WO2019206951A1 - Procédé et dispositif d'élimination de la poudre d'un espace de montage - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif d'élimination de la poudre d'un espace de montage Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019206951A1
WO2019206951A1 PCT/EP2019/060448 EP2019060448W WO2019206951A1 WO 2019206951 A1 WO2019206951 A1 WO 2019206951A1 EP 2019060448 W EP2019060448 W EP 2019060448W WO 2019206951 A1 WO2019206951 A1 WO 2019206951A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
lances
nozzles
powder
space
installation space
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2019/060448
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Géza KOSCSÁK
Axel Boi
Original Assignee
Chiron-Werke Gmbh & Co. Kg
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Chiron-Werke Gmbh & Co. Kg filed Critical Chiron-Werke Gmbh & Co. Kg
Publication of WO2019206951A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019206951A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/31—Calibration of process steps or apparatus settings, e.g. before or during manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B9/00—Cleaning hollow articles by methods or apparatus specially adapted thereto 
    • B08B9/08—Cleaning containers, e.g. tanks
    • B08B9/093—Cleaning containers, e.g. tanks by the force of jets or sprays
    • B08B9/0936—Cleaning containers, e.g. tanks by the force of jets or sprays using rotating jets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/32—Process control of the atmosphere, e.g. composition or pressure in a building chamber
    • B22F10/322—Process control of the atmosphere, e.g. composition or pressure in a building chamber of the gas flow, e.g. rate or direction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
    • B22F10/68—Cleaning or washing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
    • B22F12/53—Nozzles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B29C64/35—Cleaning
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/70—Recycling
    • B22F10/73—Recycling of powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/38—Housings, e.g. machine housings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
    • B22F2003/247—Removing material: carving, cleaning, grinding, hobbing, honing, lapping, polishing, milling, shaving, skiving, turning the surface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to a method and apparatus for Entpulvern a space of an additive manufacturing machine. Furthermore, the present disclosure relates to a plant for the additive production of workpieces, in particular a powder bed system, which is provided or coupled with such a device for Entpulvernvern.
  • additive manufacturing is commonly referred to as 3D printing.
  • rapid prototyping was used to designate machines of additive manufacturing.
  • Another common name is generative manufacturing.
  • additive manufacturing There are various methods for additive manufacturing are known, which are based on arranging powder in a space layer by layer and partially solidified by introducing energy and / or other components, so that layer by layer, a component is formed. [0003] This regularly results in at least partially solidified workpieces being present on the one hand in a space provided by a building chamber after the completion of the layer buildup, and on the other hand a considerable amount of unconsolidated / loose powder. This excess powder must be at least partially removed so that the workpiece (or a plurality of workpieces) can be removed.
  • defoaming The removal of the powder is also referred to as defoaming or depowdering.
  • defoaming or depowdering There are various approaches to the Entpulvern known. A traditional approach involves manual de-powdering. In other words, excess powder can be sucked out of the mouth and / or detached from the component with a brush.
  • a device for pneumatically assisted removal of powder from a space of a machine for additive manufacturing wherein the device has a unit which is sealingly coupled to the space, the unit at least one Connection for introducing compressed air into the space and a connection for discharging compressed air and powder residues from the space has.
  • the present disclosure has for its object to provide an apparatus and a method for Entpulvern a space of a plant for additive manufacturing, which leads to a reduction in manufacturing times contribute.
  • the decoupling should be automated and carried out with high quality and high removal rate, so that rework can be further reduced.
  • the decoupling should be gentle to the components and energy-efficient.
  • the required amount of fluid and / or the pressure of the fluid for the removal of powder should be reduced.
  • the Entpulvern should be such that the excess powder is fully recyclable as possible.
  • the dust exposure should be effectively reduced, such as by an even greater amount of excess powder is automated and can be discharged without manual intervention.
  • a plant for additive manufacturing is to be specified, which is provided with a device for Entpulvern.
  • lances which are each provided with at least one nozzle, wherein the lances are arranged at least in an operating position in the installation space adjacent to at least one additively manufactured component
  • a handling unit for moving the at least two lances relative to the installation space
  • a delivery unit for providing a pressurized gaseous fluid
  • control unit which is coupled to the at least two lances, the handling unit and the supply unit for their control, so that using the at least two lances in the space a directed gas flow for powder removal can be generated in order to remove the gas flow through the outlet .
  • a defined directed gas flow is generated in order to remove the excess powder in an ordered manner.
  • the directed gas flow preferably takes place along a defined flow path. It is essential that the at least two lances are connected with their nozzles fluidically "in series". In other words, given the direction of the directed flow, one lance is offset in the flow direction to the other lance. In this way, a total of a directed flow can be generated, which does not set arbitrarily.
  • the flow direction may be, for example, a circumferential direction.
  • the generation of the directed gas flow may comprise a defined relative movement between the lances or their nozzles and the installation space or the powder bed.
  • the relative movement is a vertical relative movement.
  • the vertical relative movement may comprise a vertical movement of the lances and / or a vertical movement of the powder bed, in particular a building platform, which carries the powder bed.
  • the lances can be introduced "from above” in the space. In this way, a tracking movement can be generated when layer by layer, the excess powder is removed.
  • the lances are each provided with at least one nozzle or nozzle arrangement.
  • the nozzle is a gaseous fluid outlet nozzle. This can be on the one hand compressed air. However, it is also conceivable to use an inert gas or a corresponding mixture.
  • the space is defined by a chamber.
  • the installation space results in the chamber, whereby a regular delineation is made by a moveable construction platform.
  • a regular delineation is made by a moveable construction platform.
  • several components / workpieces can be arranged. This is done regularly to increase the application rate and productivity.
  • the Chamber can have a rectangular or round cross-section in the travel direction of the platform.
  • the handling unit is designed, for example, to move the lances in such a way that the height of the nozzles and / or optionally also the orientation of the nozzles can be changed.
  • the device can be designed as part of a plant for additive manufacturing, in particular a powder bed plant. It is also conceivable to carry out the device separately from such a machine.
  • the chamber defining the installation space can be removed from the production plant and inserted into the apparatus for the removal of powder.
  • the outlet is precisely one outlet for discharging the fluid flow carrying parts of the loose powder.
  • the outlet is provided, for example, on an upper side of the installation space or the chamber defining the installation space.
  • the outlet is designed funnel-shaped and with its open area facing the installation space.
  • the outlet is provided centrally in a cover which closes the installation space during the descaling. In this way, the formation of the desired flow shape, preferably a circular flow, spiral flow or cyclone flow, promoted.
  • the generation of the directed gas flow may further comprise a coordinated movement of the lances, this also being defined relative movements between the lances or their nozzles and / or defined proper movements (rotational movement or pivoting movements) of the lances or their nozzles may include.
  • the device has at least three lances, which are placed or placed in a circular space in the space to at least one additively manufactured component.
  • three lances can each be arranged at an angular distance of 120 ° along an imaginary circular path / circumferential path.
  • four lances can each be arranged at an angular distance of 90 ° along an imaginary circular path / circumferential path. In this way, by combining the respective individual flows, a defined directed total flow can result.
  • the nozzles of the lances are aligned in a circumferential direction in the same direction to generate the directed gas flow.
  • the nozzles face in a clockwise (clockwise) or counterclockwise (counterclockwise) direction, whereby tolerances for the "viewing direction" can of course be provided.
  • the tangential orientation in this embodiment relates to the viewing direction.
  • Directional equals in this embodiment that all nozzles are aligned clockwise or counterclockwise.
  • the alignment may be a basic alignment or coarse alignment, which deviates from the operation during operation, for example by pivoting / oscillating the lances with the nozzles.
  • control unit is adapted to arrange the lances such that in a chamber which defines the space, a circular flow, cyclone flow or circumferential flow results around the at least one component.
  • the lances are arranged with their nozzles "in series" to produce a flow with a circular flow path, which is fed directly or indirectly to the outlet.
  • the lances and the outlet are arranged such that results in a cyclonic flow. Accordingly, the flow is spiral, starting from an initial diameter, the radius of the flow path gradually becomes smaller, the flow path increases and approaches the outlet.
  • the nozzles are configured to eject the pressurized fluid in a directional manner.
  • a fanned-out fluid jet results.
  • a focused fluid jet results.
  • design the nozzles such that a fluid jet with "compressed" cross-section (oval cross-section or slot-like cross section) results.
  • a respective major axis of the nozzles has less than 30 ° deviation from the horizontal. Overall, therefore, the flow is initially oriented substantially horizontally.
  • the flow resulting at the outlet of the nozzle preferably has a defined opening cone.
  • a small opening cone can contribute to the generation of a defined directed flow. It is understood that the nozzles may also be slightly inclined, so that an overall upward cyclone flow results, in particular if the outlet is arranged on an upper side in the region of a cover.
  • the nozzles have a plurality of outlet openings, for example in the form of finger-shaped branches.
  • a nozzle has a plurality of individual nozzles or nozzle fingers.
  • a lance has a plurality of spatially-spaced or differently oriented nozzles. This may comprise a plurality of nozzles, which are arranged one above the other in series, ie vertically spaced from each other. It is also conceivable to provide a plurality of nozzles, which are distributed circumferentially and each project radially from the lance.
  • the lances are vertically movable.
  • the lances are pivotable about their longitudinal axis.
  • this can include a positioning movement with regard to the angular orientation.
  • this may include an oscillating pivoting motion in order to increase the removal rate.
  • the movement (pivoting movement) of the individual lances can be synchronized.
  • the nozzles can be tilted. Similar to the oscillations about the longitudinal axis of the lance, the nozzles can oscillate about an axis oriented transverse to the longitudinal axis of the lance. Also in this way the removal rate can be increased. The lances can sweep a larger area to release excess powder from the component.
  • the lances are oriented vertically.
  • two or more lances are provided, which are arranged parallel to one another.
  • the lances protrude from above into the installation space.
  • the peripheral walls of the chamber, which defines the installation space need not be provided with openings or other openings for the lances.
  • a cover for the installation space is further provided, wherein the at least two lances are guided through the cover.
  • the handling unit at least parts of which are also arranged on the cover.
  • the cover may be about a lid or a similar component.
  • the cover may carry one or more drives for moving the lances and / or the nozzles.
  • the outlet is also arranged in the cover.
  • a circular flow or circular flow can result, which is directed spirally upwards in the direction of the outlet, similar to a cyclone.
  • the outlet is coupled, for example, with a suction device, which can also contribute to the flow guidance and to discharge the loose powder.
  • control unit is designed to move the lances defined relative to a arranged in the powder bed component.
  • this comprises a tracking movement, in which the lances with their nozzles follow a level of the powder bed vertically, for example at a defined distance.
  • this can be achieved by actively moving the lances vertically.
  • this can be effected by a vertical process of the platform.
  • the control device is designed to drive the at least two lances in a coordinated manner.
  • This comprises at least coordinated vertical movements or pivoting movements.
  • This may include, for example, a slightly oscillating beam guidance.
  • This may, for example, relate to a vertical position of the nozzle.
  • this may also relate to a pivoting of the nozzle about a horizontally oriented axis.
  • this may also relate to a swiveling of the nozzle about a vertically oriented axis.
  • Such a coupled movement can further increase the removal rate.
  • control device is designed to move the at least two lances in opposite directions (that is, in opposite directions).
  • This can include on the one hand a vertical movement and on the other hand, a rotary movement / pivoting movement.
  • the movement between the extreme values can follow a harmonic function.
  • control device is designed to permit a first relative movement between the lances (i.
  • the superimposed movement may, on the one hand, comprise a vertical oscillation. Alternatively or additionally, the superimposed movement may also comprise an oscillation about a vertical axis. Alternatively or additionally, the superimposed movement may also include an oscillation of a nozzle about a horizontal axis.
  • the device further comprises a suction device, which is provided or coupled to the outlet.
  • the suction device is designed to generate a negative pressure at the outlet.
  • the plant concerning the object of the invention is achieved by a plant for the additive production of workpieces, which is adapted to selectively solidify a powder in a powder bed of a chamber defining a space, and in layers, and with a device is provided for Entpulvern the space according to at least one of the aspects described herein.
  • the device for Entpulvern may also be designed separately from the manufacturing plant.
  • the building chamber which defines the installation space, preferably including the platform, which forms a floor of the installation space, can be removed from the production facility and fed to the device for removing powder.
  • the production plant can be used for a new production run during the deflaking process. Accordingly, it is advantageous if the building chamber is replaceable.
  • the device for removing powder can be connected to a device for recovering the powder in order to utilize the dissolved, unfixed powder for a further production process.
  • the object of the invention is achieved by methods for decoupling a construction space of an installation for additive production, with the following steps:
  • the discharge of the gas flow takes place by suction through an outlet, preferably via a single outlet.
  • the lances can be supplied to the installation space from above.
  • FIG. 1 shows a simplified schematic representation of an installation for additive production
  • FIG. 2 shows a simplified schematic representation of an apparatus for the removal of powder from a construction space
  • FIG. 3 is a simplified schematic representation of an embodiment of a
  • FIG. 4 shows a further illustration of the device according to FIG. 3 in a second state
  • FIG. 5 shows a simplified schematic illustration of a further embodiment of a device for the removal of powder, in a first state
  • FIG. 6 shows a further illustration of the device according to FIG. 5 in a second state
  • FIG. 7 shows a simplified schematic plan view of a construction space with an additively manufactured component for illustrating an arrangement for the removal of powder
  • FIG. 8 shows a further simplified schematic plan view of a construction space with an additively manufactured component for illustrating an arrangement for desulphurisation, for illustrating pivoting movements of the nozzles;
  • FIG. 9 is a sequence of simplified schematic illustrations of a nozzle-equipped lance for illustrating a periodic vertical movement
  • Nozzle provide lance for illustrating a pivotal movement of the nozzle
  • FIG. 11 shows a simplified schematic side view of a lance nozzle provided with a fan-shaped nozzle
  • FIG. 12 shows a simplified schematic plan view of the arrangement according to FIG. 11 in a first state of the nozzle
  • FIG. 13 shows a simplified schematic plan view of the arrangement according to FIG. 11 in a second state of the nozzle
  • FIG. 14 shows a simplified schematic plan view of the arrangement according to FIG. 11 in a third state of the nozzle
  • FIG. 15 shows another simplified schematic plan view of a nozzle arrangement for a lance, wherein the nozzle arrangement has two counter-oriented nozzles;
  • 16 shows a schematic block diagram for illustrating an embodiment of a method for decoupling a construction space of an installation for additive production.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates, with reference to a simplified schematic representation, an additive manufacturing plant, generally designated 10, which uses a powder bed.
  • the plant 10 is exemplified as a so-called binder jetting plant or SLM plant (selective laser melting) designed.
  • SLM plant selective laser melting
  • a colloquial term for such methods is 3D printing. Accordingly, the system 10 may be referred to simply as a 3D printer.
  • 3D printing generally refers to generative manufacturing processes in which workpieces are built up in layers.
  • a powder layer is applied on a height-adjustable platform in a building chamber or in a space layer by layer and partially solidified, such as using a so-called binder.
  • a kind of printhead is used, which is regularly moved in two dimensions and over which the binder is applied.
  • the binder is required to selectively bind the powder.
  • the layered structure and application of the binder is repeated layer by layer until the workpiece is completely finished.
  • the workpiece is then still surrounded by loose powder.
  • the powder residues are removed or the component is removed from the powder bed.
  • Excess powder may be reused, for example, after processing (such as sifting) in a recovery plant.
  • a similar process principle is based on the so-called selective laser melting (SLM).
  • SLM selective laser melting
  • no binder is used there, instead energy is introduced into the powder via a laser beam in order to melt it locally and thus to connect it to the environment.
  • aspects and embodiments of the present disclosure can be used within the framework of binder jetting, in the context of SLM, but also in the context of further additive / generative production processes, which are based on the processing of a powder in the powder bed.
  • the system 10 shown in Fig. 1 comprises a housing 12 which houses components of the system 10. Only schematically, a control device 14 is indicated in Fig. 1. Via a control panel or control panel 16, a user can operate and control the system 10. It is also conceivable to control the system 10 via a computer coupled to the control device 14 or even via a mobile device.
  • a storage chamber 22 and a construction chamber 24 are arranged by way of example.
  • the storage chamber 22 and the construction chamber 24 have, for example - in plan view - a rectangular cross-section. In principle, a round or another polygonal cross-section is conceivable.
  • a supply amount of a powder 28 is used, which is used in the additive manufacturing.
  • the powder 28 is transferred between the storage chamber 22 and the building chamber 24.
  • a so-called application roller 32 is arranged at a surface 30 of the powder 28.
  • the application roller 32 is movable in a horizontal direction between the storage chamber 22 and the construction chamber 24, compare the arrow 34.
  • In the storage chamber 22 is further arranged via a drive 40 movable platform 38 is arranged, compare the arrow 42 to illustrate the direction of movement. By moving the platform 38, the level of the surface 30 of the powder 28 can be maintained.
  • the application roller 32 provides a layer structure on a surface 46 of a construction space 44 in the construction chamber 24.
  • layer by layer loose powder is deposited in the construction chamber 24.
  • the assembly chamber 24 is further assigned an application head 48, which is movable parallel to the surface 46 in one or two spatial directions, compare the arrows labeled 50.
  • a binder can be applied to locally solidify or glue the powder.
  • For the binder stocking 52 is provided.
  • a workpiece or component 56 is formed layer by layer in the construction chamber 24.
  • the component 56 is produced in a powder bed 58 in the installation space 44.
  • the construction space 44 can have a round or angular cross-section (in plan view).
  • a platform 60 which can be moved vertically via a lifting drive 62, is also arranged in the building chamber 24, compare the arrow 64, which illustrates a direction of movement.
  • the system 10 is operated such that the platform 60 is lowered a little way down with each new layer structure.
  • the platform 38 is always raised a piece up when a layer has been removed and transferred from the storage chamber 22 into the building chamber 24.
  • the workpiece 56 After completion in the building chamber 24, the workpiece 56 is surrounded by loose excess powder. It goes without saying that further manufacturing steps can follow the shaping production in the construction chamber 24 in order to ensure the desired properties and / or the desired strength level of the component 56.
  • a device for de-powdering designated 100
  • the Entpulvern can also be referred to as depowdering.
  • the device 100 may be formed as part of a manufacturing facility 10, see FIG. 1 for this purpose. However, it is also conceivable to carry out the device 100 separately from the installation 10.
  • the apparatus 100 is adapted to receive the build chamber 24 with the powder bed 58, wherein the powder bed 58, the component 56 (or a plurality of components) and excess powder is disposed.
  • the device 100 has a plurality of lances 102, 104. For example, two, three or four lances 102, 104 are provided. Depending on the size of the Building chamber 24 is also the use of a larger number of lances 102, 104 conceivable.
  • the lances 102, 104 each carry at least one nozzle 1 12, 1 14.
  • the lances 102, 104 and the nozzles 112, 114 serve for the application of a pressurized fluid, for example compressed air or an inert gas.
  • the lances 102, 104 project through a cover 122, which closes the construction chamber 24 in a sealed manner, compare, for example, a hinge denoted by 124 and a peripheral seal 126.
  • the cover 122 can also be referred to as a cover.
  • the lances 102, 104 are received on the cover 122.
  • a supply unit 130 is provided.
  • the delivery unit 130 comprises a pump or a pressure generator 132.
  • the delivery unit 130 is coupled via a fluid line 134 to the lances 102, 104 and thus to the nozzles 112, 114 in order to lower them via the nozzles 12, 14 Apply pressurized gaseous fluid to dislodge the excess powder from the component 56 and carry it away.
  • the provision unit 130 may form part of the device 100, but is also conceivable separately from the device 100. At a minimum, the device 100 is configured to be coupled to such a pressurized fluid supply unit 130.
  • a handling unit 140 For handling the lances 102, 104, a handling unit 140 is provided.
  • the handling unit 140 comprises a drive 142 for the lance 102 and a drive 144 for the lance 104. It is conceivable to use a corresponding drive for each lance 102, 104 used.
  • the actuators 142, 144 may provide at least one degree of freedom of movement for the lances 102, 104 and / or their nozzles 12, 14. These may be linear movements as well as rotational movements or pivoting movements.
  • the lances 102, 104 are configured such that a directional flow of fluid 150 results when the pressurized fluid from the nozzles 112, 14 of FIG Lances 102, 104 exits and dissolves the powder from the component 56.
  • the directed fluid flow 150 is designed in particular as a circulating flow, circular flow and / or circular flow. Furthermore, a cyclone flow is conceivable.
  • the directional fluid flow adjusts in a peripheral area around the component or components 56.
  • the fluid flow 150 spirals spirally in the direction of the cover 122.
  • a cover opening or an outlet 162 is arranged in the cover 122.
  • the outlet 162 is associated with a suction device 160.
  • the suction device 160 has a suction unit, which provides a negative pressure at the outlet 162. Via a line 164, the outlet 162 is connected to the suction device 160 or to its suction unit.
  • control unit 170 is indicated schematically.
  • the control unit 170 is connected via control lines 172 to the drives 142, 144, the supply unit 130 and possibly also to the suction device 160 (in FIG. 2 no corresponding line is shown). In this way, the control unit 170 may control the device 100 to provide a desired regime or process for the powder removal.
  • the desired directed fluid flow which is designed in particular as a circular flow, results from a suitable arrangement and alignment of the lances 102, 104 as well as their nozzles 112, 114.
  • the illustrated orientation of the lances 102, 104 For reasons of illustration, nozzles 112, 114 in FIG. 2 do not necessarily correspond to a streamlined orientation.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate two states during a first exemplary procedure for dissolving and removing excess powder from the powder bed 58.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate two states during a second exemplary procedure for dissolving and removing excess powder the powder bed 58.
  • the outlet for discharging the fluid flow 150 is disposed in a side wall of the building chamber 24, see reference numeral 166.
  • the alternative arrangement of the outlet 162 at the top in the region of the cover 122 is shown in Figs Fig. 4 only indicated by dashed lines. It is understood that the flow guidance takes place in such a way that the fluid flow containing the dissolved powder can be conducted as favorably as possible in the direction of the outlet 166.
  • Figures 3 and 4 illustrate an approach in which the platform 60 is not or not substantially vertically moved during deflaking. Instead, the lances 102, 104 are moved vertically via the drives 142, 144 in order to be able to follow the decreasing amount of powder in the powder bed 58.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 illustrate an alternative approach in which the platform 60 on which the component 56 has been formed is moved via a lifting drive 62 in order to determine the relative movement between the lances 102, 104 and the (FIG. due to the erosion of decreasing) powder bed 58 bring about.
  • the outlet 162 is again arranged in the cover 122. It is understood that a combination of the approaches pursued in FIGS. 3 and 4 as well as FIGS. 5 and 6 is also conceivable. However, it is advantageous if the vertically oriented lances 102, 104 can follow the removal of the powder bed 58.
  • the outlet 162 is funnel-shaped in this exemplary embodiment.
  • the outlet 162 is arranged in a center of the cover 122 and, with its conically open side, faces the installation space 44. In this way, the formation of the directed flow 150 is further supported. Preferably, a cyclonic flow results.
  • the decoupling may be directed to removing as much as possible of the excess powder from the installation space 44.
  • a goal of the Entpulverns initially be to expose the component 56 so far that it can be removed manually or by machine.
  • the lances 102, 104 can also be arranged between individual components 56 in order to Spaces to be powdered.
  • the nozzles 112, 114 can also demultipulate edges and / or corners of the tree space 44. In other words, the device 100 also allows cleaning of the installation space 44 if no component 56 is arranged therein.
  • FIG. 7 a conceivable arrangement of a plurality of lances 102, 104, 106, 108 with nozzles 1 12, 1 14, 16, 118 is illustrated by means of a schematically greatly simplified plan view of a construction chamber 24.
  • the lances 102, 104, 106, 108 are arranged in a circle around a center of the building chamber 24, in which one or more manufactured components 56 are arranged.
  • the lances 102, 104, 106, 108 thus have an angular offset of about 90 ° to each other.
  • the nozzles 1 12, 1 14, 1 16, 1 18 are aligned approximately tangentially to the (imaginary) circle.
  • the orientation of the nozzles 1 12, 1 14, 1 16, 1 18 also includes a same direction orientation of the respective outlet, for example in the counterclockwise direction. However, this is only to be understood as an exemplary embodiment.
  • the arrangement of the lances 102, 104, 106, 108 and the nozzles 1 12, 1 14, 1 16, 1 18 in Fig. 7 allows an approximate circular flow 150, which is led to the outlet 166, to which optionally oppressive. It is understood that such a suction opening or such an outlet can also be arranged elsewhere, in particular in an upper region of the building chamber 24 in a cover.
  • a lateral outlet 166 has been shown primarily for purposes of illustration. This is not meant to be limiting.
  • the arrangement and orientation of the nozzles 112, 114, 116, 118 in Fig. 7 causes a directed flow in which the nozzles 1 12, 1 14, 1 16, 1 18 "in series" are arranged.
  • the desired fluid flow 150 may be maintained about the entire circumference or nearly the entire circumference around the component 56.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates a conceivable variation in which the nozzles 1 12, 1 14, 16, 18 are arranged about the longitudinal axis of the lances 102, 104, 106, 108 (in Fig. 8 perpendicular to the plane of view) oscillate, compare the designated 176 curved double arrows.
  • the conceivable manipulations may include a vertical movement of the lances 102, 104, 106, 108.
  • pivoting of the nozzles 112, 114, 116, 118 about an axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the lances 102, 104, 106, 108 is conceivable.
  • a pivoting of the nozzles 1 12, 1 14, 1 16, 1 18 about the longitudinal axis of the lances 102, 104, 106, 108 is conceivable.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a periodically vertical movement of a lance 102 on which a nozzle 12 is arranged on the basis of a schematically greatly simplified embodiment.
  • An arrow labeled 178 illustrates the timing.
  • a double arrow labeled 180 illustrates the oscillating vertical motion.
  • FIG. 9 accordingly shows extreme positions (up / down) of the lance 102.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates a periodically pivoting movement of a nozzle 112, which is accommodated on a lance 102, on the basis of a schematically strongly agreed embodiment.
  • An arrow labeled 178 illustrates the timing.
  • An arrow designated 182 indicates the oscillatory pivoting movement.
  • FIG. 11 illustrates a side view of a lance 202, which carries a nozzle 212, in a schematically very simple form.
  • FIGS. 12, 13 and 14 show various conceivable configurations of the nozzle 212 in plan view.
  • the nozzle 212 has a plurality of outlet openings in the form of nozzle fingers 214, 216, 218.
  • the nozzle fingers 214, 216, 218 are spread or fanned out, resulting in a combined opening cone with a considerable opening angle. In this way, a large area can be illuminated.
  • the nozzle fingers 214, 216, 218 have a nearly parallel orientation.
  • the nozzle fingers 214, 216, 218 are inclined towards each other, so that a strong focus of the combined fluid flow is given.
  • the nozzle fingers 214, 216, 218 are manipulatable so that transformation between the states shown in FIGS. 12, 13, and 14 is conceivable. Again, periodic transformations are conceivable. However, it is also conceivable to maintain one and the same setting of the nozzle fingers 214, 216, 218 during the procedure of the Abtpulverns. Furthermore, it is conceivable that the nozzle fingers 214, 216, 218 are adjustable (fixed in position).
  • Fig. 15 shows in a plan view another alternative embodiment of a nozzle 222, which is arranged for example at a lower end of a lance.
  • the nozzle 222 has two oppositely oriented nozzle fingers 224, 226.
  • nozzle 222 shown in Fig. 15 also manipulations in the form of pivotal movements and possibly even a unidirectional rotational movement about a longitudinal axis of the lance (perpendicular to the plane view) are conceivable.
  • step S10 comprises the provision of at least two lances, which are movable relative to a powder bed and each provided with at least one nozzle.
  • step S10 further comprises the provision of a cover for a building chamber enclosing the installation space, wherein the at least two lances are received in the cover and insertable into the building chamber.
  • step S12 which includes feeding the nozzles into the installation space in the direction of a powder bed, in which at least one additive-manufactured component and a loose powder quantity are arranged.
  • the lances are arranged with the nozzles in an edge region of the installation space, wherein the component or the plurality of components is arranged therebetween.
  • the method further comprises a step S14 involving providing a pressurized gaseous fluid.
  • the fluid may be compressed air. However, it may also be a pressurized inert gas.
  • Step S14 may include coupling respective ports or providing corresponding pressure generating units.
  • the method further comprises a step S16, which includes the generation of a directed gas flow for powder removal in the construction space.
  • Directed gas flow can be achieved by appropriate alignment and orientation of the lances and from their nozzles cause.
  • a circular flow or a circulating flow preferably results.
  • the method may further include an optional step S18 involving manipulations / variations of the flow guide.
  • This may include, for example, a generation of a combined movement of the lances by combining a relative movement between the lances and a relative movement between the lances and the installation space. These may be vertical movements, pivoting movements, rotational movements and the like.
  • the movement manipulation / variation takes place periodically, with or without phase offset between the different lances or nozzles. Such coordinated oscillatory movements can increase the removal rate.
  • the method further comprises a step S20, which includes a discharge of the gas flow via an outlet from the installation space.
  • the gas flow or fluid flow removes removed powder from the installation space.
  • the fluid flow is preferably led out of the installation space via only a single outlet opening.
  • the outlet opening is arranged, for example, in the cover of the installation space. In this way, the flow guidance can be such that a spiral (cyclonic) flow results in the installation space.
  • the method may include tracking the lances to follow the decreasing powder bed.
  • the NachInstitutbewe- can be effected by actively moving the lances and / or by actively moving a platform in the space that carries the powder bed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un dispositif pour éliminer la poudre d'un espace de montage (44) d'une installation (10) pour la fabrication additive, comprenant au moins deux lances (102, 104, 106, 108; 202), qui sont pourvues chacune d'au moins une buse (112, 114, 116, 118; 212; 222), les lances (102, 104, 106, 108; 202) étant agencées au moins dans une position de fonctionnement dans l'espace de montage (44) de façon adjacente à au moins une pièce fabriquée de manière additive (56), une unité de manipulation (140) pour déplacer lesdites lances (102, 104, 106, 108; 202) par rapport à l'espace de montage (44), une unité d'alimentation (130) pour l'alimentation d'un fluide gazeux sous pression, une sortie (162; 166) et une unité de commande (170) qui est accouplée auxdites lances (102, 104, 106, 108; 202), à l'unité de manipulation (140) et à l'unité d'alimentation (130) pour commander ces dernières, de sorte que, à l'aide desdites lances (102, 104, 106, 108; 202) dans l'espace de montage (44), un flux de gaz orienté pour l'enlèvement de la poudre puisse être produit afin d'évacuer le flux de gaz par l'intermédiaire de la sortie (162; 166). L'invention concerne en outre une installation pour la fabrication additive ainsi qu'une utilisation d'un dispositif pour éliminer la poudre.
PCT/EP2019/060448 2018-04-24 2019-04-24 Procédé et dispositif d'élimination de la poudre d'un espace de montage WO2019206951A1 (fr)

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DE102018109830.8A DE102018109830A1 (de) 2018-04-24 2018-04-24 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Entpulvern eines Bauraums
DE102018109830.8 2018-04-24

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US20220134666A1 (en) * 2020-11-05 2022-05-05 Arcam Ab Blast nozzles for additive manufacturing and methods for using the same

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GB202011513D0 (en) * 2020-07-24 2020-09-09 Additive Manufacturing Tech Ltd Additive manufacturing
DE102021200381A1 (de) 2021-01-18 2022-07-21 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Einrichtung und Verfahren zur generativen Herstellung eines Bauteils aus einem formlosen Material
DE202021001343U1 (de) 2021-04-13 2022-07-14 Volkmann Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Werkstück-Reinigungsvorrichtung
DE102022212539A1 (de) 2022-11-24 2024-05-29 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Vorrichtung zur Entnahme von Bauteilen aus einem Pulverbett

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US20220134666A1 (en) * 2020-11-05 2022-05-05 Arcam Ab Blast nozzles for additive manufacturing and methods for using the same

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