WO2019200724A1 - 控制太阳能组件通断电的装置、系统和方法 - Google Patents

控制太阳能组件通断电的装置、系统和方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019200724A1
WO2019200724A1 PCT/CN2018/094474 CN2018094474W WO2019200724A1 WO 2019200724 A1 WO2019200724 A1 WO 2019200724A1 CN 2018094474 W CN2018094474 W CN 2018094474W WO 2019200724 A1 WO2019200724 A1 WO 2019200724A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
signal
solar module
microcontroller
solar
controlling
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2018/094474
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
潘维
李洪杰
Original Assignee
北京汉能光伏投资有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201820558437.0U external-priority patent/CN208015684U/zh
Priority claimed from CN201820639124.8U external-priority patent/CN208489649U/zh
Priority claimed from CN201810402230.9A external-priority patent/CN110416970A/zh
Application filed by 北京汉能光伏投资有限公司 filed Critical 北京汉能光伏投资有限公司
Publication of WO2019200724A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019200724A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08C—TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
    • G08C25/00—Arrangements for preventing or correcting errors; Monitoring arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/20—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for electronic equipment
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B15/00—Systems controlled by a computer
    • G05B15/02—Systems controlled by a computer electric
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08C—TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
    • G08C15/00—Arrangements characterised by the use of multiplexing for the transmission of a plurality of signals over a common path
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H1/00—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements
    • H02H1/0007—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements concerning the detecting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
    • H02S40/30—Electrical components
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
    • H02S40/30—Electrical components
    • H02S40/34—Electrical components comprising specially adapted electrical connection means to be structurally associated with the PV module, e.g. junction boxes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
    • H02S40/30—Electrical components
    • H02S40/38—Energy storage means, e.g. batteries, structurally associated with PV modules
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S50/00—Monitoring or testing of PV systems, e.g. load balancing or fault identification
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08C—TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
    • G08C2201/00—Transmission systems of control signals via wireless link
    • G08C2201/10—Power supply of remote control devices
    • G08C2201/11—Energy harvesting
    • G08C2201/114—Solar power
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
    • Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to, but is not limited to, the field of solar power generation technology, and in particular, but not limited to, an apparatus, system and method for controlling the on and off of a solar component.
  • each individual solar cell module has a small supply voltage, in order to ensure that the solar cell group can normally output current to the load, a plurality of solar cell modules need to be connected.
  • the output voltage of the solar battery pack often exceeds the safe voltage value that the human body can withstand.
  • the person may be damaged by the current output by the solar battery pack when the window is broken. Therefore, when there is a fire or other disaster in the building, how to shut down the solar battery pack in time to prevent the electric shock caused by the escape personnel from breaking the window and ensuring the safety of the fire rescue personnel during the rescue becomes a technology to be solved in the field. problem.
  • an apparatus for controlling power-on and off of a solar component including:
  • An acquisition device electrically coupled to the microcontroller and configured to collect status information and transmit the collected status information to the microcontroller;
  • a switch assembly electrically coupled to the microcontroller and the solar module and configured to control on and off of the solar module based on the status information received by the microcontroller.
  • the status information may be status information of the solar component itself.
  • the device for controlling the on/off of the solar component may further include a communication device connected to the microcontroller and configured to perform the microcontroller with an external terminal Communication connection.
  • the device for controlling the power-off of the solar component may further include a power source.
  • the power source is electrically coupled to the collection device, the microcontroller, the communication device, and the switch assembly, respectively;
  • the solar module is electrically coupled to the power source and configured to charge the power source.
  • the microcontroller may include a control instruction parsing device electrically connected to the communication device and configured to convert a control signal received by the communication device into Control instruction.
  • the device for controlling the on/off of the solar component may be configured as:
  • the collecting device may include a temperature collecting device, the microcontroller including a temperature comparator and a first switch control signal generator, the temperature collecting device, the temperature comparator, the first switch control signal generator, and The switch components are electrically connected in sequence; and/or
  • the collecting device may include a voltage detecting device, the microcontroller including a voltage comparator and a second switch control signal generator, the voltage detecting device being electrically connected to the solar module, the voltage detecting device, the voltage a comparator, the second switch control signal generator, and the switch component are electrically connected in sequence; and/or
  • the collecting device may include a current detecting device, the microcontroller including a current comparator and a third switch control signal generator, the current detecting device being electrically connected to the solar module, the current detecting device, the current The comparator, the third switch control signal generator, and the switch assembly are electrically connected in sequence.
  • the status information may be a safety related environmental characteristic signal in an environment in which the solar energy component is located.
  • the collection device may be an environmental signal collector.
  • the environmental signal collector collects safety-related environmental characteristic signals in an environment in which the solar module is located, and transmits the environmental characteristic signals to the microcontroller.
  • a signal input end of the microcontroller is electrically connected to a signal output end of the environmental information collector, a signal output end of the microcontroller is electrically connected to the switch component, and the microcontroller includes an intensity comparator ,
  • the two connecting ends of the switch assembly are respectively configured to be electrically connected to the solar module and the external device, and switch the on-off connection between the solar component and the external device.
  • the environmental signal collector may include a pickup
  • An input of the intensity comparator is electrically coupled to an output of the pickup, and an output of the intensity comparator is electrically coupled to the switch assembly.
  • the microcontroller may further include an audio recognizer
  • An input of the audio recognizer is electrically coupled to an output of the intensity comparator, and an output of the audio recognizer is electrically coupled to the switch assembly.
  • the environmental signal collector may include a smoke alarm
  • An input of the intensity comparator is electrically coupled to the smoke detector.
  • the environmental signal collector may include a temperature sensor
  • An input of the intensity comparator is electrically coupled to the temperature sensor.
  • the switch assembly may include a single pole double throw switch
  • the movable end and the first fixed end of the single-pole double-throw switch are both configured to be connected to an external device.
  • the second stationary end of the single pole double throw switch is configured to be coupled to the output of the solar module.
  • a solar module system comprising: a solar module and a device coupled to the solar module and controlling the powering of the solar module, the device comprising:
  • An acquisition device electrically coupled to the microcontroller and configured to collect status information and transmit the collected status information to the microcontroller;
  • a switch assembly electrically coupled to the microcontroller and the solar module and configured to control on and off of the solar module based on the status information received by the microcontroller.
  • the means for controlling the on and off of the solar module may be the means for controlling the on and off of the solar component as described in any one of the first aspects.
  • a method of controlling power-on and off of a solar component may use the above-described apparatus for controlling power-on and off of a solar component, and includes the following steps:
  • the connection of the solar component to the external device is cut off.
  • the environmental characteristic signal includes at least one of an acoustic wave signal, a smoke particle concentration, and a temperature
  • Determining the environmental characteristic if the intensity of the acoustic signal exceeds a predetermined intensity threshold, and/or the aerosol particle concentration exceeds a pre-configured smoke particle concentration threshold, and/or the temperature exceeds a pre-configured temperature threshold The signal matches the pre-configured trigger signal.
  • the step of determining that the environmental characteristic signal matches the pre-configured trigger signal comprises:
  • the intensity of the acoustic signal exceeds a preset intensity threshold, determining whether the acoustic signal includes a signal of a pre-configured frequency
  • the acoustic signal comprises a signal of a pre-configured frequency
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a configuration of a device for controlling a power-on and off of a solar module according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing a configuration of an apparatus for controlling a power-on and off of a solar module according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of an apparatus for controlling a power-on and off of a solar module according to still another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing a configuration of an apparatus for controlling on and off of a solar energy component according to still another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing a configuration of a device for controlling a power-on and off of a solar module according to still another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing a configuration of an apparatus for controlling on/off of a solar energy component according to still another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing a configuration of an apparatus for controlling on and off of a solar energy component according to still another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating a method of controlling on/off of a solar energy component according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating a method of controlling on-off of a solar energy component, according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure provides a device for controlling the on and off of a solar component to be applied to a solar module 14 and includes a microcontroller 12 , a collection device 10 , and a switch assembly 13 .
  • the collection device 10 and the switch assembly 13 are respectively electrically connected to the microcontroller 12, and the connection manner includes a wired or wireless connection, and the specific connection manner can be adjusted according to the use condition.
  • the acquisition device 10 collects the status information and transmits the collected status information to the microcontroller 12. Specifically, the acquisition device 10 collects the status information of the solar module 14 itself and sends it to the microcontroller 12, such as the solar module 14 Based on the parameter values such as the voltage value, the current value, and the temperature value of the solar module 14, the microcontroller 12 determines whether a fire or other natural disaster has occurred based on these parameters, and then determines whether to turn off or turn on the solar module 14.
  • the switch assembly 13 is electrically coupled to the solar module 14, wherein the switch assembly 13 is configured to control the on and off of the solar module 14 based on information received by the microcontroller 12.
  • the switch assembly 13 includes an electronic circuit breaker.
  • the microcontroller 12 can control the opening and closing of the electronic circuit breaker according to actual needs.
  • the control algorithm can follow the existing control algorithm, which is not described in this exemplary embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 show a device having other configurations for controlling the on and off of the solar component, and the difference is that the device for controlling the on/off of the solar component shown in FIG.
  • the means for controlling the on and off of the solar module further includes a communication device 16 coupled to the microcontroller 12 and configured to communicatively couple the microcontroller 12 to an external terminal.
  • communication device 16 is wirelessly coupled to background server 18, which is wirelessly coupled to user client 19, such as a mobile phone APP, monitor, and the like.
  • the communication device 16 sends the data in the microcontroller 12 to the background server 18.
  • the user can obtain the data in the background server 18 and display it in real time through the user client 19, and know in real time the device and the solar module that control the power-off of the solar component.
  • the microcontroller 12 includes a control instruction parsing device electrically coupled to the communication device 16 and configured to convert the control signal received by the communication device into a control command, such as when the user client
  • the control command parsing device receives the control signal received by the communication device 16, parses the control signal to obtain a corresponding control command, and transmits it to the switch assembly 13, thereby Controlling the turn-off and turn-on of the solar module 14 is achieved.
  • the communication device 16 can also be connected to a fire alarm system, and the communication device 16 can be connected to the building or to the fire alarm system of the building in which it is located, and when the fire alarm system knows the fire information, the fire will be fired.
  • the information is sent to the communication device 16, and the communication device 16 is transmitted to the microcontroller 12 in time.
  • the microcontroller 12 detects the fire information and generates a control command, and turns off the solar module 14 by the control command, thereby preventing the solar module 14 from being firefighters, The life of an escape or maintenance person is harmful.
  • the device for controlling the power-off of the solar module further includes a power source 15 electrically connected to the collecting device 10, the microcontroller 12, the communication device 16, and the switch assembly 13, respectively, and is respectively a collecting device. 10.
  • the microcontroller 12, the communication device 16, and the switch assembly 13 are powered to ensure good operation of the devices.
  • the solar module 14 is electrically connected to the power source 15 , and the solar module 14 charges the power source 15 , and the power source 15 is charged in real time through the solar module 14 to ensure the power of the power source 15 and avoid the shortage of the power source 15 . Reducing the inability of the various components in the device for powering off and off of the solar module to operate well.
  • FIG. 4 shows a device having other configurations for controlling the on and off of the solar module, compared to the device for controlling the on and off of the solar module shown in FIG. 1, the difference is that the acquisition device 10 includes
  • the temperature collecting device 101 includes a temperature comparator 1241 and a first switch control signal generator 1242.
  • the temperature collecting device 10, the temperature comparator 1241, the first switch control signal generator 1242 and the switch assembly 13 are electrically connected in sequence.
  • the temperature collecting device 101 is disposed at a preset position within the back range of the solar module 14 and/or the position of the solar module 14 at a preset position, and detects the temperature of the solar module 14 through a temperature sensor disposed on the back surface of the solar module 14, or collects the solar module 14
  • the ambient temperature is determined by the temperature comparator 1241 whether the collected temperature exceeds a preset threshold, thereby determining whether the solar module 14 is normal or whether there is a fire near the solar module 14.
  • the situation is uploaded to the background server 18 in real time, which is convenient for the user.
  • the first switch control signal generator 1242 generates a control command to turn off the solar module 14 in time, avoiding the fire caused by the solar module 14, and avoiding the fire caused by the continued power supply of the solar module 14, and also avoiding the solar energy.
  • Component 14 poses an electrical shock hazard to firefighters, escape personnel, or maintenance personnel.
  • the acquisition device 10 includes a voltage detection device 102
  • the microcontroller 12 includes a voltage comparator 1251 and a second switch control signal generator 1252.
  • the voltage detection device 102 is electrically connected to the solar module 14, and the voltage detection device 102.
  • the voltage comparator 1251, the second switch control signal generator 1252 and the switch component 13 are electrically connected in sequence.
  • the voltage collecting device 10 is electrically connected to the solar module 14 and collects the voltage parameter of the solar module 14 .
  • the voltage comparator compares the voltage parameter with a preset threshold to determine whether the voltage of the solar module 14 is abnormal, and the solar module 14 is in the solar module 14 .
  • the second switch control signal generator 1252 When the voltage is abnormal, the second switch control signal generator 1252 generates a control command to control the switch assembly 13 to turn off the solar module 14 in time to avoid damage to the solar module 14.
  • the acquisition device 10 includes a current detecting device 103.
  • the microcontroller 12 includes a current comparator 1261 and a third switch control signal generator 1262.
  • the voltage detecting device 102 is electrically connected to the solar module 14, and the current detecting device 103.
  • the current comparator 1261, the third switch control signal generator 1262, and the switch assembly 13 are electrically connected in sequence.
  • the current detecting device 103 collects the current parameter of the solar module 14, compares the current parameter with the preset threshold by the current comparator 1261, determines whether the current of the solar module 14 is abnormal, and passes the third when the current of the solar module 14 is abnormal.
  • the switch control signal generator 1262 generates control commands to control the switch assembly 13 to turn off the solar module 14 in time to avoid damage to the solar module 14.
  • the ambient temperature, the voltage of the solar module 14, the current of the solar module 14 and the like are collected in real time by the acquisition device 10, and the parameters are sent to the microcontroller 12, and the microcontroller 12 determines whether or not based on these parameters. A fire or other hazard occurs, and then it is determined whether to control the switch assembly 13 to be turned off and on according to the determination result, and the microcontroller 12 transmits parameters such as the ambient temperature, the solar module 14 voltage, and the solar module 14 current to the background server 18 through the communication device 16. The user views these parameters in real time through the user client 19, so that the user can monitor the state of the solar component 14.
  • the acquisition device 10 can be configured to collect at least one of ambient temperature, voltage of the solar module 14, and current of the solar module 14 as needed to the microcontroller 12.
  • the collection device 10 may further include a solar energy component 14 real-time power generation amount detecting device, a collision detecting device, and the like to detect information such as the real-time power generation amount of the solar module 14 and whether the solar component 14 collides, etc., respectively. The user monitors the status of the solar module 14 in real time.
  • Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure also provide a solar energy component system including a solar energy component 14, a power supply network, and a device connected between the solar energy component 14 and the power supply network to control the on and off of the solar energy component.
  • the means for controlling the on and off of the solar module comprises a microcontroller 12, a collection device 10 and a switch assembly 13.
  • the acquisition device 10 and the switch assembly 13 are electrically coupled to the microcontroller 12, respectively, and the acquisition device 10 collects status information of the solar module 14 and sends it to the microcontroller 12.
  • the switch assembly 13 is electrically coupled to the solar module 14 and is configured to control the on and off of the solar module 14 based on information received by the microcontroller 12.
  • the state information of the solar module 14 such as current, voltage and the like is collected in real time by means of a device for controlling the on and off of the solar module between the solar module 14 and the power supply network, and the microcontroller 12 pairs the solar energy.
  • the status information of the component 14 is compared to determine whether a fire or other natural disaster has occurred, whether the solar module 14 is abnormal, and when a fire or other natural disaster occurs, and the solar module 14 is abnormal, the solar module 14 is timely controlled by the switch assembly 13.
  • Shutdown in this way, can prevent the electric shock caused by the escape personnel from breaking the window and escape, and can ensure the safety of the fire rescue personnel during the rescue, thereby improving the safety of the use of the solar module 14.
  • the wired communication line may be destroyed by fire, and the wireless communication signal may cause communication failure due to the plasma generated by the fire and the electromagnetic shielding environment of the building itself, which in turn causes corresponding The solar module cannot be disconnected, causing an electric shock when a person breaks the window.
  • an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure provides an apparatus and method capable of reliably turning off a solar module that is powered off and off in the event that a wired communication line is broken and a wireless communication fails.
  • FIGS. 1 and 5 to 7 are schematic views illustrating a configuration of an apparatus for controlling on/off of a solar energy component according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 5 to 7, the collection device 10 is an environmental signal collector And the status information described above is a safety related environmental characteristic signal in the environment in which the solar module 14 is located.
  • the environmental signal collector is configured to collect an environmental characteristic signal
  • the signal input end of the microcontroller 12 is connected to the signal output end of the environmental information collector
  • the control signal output end of the microcontroller 12 is connected to the control end of the switch component 13 for micro control.
  • the device outputs an on/off signal to the switch component according to the received environmental characteristic signal.
  • the two connection ends of the switch assembly 13 are respectively connected to the solar module 14 and the external device, and when the aforementioned two terminals are disconnected, the connection of the solar module 14 to the external device is disconnected.
  • the type of the environmental signal collector is different according to the type of the collected environmental signal. If the collected environmental signal is an acoustic signal, the environmental signal collector is the pickup 11 shown in FIG. 5; if the collected environmental signal is the smoke particle concentration or temperature, the environmental signal collector is the smoke alarm shown in FIG. 104 or the temperature sensor 105 shown in FIG.
  • the microcontroller 12 may include an intensity comparator 121, an audio recognizer 122, and an actuator 123.
  • the signal input end of the intensity comparator 121 is connected to the signal output end of the pickup 11
  • the signal input end of the audio recognizer 122 is connected to the signal output end of the intensity comparator 121
  • the output end of the audio recognizer 122 is connected to the actuator 123.
  • the signal output of the actuator 123 is the control signal output of the microcontroller 12.
  • the intensity comparator 121 in the microcontroller 12 can determine the environmental characteristics by the smoke particle concentration monitored by the smoke alarm 104 exceeding the pre-configured smoke particle concentration threshold. The signal matches the pre-configured trigger signal.
  • the intensity comparator 121 in the microcontroller 12 can determine the environmental characteristic signal and the pre-configured trigger signal when the temperature signal detected by the temperature sensor 105 exceeds the pre-configured temperature threshold. match.
  • the environmental signal collector may be a combination of at least two of the pickup 11, the smoke alarm 104, and the temperature sensor 105, only when the signals monitored by the respective sensors simultaneously satisfy the conditions described above.
  • the microcontroller 12 determines that the environmental signature signal matches the pre-configured trigger signal.
  • the environmental signal collector should be placed close to the solar module 14; in a particular application, the environmental signal collector can be placed at the back panel of the solar module 14.
  • the intensity comparator 121 first determines whether the intensity of the sound signal exceeds a preset intensity; after the preset intensity is exceeded, the sound signal is sent to the audio recognizer 122. And triggers the audio recognizer 122 to work.
  • the audio recognizer 122 recognizes that the type of acoustic signal includes a pre-configured frequency before triggering the actuator 123 to control the switch assembly 13 to disconnect the solar module 14 from the external device.
  • the switch assembly 13 may be a single-pole single-throw switch; in practical applications, the single-pole single-throw switch may be a conventional relay switch or an integrated circuit in a semiconductor circuit. switch.
  • the switch assembly 13 can also be a single-pole double-throw switch; in this case, the movable end and the first fixed end of the single-pole double-throw switch should be connected to the external device, and the single-pole double-throw switch The two fixed ends are connected to the solar module 14; if the switch assembly 13 realizes the connection of the solar module 14 to the external device, the movable end is short-circuited with the first fixed end.
  • the switch assembly 13 is a single-pole double-throw switch
  • the switch assembly 13 further includes a diode connected to the first fixed end, and the diode is prevented according to the corresponding setting of the position of the switch assembly 13 with respect to the solar assembly 14. The current is reversed to avoid the occurrence of high voltage loading of the external device to the solar module 14, and even cause personal injury.
  • the switch assembly 13 can also be provided with two single-pole double-throw switches, and the second fixed ends of the two single-pole double-throw switches are respectively connected to the two ports of the solar module 14 to complete the solar module 14 Disconnect from the external device.
  • the present disclosure also provides a curtain wall system employing the foregoing apparatus.
  • the curtain wall system includes a support mechanism and a panel mounted on an outer surface of the support structure, the panel being a solar module 14, and the device is disposed between the solar module 14 and the external device. It should be noted that the aforementioned device should be placed on the side of the curtain wall system facing the room.
  • FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating a method of controlling a solar power module to be powered on and off from an external device, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the method for controlling the power-on and power-off of the external solar device provided by the exemplary embodiment includes steps S101-S104. It should be noted that the method uses the apparatus shown in Figure 5 for controlling the on and off of the solar modules.
  • S101 collecting an environment characteristic signal of the environment in which the solar component is located, and reflecting the environmental safety degree.
  • the environmental characteristic signal may be an acoustic signal; correspondingly, the hardware device that collects the environmental characteristic signal is a pickup; the pickup samples the acoustic signal, obtains sound information representing the acoustic signal, and sends the sound information to the sound information.
  • the hardware device that collects the environmental characteristic signal is a pickup; the pickup samples the acoustic signal, obtains sound information representing the acoustic signal, and sends the sound information to the sound information.
  • S102 Determine whether the environment feature signal matches the pre-configuration signal; if yes, execute S103; if not, execute S104.
  • the microcontroller After receiving the sound wave information sent by the pickup, the microcontroller determines whether the environmental characteristic signal represented by the sound wave information matches the pre-configured sound wave signal.
  • the pre-configured sound wave signal may be a set intensity sound wave signal; if the sound wave signal represents an intensity of the sound wave signal greater than the set sound wave signal, the sound wave signal matches the pre-configured trigger signal; and if the sound wave signal is If the intensity is less than or equal to the set acoustic signal, the acoustic signal does not match the pre-configured acoustic signal.
  • the microcontroller may also process the sound wave information, extract the frequency of the sound wave signal represented in the sound wave information, and compare the frequency of the extracted sound wave signal with the sound wave signal of the preset frequency to determine the sound wave. Whether the signal includes a pre-configured frequency acoustic signal, and then determines whether to perform subsequent S103 or S104; if the pre-configured frequency is included, S103 is performed; if the pre-configured frequency is not included, S104 is performed.
  • S104 Keep the connection between the solar component and the external device.
  • an abnormal condition is determined in the environment. For example, when the intensity of the acoustic signal is too large, a high-decibel fire alarm signal may appear in the environment. In this case, the connection relationship between the solar module and the external device needs to be disconnected, so as to avoid damage to the high-voltage electric power when the personnel damage the solar module. . If the intensity of the acoustic signal does not exceed the preset intensity, it can be determined that the environment is in a normal state, so that the connection state of the solar module and the external device can be maintained at this time.
  • the device for collecting the environmental feature signal is a pickup, and the corresponding collected environmental feature signal is a sound wave signal; in other exemplary embodiments, the device for collecting the environmental feature signal may also be a smoke alarm or temperature.
  • the sensor; the environmental characteristic signal collected by the smoke alarm is the concentration of smoke particles in the environment, and the environmental characteristic signal collected by the temperature sensor is the temperature of the environment.
  • the pre-configured trigger signal stored in the microcontroller should be the corresponding smoke particle concentration or temperature. Specifically, when the smoke particle concentration exceeds the pre-configured smoke particle concentration threshold, or the temperature exceeds the pre-configured temperature threshold, the connection state of the solar module and the external device is cut off.
  • whether to control the solar energy component to be powered off may be determined by simultaneously monitoring at least two of the acoustic signal, the smoke particle concentration, and the temperature. Specifically, if the acoustic signal exceeds the preset intensity threshold, the smoke particle concentration exceeds the pre-configured smoke particle concentration threshold, and the temperature exceeds the pre-configured temperature threshold, then the environmental characteristic signal is determined to match the pre-configured trigger signal.
  • the triggering control of the solar component and the external device may be disconnected according to the characteristics of the monitored environmental signal (specifically, the strength of the environmental characteristic signal or whether there is a specific signal type).
  • the connected trigger signal disconnects the solar module from the external device. Because the environmental characteristic signal is directly related to sudden situations such as fire, and the probability of being interfered by the sudden situation is small, it is safe to use it as the corresponding control signal.
  • FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating a method of controlling a solar power module to be powered on and off from an external device, according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 9, in another exemplary embodiment, the aforementioned method includes steps S201-S205.
  • S202 Determine whether the intensity of the sound wave signal exceeds a preset intensity threshold; if the intensity of the sound wave signal exceeds the preset intensity threshold, perform S203; if the intensity of the sound wave signal does not exceed the preset intensity threshold, perform S205.
  • S203 Determine whether the sound wave signal includes the sound wave signal of the pre-configured frequency; if the signal including the pre-configured frequency is included, perform S204; if the signal of the pre-configured frequency is not included, execute S205.
  • S205 Keep the connection between the solar component and the external device.
  • the acquired environmental characteristic signal is also an acoustic signal
  • the corresponding environmental signal collector is also a pickup.
  • the microcontroller first determines the strength of the acoustic signal.
  • the microcontroller can determine that there is no high-decibel sound in the environment and there is no corresponding alarm message. If the intensity of the acoustic signal exceeds the preset intensity threshold, the microcontroller determines that the environment contains high-decibel sounds, and the probability of an unexpected situation such as a fire occurring when high-decibel noise occurs in the environment is large.
  • the microcontroller determines whether the ambient characteristic signal includes a sound signal of the pre-configured frequency; if the sound wave signal of the pre-configured frequency is included, it determines that a fire alarm signal is generated to prove that a fire condition occurs, and at this time, S204 is executed to cut off the solar component and the external connection. The connection of the device.
  • the module for determining the intensity of the acoustic signal in the microcontroller may be in an active state, and the module for determining whether the pre-configured frequency acoustic signal is included in the acoustic signal may be in a standby low-power state; only when determining the acoustic signal After the intensity module sends out the trigger signal, it is determined that the module containing the pre-configured frequency sound wave signal in the sound wave signal is triggered to be turned on. In this way, the power consumption of the microcontroller can be lower, reducing the consumption of power.
  • the steps of monitoring sound waves provided by the exemplary embodiment, the steps of monitoring smoke particle concentration and temperature provided by the previous embodiment may be simultaneously performed to form a simultaneous monitoring sound wave signal and smoke particle concentration.

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Abstract

本公开提供一种控制太阳能组件通断电的装置、系统和方法。该控制太阳能组件通断电的装置包括：微控制器；采集装置，所述采集装置与所述微控制器电连接，并且构造为采集状态信息并将采集到的所述状态信息发送到所述微控制器；以及开关组件，所述开关组件与所述微控制器和所述太阳能组件电连接，并且构造为根据所述微控制器接收到的所述状态信息控制所述太阳能组件的通断电。

Description

控制太阳能组件通断电的装置、系统和方法 技术领域
本公开涉及但不限于太阳能发电技术领域，尤其涉及但不限于一种控制太阳能组件通断电的装置、系统和方法。
背景技术
为充分利用太阳能、实现节能环保，目前已经有建筑物幕墙采用太阳能电池制作。因为每个独立的太阳能电池组件均供电电压很小，为了保证太阳能电池组能够正常向负载输出电流，多个太阳能电池组件需要连接。
而太阳能电池组连接后输出电压往往超过人体能够承受的安全电压值，在诸如火灾等情况下人员破窗时可能会被太阳能电池组输出的电流造成伤害。因此当建筑发生火灾或者其他灾害时，如何及时地对太阳能电池组进行关断以防止逃生人员破窗逃生时引起的触电伤害以及保证消防救援人员在救援时的人员安全成为本领域亟待解决的技术问题。
发明内容
以下是对本文详细描述的主题的概述。本概述并非是为了限制权利要求的保护范围。
根据本公开的一个方面，提供了一种控制太阳能组件通断电的装置，包括：
微控制器；
采集装置，所述采集装置与所述微控制器电连接，并且构造为采集状态信息并将采集到的所述状态信息发送到所述微控制器；以及
开关组件，所述开关组件与所述微控制器和所述太阳能组件电连接，并且构造为根据所述微控制器接收到的所述状态信息控制所述太阳能组件的通断电。
根据本公开的一种实施方式，所述状态信息可以是所述太阳能组 件本身的状态信息。
根据本公开的一种实施方式，所述控制太阳能组件通断电的装置还可以包括通信装置，所述通信装置与所述微控制器连接，并且构造为将所述微控制器与外部终端进行通信连接。
根据本公开的一种实施方式，所述控制太阳能组件通断电的装置还可以包括电源，
所述电源分别与所述采集装置、所述微控制器、所述通信装置和所述开关组件电连接；并且
所述太阳能组件与所述电源电连接，并且构造为对所述电源充电。
根据本公开的一种实施方式，所述微控制器可以包括控制指令解析装置，所述控制指令解析装置与所述通信装置电连接，并且构造为将所述通信装置接收到的控制信号转换为控制指令。
根据本公开的一种实施方式，所述控制太阳能组件通断电的装置可以构造为：
所述采集装置可以包括温度采集装置，所述微控制器包括温度比较器和第一开关控制信号生成器，所述温度采集装置、所述温度比较器、所述第一开关控制信号生成器和所述开关组件依次电连接；和/或
所述采集装置可以包括电压检测装置，所述微控制器包括电压比较器和第二开关控制信号生成器，所述电压检测装置与所述太阳能组件电连接，所述电压检测装置、所述电压比较器、所述第二开关控制信号生成器和所述开关组件依次电连接；和/或
所述采集装置可以包括电流检测装置，所述微控制器包括电流比较器和第三开关控制信号生成器，所述电流检测装置与所述太阳能组件电连接，所述电流检测装置、所述电流比较器、所述第三开关控制信号生成器和所述开关组件依次电连接。
根据本公开的一种实施方式，所述状态信息可以是所述太阳能组件所处环境中与安全相关的环境特征信号。
根据本公开的一种实施方式，所述采集装置可以是环境信号采集器，
所述环境信号采集器采集所述太阳能组件所处环境中与安全相关的环境特征信号，并将所述环境特征信号传输给所述微控制器，
所述微控制器的信号输入端与所述环境信息采集器的信号输出端电连接，所述微控制器的信号输出端与所述开关组件电连接，并且所述微控制器包括强度比较器，
所述开关组件的两个连接端分别构造为与太阳能组件和外接设备电连接，并且切换太阳能组件与外接设备之间的通断连接。
根据本公开的一种实施方式，所述环境信号采集器可以包括拾音器，
所述强度比较器的输入端与所述拾音器的输出端电连接，所述强度比较器的输出端与所述开关组件电连接。
根据本公开的一种实施方式，所述微控制器还可以包括音频识别器，
所述音频识别器的输入端与所述强度比较器的输出端电连接，所述音频识别器的输出端与所述开关组件电连接。
根据本公开的一种实施方式，所述环境信号采集器可以包括烟感报警器，
所述强度比较器的输入端与所述烟感报警器电连接。
根据本公开的一种实施方式，所述环境信号采集器可以包括温度传感器，
所述强度比较器的输入端与所述温度传感器电连接。
根据本公开的一种实施方式，所述开关组件可以包括单刀双掷开关，
所述单刀双掷开关的动端和第一不动端均构造为与外接设备连接，
所述单刀双掷开关的第二不动端构造为与所述太阳能组件的输出端连接。
根据本公开的另一个方面，提供了一种太阳能组件系统，包括：太阳能组件以及与所述太阳能组件相连接并控制所述太阳能组件通断电的装置，所述装置包括：
微控制器；
采集装置，所述采集装置与所述微控制器电连接，并且构造为采集状态信息并将采集到的所述状态信息发送到所述微控制器；以及
开关组件，所述开关组件与所述微控制器和所述太阳能组件电连接，并且构造为根据所述微控制器接收到的所述状态信息控制所述太阳能组件的通断电。
应当理解，控制所述太阳能组件通断电的装置可以是第一方面中任一种实施方式所述的控制太阳能组件通断电的装置。
根据本公开的又一个方面，提供了一种控制太阳能组件通断电的方法，所述方法可以使用上述控制太阳能组件通断电的装置，并且包括如下步骤：
采集太阳能组件所处环境中与环境安全度相关的环境特征信号；
判定所述环境特征信号与预配置的触发信号是否匹配；
如果环境特征信号与预配置的触发信号匹配，则切断太阳能组件与外接设备的连接。
根据本公开的一种实施方式，所述环境特征信号包括声波信号、烟雾颗粒浓度、温度中的至少一种；
判定所述环境特征信号与预配置的触发信号是否匹配的步骤包括：
判定所述声波信号的强度是否超过预设强度阈值，和/或判定所述烟雾颗粒度浓度是否超过预配置的烟雾颗粒浓度阈值，和/或判定所述温度是否超过预配置的温度阈值；
如果所述声波信号的强度超过预设强度阈值，和/或所述烟雾颗粒度浓度超过预配置的烟雾颗粒浓度阈值，和/或所述温度超过预配置的温度阈值，则判定所述环境特征信号与预配置的触发信号匹配。
根据本公开的一种实施方式，如果所述声波信号的强度超过预设强度阈值，则判定所述环境特征信号与预配置的触发信号匹配的步骤包括：
如果所述声波信号的强度超过预设强度阈值，则判定所述声波信号是否包括预配置频率的信号；
如果所述声波信号包含预配置频率的信号，则判定所述环境特征信号与预配置的触发信号匹配。
在阅读并理解了附图和详细描述后，可以明白其他方面。
附图说明
图1是示出根据本公开的示例性实施例的控制太阳能组件通断电的装置的构造的示意图；
图2是示出根据本公开的另一示例性实施例的控制太阳能组件通断电的装置的构造的示意图；
图3是示出根据本公开的又一示例性实施例的控制太阳能组件通断电的装置的构造的示意图；
图4是示出根据本公开的又一示例性实施例的控制太阳能组件通断电的装置的构造的示意图；
图5是示出根据本公开的又一示例性实施例的控制太阳能组件通断电的装置的构造的示意图；
图6是示出根据本公开的又一示例性实施例的控制太阳能组件通断电的装置的构造的示意图；
图7是示出根据本公开的又一示例性实施例的控制太阳能组件通断电的装置的构造的示意图；
图8是示出根据本公开的示例性实施例的控制太阳能组件通断电的方法的流程图；以及
图9是示出根据本公开的另一示例性实施例的控制太阳能组件通断电的方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本公开作进一步的详细说明。可以理解的是，下文所描述的具体实施例仅仅用于解释本公开，而非对本公开进行限定。另外还需要说明的是，为了便于描述，附图中仅示出了与本公开相关的部分。
如图1所示，本公开的示例性实施例提供的一种控制太阳能组件通断电的装置应用于太阳能组件14上，并且包括微控制器12、采集装置10和开关组件13。
在本示例性实施例中，采集装置10和开关组件13分别与微控制器12电连接，连接方式包括有线或无线连接，具体的连接方式可根据使用情况进行调整。采集装置10采集状态信息并将采集到的状态信息发送到微控制器12，具体而言，采集装置10采集太阳能组件14本身的状态信息并发送到微控制器12，具体的，如太阳能组件14的电压值、电流值和太阳能组件14的温度值等参数信息，微控制器12根据这些 参数判定是否发生了火灾或其他自然灾害，进而决定是否关断或开启太阳能组件14。
在本示例性实施例中，开关组件13与太阳能组件14电连接，其中开关组件13构造为根据微控制器12接收到的信息控制所述太阳能组件14的通断电。开关组件13包括电子断路器，微控制器12可根据实际需要控制该电子断路器的开合，控制算法可沿用现有控制算法，本示例性实施例对此不再赘述。
在一个具体的实施例中，图2和图3示出了具有其它构造的控制太阳能组件通断电的装置，与图1所示的控制太阳能组件通断电的装置相比，区别在于，该控制太阳能组件通断电的装置还包括通信装置16，通信装置16与微控制器12连接，并且构造为将微控制器12与外部终端进行通信连接。
在本示例性实施例中，通信装置16与后台服务器18无线连接，后台服务器18与用户客户端19无线连接，例如手机APP，监控器等。通信装置16将微控制器12中的数据发送到后台服务器18中，用户可通过用户客户端19实时获取后台服务器18中的数据并进行显示，实时了解控制太阳能组件通断电的装置和太阳能组件14的实时状态，同时用户可通过用户客户端19向后台服务器18发送控制信号，后台服务器18与微控制器12进行通信，将控制信号传输到微控制器12，由此控制太阳能组件14的关断和开通。
在本示例性实施例中，微控制器12包括控制指令解析装置，控制指令解析装置与通信装置16电连接，并且构造为将通信装置接收到的控制信号转换为控制指令，如当用户客户端19通过后台服务器18向该通信装置16发送控制信号时，控制指令解析装置接收通信装置16接收到的控制信号，并对控制信号进行解析得到相应的控制指令并且将其发送到开关组件13，从而实现控制太阳能组件14的关断和开通。
在本示例性实施例中，通信装置16还可与火灾报警系统连接，通信装置16可以与大楼或与所处建筑的火灾报警系统连接，在火灾报警 系统得知火情信息时，将火情信息发送到通信装置16，通信装置16及时传输到微控制器12，微控制器12通过解析火情信息并生成控制指令，通过控制指令关断太阳能组件14，从而避免太阳能组件14对消防员、逃生人员或是维修人员的生命造成危害。
在本示例性实施例中，该控制太阳能组件通断电的装置还包括电源15，电源15分别与采集装置10、微控制器12、通信装置16和开关组件13电连接，并分别为采集装置10、微控制器12、通信装置16和开关组件13供电，保证各装置的良好运行。
在本示例性实施例中，太阳能组件14与电源15电连接，太阳能组件14为电源15充电，通过太阳能组件14实时为电源15进行充电，保证供电电源15的电量，避免出现电源15电量不足，减少太阳能组件通断电的装置中的各个部件无法良好运行的情况。
在一个具体的实施例中，图4示出了具有其它构造的控制太阳能组件通断电的装置，与图1所示的控制太阳能组件通断电的装置相比，区别在于，采集装置10包括温度采集装置101，微控制器12包括温度比较器1241和第一开关控制信号生成器1242，温度采集装置10、温度比较器1241、第一开关控制信号生成器1242和开关组件13依次电连接。温度采集装置101设置于太阳能组件14背面和/或太阳能组件14位置预设范围内的预设位置处，通过设置在太阳能组件14背面的温度传感器检测太阳能组件14的温度，或者采集太阳能组件14所处的环境温度，通过温度比较器1241判定采集到的温度是否超过预设阈值，由此判定太阳能组件14是否正常或者太阳能组件14附近是否出现火灾，将该情况实时上传到后台服务器18，方便用户知悉，并通过第一开关控制信号生成器1242生成控制指令及时关断太阳能组件14，避免因太阳能组件14导致的火灾，以及避免因太阳能组件14继续供电导致的火情加重，同时也能避免太阳能组件14对消防员、逃生人员或是维修人员造成触电危害。
在本示例性实施例中，采集装置10包括电压检测装置102，微控 制器12包括电压比较器1251和第二开关控制信号生成器1252，电压检测装置102与太阳能组件14电连接，电压检测装置102、电压比较器1251、第二开关控制信号生成器1252和开关组件13依次电连接。电压采集装置10与太阳能组件14电连接，并采集太阳能组件14的电压参数，通过电压比较器1251将该电压参数与预设阈值进行比较，判定太阳能组件14的电压是否异常，并在太阳能组件14的电压异常时，通过第二开关控制信号生成器1252生成控制指令，以控制开关组件13及时关断太阳能组件14，避免太阳能组件14损坏。
在本示例性实施例中，采集装置10包括电流检测装置103，微控制器12包括电流比较器1261和第三开关控制信号生成器1262，电压检测装置102与太阳能组件14电连接，电流检测装置103、电流比较器1261、第三开关控制信号生成器1262和开关组件13依次电连接。电流检测装置103采集太阳能组件14的电流参数，通过电流比较器1261将该电流参数与预设阈值进行比较，判定太阳能组件14的电流是否异常，并在太阳能组件14的电流异常时，通过第三开关控制信号生成器1262生成控制指令，以控制开关组件13及时关断太阳能组件14，避免太阳能组件14损坏。
在本示例性实施例中，通过采集装置10实时采集环境温度、太阳能组件14的电压、太阳能组件14的电流等参数，并将参数发送到微控制器12，微控制器12根据这些参数判定是否发生火灾或其他危害，进而根据判定结果决定是否控制开关组件13关断和开通，同时微控制器12将环境温度、太阳能组件14电压、太阳能组件14电流等参数通过通信装置16发送到后台服务器18，用户通过用户客户端19实时查看这些参数，方便用户对太阳能组件14的状态进行监控。应当理解的是，可以根据需要使采集装置10采集环境温度、太阳能组件14的电压、太阳能组件14的电流中的至少一者并发送到微控制器12。
在本示例性实施例中，采集装置10还可以包括太阳能组件14实时发电量检测装置、碰撞检测装置等装置，以分别检测太阳能组件14 的实时发电量和太阳能组件14是否发生碰撞等信息，方便用户对太阳能组件14的状态进行实时监控。
本公开的示例性实施例还提供一种太阳能组件系统，该太阳能组件系统包括太阳能组件14、供电网和连接在太阳能组件14与供电网之间的控制太阳能组件通断电的装置。
该控制太阳能组件通断电的装置包括微控制器12、采集装置10和开关组件13。
采集装置10和开关组件13分别与微控制器12电连接，采集装置10采集太阳能组件14的状态信息并发送到微控制器12。
开关组件13与太阳能组件14电连接，并且构造为根据微控制器12接收到的信息控制太阳能组件14的通断电。
在本示例性实施例中，通过设置在太阳能组件14和供电网之间的控制太阳能组件通断电的装置实时采集太阳能组件14的状态信息，例如电流、电压等参数，微控制器12对太阳能组件14的状态信息进行比对，判定是否发生了火灾或其他自然灾害、太阳能组件14是否异常，并在发生了火灾或其他自然灾害、太阳能组件14异常时，通过开关组件13及时控制太阳能组件14关断，这样，既可以防止逃生人员破窗逃生时引起的触电伤害，又可以保证消防救援人员在救援时的人员安全，从而提高了太阳能组件14使用过程的安全性。
在一些情况下，在出现火情等情况时，有线通信线路可能会因为火灾而破坏，无线通信信号可能会因为火灾产生的等离子体以及建筑物本身的电磁屏蔽环境而造成通信失效，继而造成相应的太阳能组件无法被断开，造成人员破窗时触电。
针对这种情况，本公开的示例性实施例提供一种能够在有线通信线路被破坏且无线通信失效情况下可靠地关断太阳能组件的控制太阳能组件通断电的装置和方法。
图5至图7是示出根据本公开的示例性实施例的控制太阳能组件通断电的装置的构造的示意图，如图1和图5至图7所示，采集装置 10是环境信号采集器，并且上文所述的状态信息是太阳能组件14所处环境中与安全相关的环境特征信号。环境信号采集器构造为采集环境特征信号，微控制器12的信号输入端与环境信息采集器的信号输出端连接，微控制器12的控制信号输出端与开关组件13的控制端连接，微控制器根据接收的环境特征信号，向开关组件输出通断信号。开关组件13的两个连接端分别与太阳能组件14和外接设备连接，并且当前述两个连接端断开连接时，太阳能组件14与外接设备的连接被断开。
前述控制太阳能组件14与外接设备通断电的装置中，根据采集的环境信号类型的不同，环境信号采集器类型也就不同。如果采集的环境信号为声波信号，则环境信号采集器为图5所示的拾音器11；如果采集的环境信号为烟雾颗粒浓度或者温度，则环境信号采集器为图6所示的烟感报警器104或者图7所示的温度传感器105。
在环境信号采集器为拾音器11的情况下，微控制器12可以包括强度比较器121、音频识别器122和执行器123。强度比较器121的信号输入端与拾音器11的信号输出端连接，音频识别器122的一个信号输入端与强度比较器121的信号输出端连接，音频识别器122的输出端与执行器123连接，执行器123的信号输出端为所述微控制器12的控制信号输出端。
在环境信号采集器为烟感报警器104的情况下，微控制器12中的强度比较器121可以在烟感报警器104监测的烟雾颗粒度浓度超过预配置烟雾颗粒度浓度阈值，判定环境特征信号与预配置的触发信号匹配。
在环境信号采集器为温度传感器105的情况下，微控制器12中的强度比较器121可以在温度传感器105检测的温度信号超过预配置的温度阈值时，判定环境特征信号与预配置的触发信号匹配。
在其他示例性实施例中，环境信号采集器可以是拾音器11、烟感报警器104和温度传感器105中的至少两个的组合，只有在相应的传感器监测的信号同时满足前文所述的条件时，微控制器12才判定环境 特征信号与预配置的触发信号匹配。
应当注意，本示例性实施例中，环境信号采集器应当设置在靠近太阳能组件14的位置；在具体应用中，环境信号采集器可以设置在太阳能组件14的背板处。
当拾音器11采集到声波信号并发送给微控制器12后，强度比较器121首先判定声音信号的强度是否超过预设强度；在超过预设强度后，声音信号才会被发送至音频识别器122，并触发音频识别器122工作。音频识别器122识别确定声波信号类型包含预配置频率后，才会触发执行器123控制开关组件13断开太阳能组件14与外接设备的连接。
在本示例性实施例提供的控制太阳能组件通断电的装置中，开关组件13可以是单刀单掷开关；实际应用中单刀单掷开关可以为传统的继电器开关，也可以是半导体电路中的集成开关。
在其他示例性实施例中，开关组件13也可以是单刀双掷开关；在此情况下，单刀双掷开关的动端和第一不动端应均与外接设备连接，单刀双掷开关的第二不动端与太阳能组件14连接；如果开关组件13实现太阳能组件14与外接设备的连接，其动端和第一不动端短路连接。
在开关组件13为单刀双掷开关的情况下，较为优选的，开关组件13还可以包括与第一不动端连接的二极管，二极管根据开关组件13相对于太阳能组件14的位置对应的设置，防止电流的逆流，以避免出现外接设备的高电压加载到太阳能组件14、甚至造成人员伤害的情况。
当然，在其他示例性实施例中，开关组件13也可以设置两个单刀双掷开关，两个单刀双掷开关的第二不动端分别与太阳能组件14的两端口连接，使太阳能组件14完全与外接设备断开连接。
以上分别介绍了本公开提供的各种控制太阳能组件14与外接设备通断电的装置。除了提供前述装置外，本公开还提供一种采用前述装置的幕墙系统。具体的，幕墙系统包括支撑机构和架设在支撑结构外表面的镶嵌板，镶嵌板为太阳能组件14，前述装置设置在太阳能组件 14与外接设备之间。应当注意，前述装置的应当设置在幕墙系统面向室内的一侧。
图8是示出根据本公开的示例性实施例的控制太阳能组件与外接设备通断电的方法的流程图。如图8所示，本示例性实施例提供的控制太阳能组件与外接设备通断电的方法包括步骤S101-S104。应当注意，本方法使用图5所示的控制太阳能组件通断电的装置。
S101：采集太阳能组件所在环境，反映环境安全度的环境特征信号。
在本示例性实施例中，环境特征信号可以是声波信号；对应的，采集环境特征信号的硬件设备为拾音器；拾音器对声波信号进行采样，获得代表声波信号的声音信息，并将声音信息发送给微控制器。
S102：判定环境特征信号是否与预配置信号匹配；如果匹配，则执行S103；如果不匹配，则执行S104。
微控制器接收到拾音器发送的声波信息后，判定声波信息代表的环境特征信号是否与预配置的声波信号匹配。
具体的，预配置的声波信号可以是一设定强度的声波信号；如果声波信息代表的声波信号的强度大于设定的声波信号，则声波信号与预配置的触发信号匹配；而如果声波信号的强度小于或者等于设定的声波信号，则声波信号与预配置的声波信号不匹配。
在其他示例性实施例中，微控制器也可以对声波信息进行处理，提取声波信息中代表的声波信号的频率，并将提取的声波信号的频率与预设频率的声波信号进行比较，判定声波信号中是否包含预配置频率的声波信号，继而判定是执行后续的S103还是S104；如果包含预配置频率，则执行S103；如果不包含预配置频率，则执行S104。
S103：切断太阳能组件与外接设备的连接。
S104：保持太阳能组件与外接设备的连接。
如果声波信号的强度大于预设声波信号的强度，则判定环境中出现异常状况。例如，当声波信号的强度过大时，可能是环境中出现了 高分贝的火灾报警信号，此时需要将太阳能组件与外接设备的连接关系断开，避免人员破坏太阳能组件时被高压电伤害。而声波信号的强度没有超过预设的强度，则可以判定环境处于正常状态，因此此时可以保持太阳能组件与外接设备的连接状态。本示例性实施例中，采集环境特征信号的设备为拾音器，对应的采集的环境特征信号为声波信号；在其他示例性实施例中，采集环境特征信号的设备还可以是烟感报警器或者温度传感器；烟感报警器采集的环境特征信号是环境中的烟雾颗粒浓度，温度传感器采集的环境特征信号是环境的温度。
相应的，微控制器中存储的预配置的触发信号应该是对应的烟雾颗粒浓度或者温度。具体的，当烟雾颗粒浓度超过预配置烟雾颗粒浓度阈值，或者温度超过预配置的温度阈值时，切断太阳能组件与外接设备的连接状态。
在其他示例性实施例中，可以通过同时监控声波信号、烟雾颗粒浓度和温度中的至少两种，确定是否控制太阳能组件通断电。具体的，如果声波信号超过预设强度阈值，烟雾颗粒浓度超过预配置烟雾颗粒浓度阈值，温度超过预配置的温度阈值，则判定环境特征信号与预配置的触发信号匹配。
本示例性实施例中，当出现火灾等突发状况时，可以根据监测的环境信号的特征(具体为环境特征信号的强度或者是否有特定的信号类型)产生触发控制太阳能组件与外接设备断开连接的触发信号，使太阳能组件与外接设备断开连接。因为环境特征信号与火灾等突发状况直接相关，并且被突发状况干扰的概率较小，所以采用其作为相应控制信号的安全性较高。
图9是示出根据本公开的另一示例性实施例的控制太阳能组件与外接设备通断电的方法的流程图。如图9所示，在另一示例性实施例中，前述方法包括步骤S201-S205。
S201：采集声波信号。
S202：判定声波信号的强度是否超过预设强度阈值；如果声波信 号的强度超过预设强度阈值，执行S203；如果声波信号的强度没有超过预设强度阈值，执行S205。
S203：判定声波信号是否包含预配置频率的声波信号；如果包含预配置频率的信号，执行S204；如果不包含预配置频率的信号，执行S205。
S204：切断太阳能组件与外接设备的连接。
S205：保持太阳能组件与外接设备的连接。
在本示例性实施例中，采集的环境特征信号也是声波信号，相应的环境信号采集器也是拾音器。当拾音器采集到声波信号并发送给微控制器后，微控制器首先判定声波信号的强度。
如果声波信号的强度没有超过预设强度阈值，则微控制器可以判定环境中没有高分贝的声音，也就没有相应的报警信息。而如果声波信号的强度超过预设强度阈值，则微控制器判定环境中包含高分贝的声音，而环境中出现高分贝噪声时发生诸如火灾等意外情况的概率很大。
随后，微控制器判定环境特征信号中是否包含预配置频率的声波信号；如果包括预配置频率的声波信号，则判定出现火警报警信号，证明出现火灾状况，此时执行S204以切断太阳能组件与外接设备的连接。
本示例性实施例中，微控制器中判定声波信号强度的模块可以一直处在工作状态，而判定声波信号中是否包含预配置频率声波信号的模块可以处于待机低耗状态；只有当判定声波信号强度的模块发出触发信号后，判定声波信号中包含预配置频率声波信号的模块才被触发开启。如此，微控制器的功耗可以较低，减少电能的消耗。
当然，在其他示例性实施例中，也可以同时采用本示例性实施例提供的监控声波的步骤、上一实施例提供的监控烟雾颗粒浓度和温度的步骤，形成同时监控声波信号与烟雾颗粒浓度、同时监控声波信号与温度、或者同时监控这三种信号的方法。
以上描述仅为本公开的较佳实施例以及对所运用技术原理的说明。本领域技术人员应当理解，本公开中所涉及的公开范围，并不限于上述技术特征的特定组合而形成的技术方案，同时也应涵盖在不脱离上述公开构思的情况下，由上述技术特征或其等同特征进行任意组合而形成的其它技术方案。例如上述特征与本公开中公开的(但不限于)具有类似功能的技术特征进行互相替换而形成的技术方案。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种控制太阳能组件通断电的装置，包括：
    微控制器；
    采集装置，所述采集装置与所述微控制器电连接，并且构造为采集状态信息并将采集到的所述状态信息发送到所述微控制器；以及
    开关组件，所述开关组件与所述微控制器和所述太阳能组件电连接，并且构造为根据所述微控制器接收到的所述状态信息控制所述太阳能组件的通断电。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的控制太阳能组件通断电的装置，其中，所述状态信息是所述太阳能组件本身的状态信息。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的控制太阳能组件通断电的装置，还包括通信装置，其中，所述通信装置与所述微控制器连接，并且构造为将所述微控制器与外部终端进行通信连接。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的控制太阳能组件通断电的装置，还包括电源，其中，
    所述电源分别与所述采集装置、所述微控制器、所述通信装置和所述开关组件电连接；并且
    所述太阳能组件与所述电源电连接，并且构造为对所述电源充电。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的控制太阳能组件通断电的装置，其中，所述微控制器包括控制指令解析装置，所述控制指令解析装置与所述通信装置电连接，并且构造为将所述通信装置接收到的控制信号转换为控制指令。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的控制太阳能组件通断电的装置，其中， 所述装置构造为：
    所述采集装置包括温度采集装置，所述微控制器包括温度比较器和第一开关控制信号生成器，所述温度采集装置、所述温度比较器、所述第一开关控制信号生成器和所述开关组件依次电连接；和/或
    所述采集装置包括电压检测装置，所述微控制器包括电压比较器和第二开关控制信号生成器，所述电压检测装置与所述太阳能组件电连接，所述电压检测装置、所述电压比较器、所述第二开关控制信号生成器和所述开关组件依次电连接；和/或
    所述采集装置包括电流检测装置，所述微控制器包括电流比较器和第三开关控制信号生成器，所述电流检测装置与所述太阳能组件电连接，所述电流检测装置、所述电流比较器、所述第三开关控制信号生成器和所述开关组件依次电连接。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的控制太阳能组件通断电的装置，其中，所述状态信息是所述太阳能组件所处环境中与安全相关的环境特征信号。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的控制太阳能组件通断电的装置，其中，
    所述采集装置是环境信号采集器，
    所述环境信号采集器采集所述太阳能组件所处环境中与安全相关的环境特征信号，并将所述环境特征信号传输给所述微控制器，
    所述微控制器的信号输入端与所述环境信息采集器的信号输出端电连接，所述微控制器的信号输出端与所述开关组件电连接，并且所述微控制器包括强度比较器，
    所述开关组件的两个连接端分别构造为与太阳能组件和外接设备电连接，并且切换太阳能组件与外接设备之间的通断连接。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的控制太阳能组件通断电的装置，其中，
    所述环境信号采集器包括拾音器，
    所述强度比较器的输入端与所述拾音器的输出端电连接，所述强 度比较器的输出端与所述开关组件电连接。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的控制太阳能组件通断电的装置，其中，
    所述微控制器还包括音频识别器，
    所述音频识别器的输入端与所述强度比较器的输出端电连接，所述音频识别器的输出端与所述开关组件电连接。
  11. 根据权利要求8至10中任一项所述的控制太阳能组件通断电的装置，其中，
    所述环境信号采集器包括烟感报警器，
    所述强度比较器的输入端与所述烟感报警器电连接。
  12. 根据权利要求8至11中任一项所述的控制太阳能组件通断电的装置，其中，
    所述环境信号采集器包括温度传感器，
    所述强度比较器的输入端与所述温度传感器电连接。
  13. 根据权利要求8-10中任一项所述的控制太阳能组件通断电的装置，其中，
    所述开关组件包括单刀双掷开关，
    所述单刀双掷开关的动端和第一不动端均构造为与外接设备连接，
    所述单刀双掷开关的第二不动端构造为与所述太阳能组件的输出端连接。
  14. 一种太阳能组件系统，包括：太阳能组件以及与所述太阳能组件相连接并控制所述太阳能组件通断电的装置，其中所述装置包括：
    微控制器；
    采集装置，所述采集装置与所述微控制器电连接，并且构造为采集状态信息并将采集到的所述状态信息发送到所述微控制器；以及
    开关组件，所述开关组件与所述微控制器和所述太阳能组件电连接，并且构造为根据所述微控制器接收到的所述状态信息控制所述太阳能组件的通断电。
  15. 一种控制太阳能组件通断电的方法，包括如下步骤：
    采集太阳能组件所处环境中与环境安全度相关的环境特征信号；
    判定所述环境特征信号与预配置的触发信号是否匹配；
    如果环境特征信号与预配置的触发信号匹配，则切断太阳能组件与外接设备的连接。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的控制太阳能组件通断电的方法，其中，
    所述环境特征信号包括声波信号、烟雾颗粒浓度、温度中的至少一种；
    判定所述环境特征信号与预配置的触发信号是否匹配的步骤包括：
    判定所述声波信号的强度是否超过预设强度阈值，和/或判定所述烟雾颗粒度浓度是否超过预配置的烟雾颗粒浓度阈值，和/或判定所述温度是否超过预配置的温度阈值；
    如果所述声波信号的强度超过预设强度阈值，和/或所述烟雾颗粒度浓度超过预配置的烟雾颗粒浓度阈值，和/或所述温度超过预配置的温度阈值，则判定所述环境特征信号与预配置的触发信号匹配。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的控制太阳能组件通断电的方法，其中，
    所述环境特征信号包括声波信号；
    如果所述声波信号的强度超过预设强度阈值，则判定所述环境特征信号与预配置的触发信号匹配的步骤包括：
    如果所述声波信号的强度超过预设强度阈值，则判定所述声波信号是否包括预配置频率的信号；
    如果所述声波信号包含预配置频率的信号，则判定所述环境特征信号与预配置的触发信号匹配。
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