditions, ie grad (f) with a corresponding zero point evaluation and the evaluation whether the course of the function in dependence of the corresponding variable around the local extremum around concave (mini mum) or convex (maximum) runs. In a likewise advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the evaluation unit uses simulation modules for the system components, which at least have their performance data can be parameterized. The simulation modules are designed so that they simulate the system component in the overall system according to a simulation model.

Other advantageous developments of the invention are characterized in the subclaims or will be described in more detail below together with the description of the preferred embodiment of the invention with reference to the figures.

Show it:

1 shows an exemplary representation of a power distribution and supply system;

Fig. 2 is a simplified schematic representation for explaining the

Determination of optimum operating conditions of an energy distribution and supply system.

The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, wherein the same reference numbers refer to the same structural and / or functional features.

FIG. 1 shows an exemplary representation of a power distribution and supply system 10. The power distribution and supply system 10 consists of a large number of energy-generating, energy-storing and energy-consuming system components SYSi. The arrows on the connecting lines show the possible energy flow. So z. B. from the energy-generating system components EN (eg, a PV system or a fuel cell) electrical energy via the central controller 20 to the different consumers Vi reach. The controller can thereby implement the energy flow according to a system-specific prioritization. The battery B1 as exclusively energy-storing system components SYSi allows z. B. a bi-directional energy flow when loading in Direction of the battery and when discharging from the battery out to a consumer or in the network to generate a feed-in remuneration at z. B. variable electricity tariff as a variable VAR the public network. By way of example, two charging stations LK with a charging capacity of 350 kW each with coupled electric vehicles F are shown, in each of which a battery B2 or B3 is installed. Once the vehicle F is in its coupling position with the charging station LK, electrical energy can be charged, but also excess (not needed) energy in z. For example, the battery B1 can be stored or power can be fed into the public grid via the grid connection N, if it makes sense in the macroeconomic perspective. Alternatively, z. B. also electrical energy from the battery B2 of a vehicle F in the battery B3 of the other vehicle F are transmitted directly via a charging station management. To operate such a system based on certain performance parameters of the system components SYSi and the consumers in real time and dependent on the connected participants speak system components, but it is necessary in a control process to control such a system in real time. In this case achievable technical effect is to be seen in particular in that an optimum operating and in particular an energy optimum can be achieved, whereby the overall efficiency of such a system is optimized.

FIG. 2 schematically illustrates the idea of such a control system. In the upper part of FIG. 2, an energy bus system 20 is shown schematically. The energy bus system 20 is exemplary with a

20 kV transformer 21 connected. On Energiebussystem 20 various participants SYSi are connected. Exemplary "subscribers" are electric vehicles 22, a PV system 23, energy storage 24 and, for example, a network connection N. For simulation lead from the power bus system 20 various bus lines bus 1 to bus 5 (S1 - S5) to the controller 30. The controller 30 is shown schematically in unte Ren part of Figure 2. The arrows 31 show schematically how input variables (eg costs per kilowatt hour) are fed into the control system as variable data. Immediately below, the interface inputs for the said buses S1 - S5 are shown schematically.

Depending on the various input variables, such as: maximum current, minimum current, maximum voltage, minimum voltage, SOC, and other system variables, a Fuzzy control based on the individual parameters is performed by means of a FUZZY control. In a first step, based on a simulation consideration by means of a simulation data model, the upper part of FIG. 1, a system simulation is carried out. Different scenarios are simulated and optimized for the system components. The result is used to design the controller 30 (lower part of the figure of Figure 2).

It is preferable to test and evaluate a scenario with the thus designed controller 30 in the simulation. If the scenario obtained is one of those scenarios that was determined in the simulation, the optimal calculation of the real system can be carried out on the basis of the magnitude of the deviation. In practice, for this purpose, conventional control means and control means are used to adapt the system or the system components closed thereto according to their performance by the controller 30. The invention is not limited in its execution to the above-mentioned preferred embodiments. Rather, a number of variants is conceivable, which makes use of the illustrated solution even with fundamentally different types of use.

Claims

claims

1. A method for optimized real-time operation of a power distribution and supply system (10) comprising a plurality of energy-producing, energy-storing and energy-consuming system components (SYSi) using suitable means for acquiring, processing, storing operating data and simulation data with the following steps: a. Means for selecting energy-producing, energy-saving and energy-consuming system components (SYSi) of the power distribution and supply system; b. Creation of a simulation model for the operation of the energy distribution and supply system with the selected system components, wherein the simulation model depicts a multiplicity of operating situations, which differ from one another through a variation of respectively controllable operating parameters of the system components; c. Designing a control system based on data obtained from the simulation model and currently recorded operating data or operating parameters, d. Design a regulatory concept for the regulatory system.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the control system regulates the operating optimum independently after each reactivation, depending on the operating parameters of the currently operated and connected system components.

3. The method of claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the control system uses an optimized control concept using at least one algorithm, a FUZZY control and / or neural networks.

4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the regulation of the optimum operating input variables of each system components are processed.

5. The method as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control system for which the energy distribution and supply system can be tested in a simulation environment using the control concept.

6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control system for controlling the operating optimum in particular detects the respective current energy consumption and / or the respective current energy entry in the power distribution and supply system and taken into account.

7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the communication of the system components and means in the system via interfaces CAM, TCP, serial interface or other conventional communication interfaces.

8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control system using the Re- in the context of a permissible deviation of the operating data from the simulation data, a computer-readable program code, preferably a C code, is generated.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that the generated computer-readable program code, in particular C-code on egg nem microcontroller, also Labview or Canoe is integrated.

10. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, character- ized in that the control system determines the optimized Betriebsbe conditions taking into account system-specific Randbe conditions, which are stored as setpoints.

A control system for using a method according to claims 1-10, wherein the control system comprises a controller and an input unit for inputting operating parameters and / or variables used in the control.

12. A control system according to claim 11, characterized in that the control system comprises a computing unit which is designed to perform a fuzzification based on the values, operating parameters and / or variables of the system components.

13. A control system according to claim 11 or 12, characterized marked, that the controller has interfaces to process input data of the simulation layer.