WO2019200416A1

WO2019200416A1 - Apparatus for cleaning bodies of water

Info

Publication number: WO2019200416A1
Application number: PCT/AT2019/000013
Authority: WO
Inventors: Franz Frey
Original assignee: Franz Frey
Priority date: 2018-04-20
Filing date: 2019-04-23
Publication date: 2019-10-24
Also published as: EP3784837A1

Abstract

In an apparatus for cleaning bodies of water by (1) removal of objects, present substantially in a solid or viscous state, floating therein, the apparatus comprising a skimmer chamber (6), which is provided with a flap (7) and is secured on floats, and also comprising at least one removal apparatus (12), which has its intake opening arranged in the skimmer chamber (6), the flap (7), possibly having an adjustable opening width, is coupled to an end region of a chain scraper (2), which is arranged in particular in an inclined manner outside the skimmer chamber (6), wherein an inclination of the chain scraper (2) is set by a spindle (10), which has one end secured, possibly in an adjustable manner, on a buoy (11) and has the other end secured at an end of the chain scraper (2) which is directed away from the skimmer chamber (6), and wherein the skimmer chamber (6) is coupled, possibly with the interposition of at least one removal apparatus, the discharge end of which opens out in at least one separate treatment tank (14) for the objects which are present in a solid or viscous state.

Description

DEVICE FOR CLEANING WATERS

The present invention relates to an apparatus for purifying waters by removing objects floating therein, substantially in solid or viscous state, comprising a flappered skimmer chamber fixed to floats, and at least one discharge device having its suction opening disposed in the skimmer chamber ,

The contamination of bodies of water, such as lakes, oceans or rivers, by articles floating therein, essentially in a solid state of aggregation or in a viscous state, such as organic residues, plastics or even heavy oil, has increased more and more in recent years. For example, there are already "islands" of plastic waste in oceans that drift on the surface or just below the surface, posing an eminent threat to the environment.Fish and marine animals eat to a certain extent these plastics, which can not be metabolised and therefore also However, the health impairment of marine animals and consequently also of humans by such plastics is enormous, and in particular also due to heavy oil residues or crude oil residues trapped or accumulated in them The elimination of plastics and oil from the sea is a difficult task, as it is known to bind heavy oil with binders so that it sinks either to the bottom of the sea or then discounted Even oil barriers, which are supposed to prevent further spread of oil on the water surface, have long been known. With regard to plastics, attempts are being made to remove them from the waters, for example with nets or river barriers, whereby such devices can only remove very limited amounts of plastic residues floating in the waters. In addition, e.g. Nets with which the waste is to be removed are also at risk of being caught in these fish or other aquatic animals and being removed from the water together with the waste.

From W02004 / 090238 A2, a skimmer has become known, which is designed for the removal of floating oil on the water, which receives with a brushed conveyor belt on the water floating oil and drops into a Sam melkammer. US 5,362,391 has become known a ship for receiving oil floating on the sea surface into which the oil floating on the sea surface by means of an endless conveyor belt, one end of which extends into the water and the other end of the collected oil into a collection container on the ship , is removed from the sea surface.

A disadvantage of such known devices is that only directly on the surface of waters floating oil can be taken, that viscous or solid objects that float just below the surface of the water can not be taken up and the devices therefore for the purification of water Of vis kosen and solid objects are not suitable because in particular plastic waste can float up to a few meters below the sea surface and therefore they can not be recorded with the known only working directly on the sea surface devices.

Because of the known inefficiencies of existing removal processes, as well as devices which can remove both surface water floating plastic waste and viscous liquids, such as crude oil or various refined crude oil fractions, there remains a need for a device to have available, with which quickly and efficiently large quantities of solid or viscous objects or products can be removed from the surface of waters or near-surface strata of waters.

The present invention thus aims to provide such a device, with which it is possible not only to remove large amounts of solid and viscous objects or materials from water surfaces, but in particular to ensure a virtually residue-free removal of such materials ,

To solve this problem, the device according to the invention is essentially characterized in that the optionally an adjustable opening aufwei send flap is coupled to one end of a skimmer, in particular ge inclined arranged Bandräumers that a tendency of the Bandräumers by a at one end to a Buoy, optionally adjustable, and set at the other end of an end facing away from the Skimmerkammer end of the band clearer spindle is set, that optionally between the on the flap of the Skimmerkammer arranged end of Bandräumers and Skimmerkammer a crushing device is arranged and that the Skimmerkammer, optionally with the interposition of at least one discharge device, with at least one separate treatment container for the present in solid or viscous state objects coupled. By the device for cleaning waters is designed so that the Skimmerklappe known from conventional skimmers is coupled to one end of a Skimmerkammer outside the Skimmerkammer, in particular inclined Bandräumers succeeds floating in the water or floating objects or viscous liquids with the To convey Bandräumer into the interior of Skimmerkammer, without necessarily a flow of contaminated liquid would be required and the Skimmerkammer if it is even moved, only by the device, such as a ship, pontoon, platform or the like., To which it is fixed , is moved.

Furthermore, if, as in accordance with an embodiment of the invention, the belt reamer is disposed inclined, also a water area is reached which not only lies directly on the surface, but also near-surface layers, e.g. up to a depth of 10 m, so that, in particular when plastic islands of waste plastics are present in oceans or lakes, surface water strata can reliably be cleared of plastic waste with the device for cleaning waters. It is needless to say that textiles, organic materials or metal objects, such as e.g. Cans are understood. Further, by adjusting an incline of the belt reamer through a spindle fixed at one end to a buoy and at the other end to an end of the belt clearer remote from the skimmer chamber, the belt reamer can be arranged to have a corresponding inclination to even in deeper layers to reach floating plastics or waste. According to a preferred embodiment, the spindle is adjustably adjustable in length, so that the inclination of the belt reamer and also the desired immersion depth of the belt clearer can be adjusted during operation as required to best suit the local conditions.

With the help of the belt clearer, the solid waste or plastics or else viscous liquids floating in the waters or floating on the surface of the waters, if appropriate after passing through an end of the belt clearer arranged at the flap of the skimmer chamber, and the skimmer Chamber arranged crushing device into the interior of the skimmer chamber promotes ge, where it optionally opens with the interposition of at least one discharge device whose ejection end in at least one separate treatment container for plastic, can be removed from the skimmer in turn. The Abför dervorrichtung can in this case consist of a pump, a mammal pump, pressure chamber or a vacuum tank, with which the plastics collected in the skimmer by a pressure change, in particular a vacuum or suction pressure in a Aufberei processing tank or a treatment chamber sucked and promoted. However, such a discharge by means of a mammalian pump can only be ensured if in the skimmer chamber in addition to the removed viscous or solid waste a sufficient amount of water, which is ensured by the intended skimmer flap, which ensures an influx of water. With such a device it is possible, on the one hand by the continuous running of the belt clearer, to convey a large amount of wastes located in the water, such as plastics, organic materials, metals, etc., which float near the surface, into a skimmer chamber and thus to remove it from the system and on the other hand, viscous material, such as heavy oil or crude oil, which also floats on the water surface, can be removed from waters such as rivers, lakes or seas by the concrete training by means of an inclined belt clearer.

The fact that the device is also buoyant, it may for example be hinged to ships and thus be brought directly on site and also with the ship during operation, if necessary procedures to suck, for example, on the sea driving waste islands made of plastics or the like or collect.

In order to ensure, in particular, that in the waters driving debris is not flushed during conveyance of the belt reamer, the invention is further developed such that a band of Bandräumers numbers with a plurality of takers, in particular combs is provided. By the band of the band clearer is provided with a plurality of drivers, in particular combs, it is possible, regardless of whether they are viscous materials or plastics, textiles or metal parts, safely take the impurities floating in the water and into the interior of the Skimmerkammer to promote. It is of course irrelevant whether the drivers, in particular the combs of steel, stainless steel or plastic are made, as long as they are not subjected during operation to excessive wear or caused by the environment corrosion. As this corresponds to a development of the invention, the drivers are inclined or angled to a vertical, preferably inclined in the direction of the flap of the skimmer. This also ensures that during transport of the collected waste they can not slide down again by the Bandräumer due to the movement of Bandräumers or can be washed down and thus manages to maximize the performance of the device.

To ensure at the same time that a dropping of the collected objects or viscous materials into the interior of the Skimmerkammer takes place with certainty, the invention is further developed such that inside the Skimmerkammer cooperating with the combs of Bandräumers, in particular resilient Ab is arranged. With the help of such a scraper on the band accumulated accumulated objects or viscous materials are completely removed from the band clearer and ensure that even when the band clearer to its deflection no waste materials can be entrained and thus can be performed on the belt reamer in the circuit , For a particularly efficient Verhin countries entrainment of stuck on the scraper waste a cleaning device with at least one cleaning nozzle is further provided by which at least one cleaning nozzle, a jet of fluid cleaning material, such as water or compressed air, is directed to the scraper to this to get rid of stuck impurities.

In particular, to be able to provide a uniform and above all in relation to the rotational speed of the belt clearer drive available, the invention He further developed to the effect that a drive of the belt clearer in a pulley of the belt clearer, in particular the flap of the skimmer chamber facing pulley or over the skimmer chamber is arranged.

In order to remove deeper layers of impurities from the waters, the inclination of the band clearer in a range of 3 ° and 65 °, in particular 5 ° and 45 ° from the horizontal in the direction of the bottom of the water is adjustable. The setting succeeds here, for example, by an adjusting spindle, which is connected at one end to the belt reamer and connected at the other end with a buoyant buoy, at which at the buoy end end an adjustment of the length the spindle can be made and thus an adjustment of the inclination of the belt reamer.

The Bandräumer acts here with the Skimmerkammer together such that a Skim mer, which is associated with floats, with their help stable on the water surface can float, without having to be feared that he due to, for example, shocks, swell or other influences its location device is filled by means of the belt clearer with waste and water through the flap of the skimmer so that are thrown into the interior of the Skimmerkammer plastic waste or other pollutants or waste components, which are collected from the waters. It is needless to say that the Skimmerklappe is of course movable and is closed in particular when at rest. The skimmer chamber is in this case preferably arranged on the skimmer so that essentially only surface water flows into it and in particular under the skimmer flap a tub-shaped skimmer container is present, in which, for example, pumped-off and / or already comminuted plastic materials or viscous materials can be collected.

Since in particular floating plastic waste in the sea can have an extremely different size and to ensure smooth functioning of Abfördervorrich device, the invention is further developed to the effect that an ejection end of the crushing device opens above a water present in the skimmer chamber water. Such a design ensures that the plastic waste is crushed and discharged into the skimmer chamber. If the discharge device is designed as a mammalian pump in addition to the shredded waste always a sufficient amount of water must be present so that a dry running of the pump can be obstructed. A particularly good shredding of the waste can be achieved by the crushing device is designed as a two-shaft crushing system as in a further development of the invention and that a hydraulic pressure system is provided for shredding objects.

In order to prevent this skimmer chamber from filling up excessively during operation and, for example, forcing the skimmers into a batchwise operation, a skimming chamber is further connected to the skimmer chamber, which has an optimum or optimized ratio of the amount of accumulated materials or objects and water adjusts or forms and continuously promotes the contents of the skimmer chamber directly on, for example, arranged on a vessel treatment tank to make there a purification of the collected materials can.

One way of training a separate treatment tank is example, the training of the same as a drainage pan. Such a drainage pan can in this case be a trough-shaped container, which, as a further education of the invention corresponds, is designed so that the treatment tank is covered with a perforated plate, in particular releasably fixed perforated plate and that the preparation vessel optionally with a funding for solid and / or viscous objects is associated. With such a type of treatment tank, in principle, the procedure is such that the waste collected in the skimmer chamber, in particular waste plastics, is removed from the skimmer chamber by means of a mammalian pump and pumped onto the treatment tank. By optionally arranged on the surface of the treatment container conveying the collected waste or viscous objects are conveyed along the length of the preparation container, wherein water flows through the provided on the surface of the treatment container perforated plate into the interior of and from there back into the sea can be directed. By preferably a releasably fixed perforated plate is provided, it is possible depending on the waste to be separated a perforated plate with holes that use a suitable diameter, which can be chosen between 0.5 and 500 mm. Furthermore, the perforated plate can also be formed so that it is a sheet with holes of different sizes or, as is preferred, a plurality of sheets are arranged above each other, of which the sheet with the holes of the smallest diameter furthest from which is located away from a free surface. By now, for example, in operation, the conveyor for solid and / or viscous objects in turn provided with drivers, in particular combs or brushes, plastic objects deposited on the surface of the hole are taken from the conveyor to the end of the belt conveyor or conveyor and from there, for example dropped into a collection container. The collecting container can subsequently be moved, for example by being mounted on rails, as soon as it is full and replaced by a new collecting container. In order to ensure that the holes of the perforated plate are not routed through waste, the device may be developed such that under the perforated plate tubes are provided with nozzles disposed therein, through which nozzles a pressurized fluid medium, such as water or compressed air on the perforated plate is applied from the side facing away from the waste. By such a pressurization with a fluid medium, the holes of the perforated plate laying waste particles, such as plastic or heavy oil removed from the holes, eg blown out and eg by the belt conveyor or the wipers defined on this; like combs or brushes, taken away.

According to another embodiment of the invention, the treatment tank may be formed so that the treatment tank is formed as a closed on at least one side wall with a releasably fixed perforated plate collecting container and that in the collection container optionally another band clearer for substantially solid and / or viscous objects is arranged. In this embodiment of the treatment container, the waste is dropped directly into the container, where it is conveyed by means of a conveyor to the collecting container. The water produced during the separation of the waste flows through the intended perforated plate, the holes of which again have a diameter of between 0.5 and 500 mm, into a pure water container provided for this purpose. Also in this embodiment, pipes with nozzles arranged therein can be provided in the clean water tank behind the perforated sheet, through which nozzles a pressurized fluid medium, such as water or compressed air, is applied to the perforated sheet from the side facing away from the waste. By such pressurization with a fluid medium, the waste particles laying the holes of the perforated plate, such as e.g. Plastic or heavy oil removed from the holes, e.g. blown out and e.g. from the belt conveyor or the wipers thereon; like combs or brushes, taken away.

According to another embodiment of the invention, the device is designed so that the discharge device is designed as a pressure vessel, in particular vacuum container whose discharge end opens in a preparation for solid and / or viscous objects. By the discharge device is designed as a pressure vessel, in particular Unterdruckbe container whose discharge end opens in a preparation for solid and / or viscous objects, it is possible to suck away waste together with sea, sea or river water in this pressure vessel by applying a negative pressure. As a result, sucked into the pressure vessel waste along with the To be able to separate this entrained water, a pressure change is made and the pressure vessel pressurized, causing the entrained water is squeezed out of the pressure vessel and as a result, the waste material example, blown for processing or can be pressed out.

According to a development of this device, it can be designed such that the at least one discharge device consists of at least two pressure vessels, which may be mounted on the skimmer chamber, which are interactively pressurized with compressed air and compressed air. By providing at least two pressure vessels interacting with vacuum and pressurized air, the process can be carried out continuously, so that downtime due to the alternate pressurization of the chamber is safely arrested.

For discharging the collected in the skimmer chamber waste or plastic residues is proceeded according to the present invention, that the at least one discharge device is mounted on the skimmer chamber hydraulically or pneumatically driven positive displacement pump. By using such a discharge device, a continuous stable and in particular high-performance discharge device can be made available which has extremely low or extremely short downtimes.

According to another embodiment of the invention, the at least one Abförder device may be a hinged to the skimmer chamber pressure vessel or a vacuum container. With such a device in the skimmer chamber collected plastic waste or oil residues can be applied safely and reliably, continuously to the respective treatment for plastics and oils.

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to embodiments shown in the drawing. In this show

1 shows schematically a skimmer chamber with belt conveyor according to the invention,

Fig. 2 shows an embodiment of a treatment container according to the invention and

Fig. 3 is a schematic representation of another embodiment of the Skimmerkammer with

Belt conveyor according to the invention.

In Fig. 1, a part of a device for cleaning waters 1 is shown schematically in a body of water, which is a largely arranged in water Bandräumer 2 is driven according to the part 3 to a circulating movement. at 1, the drive of the belt reamer 2 is in this case arranged in the interior of the deflection roller 4 and not shown. Arranged on the surface of the strip remover 2 are a plurality of dogs 5, which in FIG. 1 are combs which enclose with the strip scraper 2 substantially at an angle of 90 °. The belt reamer 2 is in this case positioned so that its discharge end is arranged in the interior of a skimmer chamber 6, wherein the belt skimmer 2 projects through the flap 7 of the skimmer chamber 6 into the interior of the skimmer chamber 6. In operation, waste, such as plastic waste or heavy oil residues now adhere to the combs 5 of the stripper 2 or get caught on these and when the band of the stripper 2 runs around the deflection roller 4, dropped into the interior of the skimmer chamber 6. To ensure that this takes place in complete discarding or stripping the entrained objects or heavy oil residues, a scraper 8 is further provided inside the Skimmerkammer 6, with which the combs 5 of the stripper 2 are cleaned. 23 schematically denotes a nozzle lance, with which a fluid medium, in particular water or air or a mixture thereof, is sprayed or conducted onto the scraper 8 in order to safely remove plastic residues left hanging on the scraper 8.

In order to collect not only directly on the surface of the water schematically 9 schwim mende objects, the belt reamer 2 is connected at its end facing away from the skimmer chamber 6 by means of a spindle 10 with a buoy 11. The connection of the spindle 10 with the buoy 1 1 can be fixed, so that the belt reamer 2 has a predetermined inclination, or it can be an adjusting spindle 10, with which the inclination of the belt clearer can be adjusted, so that in near-surface layers of water 9 floating objects can be collected with the belt cleaner 2.

After dropping the impurities, in particular the plastic objects or heavy oil residues from the Bandräumer 2 in the Skimmerkammer 6, these objects are subsequently removed with the help of a special discharge device 12 from the Skim merkammer 6 and corresponding to the arrow 13 shown schematically a refurbishment or separation of Waste and water subjected.

It is needless to say that the discharge device can hereby be arranged arbitrarily either as a pump, a mammalian pump, a pressure vessel and / or a vacuum 12, and also a pressure chamber with which removal of the stripped objects from the skimmer chamber 6 can likewise be realized. FIG. 2 schematically shows a treatment tank 14 for wastes collected in the skimmer chamber 6. The treatment tank 14 here consists of a trough 15, which is covered with a perforated plate 16. The perforated plate 16 is in this case designed so that it is releasably fixed to the treatment tank. Depending on the requirements, at least one suitable perforated plate can then be used in operation, depending on the use of the holes have a diameter between 0.5 and 500 mm, in order to transport away from the collected waste water can be safely. Of course, a plurality of perforated plates, which have different hole sizes from each other or special plates with different sized holes can be used. The water flowing into the container 15 is discharged in the form shown via discharge openings 17 into the open air and returned to the water to be purified. On the processing tank 14, a conveyor 18 is further arranged, with wel chem applied by the at least one discharge device 12 via line 13 according to the arrow 19 shown schematically on the conveyor 18 wastes applied together with the co-funded water. The conveyor now transports the waste along the arrow 20 and throws the waste into a drip tray 21 shown schematically. The drip pan 21 may in this case, for example, on rails, which are indicated schematically at 22, be arranged and be transported abtrans after filling and the plastics are either a combustion, disposal or other processing are supplied. Due to the special design of the conveying means, in particular with a perforated conveyor belt, the water trapped between the wastes, in particular waste plastics or heavy oil waste, passes through the conveying means 18 during transport in the direction of the arrow 20 and is discharged into the drainage trough.

Even with the conveying means 18, it is advantageous to provide a nozzle lance, not shown here, with which a fluid medium, in particular water or air or a mixture thereof, is sprayed or conducted onto a wiper, also not shown, in order to reliably secure waste residues stuck to this wiper to remove.

1, the reference numerals of FIG. 1 have been retained and only those parts will be described in the following, which are not shown in FIG. are bar. Specifically, instead of the scraper 8 a schematically illustrated Zerklei nerungsvorrichtung 24 is provided, the ejection end 25 is arranged so that it opens above a maximum present in the skimmer chamber water level. In such a comminution device 24, the Abgewor fenen of the stripper 2 fenen viscose or solid plastic waste are introduced, there crushed to a certain or smallest possible size and discharged into the skimmer chamber. It is needless to say that the water level in the skimmer chamber is freely adjustable and that preferably only so much water is allowed to flow in order to ensure a safe discharge of the shredded waste through the discharge device 12, which is preferably designed as a mammal pump. As is known, to operate safely, mammal pumps should not run dry, so that always a certain amount of liquid must be transported simultaneously with the shredded waste.

The determination of Skimmerklappe 7 on the belt reamer 2 is indicated schematically at 26, which is formed for example in the form of attacking on both side cheeks of Bandräumers 2 claws 26, on the one hand allow a free movement of the Bandräumers without the Skimmerklappe 7 is impaired as such and on the other hand can be designed so that they are formed variable in length, for example, to withstand too large an opening angle of Skimmerklappe 7 with certainty, especially if the inclination of Bandräumers 2 must be changed depending on the waste to be removed.

In this case, the comminuting device 24 can be designed, for example, as a two-shaft comminution system, in which the plastic waste is torn between two shafts, wherein, in addition to such a design, a hydraulic holding system, not shown in the FIGURE, must be provided in order to ensure that that the plastics do not escape unintentionally from the comminution device 24, but are conveyed between the waves with certainty.

With such a device, it is possible to quickly and easily collect water in front of impurities present on the one hand from the waters and dispose of excess water so far that they can be fed to a workup without excessive volumes of water are entrained. Due to the fact that such a device can be arranged, for example, on ships, such as containers, freighters or the like, or can be associated or coupled with them a large amount of impurities are disposed of in one operation from, for example, the sea, without the use of any chemicals would be required.

Claims

Patent claim:

Device for purifying waters by (1) removing objects floating therein, substantially in solid or viscous state, comprising a skimmer chamber (6) provided with a flap (7) fixed to floats and at least one of its suction openings in the water Skimmerkammer (6) arranged discharging device (12), characterized in that optionally an adjustable opening width having flap (7) with an end portion of a skimmer chamber outside the (6), in particular inclined arranged Bandräumers (2) is coupled, that an inclination the belt remover (2) by a at one end to a buoy (1 1), optionally adjustable, and at the other end at one of the Skimmerkammer (6) facing away from the end of Bandräumers (2) fixed spindle (10) is set and that the Skimmerkammer (6), optionally with the interposition of at least one discharge device whose ejection end in at least one em separate treatment container (14) for the present in solid or viscous state objects opens, is coupled.

2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that a band of the belt is provided (2) with a plurality of carriers (5), in particular combs.

3. A device according to claim 2, characterized in that the drivers (5) inclined to a vertical or angled, preferably in the direction of the flap (7) of the Skimmerkammer (6) are inclined.

4. Apparatus according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that a drive of the belt clearer (2) in a deflection roller (4) of the belt clearer (2), in particular of the flap (7) of the skimmer chamber (6) facing the deflection roller (4 ) or above the skimmer chamber (6).

5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that in the interior of the Skimmerkammer (6) with one of the combs of the Bandräumers (2) cooperating, in particular resilient scraper (8) is arranged.

6. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the inclination of the Bandräumers (2) in a range between 3 ⁰ and 65 °, in particular 5 ° and 45 ⁰ from the horizontal towards the bottom of the body of water is adjustable.

7. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that an ejection end (25) of the crushing device (24) opens above a water level present in the skimmer chamber.

8. Device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the crushing device (24) is designed as a two-shaft crushing system and that a hydraulic Nachdrucksystem is provided for to be shredded objects.

9. Device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the at least one separate treatment container (14) is designed as a drainage pan.

10. The device according to claim 9, characterized in that the treatment container (14) with a perforated plate (16), in particular releasably fixed perforated plate is covered and that the treatment container (14) optionally with a conveying means (18) for solid and / or viscous Objects is associated.

1 1. Apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that the treatment container (14) as a at least one side wall with a, in particular releasably fixed perforated plate (16) closed collecting container is formed and that in the collecting container, if appropriate, another belt reamer (2) is arranged for substantially solid and / or viscous objects.

12. Device according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the at least one discharge device (12) as a pressure vessel, preferably vacuum tank or vacuum chamber is formed, the discharge end opens in a preparation for solid and / or viscous objects.

13. The device according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the at least one discharge device (12) is designed as a pressure vessel, preferably vacuum tank or vacuum chamber, the discharge end opens via a treatment for solid and / or viscous objects.

14. The device according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the at least one discharge device (12) to the skimmer chamber (6) mounted hydraulically or pneumatically operated pump, in particular mammal pump or positive displacement pump.

15. The apparatus according to claim 10, characterized in that the at least one discharge device (12) of at least two to the skimmer chamber (6) mounted pressure vessel is formed, which are interactively acted upon by vacuum and compressed air.