WO2019205517A1 - 一种煤层气水平井塌孔造洞穴卸压开发系统及方法 - Google Patents

一种煤层气水平井塌孔造洞穴卸压开发系统及方法 Download PDF

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WO2019205517A1
WO2019205517A1 PCT/CN2018/110876 CN2018110876W WO2019205517A1 WO 2019205517 A1 WO2019205517 A1 WO 2019205517A1 CN 2018110876 W CN2018110876 W CN 2018110876W WO 2019205517 A1 WO2019205517 A1 WO 2019205517A1
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horizontal well
well
horizontal
pressure relief
coal
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PCT/CN2018/110876
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English (en)
French (fr)
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刘世奇
桑树勋
王冉
曹丽文
周效志
黄华州
方辉煌
王鹤
高德燚
王海文
刘会虎
李自成
刘长江
徐宏杰
贾金龙
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中国矿业大学
奥理文地质科技（徐州）有限公司
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Publication of WO2019205517A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019205517A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/006—Production of coal-bed methane
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
    • E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/30—Specific pattern of wells, e.g. optimizing the spacing of wells

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  • the invention relates to a coal bed gas horizontal well pressure relief development system and method, in particular to a coal bed gas horizontal well collapse hole cave pressure relief development system and method, belonging to the field of coalbed methane exploitation.
  • Tectonic coal refers to coal whose coal seam is subjected to tectonic stress, and its original structure and structure are subjected to strong cracking and fractures, wrinkles, and polished surfaces.
  • the extensive development of tectonic coal and the richness of tectonic coal and coalbed methane resources are the prominent features of China's coal and coalbed methane resources.
  • the proportion of tectonic coal resources in China has been high.
  • the amount of tectonic coal and coalbed methane resources accounts for the total amount of coalbed methane resources in China. The proportion is even larger.
  • the tectonic coal has prominent features such as rich gas, low permeability and softness, mostly coal and gas outburst coal seams. Due to the hazard and difficulty in pumping and utilization, the coal is mostly discharged into the atmosphere, and the coal-bed methane is efficiently developed. It has a very prominent significance for energy, safety and ecology.
  • the method based on the hydrophobic depressurization and gas recovery theory is the main method for the development of in-situ coalbed methane surface wells.
  • the effect of the reformation method of the structural coal reservoir is extremely low and the hydraulic fracturing is poor.
  • the results of exploration and development practices also indicate that CBM exploration and development technologies based on the theory of hydrophobic depressurization and depletion gas, including SVR technology series (straight well fracturing, U-shaped wells, multi-branched horizontal wells, Horizontal well fracturing, etc., ECBM technology series (CO 2 -ECBM, N 2 -ECBM, etc.) and their composite technologies are unable to achieve efficient development of coal-bed methane. Therefore, the construction of high-efficiency exploration and development technology and equipment for coal-bed methane has become one of the important technical bottlenecks restricting the rapid and large-scale development of China's coalbed methane industry.
  • coal seam coalbed methane mining pressure relief and permeability development provides a new idea for the mining of coal in situ coalbed methane. Therefore, it is suitable for research and development.
  • the pressure relief development system and method for constructing coal in-situ coalbed methane horizontal wells have important theoretical and practical production guiding significance for breaking the bottleneck of efficient development of structural coalbed methane surface wells in China.
  • the present invention provides a system and a method for unloading pressure of a cavern hole in a horizontal well of a coalbed methane, which can realize the pressure relief and stress release of a cavern in a horizontal well of a coal seam in-situ coal seam gas, in order to realize the construction of coal
  • the basis for efficient and continuous mining of coalbed methane The invention has simple operation and good pressure relief effect.
  • a coal seam gas horizontal well collapse hole cavities pressure relief mining system including a liquid storage tank, an abrasive tank, an abrasive mixing device, a ground power device and a downhole injection device, and an abrasive mixing device
  • the inlet is respectively connected with the liquid storage tank and the abrasive tank, and the outlet is connected with the ground power device inlet.
  • the outlet of the ground power device is connected with the underground injection device.
  • the underground injection device is located at the horizontal section of the horizontal well near the wellhead, and the injection port faces the vertical well; the vertical well and The horizontal well penetrates to form a U-shaped well, and the horizontal section of the horizontal well is located in the coal seam.
  • a method for developing pressure relief of a collapsed hole in a horizontal well of a coalbed methane comprises the following steps:
  • the lifting mixture is used to lift the mixture to the ground for further separation to obtain coalbed methane.
  • step 1) the diameter increase of the horizontal well after reaming is 200%-300%.
  • step 4 the horizontal well pressure pulsation excitation and the stress relief after the stress release range are 15 times or more coal thickness.
  • the mixed fluid of the excitation liquid and the abrasive is transported to the well at a certain frequency and sprayed through the downhole spraying device by the ground power device, and the water is cut by the mixed fluid.
  • the coal seam collapse in the horizontal well section of the horizontal well forms a pressure relief cave, which realizes the pressure pulsation excitation and stress release of the horizontal coal well of the structural coal seam gas.
  • the expansion of the stress release zone can achieve a lateral stress release range of more than 15 times the coal thickness; the coal seam stress release is completed.
  • the ground surface power device continues to deliver high-pressure high-speed fluid to the well, realizing the displacement of the coal-liquid-gas mixture along the pressure relief space to the vertical well section, which provides a guarantee for subsequent lifting.
  • the invention realizes that the coal-bed methane recovery rate of the constructed coal is more than 80%, and has outstanding energy, safety and ecological significance.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic illustration of the system of the present invention.
  • liquid storage tank 1, vertical well, 3, pressure relief cave, 4, horizontal well, 5, abrasive tank, 6, abrasive mixing device, 7, ground power plant, 8, downhole injection device, 10, coal seam .
  • a coalbed methane horizontal well collapse hole cavity pressure relief development system including a liquid storage tank 1, an abrasive tank 5, an abrasive mixing device 6, a ground power device 7 and a downhole injection device 8, an abrasive mixing device 6
  • the inlets are respectively connected to the reservoir 1 and the abrasive tank 5, and the outlet is connected to the inlet of the ground power unit 7 (high pressure pulsation pump).
  • the outlet of the ground power unit 7 is connected to the downhole injection unit 8, and the downhole injection unit 8 is at the level of the horizontal well 4.
  • the section is near the wellhead, the injection port is directed to the vertical well 2; the vertical well 2 and the horizontal well 4 are connected to form a U-shaped well, and the horizontal section of the horizontal well 4 is located in the coal seam 10.
  • a method for developing pressure relief of a collapsed hole in a horizontal well of a coalbed methane comprises the following steps:
  • the abrasive mixing device 6 mixes the excitation liquid and the abrasive entering it into the ground power device 7;
  • the lifting mixture is used to lift the mixture to the ground for further separation to obtain coalbed methane.
  • step 1) the diameter increase of the horizontal well 4 after reaming is 200%-300%; the larger the diameter increase, the more the overburden deformation caused by the softness of the structural coal can be avoided, causing the wellbore to collapse and the closed hole is blocked.
  • the problem is to guarantee the continuous mining of coal seam gas in situ.
  • step 4 the pressure relief excitation of the horizontal well pressure excitation and stress release is ⁇ 15 times coal thickness; the range of mining range is ensured, thereby ensuring continuous and efficient mining of coalbed methane.

Abstract

公开了一种煤层气水平井塌孔造洞穴卸压开采系统及方法。该系统中的磨料混合装置（6）的入口分别与储液池（1）和磨料罐（5）连通、出口与地面动力装置（7）入口连通，地面动力装置（7）的出口与井下喷射装置（8）连通，井下喷射装置（8）位于水平井（4）水平段靠近井口处；在水平井扩孔造洞穴裸眼完井后，通过地面动力装置（7）将混合流体以一定的频率向井下输送并经由井下喷射装置（8）喷出，实现了构造煤煤层气水平井压力脉动激励和应力释放，并实现了水力驱替煤-液-气混合物沿卸压空间向直井段运移。该系统及方法能够实现构造煤原位煤层气水平井塌孔造洞穴卸压及应力释放，为实现构造煤原位煤层气的高效连续开采提供基础。

Description

一种煤层气水平井塌孔造洞穴卸压开发系统及方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种煤层气水平井卸压开发系统及方法，特别是涉及一种煤层气水平井塌孔造洞穴卸压开发系统及方法，属于煤层气开采领域。
背景技术
构造煤是指煤层受构造应力作用，原生结构、构造受到强裂破坏而产生碎裂、揉皱、擦光面等构造变动特征的煤。构造煤广泛发育和构造煤煤层气资源丰富是中国煤与煤层气资源的显著特征，构造煤资源量占我国已发现煤炭资源的比例很高，构造煤煤层气资源量占我国煤层气资源总量的比例更大。构造煤具有富气、低渗、松软等突出特征，多为煤与瓦斯突出煤层，因危害大且抽采利用困难，煤矿生产中多将其风排到大气中，构造煤煤层气的高效开发对能源、安全、生态具有十分突出的意义。
基于疏水降压解吸采气理论的方法是当前原位煤层气地面井开发的主要方法，由于构造煤储层渗透率极低且水力压裂等改造方式效果很差，疏水降压解吸采气理论不适合应用于构造煤储层，勘探开发实践结果也表明，基于疏水降压解吸采气理论基础的煤层气勘探开发技术，包括SVR技术系列(直井压裂、U形井、多分枝水平井、水平井压裂等)、ECBM技术系列(CO 2-ECBM、N 2-ECBM等)及其复合技术，均无法实现构造煤煤层气的高效开发。因而，构造煤煤层气高效勘探开发技术与装备成为制约中国煤层气产业快速规模化发展的重要技术瓶颈之一。
随着对煤层气开采技术的深入研究，煤矿区被保护层构造煤煤层气采动卸压增透开发理论为构造煤原位煤层气的开采提供了新的思路，因此，研创一种适用于构造煤原位煤层气水平井的卸压开发系统及方法，对于对于打破我国构造煤煤层气地面井高效开发技术瓶颈，具有重要的理论和实际生产指导意义。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题，本发明提供一种煤层气水平井塌孔造洞穴卸压开发系统及方法，能够实现构造煤原位煤层气水平井塌孔造洞穴卸压及应力释放，为实现构造煤原位煤层气 的高效连续开采提供基础。本发明操作简单、卸压效果好。
为了达到上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：一种煤层气水平井塌孔造洞穴卸压开采系统，包括储液池、磨料罐、磨料混合装置、地面动力装置和井下喷射装置，磨料混合装置的入口分别与储液池和磨料罐连通、出口与地面动力装置入口连通，地面动力装置的出口与井下喷射装置连通，井下喷射装置位于水平井水平段靠近井口处、喷射口朝向直井；直井和水平井贯通形成U型井，水平井的水平段位于煤层内。
一种煤层气水平井塌孔造洞穴卸压开发方法，包括如下步骤：
1)将水平井和直井贯通形成U型井、并对水平井水平段完成扩孔造洞穴裸眼完井；
2)连接好系统内的装置，将井下喷射装置下到水平井水平段靠近水平井井口端，井下喷射装置的喷射口朝向直井；
3)启动磨料混合装置，磨料混合装置将进入其中的激励液和磨料进行混合并输送到地面动力装置中；
4)启动地面动力装置，以一定压力的脉冲频率向水平井洞穴注入高速高压流体，由井下喷射装置喷射向水平段井洞，使洞内的煤层坍塌形成卸压洞穴，完成水平井压力脉动激励和应力释放；
5)停止向磨料混合装置内输送磨料，增加向水平井内喷射流体的速度，进一步破碎、冲刷煤粉，驱替气-液-煤混合物沿着卸压空间向直井运移；
5)采用提升设备将混合物提升至地面进行进一步分离处理得到煤层气。
进一步的，步骤1)中，水平井扩孔后井径增幅为200％-300％。
进一步的，步骤4)中水平井压力脉动激励和应力释放后的卸压激励范围为大于等于15倍煤厚。
本发明在水平井扩孔造洞穴裸眼完井后，通过地面动力装置将激励液和磨料的混合流体以一定的频率向井下输送并经由井下喷射装置喷出，在混合流体的切割作用下，水平井水平段井洞内的煤层坍塌形成卸压洞穴，实现了构造煤煤层气水平井压力脉动激励和应力释放，应力释放区扩展可实现横向应力释放范围为煤厚15倍以上；煤层应力释放完成后，地面面动力装置继续向井下输送高压高速流体，实现了水力驱替煤-液-气混合物沿卸压空间向直井段运移，为后续的举升提供了保证。本发明实现了构造煤煤层气采收率在80％以上， 具有十分突出的能源、安全和生态意义。
附图说明
图1是本发明的系统示意图。
图中：1、储液池，2、直井，3、卸压洞穴，4、水平井，5、磨料罐，6、磨料混合装置，7、地面动力装置，8、井下喷射装置，10、煤层。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步说明。
如图1所示，一种煤层气水平井塌孔造洞穴卸压开发系统，包括储液池1、磨料罐5、磨料混合装置6、地面动力装置7和井下喷射装置8，磨料混合装置6的入口分别与储液池1和磨料罐5连通、出口与地面动力装置7(高压脉动泵)入口连通，地面动力装置7的出口与井下喷射装置8连通，井下喷射装置8位于水平井4水平段靠近井口处、喷射口朝向直井2；直井2和水平井4贯通形成U型井，水平井4的水平段位于煤层10内。
一种煤层气水平井塌孔造洞穴卸压开发方法，包括如下步骤：
1)将水平井4和直井2贯通形成U型井、并对水平井4水平段完成扩孔造洞穴裸眼完井；
2)连接好系统内的装置，将井下喷射装置8下到水平井4水平段靠近水平井4井口端，井下喷射装置8的喷射口朝向直井2；
3)启动磨料混合装置6，磨料混合装置6将进入其中的激励液和磨料进行混合并输送到地面动力装置7中；
4)启动地面动力装置7，以一定压力的脉冲频率向水平井洞穴注入高速高压流体，由井下喷射装置8喷射向水平段井洞，高速高压脉动流体的切割作用使洞内的煤层坍塌形成卸压洞穴3，完成水平井4压力脉动激励和应力释放，即高压脉动人工诱导塌孔造洞穴卸压；
5)停止向磨料混合装置6内输送磨料，增加向水平井4内喷射流体的速度，进一步破碎、冲刷煤粉，驱替气-液-煤混合物沿着卸压空间向直井2运移；
5)采用提升设备将混合物提升至地面进行进一步分离处理得到煤层气。
步骤1)中，水平井4扩孔后井径增幅为200％-300％；井径增幅越大，越能避免构造煤松软所造成的的覆岩变形致井孔坍塌而导致井洞封闭堵塞的问题，为构造煤层原位煤层气的连续开采提供了保证。
步骤4)中水平井压力脉动激励和应力释放后的卸压激励范围为≥15倍煤厚；保证了开采范围范围，进而保证了煤层气连续高效开采。

Claims (4)

  1. 一种煤层气水平井塌孔造洞穴卸压开发系统，其特征在于，包括储液池(1)、磨料罐(5)、磨料混合装置(6)、地面动力装置(7)和井下喷射装置(8)，磨料混合装置(6)的入口分别与储液池(1)和磨料罐(5)连通、出口与地面动力装置(7)入口连通，地面动力装置(7)的出口与井下喷射装置(8)连通，井下喷射装置(8)位于水平井(4)水平段靠近井口处、喷射口朝向直井(2)；直井(2)和水平井(4)贯通形成U型井，水平井(4)的水平段位于煤层(10)内。
  2. 一种煤层气水平井塌孔造洞穴卸压开发方法，其特征是：包括如下步骤：
    1)将水平井(4)和直井(2)贯通形成U型井、并对水平井(4)水平段完成扩孔造洞穴裸眼完井；
    2)连接好系统内的装置，将井下喷射装置(8)下到水平井(4)水平段靠近水平井(4)井口端，井下喷射装置(8)的喷射口朝向直井(2)；
    3)启动磨料混合装置(6)，磨料混合装置(6)将进入其中的激励液和磨料进行混合并输送到地面动力装置(7)中；
    4)启动地面动力装置(7)，以一定压力的脉冲频率向水平井洞穴注入高速高压流体，由井下喷射装置(8)喷射向水平段井洞，使洞内的煤层坍塌形成卸压洞穴(3)，完成水平井(4)压力脉动激励和应力释放；
    5)停止向磨料混合装置(6)内输送磨料，增加向水平井(4)内喷射流体的速度，进一步破碎、冲刷煤粉，驱替气-液-煤混合物沿着卸压空间向直井(2)运移；
    5)采用提升设备将混合物提升至地面进行进一步分离处理得到煤层气。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种煤层气水平井塌孔造洞穴卸压开发方法，其特征是：步骤1)中，水平井(4)扩孔后井径增幅为200％-300％。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的一种煤层气水平井塌孔造洞穴卸压开发方法，其特征是：步骤4)中水平井压力脉动激励和应力释放后的卸压激励范围为大于等于15倍煤厚。
PCT/CN2018/110876 2018-04-28 2018-10-18 一种煤层气水平井塌孔造洞穴卸压开发系统及方法 WO2019205517A1 (zh)

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