WO2019210503A1 - 可实现能量漏斗效应的无线充电系统及其无线充电方法 - Google Patents

可实现能量漏斗效应的无线充电系统及其无线充电方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019210503A1
WO2019210503A1 PCT/CN2018/085569 CN2018085569W WO2019210503A1 WO 2019210503 A1 WO2019210503 A1 WO 2019210503A1 CN 2018085569 W CN2018085569 W CN 2018085569W WO 2019210503 A1 WO2019210503 A1 WO 2019210503A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wireless
coil
magnetic resonance
wireless charging
charging system
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2018/085569
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李云辉
江俊
吕渴强
刘羽
王宇倩
卢杰
陈宇光
张冶文
陈鸿
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Tongji University
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Tongji University
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Priority to PCT/CN2018/085569 priority Critical patent/WO2019210503A1/zh
Publication of WO2019210503A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019210503A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F38/00—Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions
    • H01F38/14—Inductive couplings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
    • H02J50/12—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B40/00—Technologies aiming at improving the efficiency of home appliances, e.g. induction cooking or efficient technologies for refrigerators, freezers or dish washers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of radio energy transmission technologies, and in particular to a wireless charging system and a wireless charging method thereof, and more particularly to a wireless charging system capable of realizing an energy funnel effect between a transmitting coil and a receiving coil and a wireless charging method thereof.
  • Wireless charging means that electrical equipment in a certain space can be realized without using a charging line. Charging; compared with traditional wired charging, wireless charging is small in size, high in portability, and compatible, and it is also beneficial to waterproof and dustproof design of electrical equipment such as mobile phones.
  • the existing technologies of wireless charging mainly include magnetic induction wireless charging and magnetic resonance wireless charging.
  • the principle of magnetic induction wireless charging is to use the principle of electromagnetic induction, similar to a transformer, there is a coil at the transmitting end and the receiving end, the primary coil is connected to a certain frequency of alternating current, and due to electromagnetic induction, a certain current is generated in the secondary coil, Thereby transferring energy from the transmission end to the receiving end; however, the magnetic induction wireless charging requires that the receiving coil and the transmitting coil must be aligned, and the gap between the transmitting coil and the receiving coil must not exceed 5 mm, and only then, the current generated on the transmitting coil is generated. It is only possible for the magnetic induction line to pass through the receiving coil to achieve an increase in energy transmission efficiency; thus, the inconvenience that the electrical equipment must accurately position the placement greatly reduces the customer experience.
  • magnetic resonance wireless charging also known as near-field resonance
  • two devices When two devices are adjusted to the same or similar frequencies, or resonate at a specific frequency, they can exchange each other.
  • the energy is the same as the resonance principle of the sound.
  • the coils of the same vibration frequency arranged in the magnetic field can be supplied from one to the other; thus, when the whole system operates at their resonance frequencies, the magnetic field can be efficiently used in two
  • the coils are transmitted to each other to transfer energy. This energy is transmitted in a manner that does not require the same size of the coil and does not require alignment, and the transmission distance is also greatly improved compared with the magnetic induction type.
  • the magnetic resonance charging efficiency is much lower than that of the inductive type.
  • the magnetic resonance transmitting coil space is on the other hand.
  • the distribution is not uniform enough, the receiving coils are placed at different positions, and the coupling between the transmitting coils is different, which causes the resonance frequency between them to drift.
  • the efficiency of the system is greatly affected. Impact.
  • the present invention provides a wireless charging system capable of realizing an energy funnel effect and a wireless charging method thereof, which solves the technical problem of the existing wireless charging technology by forming an energy funnel effect between the transmitting coil and the receiving coil.
  • a wireless charging system and a charging method thereof which can effectively improve the transmission efficiency and transmission distance of a magnetic resonance wireless energy transmission system and have good positional robustness, can realize an energy funnel effect.
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention is to provide a wireless charging system capable of realizing an energy funnel effect, comprising: a wireless transmitting device including a wireless transmitting control circuit and a wireless transmitting coil, the wireless transmitting coil and the wireless The transmitting control circuit is electrically connected; the wireless receiving device comprises a wireless receiving coil, a magnetic resonance exciter, a wireless transmitting control circuit and a load, and the magnetic resonance exciter is disposed in the coil by the wireless receiving coil, the wireless receiving The coil, the wireless transmission control circuit and the load are electrically connected in sequence, and a planar winding area of the wireless receiving coil is smaller than a planar winding area of the wireless transmitting coil.
  • the magnetic resonance exciter comprises a first dielectric plate and a first metal spiral ring and a second metal spiral ring formed on opposite side plates of the first dielectric plate;
  • the first metal spiral ring is disposed parallel to the second metal spiral ring and oppositely disposed on the two side plates of the first dielectric plate; and the wireless receiving coil is corresponding to the periphery of the first dielectric plate
  • the ground circle is provided on the circumferential side of the magnetic resonance element.
  • the first metal spiral ring and the second metal spiral ring are helical coils of the same structure but symmetrically disposed on opposite sides of the first dielectric plate.
  • the first dielectric plate is a ceramic plate; the first metal spiral ring and the second metal spiral ring are spiral rings wound by a metal copper wire.
  • the magnetic resonance exciter comprises a second dielectric plate, a metal wire and a lumped parameter electronic component;
  • the second dielectric plate is formed with an oppositely disposed bottom plate and a top plate, the bottom plate and the bottom plate a vertical wall connection is provided between the top plates;
  • the metal wires are entangled on the vertical wall of the second dielectric plate;
  • the lumped parameter electronic components are connected to the metal wires and assembled on the second dielectric plate;
  • the wireless receiving coil is disposed on the circumferential side of the magnetic resonance element corresponding to the metal wire.
  • the wireless receiving device includes one or more of the magnetic resonance elements.
  • the load is a pure resistive element or a battery.
  • the resonant frequency of the wireless transmit coil deviates from the operating frequency of the wireless charging system, and the resonant frequency falls outside the range of the operating frequency ⁇ operating frequency * 50%.
  • the resonant frequency of the magnetic resonance element is near the operating frequency of the wireless charging system, and the resonant frequency falls within the range of the operating frequency ⁇ operating frequency * 20%.
  • the present invention also provides a wireless charging method that can implement an energy funnel effect, and the steps of the method include:
  • the wireless transmitting coil, the wireless receiving coil, and the magnetic resonance element are coupled to each other via a magnetic resonance evanescent field line for wireless energy transmission, so that the magnetic resonance element has an operating frequency of the wireless charging system
  • the real equivalent of the maximum equivalent permeability The real equivalent of the maximum equivalent permeability.
  • the present invention forms an energy funnel effect by a wireless charging system, and enables a magnetic induction line generated by a wireless transmission coil that is passed through a high-frequency current to pass through a magnetic resonance exciter surrounded by a wireless receiving coil within a certain distance. And it is not affected by the movement of the receiving coil, so that the wireless transmitting device and the wireless receiving device form an excellent transmission efficiency and greatly improve the charging efficiency, and realize a long-distance and high-efficiency wireless power transmission.
  • the wireless charging system of the present invention can realize the technical effect that the charging efficiency does not change with the change of the position within the charging range by forming a funnel-shaped magnetic field distribution between the wireless transmitting coil and the wireless receiving coil.
  • the system of the present invention facilitates miniaturization of the receiving end device of the wireless energy transmission system.
  • the system of the invention has the beneficial technical effects of simple device process and low preparation cost.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall architecture of a wireless charging system of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a wireless transmitting apparatus of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a wireless receiving apparatus of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view showing the structure of a first embodiment of the magnetic resonance element of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view showing the structure of a second embodiment of the magnetic resonance element of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic view showing the state of use of the wireless transmitting apparatus and the wireless receiving apparatus of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of a funnel-shaped magnetic field when the wireless transmitting device of the present invention is aligned with the wireless receiving device.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a funnel-shaped magnetic field distribution when the wireless transmitting device of the present invention is misaligned with the wireless receiving device.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing the transmission efficiency of the wireless receiving apparatus of the system of the present invention maintaining a vertical transmission distance of 10 cm and being located at different positions with the wireless transmitting apparatus.
  • Wireless transmitting device 10 wireless transmitting control circuit 11; wireless transmitting coil 12; wireless receiving device 20; wireless receiving coil 21; magnetic resonance element 22; wireless transmitting control circuit 23; load 24; magnetic resonance element 22A; Plate 221; first metal spiral ring 222; second metal spiral ring 223; magnetic resonance element 22B; second dielectric plate 224; funnel-shaped magnetic field 30.
  • the wireless charging system includes a wireless transmitting device 10 and a wireless receiving device 20, and the wireless transmitting device 10 includes a wireless transmitting control circuit 11 and a wireless transmitting coil 12, and the wireless transmitting coil 12 and The wireless transmission control circuit 11 is electrically connected;
  • the wireless receiving device 20 includes a wireless receiving coil 21, a magnetic resonance element 22, a wireless transmission control circuit 23, and a load 24, and the magnetic resonance element 22 is received by the wireless
  • the coil 21 is disposed in the coil, and the wireless receiving coil 21, the wireless transmission control circuit 23 and the load 24 are electrically connected in sequence; wherein the wireless charging system of the present invention passes the plane of the wireless receiving coil 21
  • the winding area is smaller than the planar winding area of the wireless transmitting coil 12, thereby forming an energy funnel effect between the wireless transmitting coil 12 and the wireless receiving coil 21, that is, energy is emitted from a large-area section and then flows into a small-area section. An effect. Therefore, in the present invention, the small-area wireless receiving coil 21 can collect the magnetic field
  • the wireless receiving device 20 may include one or more of the magnetic resonance elements 22.
  • the load 24 can be selected from, but not limited to, a purely resistive element or a battery.
  • the resonant frequency of the wireless transmitting coil 12 is far from the operating frequency of the wireless charging system, and the resonant frequency preferably falls within the operating frequency ⁇ operating frequency * 50% Outside the scope. Thereby, the resonant frequency of the wireless transmitting coil 12 is far from the operating frequency of the wireless charging system of the present invention, thereby forming a no-load, effectively reducing the circuit transmitting power to within 1% of the maximum transmitting power.
  • the resonant frequency of the magnetic resonance element 22 is preferably near the operating frequency of the wireless charging system, and the resonant frequency preferably falls within the range of the operating frequency ⁇ operating frequency * 20%.
  • the operating frequency of the wireless charging system is preferably 10 kHz to 50 MHz.
  • the aforementioned operating frequency range may be adjusted according to the actual working requirements of the wireless charging system, and is not intended to limit the present invention.
  • the wireless transmitting coil 12 is preferably a spiral metal copper coil, and the wireless transmitting coil 12 has a first end and a second end connected to the wireless transmission control circuit 11, specifically, The first end and the second end of the wireless transmitting coil 12 extend and are led out, and the wire body between the first end and the second end has a square spiral shape, and the number of turns is 2 turns. More specifically, the square winding area of the wireless transmitting coil 12 may have a length of 180 mm and a width of 120 mm, and the coil has a wire body cross-sectional diameter of 2 mm.
  • the wireless receiving coil 21 is preferably a rectangular metal copper coil, and the wireless receiving coil 21 has a first end and a second end connected to the wireless transmission control circuit 23, specifically, The second end of the first end of the wireless receiving coil 21 extends and is led out, and the wire body between the first end and the second end is formed in a square frame shape. More specifically, the square winding area of the wireless receiving coil 21 may have a length of 120 mm and a width of 70 mm, and the coil has a wire body cross-sectional diameter of 2 mm.
  • the specifications of the foregoing wireless transmitting coil 12 and the wireless receiving coil 21 are not used to limit the present invention, and the specifications of the wireless transmitting coil 12 and the wireless receiving coil 21 may be coordinated or independently adjusted according to the working requirements of the wireless charging system. .
  • the magnetic resonance element 22 in the wireless charging system of the present invention includes at least two embodiments.
  • the magnetic resonance element 22A includes a first dielectric plate 221 and a first metal spiral ring 222 and a second metal spiral ring 223 formed on opposite side plates of the first dielectric plate 221;
  • the metal spiral ring 222 is disposed on the two side plates of the first dielectric plate 221 in parallel with the second metal spiral ring 223; and the wireless receiving coil 21 is corresponding to the first dielectric plate.
  • a 221 circumferential circle is provided on the circumferential side of the magnetic resonance element 22A.
  • the first metal spiral ring 222 and the second metal spiral ring 223 are spiral coils of the same structure but symmetrically disposed on opposite sides of the first dielectric plate 221.
  • the number of turns of the spiral ring is changed according to the characteristic of the first dielectric plate 22 to form a real part of the maximum equivalent permeability at the operating frequency of the system to maximize the energy generated by the wireless transmitting coil 12.
  • the adsorption i.e., the majority of the magnetic field of the wireless charging system of the present invention is concentrated around the magnetic resonance element 22 to allow more magnetic lines of inductance to pass through the wireless receiving coil 21.
  • the first metal spiral ring 222 and the second metal spiral ring 223 are formed on the surface of the first dielectric plate 221 by a printed circuit board processing technique. More specifically, the metal spiral ring is formed on the surface of the dielectric plate by an etching technique. The first metal spiral ring 222 and the second metal spiral ring 223 are specifically mirror-symmetrically disposed on the two side plates of the first dielectric plate 221 .
  • the first dielectric plate 221 may be a ceramic plate, and the first metal spiral ring 222 and the second metal spiral ring 223 may be metal copper wire wound. a spiral ring.
  • the specific selection of the first dielectric plate 221 and the first metal spiral ring 222 and the second metal spiral ring 223 is not limited to the foregoing, and may be selected from other materials well known in the art that can perform the same function.
  • the first dielectric plate 221 is preferably a ceramic plate having a dielectric constant of 10.2.
  • the thickness of the first dielectric plate 221 is preferably 0.8 mm.
  • each of the magnetic resonance elements 22A may have a length of 50 mm and a width.
  • two vertically side-by-side magnetic resonance elements 22A are adjacent to each other to form a total working area having a length of 100 mm and a width of 50 mm.
  • the first metal spiral ring 222 and the second metal spiral ring 223 are formed by a copper strip winding having a square cross section, The thickness of the copper strip is 0.035 mm, and the width of the copper strip around the first dielectric plate 221 is 1 mm.
  • the copper strip is wound around the crucible to form a multi-turn spiral structure, and the spacing between the copper strips of each coil is 0.8 mm.
  • the number of turns of the copper strip of the first metal spiral ring 222 and the second metal spiral ring 223 may be specifically 7 turns.
  • the magnetic resonance element 22B includes a second dielectric plate 224, a metal wire 225, and a lumped parameter electronic component;
  • the second dielectric plate 224 is formed with an oppositely disposed bottom plate and a top plate, and the bottom plate is disposed between the bottom plate and the top plate a vertical wall connection;
  • the metal wire 225 is entangled on the vertical wall of the second dielectric plate 224;
  • the lumped parameter electronic component is connected to the metal wire 225 and mounted on the second dielectric plate 224;
  • the wireless receiving coil 21 is looped around the metal wire 225 on the circumferential side of the magnetic resonance element 22B.
  • the second medium plate 224 includes a bottom plate and a top plate disposed opposite to each other, and a vertical wall connection is formed between the bottom plate and the top plate, and the vertical wall is retracted inside the edge of the bottom plate and the top plate.
  • the outer surface of the vertical wall and the edge of the bottom plate and the edge of the top plate together define a winding space for forming the metal wire 225; the magnetic resonance element 22B is provided between the inner surface of the vertical wall and the bottom plate and the The empty window of the top plate.
  • the second dielectric plate 224 is shaped into a three-dimensional rectangular structure.
  • the bottom plate and the top plate are formed into a square plate, and the vertical wall is formed by four folded L-shaped flat plates (such as a dotted L-shaped area in FIG. 5), and the folded plate is The corner is shaped as an R-angle structure such that the metal wire 225 is conformed to the outside of the upright wall.
  • the wireless charging system in which the energy funnel effect can be realized by the present invention has been described above, and the wireless charging method of the wireless charging system will be described below.
  • the steps of the method include:
  • Step 1 As shown in FIG. 6, a wireless charging system capable of realizing an energy funnel effect as described above is provided, wherein the wireless transmitting coil 12 has a large planar winding area with respect to the wireless receiving coil 21;
  • Step 2 driving the wireless transmitting coil 12 to transmit energy to the wireless receiving coil 21, as shown in FIG. 7 and FIG. 8, the energy forming a funnel between the wireless transmitting coil 12 and the wireless receiving coil 21. Effect, that is, a funnel-shaped magnetic field 30 is formed between the wireless transmitting coil 12 and the wireless receiving coil 21;
  • Step 3 The wireless transmitting coil 12, the wireless receiving coil 21 and the magnetic resonance element 22 are mutually coupled by a magnetic resonance evanescent field line for wireless energy transmission, so that the magnetic resonance element 22 is in the wireless
  • the operating system at the charging system has the real equivalent of the maximum equivalent permeability.
  • energy is emitted from a large-area cross section (wireless transmitting device 10) and flows into a small-area cross section (wireless receiving device 20) by the foregoing technical solution, thereby forming an energy funnel effect, that is, forming a structure as shown in FIG.
  • the funnel-shaped magnetic field 30 shown in FIG. this effect is embodied in that a small-area wireless receiving coil can collect a magnetic field emitted by a large-area wireless transmitting coil, thereby achieving efficient wireless charging.
  • the wireless transmitting coil 12 of the present invention When the wireless transmitting coil 12 of the present invention is connected to a high frequency current, within a certain distance, the magnetic sensing lines generated by the wireless transmitting coil 12 are all passed through the magnetic resonance element 22 surrounded by the wireless receiving coil 21, and are not received by the wireless receiver.
  • the movement of the coil 21 is affected (Fig. 8). That is, most of the energy emitted by the wireless transmitting coil 12 is collected by the magnetic resonance element 22, so that an excellent transmission efficiency is formed between the wireless transmitting device 10 and the wireless receiving device 20, and the charging efficiency is also greatly improved.
  • the “certain distance” between the wireless transmitting coil 12 and the wireless receiving coil 21 can be adaptively adjusted according to the application scenario and the coil configuration; the coil configuration includes the size of the coil, Shape and so on.
  • the resonant frequency f of the non-resonant wireless transmitting coil 12 and the wireless receiving coil 21 is transmitted away from the resonant frequency f 0 of the wireless charging system, and the resonant frequency f of the magnetic resonance element 22 is magnetically close to the wireless charging.
  • the resonant frequency f 0 of the system is such that the magnetic lines of inductance generated by the wireless transmitting coil 12 that is passed into the high frequency current are all passed through the magnetic resonance element 22 surrounded by the wireless receiving coil 21 and are not affected by the movement of the receiving coil.
  • Figure 9 is a symbolic illustration of the following:
  • X, y, z three-dimensional coordinate axis
  • h a vertical transmission distance between the wireless transmitting device 10 and the wireless receiving device 20;
  • 94% refers to the transmission efficiency of different locations in the plane area where the wireless receiving device 20 is located; for example: 92%, 93%, 95%.
  • This wireless charging system that can realize the energy funnel effect can be well applied to the fields of radio energy transmission, miniaturization of the receiving end, and biomedicine.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供一种可实现能量漏斗效应的无线充电系统及其无线充电方法，所述系统包括无线发射装置及无线接收装置，所述无线发射装置包括无线发射控制电路和无线发射线圈，所述无线发射线圈与所述无线发射控制电路电性连接；所述无线接收装置包括无线接收线圈、磁共振激元、无线发射控制电路和负载，所述磁共振激元被所述无线接收线圈圈设于线圈内，所述无线接收线圈、所述无线发射控制电路和所述负载依序电性连接，所述无线接收线圈的平面绕匝面积小于所述无线发射线圈的平面绕匝面积，借此在发射线圈与接收线圈之间形成能量漏斗效应，提高磁共振无线能量传输系统的传输效率与传输距离，形成位置鲁棒性较好的无线充电系统及其充电方法。

Description

可实现能量漏斗效应的无线充电系统及其无线充电方法 技术领域
本发明涉及无线电能传输技术领域，具体来说涉及无线充电系统及其无线充电方法，特别是指可在发射线圈与接收线圈之间实现能量漏斗效应的无线充电系统及其无线充电方法。
背景技术
传统的可携用电设备往往采用有线充电的方式，因此需要在可携用电设备上留有充电接口，使得供电及充电装置皆不能密封，影响了装置的防水防尘等级且可靠性下降。为解决前述问题，近些年来，无线电能传输的技术在便携式移动设备、电动汽车等领域得到了不断发展和推广，无线充电是指不借助充电线即可以实现对一定空间范围内的用电设备充电；与传统有线充电相比，无线充电体积小、便携性高、兼容性强，同时也有利于如手机等用电设备防水防尘设计等优点。
目前，无线充电现有的技术主要有磁感应无线充电和磁共振无线充电。其中，磁感应无线充电的原理是利用电磁感应原理，类似于变压器，在发送端和接收端各有一个线圈，初级线圈上通一定频率的交流电，由于电磁感应在次级线圈中产生一定的电流，从而将能量从传输端转移到接收端；然而，磁感应无线充电要求接收线圈和发射线圈必须对准，同时发射线圈和接收线圈之间的间隙不能超过5mm，只有如此，发射线圈上电流所产生的磁感线才可能尽可能多的穿过接收线圈，实现能量传输效率的提升；从而用电设备必须精确对放位置造成的不便性大大降低了客户体验。
针对磁感应无线充电的技术问题，目前已有科学家提出了依靠磁谐振在中距离(约达到5公尺)所实现高效无线能量传输。其理论主要是依靠具有相同谐振频率的发射端与接收端之间的磁谐振倏逝场线相互耦合来实现两端之间的快速能量交换，由于电磁谐振的存在，两端聚集大量的电磁能量，从而使倏逝磁场延生得更远，以高效地实现中距离能量传输。
另外，磁共振无线充电也称为近场谐振式，由能量发送装置和能量接收装置组成，当两个装置调整到相同或相近频率，或者说在一个特定的频 率上共振，它们就可以交换彼此的能量，其原理与声音的共振原理相同，排列在磁场中的相同振动频率的线圈，可从一个向另一个供电；从而，当整个系统在它们共振频率处工作时，磁场可以高效的在两个线圈相互传递来传递能量，这种能量的传递方式不需要线圈大小一样，也不需要对准，而且传输距离也较磁感应式大大提升。但是磁共振式的充电效率比感应式的降低不少，一方面是由于磁共振式所使用的频率较高，有一部分能量通过发射线圈谐振辐射到外界，另一方面是由于磁共振发射线圈空间分布不够均匀，接收线圈放置不同的位置，和发射线圈之间的耦合会不同，这样导致它们之间的共振频率会漂移，在系统工作频率保持不变的情况下，系统的效率会受到很大的影响。
发明内容
鉴于上述情况，本发明提供一种可实现能量漏斗效应的无线充电系统及其无线充电方法，通过在发射线圈与接收线圈之间形成能量漏斗效应，解决了现有无线充电技术的技术问题，达到有效地提高磁共振无线能量传输系统的传输效率与传输距离且位置鲁棒性较好的可实现能量漏斗效应的无线充电系统及其充电方法。
为实现上述目的，本发明采取的技术方案是提供一种可实现能量漏斗效应的无线充电系统，包括：无线发射装置，包括无线发射控制电路和无线发射线圈，所述无线发射线圈与所述无线发射控制电路电性连接；无线接收装置，包括无线接收线圈、磁共振激元、无线发射控制电路和负载，所述磁共振激元被所述无线接收线圈圈设于线圈内，所述无线接收线圈、所述无线发射控制电路和所述负载依序电性连接，所述无线接收线圈的平面绕匝面积小于所述无线发射线圈的平面绕匝面积。
在所述系统实施例中，所述磁共振激元包括第一介质板以及形成于所述第一介质板相对两侧板面上的第一金属螺线环和第二金属螺线环；所述第一金属螺线环与所述第二金属螺线环平行且位置相反地设置于所述第一介质板的两侧板面上；令所述无线接收线圈对应所述第一介质板周缘地圈设于所述磁共振激元的周侧。
在所述系统实施例中，所述第一金属螺线环及所述第二金属螺线环为结构相同但镜像对称设置于所述第一介质板相对两侧的螺旋线圈。
在所述系统实施例中，所述第一介质板为陶瓷板；所述第一金属螺线 环及所述第二金属螺线环为金属铜线绕成的螺线环。
在所述系统实施例中，所述磁共振激元包括第二介质板、金属导线及集总参数电子元件；所述第二介质板成形有相对设置的底板及顶板，所述底板与所述顶板之间设有立壁连接；所述金属导线多重绕匝于所述第二介质板的立壁上；所述集总参数电子元件与所述金属导线连接并装配于所述第二介质板上；令所述无线接收线圈对应所述金属导线地圈设于所述磁共振激元的周侧。
在所述系统实施例中，所述无线接收装置包括一个或多个所述磁共振激元。
在所述系统实施例中，所述负载为纯阻性元件或电池。
在所述系统实施例中，所述无线发射线圈的共振频率偏离所述无线充电系统的工作频率，所述共振频率落在所述工作频率±工作频率*50％的范围之外。
在所述系统实施例中，所述磁共振激元的共振频率在所述无线充电系统的工作频率附近，所述共振频率落在所述工作频率±工作频率*20％的范围之内。
另外，本发明还提供一种可实现能量漏斗效应的无线充电方法，所述方法的步骤包括：
提供如前述实施例的可实现能量漏斗效应的无线充电系统，其中，所述无线发射线圈相对于所述无线接收线圈具有较大的平面绕匝面积；
驱动所述无线发射线圈向所述无线接收线圈发射能量，所述能量在所述无线发射线圈与所述无线接收线圈之间形成漏斗效应；
所述无线发射线圈、所述无线接收线圈及所述磁共振激元通过磁谐振倏逝场线相互耦合进行无线能量传输，令所述磁共振激元在所述无线充电系统的工作频率处具有最大等效磁导率实部。
本发明由于采用了以上技术方案，使其具有以下有益效果：
(1)本发明通过无线充电系统形成能量漏斗效应，能够在一定距离内，使通入高频率电流无线发射线圈产生的磁感线全都从无线接收线圈所包围的磁共振激元中穿过，且不随接收线圈的移动而受影响，使得无线发射装置与无线接收装置之间形成极好的传输效率并大幅提高充电效率，实现较远距离且高效率的无线电能传输。
(2)本发明的无线充电系统通过形成在无线发射线圈与无线接收线圈 之间漏斗状磁场分布，能够在充电范围内，实现充电效率大小不随位置的变化而改变的技术效果。
(3)本发明系统利于实现无线能量传输系统接收端装置的小型化。
(4)本发明系统具有装置工艺精简，制备成本低廉的有益技术效果。
本发明的这些和其它目的、特点和优势，通过下述的详细说明和权利要求得以充分体现，并可通过所附权利要求中特地指出的手段、装置和它们的组合得以实现。
附图说明
图1是本发明无线充电系统的整体架构示意图。
图2是本发明无线发射装置的结构示意图。
图3是本发明无线接收装置的结构示意图。
图4是本发明磁共振激元的第一实施例结构示意图。
图5是本发明磁共振激元的第二实施例结构示意图。
图6是本发明无线发射装置与无线接收装置的使用状态示意图。
图7是本发明无线发射装置与无线接收装置对准时的漏斗状磁场分布示意图。
图8是本发明无线发射装置与无线接收装置错位时的漏斗状磁场分布示意图。
图9是本发明系统的无线接收装置在与无线发射装置之间竖向传输距离维持10公分且位于不同位置的传输效率示意图。
附图标记与部件的对应关系如下：
无线发射装置10；无线发射控制电路11；无线发射线圈12；无线接收装置20；无线接收线圈21；磁共振激元22；无线发射控制电路23；负载24；磁共振激元22A；第一介质板221；第一金属螺线环222；第二金属螺线环223；磁共振激元22B；第二介质板224；漏斗状磁场30。
具体实施方式
在这里将公开本发明的详细的具体实施方案。然而应当理解，所公开的实施方案仅仅是本发明的典型例子，并且本发明可以通过多种备选形式来实施。因此，这里所公开的具体结构和功能细节不是限制性的，仅是以权利要求为原则，作为向本领域技术人员说明不同实施方式的代表性原则。
为利于对本发明的了解，以下结合附图1至图8及实施例说明本发明提供的一种可实现能量漏斗效应的无线充电系统及其无线充电方法。
如图1、图6所示，所述无线充电系统包括无线发射装置10和无线接收装置20，所述无线发射装置10包括无线发射控制电路11和无线发射线圈12，所述无线发射线圈12与所述无线发射控制电路11电性连接；所述无线接收装置20包括无线接收线圈21、磁共振激元22、无线发射控制电路23和负载24，所述磁共振激元22被所述无线接收线圈21圈设于线圈内，所述无线接收线圈21、所述无线发射控制电路23和所述负载24依序电性连接；其中，本发明无线充电系统通过使所述无线接收线圈21的平面绕匝面积小于所述无线发射线圈12的平面绕匝面积，从而在无线发射线圈12与无线接收线圈21之间形成能量漏斗效应，即指能量从大面积截面发射流出，然后流入小面积截面的一种效应。是以，在本发明中，小面积的无线接收线圈21可以收集大面积的无线发射线圈12发射的磁场，从而实现高效的无线充电。
于本发明的无线充电系统实施例中，所述无线接收装置20可以包括一个或多个所述磁共振激元22。所述负载24可选自但不限于纯阻性元件或电池。
于本发明的无线充电系统实施例中，所述无线发射线圈12的共振频率远远偏离所述无线充电系统的工作频率，所述共振频率较佳落在所述工作频率±工作频率*50％的范围之外。借此，通过无线发射线圈12的共振频率远远偏离本发明无线充电系统的工作频率，从而形成空载，有效将电路发射功率降低至最大发射功率的1％以内。
此外，所述磁共振激元22的共振频率较佳在所述无线充电系统的工作频率附近，所述共振频率较佳落在所述工作频率±工作频率*20％的范围之内。
于本发明实施例中，所述无线充电系统的工作频率较佳为10KHz至50MHz。但应被理解的是前述工作频率范围可以依无线充电系统的实际工作需求进行调整，不应用于限制本发明。
如图2所示，显示了本发明无线充电系统中无线发射装置10的结构示意图。于本发明实施例中，所述无线发射线圈12较佳为螺旋形金属铜制线圈，所述无线发射线圈12具有第一端及第二端与所述无线发射控制电路11连接，具体地，所述无线发射线圈12的第一端及第二端延伸并被引出， 所述第一端与所述第二端之间的线体绕匝呈方形螺旋状，具体螺旋圈数为2圈。更具体地，所述无线发射线圈12的方形绕匝区域尺寸可以是长度为180mm、宽度为120mm，线圈的线体横截直径为2mm。
如图3所示，显示了本发明无线充电系统中无线接收装置20的结构示意图。于本发明实施例中，所述无线接收线圈21较佳为长方形金属铜制线圈，所述无线接收线圈21具有第一端及第二端与所述无线发射控制电路23连接，具体地，所述无线接收线圈21的第一端第二端延伸并被引出，所述第一端与所述第二端之间的线体绕匝呈方形框状。更具体地，所述无线接收线圈21的方形绕匝区域尺寸可以是长度为120mm、宽度为70mm，线圈的线体横截直径为2mm。
应被理解的是，前述无线发射线圈12及无线接收线圈21的规格尺寸不用于限制本发明，无线发射线圈12和无线接收线圈21的规格尺寸可根据无线充电系统的工作需求相互配合或独立调整。
如图4、图5所示，本发明无线充电系统中的磁共振激元22包括至少两种实施态样。
如图4所示，显示了第一实施例磁共振激元22A的结构示意图。所述磁共振激元22A包括第一介质板221以及形成于所述第一介质板221相对两侧板面上的第一金属螺线环222和第二金属螺线环223；所述第一金属螺线环222与所述第二金属螺线环223平行且位置相反地设置于所述第一介质板221的两侧板面上；令所述无线接收线圈21对应所述第一介质板221周缘地圈设于所述磁共振激元22A的周侧。具体地，所述第一金属螺线环222及所述第二金属螺线环223为结构相同但镜像对称设置于所述第一介质板221相对两侧的螺旋线圈。
其中，所述螺线环的圈数是根据第一介质板22的特性改变，以在系统工作频率处形成最大等效磁导率实部，以对所述无线发射线圈12产生的能量形成最大吸附作用，即，使本发明无线充电系统的大部分磁场聚集在所述磁共振激元22周围，以令更多的磁感线通过所述无线接收线圈21。
于所述磁共振激元22A的实施例中，所述第一金属螺线环222及所述第二金属螺线环223通过印刷电路板加工技术形成于所述第一介质板221的板面上，更具体地，所述金属螺线环是通过蚀刻技术形成于介质板的板面上。其中，所述第一金属螺线环222与所述第二金属螺线环223具体为镜像对称地设于所述第一介质板221的两侧板面上。
于所述磁共振激元22A的实施例中，所述第一介质板221可为陶瓷板，所述第一金属螺线环222及所述第二金属螺线环223可为金属铜线绕成的螺线环。所述第一介质板221及所述第一金属螺线环222、第二金属螺线环223的具体选材并不限于前述，也可以选自本领域熟知的其他能够起到相同作用的材料。具体地，所述第一介质板221较佳为介电常数10.2的陶瓷板。所述第一介质板221的厚度较佳为0.8mm。
如图3、图4所示，显示在无线接收装置20的无线接收线圈21内设置两个磁共振激元22A的实施例，各所述磁共振激元22A的尺寸可以是长度为50mm、宽度为50mm，令两个竖直并排的磁共振激元22A邻接形成长度为100mm、宽度为50mm的总工作面积。更具体地，于所述磁共振激元22A的实施例中，所述第一金属螺线环222和所述第二金属螺线环223为横截面呈方形的铜带绕匝构成，所述铜带的厚度为0.035mm，所述铜带绕匝于第一介质板221上的平面宽度为1mm，所述铜带绕匝形成多圈螺旋结构，各圈铜带之间的间距为0.8mm；所述第一金属螺线环222与所述第二金属螺线环223的铜带绕匝圈数具体可为7圈。
如图5所示，显示了第二实施例磁共振激元22B的结构示意图。所述磁共振激元22B包括第二介质板224、金属导线225及集总参数电子元件；所述第二介质板224成形有相对设置的底板及顶板，所述底板与所述顶板之间设有立壁连接；所述金属导线225多重绕匝于所述第二介质板224的立壁上；所述集总参数电子元件与所述金属导线225连接并装配于所述第二介质板224上；令所述无线接收线圈21对应所述金属导线225地圈设于所述磁共振激元22B的周侧。
于所述磁共振激元22B的实施例中，如图5所示，显示了本发明磁共振激元22B的第二介质板224及金属导线225绕匝结构平面示意图。具体地，所述第二介质板224包括相对设置的底板及顶板，所述底板与所述顶板之间设有立壁连接，所述立壁缩进位于所述底板与所述顶板的边缘内侧，所述立壁的外面与所述底板边缘及所述顶板边缘共同界定形成所述金属导线225的绕匝空间；所述磁共振激元22B于所述立壁的内面之间设有贯通所述底板及所述顶板的空窗部。更具体地，所述第二介质板224成形为立体矩形结构。具体地，所述底板及所述顶板成形为正方形板，所述立壁是由四个平面形状呈L形的折板(如图5中的虚线L形区域)围立构成，所述折板的转角处成形为R角结构，使所述金属导线225服贴地绕匝于所述 立壁的外面上。
以上说明了本发明可实现能量漏斗效应的无线充电系统，以下说明所述无线充电系统的无线充电方法。所述方法的步骤包括：
步骤1：如图6所示，提供如前所述的可实现能量漏斗效应的无线充电系统，其中，所述无线发射线圈12相对于所述无线接收线圈21具有较大的平面绕匝面积；
步骤2：驱动所述无线发射线圈12向所述无线接收线圈21发射能量，如图7、图8所示，所述能量在所述无线发射线圈12与所述无线接收线圈21之间形成漏斗效应，即，在无线发射线圈12与无线接收线圈21之间形成漏斗状磁场30；
步骤3：所述无线发射线圈12、所述无线接收线圈21及所述磁共振激元22通过磁谐振倏逝场线相互耦合进行无线能量传输，令所述磁共振激元22在所述无线充电系统的工作频率处具有最大等效磁导率实部。
是以本发明通过前述技术方案，使能量从大面积截面(无线发射装置10)发射流出，并流入小面积截面(无线接收装置20)，从而形成了能量漏斗效应，即，形成了如图7、图8所示的漏斗状磁场30。在本发明中，这种效应具体表现为：小面积的无线接收线圈可以收集大面积无线发射线圈发射的磁场，从而来实现高效的无线充电。本发明的无线发射线圈12通入高频率电流时，在一定距离内，无线发射线圈12产生的磁感线全都从无线接收线圈21所包围的磁共振激元22中穿过，且不随无线接收线圈21的移动而受影响(如图8)。即无线发射线圈12发射的能量大部分被磁共振激元22收集，使得无线发射装置10与无线接收装置20之间形成极好的传输效率，充电效率也大大提高。于本发明实施例中，所述无线发射线圈12与无线接收线圈21之间的“一定距离”，具体可以根据应用场景及线圈构形进行适应性调整；所述线圈构形包括线圈的尺寸、形状等。
本发明通过前述技术方案，使非共振的无线发射线圈12和无线接收线圈21的共振频率f 发远离无线充电系统的共振频率f 0，并使磁共振激元22的共振频率f 磁接近无线充电系统的共振频率f 0，从而实现使通入高频率电流无线发射线圈12产生的磁感线全都从无线接收线圈21所包围的磁共振激元22中穿过，且不随接收线圈的移动而受影响的技术效果。
如图9所示，显示采用本发明实验得到的一种可实现能量漏斗效应的无线充电系统在竖直传输距离h＝10cm的三维示意图。图9符号标示说明 如下：
W：无线发射装置10的线圈宽度；
L：无线发射装置10的线圈长度；
w：无线接收装置20的线圈宽度；
l：无线接收装置20的线圈长度；
x、y、z：三维座标轴；
h：无线发射装置10与无线接收装置20之间的竖直传输距离；
94％：指无线接收装置20所在平面区域中不同位置的传输效率；例如：92％、93％、95％。
由图9可知，无线接收装置20在竖直传输距离h＝10cm的平面的不同位置的传输效率的大小几乎一致，显示传输效率不随无线接收装置20位置的变化而改变。这种可实现能量漏斗效应的无线充电系统可以很好的应用于无线电能传输，接收端负载小型化以及生物医学等领域。
以上结合附图及实施例对本发明进行了详细说明，本领域中普通技术人员可根据上述说明对本发明做出种种变化例。因而，实施例中的某些细节不应构成对本发明的限定，本发明将以所附权利要求书界定的范围作为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种可实现能量漏斗效应的无线充电系统，其特征在于，包括：
    无线发射装置，包括无线发射控制电路和无线发射线圈，所述无线发射线圈与所述无线发射控制电路电性连接；
    无线接收装置，包括无线接收线圈、磁共振激元、无线发射控制电路和负载，所述磁共振激元被所述无线接收线圈圈设于线圈内，所述无线接收线圈、所述无线发射控制电路和所述负载依序电性连接，所述无线接收线圈的平面绕匝面积小于所述无线发射线圈的平面绕匝面积。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的可实现能量漏斗效应的无线充电系统，其特征在于：
    所述磁共振激元包括第一介质板以及形成于所述第一介质板相对两侧板面上的第一金属螺线环和第二金属螺线环；所述第一金属螺线环与所述第二金属螺线环平行且位置相反地设置于所述第一介质板的两侧板面上；令所述无线接收线圈对应所述第一介质板周缘地圈设于所述磁共振激元的周侧。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的可实现能量漏斗效应的无线充电系统，其特征在于：
    所述第一金属螺线环及所述第二金属螺线环为结构相同但镜像对称设置于所述第一介质板相对两侧的螺旋线圈。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的可实现能量漏斗效应的无线充电系统，其特征在于：
    所述第一介质板为陶瓷板；
    所述第一金属螺线环及所述第二金属螺线环为金属铜线绕成的螺线环。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的可实现能量漏斗效应的无线充电系统，其特征在于：
    所述磁共振激元包括第二介质板、金属导线及集总参数电子元件；所 述第二介质板成形有相对设置的底板及顶板，所述底板与所述顶板之间设有立壁连接；所述金属导线多重绕匝于所述第二介质板的立壁上；所述集总参数电子元件与所述金属导线连接并装配于所述第二介质板上；令所述无线接收线圈对应所述金属导线地圈设于所述磁共振激元的周侧。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的可实现能量漏斗效应的无线充电系统，其特征在于：所述无线接收装置包括一个或多个所述磁共振激元。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的可实现能量漏斗效应的无线充电系统，其特征在于：所述负载为纯阻性元件或电池。
  8. 根据权利要求1至7中任一权利要求所述的可实现能量漏斗效应的无线充电系统，其特征在于：
    所述无线发射线圈的共振频率偏离所述无线充电系统的工作频率，所述共振频率落在所述工作频率±工作频率*50％的范围之外。
  9. 根据权利要求1至7中任一权利要求所述的可实现能量漏斗效应的无线充电系统，其特征在于：
    所述磁共振激元的共振频率在所述无线充电系统的工作频率附近，所述共振频率落在所述工作频率±工作频率*20％的范围之内。
  10. 一种可实现能量漏斗效应的无线充电方法，其特征在于，所述方法的步骤包括：
    提供如权利要求1至9中任一权利要求所述的可实现能量漏斗效应的无线充电系统，其中，所述无线发射线圈相对于所述无线接收线圈具有较大的平面绕匝面积；
    驱动所述无线发射线圈向所述无线接收线圈发射能量，所述能量在所述无线发射线圈与所述无线接收线圈之间形成漏斗效应；
    所述无线发射线圈、所述无线接收线圈及所述磁共振激元通过磁谐振倏逝场线相互耦合进行无线能量传输，令所述磁共振激元在所述无线充电系统的工作频率处具有最大等效磁导率实部。
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CN103366916A (zh) * 2012-03-31 2013-10-23 深圳光启创新技术有限公司 一种无线能量接收线圈及无线能量传输系统
CN104135088A (zh) * 2014-08-08 2014-11-05 哈尔滨工业大学 应用于无线电能传输的可抑制频率分裂的非相同收发线圈对及其制造方法
CN106936225A (zh) * 2015-12-31 2017-07-07 中惠创智无线供电技术有限公司 一种用于电动汽车无线充电的定位系统及其方法

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