WO2019198730A1 - ガスタービンの制御装置及びガスタービン並びにガスタービンの制御方法 - Google Patents

ガスタービンの制御装置及びガスタービン並びにガスタービンの制御方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019198730A1
WO2019198730A1 PCT/JP2019/015527 JP2019015527W WO2019198730A1 WO 2019198730 A1 WO2019198730 A1 WO 2019198730A1 JP 2019015527 W JP2019015527 W JP 2019015527W WO 2019198730 A1 WO2019198730 A1 WO 2019198730A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
value
gas turbine
command value
output
threshold
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Ceased
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PCT/JP2019/015527
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English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
一茂 高木
昭彦 齋藤
竜児 竹中
好史 岩▲崎▼
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Mitsubishi Power Ltd
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Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems Ltd
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Application filed by Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems Ltd filed Critical Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems Ltd
Priority to KR1020207021463A priority Critical patent/KR102273982B1/ko
Priority to DE112019000330.5T priority patent/DE112019000330B4/de
Priority to US16/962,644 priority patent/US11359553B2/en
Priority to CN201980010512.7A priority patent/CN111684150B/zh
Publication of WO2019198730A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019198730A1/ja
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C9/00—Controlling gas-turbine plants; Controlling fuel supply in air- breathing jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C9/26—Control of fuel supply
    • F02C9/28—Regulating systems responsive to plant or ambient parameters, e.g. temperature, pressure, rotor speed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C9/00—Controlling gas-turbine plants; Controlling fuel supply in air- breathing jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C9/26—Control of fuel supply
    • F02C9/32—Control of fuel supply characterised by throttling of fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2220/00—Application
    • F05D2220/30—Application in turbines
    • F05D2220/32—Application in turbines in gas turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2240/00—Components
    • F05D2240/35—Combustors or associated equipment
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2270/00—Control
    • F05D2270/01—Purpose of the control system
    • F05D2270/05—Purpose of the control system to affect the output of the engine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2270/00—Control
    • F05D2270/40—Type of control system
    • F05D2270/44—Type of control system active, predictive, or anticipative
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2270/00—Control
    • F05D2270/70—Type of control algorithm
    • F05D2270/701—Type of control algorithm proportional
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2270/00—Control
    • F05D2270/70—Type of control algorithm
    • F05D2270/703—Type of control algorithm integral
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2270/00—Control
    • F05D2270/70—Type of control algorithm
    • F05D2270/706—Type of control algorithm proportional-integral-differential

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to a gas turbine control device, a gas turbine, and a gas turbine control method.
  • the gas turbine may be required to control the operation so as to change the output according to the fluctuation of the required load.
  • Patent Document 1 discloses a load of a gas turbine by feedback control based on a deviation between a target output calculated from a load request setting value and an actual generator output.
  • a control device for controlling is disclosed.
  • the target output of feedback control is determined based on a load setting value (LDSET) obtained according to the load request setting value. More specifically, for example, when the load request setting value increases stepwise, the load setting value (LDSET) gradually increases from the load request setting value before the change to the load request setting value after the change. ing.
  • LDSET load setting value
  • the load set value (LDSET) is increased while the load set value (LDSET) is gradually increasing as described above in order to quickly follow the generator output with respect to the change in the required load set value.
  • Feedback control is performed based on a target output obtained by adding a predetermined bias value to (LDSET).
  • the gas turbine may be required to be operated so as to rapidly increase the output when the plant is started.
  • it is necessary to rapidly increase the flow rate of fuel supplied to the combustor.
  • the fuel in the combustor tends to be excessive with respect to air.
  • the turbine inlet temperature tends to be high.
  • the turbine inlet temperature exceeds the design upper limit value, it may lead to damage of equipment constituting the gas turbine. Therefore, it is desired to suppress the turbine inlet temperature from being exceeded while realizing a rapid increase in the output of the gas turbine.
  • At least one embodiment of the present invention is directed to a gas turbine control device, a gas turbine, and a gas turbine control capable of achieving both rapid output increase of the gas turbine and prevention of excess turbine inlet temperature. It aims to provide a method.
  • a gas turbine control device includes: A target value calculation unit configured to calculate a control target value that is a target value of the output of the gas turbine; A command value calculator configured to calculate a fuel command value based on a deviation between the control target value and the actual output value of the gas turbine; With The target value calculation unit Immediately before the difference between the required output value of the gas turbine and the actual output value is equal to or less than a threshold, the control target value is set to a value larger than the required output value, After the difference becomes equal to or less than the threshold value, the control target value is configured to decrease from the value.
  • the control based on the control target value set as a value larger than the output request value is performed immediately before the difference between the output request value and the actual output value becomes equal to or less than the threshold value. Even after the control target value reaches the output request value, a large control deviation is ensured until the actual output value further approaches the output request value (that is, until the difference between the output request value and the actual output value becomes a threshold value). be able to. Thereby, the responsiveness of control can be improved.
  • the control target value when the difference between the requested output value and the actual output value is less than or equal to the threshold value, the control target value is decreased to decrease the control deviation, so that overshoot is suppressed.
  • the target value calculation unit When the bias addition condition including that the difference is greater than the threshold is satisfied, the control target value is calculated with the sum of the output request value and the bias value as an upper limit, When the bias addition condition is not satisfied, the control target value is calculated as a value smaller than the sum of the output request value and the bias value.
  • the control obtained by adding the bias value to the output request value when the difference between the output request value and the actual output value is larger than the threshold value (that is, until the difference becomes just before the threshold value), the control obtained by adding the bias value to the output request value. Since the control based on the target value is performed, even after the control target value reaches the output request value, the difference between the output request value and the actual output value is increased until the actual output value further approaches the output request value. A large control deviation can be secured until the threshold is reached. Thereby, the responsiveness of control can be improved. In the configuration of (2), when the difference between the output request value and the actual output value is less than or equal to the threshold value, the addition of the bias value at the time of calculating the control target value is canceled and the control target value is decreased.
  • control deviation Since the control deviation is reduced, it is possible to calculate the fuel command value so that the overshoot is suppressed, and to suppress the fuel flow rate supplied to the gas turbine from becoming excessive. Therefore, according to the configuration of (2) above, it is possible to achieve both rapid output increase of the gas turbine and prevention of excess turbine inlet temperature.
  • the target value calculation unit When the bias addition condition is satisfied, the control target value is increased at a constant rate toward the sum of the output request value and the bias value, When the bias addition condition is not satisfied, the control target value is decreased at a constant rate until the control target value reaches the output request value.
  • the control target value is increased or decreased at a constant rate, for example, compared with a case where the control target value is increased or decreased stepwise, the output of the gas turbine is drastically increased.
  • the change can be suppressed and damage to the gas turbine can be suppressed.
  • the bias addition condition is: Including a first condition in which the difference is greater than the threshold; A second condition in which an index of a turbine inlet temperature of the gas turbine is less than a threshold of the index; A third condition in which the opening degree of the inlet guide vane of the compressor of the gas turbine is less than full open; and It includes at least one of the fourth conditions in which the opening of the flow rate adjustment valve for adjusting the fuel flow rate of the gas turbine is less than the upper limit value.
  • Control based on the target value is performed. That is, when the difference between the required output value and the actual output value is greater than a threshold value, or whether the turbine inlet temperature is lower than a threshold value (for example, an upper limit value), or whether the opening degree of the inlet guide blade is less than full open.
  • a threshold value for example, an upper limit value
  • the control based on the control target value obtained by adding the bias value to the output request value is performed. Control responsiveness can be improved.
  • the opening degree of the flow rate adjusting valve reaches the upper limit value, the addition of the bias value at the time of calculation of the control target value is canceled, the control target value is decreased, and the control deviation is decreased. Therefore, the fuel command value can be calculated so as to suppress overshoot, and the fuel flow rate supplied to the gas turbine can be suppressed more reliably. Therefore, according to the configuration of the above (4), it is possible to more reliably suppress the turbine inlet temperature from being exceeded while enabling the rapid output increase of the gas turbine.
  • a threshold value for example, an upper limit value
  • the bias value is a constant value while the bias addition condition is satisfied.
  • the bias value since the bias value is constant while the bias addition condition is satisfied, the bias value can be easily managed.
  • the bias value is zero when the control target value is smaller than the output request value during a period when the bias addition condition is satisfied, and when the control target value is equal to or greater than the output request value. It is a positive value.
  • the difference between the output request value and the actual output value is relatively small during the period in which the bias addition condition is satisfied, and it is necessary to increase the control deviation by adding the bias value. Since the bias value is added to the output request value only during a period when the command value is large, it is more reliably suppressed that the fuel command value calculated by the command value calculation unit is excessive during the previous period. be able to. Therefore, it can suppress more reliably that the fuel flow volume supplied to a gas turbine becomes excess.
  • the bias value is set to gradually increase with time while the bias addition condition is satisfied.
  • the fuel command value calculated by the command value calculation unit is rapidly increased by gradually increasing the bias value to be added to the output request value. It is possible to suppress the increase. Therefore, it can suppress more reliably that the fuel flow volume supplied to a gas turbine becomes excess.
  • the command value calculation unit A feedback controller configured to receive an input signal based on the deviation and to calculate a feedback command value for calculating the fuel command value; When the difference between the output request value and the actual output value is equal to or less than the threshold value, the fuel command value is limited to be equal to or less than an upper limit command value that is the feedback command value when the difference reaches the threshold value.
  • a first upper limit setting unit configured as described above.
  • the fuel command value is less than or equal to the upper limit command value that is the feedback command value when the difference reaches the threshold value. Since the limiting is performed, it is possible to more reliably prevent the turbine inlet temperature from being exceeded.
  • the feedback controller is While calculating the feedback command value based on a proportional term and an integral term obtained from the deviation, When the difference between the output request value and the actual output value is equal to or less than the threshold value, the feedback command value is calculated by limiting an increase in the integral term.
  • the fuel command value is set to be equal to or less than the upper limit command value that is the feedback command value when the difference reaches the threshold value. Since the feedback command value is calculated while limiting the increase in the integral term, a phenomenon (windup) in which the control responsiveness decreases due to saturation of the integral calculation can be prevented.
  • the command value calculation unit A feedback controller configured to receive an input signal based on the deviation and to output a feedback command value for calculating the fuel command value;
  • a low value selector configured to calculate a minimum command value among the feedback command value and at least one other command value calculated separately from the feedback command value;
  • the fuel command value is less than or equal to an upper limit command value that is an output value of the low value selector when the difference reaches the threshold value.
  • a second upper limit setting unit configured to limit.
  • the fuel command value is determined based on the minimum command value among the feedback command value from the feedback controller and the command value calculated separately from the feedback command value, When the difference between the required output value and the actual output value is less than or equal to the threshold value, the fuel command value is limited to the upper limit command value that is the output value of the low value selector when the difference reaches the threshold value. Further, it is possible to more reliably suppress the turbine inlet temperature from being exceeded.
  • the command value calculation unit A feedback controller configured to receive an input signal based on the deviation and to output a feedback command value for calculating the fuel command value;
  • a deviation upper limit setting unit configured to limit the input signal of the feedback controller to zero when the difference between the output request value and the actual output value is equal to or less than the threshold value.
  • the input signal of the feedback controller is limited to zero. It can be surely suppressed.
  • a gas turbine includes: The control device according to any one of (1) to (11) above; A compressor for compressing air; A combustor for generating combustion gas by a combustion reaction between compressed air from the compressor and fuel; A turbine driven by the combustion gas from the combustor, The controller is configured to control the output of the turbine.
  • the control based on the control target value set as a value larger than the output request value is performed immediately before the difference between the output request value and the actual output value is equal to or less than the threshold value. Even after the control target value reaches the output request value, a large control deviation is ensured until the actual output value further approaches the output request value (that is, until the difference between the output request value and the actual output value becomes a threshold value). be able to. Thereby, the responsiveness of control can be improved.
  • the control target value when the difference between the required output value and the actual output value is equal to or less than the threshold value, the control target value is decreased to decrease the control deviation, so that overshoot is suppressed.
  • a method for controlling a gas turbine includes: Calculating a control target value that is a target value of the output of the gas turbine; Calculating a fuel command value based on a deviation between the control target value and an actual output value of the gas turbine; With In the step of calculating the control target value, Immediately before the difference between the required output value of the gas turbine and the actual output value is equal to or less than a threshold, the control target value is set to a value larger than the required output value, After the difference falls below the threshold, the control target value is decreased from the value.
  • the control based on the control target value set as a value larger than the output request value is performed immediately before the difference between the output request value and the actual output value becomes equal to or less than the threshold value. Even after the control target value reaches the output request value, a large control deviation is ensured until the actual output value further approaches the output request value (that is, until the difference between the output request value and the actual output value becomes a threshold value). be able to. Thereby, the responsiveness of control can be improved.
  • the control target value when the difference between the required output value and the actual output value is less than or equal to the threshold value, the control target value is decreased to decrease the control deviation, so that overshoot is suppressed.
  • control target value is calculated with the sum of the output request value and the bias value as an upper limit
  • the control target value is calculated as a value smaller than the sum of the output request value and the bias value.
  • the control obtained by adding the bias value to the output request value when the difference between the output request value and the actual output value is larger than the threshold value (that is, until immediately before the difference reaches the threshold value), the control obtained by adding the bias value to the output request value. Since the control based on the target value is performed, even after the control target value reaches the output request value, the difference between the output request value and the actual output value is increased until the actual output value further approaches the output request value. A large control deviation can be secured until the threshold is reached. Thereby, the responsiveness of control can be improved. In the method (14), when the difference between the requested output value and the actual output value is equal to or smaller than the threshold value, the addition of the bias value at the time of calculating the control target value is canceled and the control target value is decreased.
  • control deviation Since the control deviation is reduced, it is possible to calculate the fuel command value so that the overshoot is suppressed, and to suppress the fuel flow rate supplied to the gas turbine from becoming excessive. Therefore, according to the method (14), it is possible to achieve both rapid increase in output of the gas turbine and prevention of excess turbine inlet temperature.
  • the control target value is increased at a constant rate toward the sum of the output request value and the bias value
  • the control target value is decreased at a constant rate until the control target value reaches the output request value.
  • the control target value is increased or decreased at a constant rate.
  • the gas turbine output is drastically increased. The change can be suppressed and damage to the gas turbine can be suppressed.
  • the bias addition condition is: Including a first condition in which the difference is greater than the threshold; A second condition in which an index of a turbine inlet temperature of the gas turbine is less than a threshold of the index; A third condition in which the opening degree of the inlet guide vane of the compressor of the gas turbine is less than full open; and It includes at least one of the fourth conditions in which the opening of the flow rate adjustment valve for adjusting the fuel flow rate of the gas turbine is less than the upper limit value.
  • control obtained by adding the bias value to the output request value Control based on the target value is performed. That is, when the difference between the required output value and the actual output value is greater than a threshold value, or whether the turbine inlet temperature is lower than a threshold value (for example, an upper limit value), or whether the opening degree of the inlet guide blade is less than full open.
  • a threshold value for example, an upper limit value
  • the control based on the control target value obtained by adding the bias value to the output request value is performed. Control responsiveness can be improved.
  • the opening degree of the flow rate adjusting valve reaches the upper limit value, the addition of the bias value at the time of calculation of the control target value is canceled, the control target value is decreased, and the control deviation is decreased. Therefore, the fuel command value can be calculated so as to suppress overshoot, and the fuel flow rate supplied to the gas turbine can be suppressed more reliably. Therefore, according to the above method (16), it is possible to more reliably suppress the turbine inlet temperature from being exceeded while enabling the rapid output increase of the gas turbine.
  • a threshold value for example, an upper limit value
  • the step of calculating the fuel command value includes Calculating a feedback command value for calculating the fuel command value based on an input value based on the deviation; A step of limiting the fuel command value below an upper limit command value that is the feedback command value when the difference reaches the threshold when the difference between the output request value and the actual output value is less than or equal to the threshold; And including.
  • the fuel command value is set to be equal to or less than the upper limit command value that is a feedback command value when the difference reaches the threshold value. Since the limiting is performed, it is possible to more reliably prevent the turbine inlet temperature from being exceeded.
  • the feedback command value While calculating the feedback command value based on a proportional term and an integral term obtained from the deviation, When the difference between the output request value and the actual output value is less than or equal to the threshold value, the feedback command value is calculated while limiting an increase in the integral term.
  • the fuel command value is set to be equal to or less than the upper limit command value that is the feedback command value when the difference reaches the threshold value. Since the feedback command value is calculated while limiting the increase in the integral term, a phenomenon (windup) in which the control responsiveness decreases due to saturation of the integral calculation can be prevented.
  • the step of calculating the fuel command value includes Calculating a feedback command value for calculating the fuel command value based on an input value based on the deviation; Calculating a minimum command value among the feedback command value and at least one other command value calculated separately from the feedback command value; When the difference between the output request value and the actual output value is less than or equal to the threshold value, the upper limit command value that is the minimum command value calculated in the low value selection step when the difference reaches the threshold value And the step of limiting the fuel command value.
  • the fuel command value is determined based on the minimum command value among the feedback command value from the feedback controller and the command value calculated separately from the feedback command value,
  • the fuel command value is limited to the upper limit command value that is the output value of the low value selector when the difference reaches the threshold value. Further, it is possible to more reliably suppress the turbine inlet temperature from being exceeded.
  • the step of calculating the fuel command value includes Calculating a feedback command value for calculating the fuel command value based on an input value based on the deviation; Limiting the input value to zero in the step of calculating the feedback command value when the difference between the output request value and the actual output value is equal to or less than the threshold value.
  • the input signal of the feedback controller is limited to zero. It can be surely suppressed.
  • a gas turbine control device capable of achieving both rapid increase in power output of the gas turbine and prevention of excess turbine inlet temperature.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a gas turbine including a control device according to some embodiments.
  • FIG. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the control apparatus which concerns on one Embodiment. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the target value calculation part of the control apparatus which concerns on one Embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of the time change of each parameter which concerns on the output control of a gas turbine. It is a figure which shows an example of the time change of each parameter which concerns on the output control of a gas turbine. It is a figure which shows an example of the time change of each parameter which concerns on the output control of a gas turbine. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the control apparatus which concerns on one Embodiment.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a gas turbine including a control device according to some embodiments.
  • a gas turbine 1 is rotated by a combustion gas, a compressor 3 for compressing air, a combustor 4 for burning fuel (for example, natural gas) to generate combustion gas, and the combustion gas.
  • a turbine 5 configured to be driven and a control device 10 for controlling the output of the gas turbine 1 are provided.
  • Fuel (natural gas or the like) is supplied to the combustor 4 and compressed air from the compressor 3 is sent into the combustor 4.
  • the fuel is combusted using the compressed air as an oxidant to generate combustion gas. It is like that.
  • the flow rate of the fuel supplied to the combustor 4 can be adjusted by a flow rate adjusting valve 7 as a flow rate adjusting means.
  • a generator 8 is connected to the turbine 5 via a rotating shaft 6, and the generator 8 is driven by the rotational energy of the turbine 5 to generate electric power.
  • the combustion gas that has finished work in the turbine 5 is discharged from the turbine 5 as exhaust gas.
  • the electric power generated by the generator 8 may be transmitted to the electric power system via a circuit breaker or a transformer (not shown).
  • a value of power generated by the generator 8 (active power; actual output value of the generator or gas turbine) is measured by a measuring instrument (not shown) and fed back to the control device 10.
  • Controller 10 has a CPU and a memory (not shown), received on the basis of the actual output values P A and the like of the gas turbine 1, the command value of the flow rate of the fuel to be supplied to the combustor 4 (fuel command value F I ) is calculated. Then, the flow rate of fuel supplied to the combustor 4 is, to match the calculated fuel command value F I, is configured to adjust the opening of flow control valve 7. In this manner, the control device 10 controls the output of the gas turbine 1 (that is, control of the generator output).
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of the control device 10 according to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of the target value calculation unit of the control device 10 according to an embodiment.
  • 4 to 6 are diagrams each showing an example of a time change of each parameter related to output control of the gas turbine 1 when the gas turbine 1 is started.
  • the control device 10 includes a target value calculation unit 20 for calculating a control target value PT that is a target value of the output of the gas turbine 1, and a combustor of the gas turbine 1. a command value calculating section 30 for calculating a fuel command value F I according to the flow rate of fuel supplied to 4, and a.
  • Target value calculation unit 20 an output demand value P D of the gas turbine 1, the actual output value P A of the gas turbine 1, and, on the basis of the bias value b to be described later, is configured to calculate a control target value P T
  • the Command value calculating portion 30 is configured to calculate a control target value P T calculated by the target value calculation portion 20, the fuel command value F I on the basis of a deviation between the actual output value P A of the gas turbine 1 .
  • the output demand value P D may be adapted to be supplied to the controller 10 from the outside (the control device or the like higher).
  • the target value calculation unit 20 an output demand value P D and the bias correction request value determined on the basis of the value b P D * is input.
  • the correction request value P D * is determined as follows.
  • the comparator X (high / low monitor) 14 compares the difference X with the threshold value Xth.
  • Threshold Xth may be, for example, a value in the range of less than 10% 0% more output demand value P D.
  • the comparator 14 When the bias addition condition that the difference X is greater than the threshold value Xth (X> Xth) is satisfied, the comparator 14 outputs a signal indicating “ON”, and the switch 18 that has received this signal receives the memory.
  • the bias value b is read from 16 and output to the adder 19.
  • the adder 19 outputs the bias value b is output from the comparator 14, the sum of the output demand value P D as a correction required value P D * to the target value calculation unit 20.
  • the comparator 14 when the above-described difference X is equal to or less than the threshold value Xth (X ⁇ Xth) (that is, when the above-described bias addition condition is not satisfied), the comparator 14 outputs a signal indicating “OFF”.
  • the received switch 18 reads the zero value from the memory 17 and outputs it to the adder 19.
  • the adder 19, a zero value is output from the comparator 14, the output target value calculator 20 sums the output demand value P D (i.e. output demand value P D) as a correction required value P D * To do.
  • the target value calculation unit 20 calculates the control target value PT based on the correction request value P D * that is an input from the adder 19. As shown in FIG. 3, the target value calculation unit 20 includes a subtractor 21, comparators (high / low monitors) 22 and 24, and an analog memory 26.
  • the required value P D * ⁇ control target value P T ) is calculated.
  • the comparator 22 determines whether or not the load setting deviation is a predetermined value (for example, 0.1 MW) or more. If it is determined that the load setting deviation is a predetermined value (for example, 0.1 MW) or more, the analog memory 26 is checked. Control target value increase command I INC is output. That is, the control target value increase command I INC is turned ON when the load setting deviation becomes a predetermined value (for example, 0.1 MW) or more, and when the load setting deviation becomes smaller than the predetermined value (for example, 0.1 MW). Will be turned off.
  • a predetermined value for example, 0.1 MW
  • the comparator 24 determines whether or not the load setting deviation is equal to or less than a predetermined value (for example, -0.1 MW).
  • a control target value reduction command I DEC is output to the memory 26. That is, the control target value reduction command I DEC is turned ON when the load setting deviation becomes a predetermined value (for example, ⁇ 0.1 MW) or less, and the load setting deviation becomes larger than the predetermined value (for example, ⁇ 0.1 MW). When turned off.
  • control target value increase command I INC when the control target value increase command I INC is input from the comparator 22 (when the control target value increase command I INC is turned ON), the control target value PT starts to increase, and the control target value increase While the command I INC is continuously input (while the control target value increase command I INC is ON), the control target value PT is gradually increased at a predetermined increase rate (for example, 10 MW / min).
  • a predetermined increase rate for example, 10 MW / min.
  • the increase rate of the control target value PT may be constant while the control target value increase command I INC is being input (while the control target value increase command I INC is ON) (that is, the control target value The value PT may increase at a constant rate).
  • control target value decrease command I DEC when the control target value decrease command I DEC is input from the comparator 24 (when the control target value decrease command I DEC is turned ON), the analog memory 26 starts to decrease the control target value PT , and the control target value While the decrease command I DEC continues to be input (while the control target value decrease command I DEC is ON), the control target value PT is gradually decreased at a predetermined decrease rate (for example, ⁇ 10 MW / min), and the comparator When the L control target value decrease command I DEC is no longer input from 24 (when the control target value decrease command I DEC is turned OFF), the decrease of the control target value PT is stopped.
  • a predetermined decrease rate for example, ⁇ 10 MW / min
  • control target value P T may be of a constant (i.e., The control target value PT may decrease at a constant rate).
  • the target value calculation unit 20 calculates the control target value P T with the correction request value P D * as the upper limit.
  • the control target value PT is output from the analog memory 26 to the subtractor 21 and the subtracter 28 (see FIG. 2).
  • the command value calculation unit 30 is a feedback controller 32.
  • Feedback controller 32 for example, by performing the proportional-integral operation based on the deviation E received from the subtracter 28, may be a PI controller which outputs to calculate the fuel command value F I.
  • the feedback controller 32 by performing the proportional-integral-derivative operation on the basis of a deviation E received from the subtracter 28, may be a PID controller calculates and outputs a fuel command value F I.
  • the time change of the parameters related to the output control is as shown in FIG.
  • the threshold value Xth compared with the difference X in the comparator 14 is set to zero.
  • the target value calculation section 20 after time t2, the target value calculation section 20, until it reaches the output demand value P D (that is, until the time t3), gradually decreases the control target value P T at a specified rate. That is, the target value calculation unit 20, the control target value P T is calculated as a value smaller than the sum of the output demand value P D and the bias value b. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the target value calculation unit 20 decreases the control target value at a constant rate from time t2 to time t3.
  • the difference X when the difference X is greater than the threshold Xth for actual output value P A of the output demand value P D (time t0 ⁇ t2), among other things, the difference X is below the threshold value Xth shortly before (e.g., from the arrival time t1 the control target value P T output demand value P D, until the time t2 at which the actual output value P a reaches the output demand value P D) in the control target value P T output required value It is set to a value greater than P D.
  • the output request in the adder 19 It is set so as to add a bias value b to the value P D. This is due to the following reason.
  • the difference X is (before than, for example, after time t0 and t1) before the period than immediately before falls below the threshold value Xth (e.g. from time t1 to t2), the output demand value P D and the actual output value P Since the difference from A is relatively large, the deviation given to the command value calculation unit 30 is relatively large. Therefore, the necessity of increasing the control target value PT by adding the bias value is relatively small. Therefore, as shown in FIG.
  • the output demand value P D and the period from the difference X is larger than the threshold value Xth time t0 to time t2m the actual output value P A, added to an output demand value P D in the adder 19
  • the bias value to be set is set to gradually increase from 0 to b. Also in this case, since the bias value is set to increase in the period immediately before the difference X becomes equal to or less than the threshold value Xth (for example, the period from time t1 to t2), control is performed by adding the bias value in this period. can be set target value P T increases, thereby a deviation E between the control target value P T and the actual output value P a to be supplied to the command value calculating section 30 can be increased.
  • the output demand value P D and duration immediately before the difference X is below the threshold value Xth of the actual output value P A (e.g. If the bias value added in the period from the time t1 to the time t2 is large to some extent, the fuel command value obtained by the control device 10 is considered to be substantially the same in any case.
  • the adder 19 when the bias addition condition is satisfied, the adder 19 adds the bias value to the output request value, and the target value calculation unit 20 controls the correction request value P D * thus obtained as an upper limit.
  • the target value PT is calculated, and when the bias addition condition is not satisfied, the addition of the bias value in the adder 19 is canceled and the control target value calculated by the target value calculation unit is decreased. Yes.
  • the bias addition conditions the difference X to the real output value P A of the output demand value P D is greater than the threshold Xth, a first condition that.
  • the bias addition condition may include the first condition described above and a second condition in which the turbine inlet temperature of the gas turbine 1 is less than a threshold value. That is, the bias addition condition may be satisfied when at least one of the first condition or the second condition described above is satisfied. Further, the bias addition condition is not satisfied may be when at least one of the first condition and the second condition described above is not satisfied.
  • the control based on the control target value P T obtained by adding a bias value b is performed in output demand value P D. That is, when the difference X between the output demand value P D and the actual output value P A is larger than the threshold value Xth, or when the turbine inlet temperature threshold (e.g., upper limit) is lower than the bias value to the output demand value P D Since control based on the control target value PT obtained by adding b is performed, a large control deviation can be ensured and control responsiveness can be improved.
  • control is performed based on the control target value P T obtained without the addition of the bias value to the output demand value P D. That is, if, even if the output demand value P D and the difference X between the actual output value P A is not equal to or less than the threshold value Xth, When the turbine inlet temperature reaches a threshold (e.g., upper limit), the control target value P T The addition of the bias value b at the time of calculation is canceled, the control target value PT is decreased, and the control deviation is decreased. Therefore, the fuel command value can be calculated so as to suppress overshoot, and the fuel flow rate supplied to the gas turbine can be suppressed more reliably.
  • a threshold e.g., upper limit
  • the above-described bias addition condition is changed to the second condition that the index of the turbine inlet temperature of the gas turbine 21 is less than the threshold value, or in addition to the first condition and the second condition,
  • the condition or the fourth condition may be included.
  • the third condition is that the opening degree of the inlet guide vane (IGV) of the compressor 3 of the gas turbine 1 is less than full open.
  • the fourth condition is a condition that the opening degree of the flow rate adjusting valve 7 for adjusting the flow rate of the fuel to the combustor 4 is less than the upper limit value.
  • biasing summing conditions include a plurality of conditions, for example, if, in the case where the difference X with respect to the actual output value P A of the output demand value P D is greater than the threshold value Xth, does the first condition is satisfied that However, if any of the second condition to the fourth condition is not satisfied, the addition of the bias value b at the time of calculating the control target value P T is canceled, and the control target value P T is decreased to perform control. Deviation can be reduced. Therefore, the fuel command value can be calculated so as to suppress overshoot, and the fuel flow rate supplied to the gas turbine can be suppressed more reliably.
  • FIGS. 7 and 9 to 11 are block diagrams showing the configuration of the control device 10 according to an embodiment, respectively.
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of a time change of each parameter related to the output control of the gas turbine 1 when the gas turbine 1 is started when the control device 10 shown in FIGS. 7 and 9 to 11 is used. is there.
  • the target value calculation unit 20 calculates the control target value P T based on the actual output value P A , the output request value P D , the bias value b, and the like. until it calculates the deviation E between the target control value P T and the actual output value P a in the subtracter 28 is input to the command value calculating section 30 is the same as the block diagram shown in FIG. Further, when the difference X between the output demand value P D and the actual output value P A is larger than the threshold value Xth (X> Xth) (i.e., when the bias addition condition is satisfied), 7 and 9 to 11 calculation results of the fuel command value F I by the control unit 10 is the same as the control device 10 shown in FIG.
  • the command value calculation unit 30 includes a feedback controller 32 and a first upper limit setting unit 40.
  • Feedback controller 32 receives an input signal based on the deviation E between the control target value P T and the actual output value P A, is configured to output the feedback command value FB for calculating the fuel command value F I ing.
  • the feedback controller 32 may be a PI controller that calculates and outputs a feedback command value FB by performing a proportional / integral calculation based on the deviation E received from the subtractor 28.
  • the feedback controller 32 is a PID controller that calculates and outputs a feedback command value FB by performing proportional / integral / derivative operations based on the deviation E received from the subtractor 28. Also good.
  • the first upper limit setting unit 40 when the difference X with respect to the actual output value P A of the output demand value P D is equal to or less than the threshold Xth (i.e., when no longer satisfy the bias addition condition), the difference X is the threshold Xth reaches the configured limit the fuel command value F I below the upper limit command value is a feedback command value FB when the.
  • the first upper limit setting unit 40 includes a switch 42 and a low value selector 46, and the feedback command value FB calculated by the feedback controller 32 is The value is input to the low value selector 46.
  • the comparator 14 sets “ON”. A signal shown in FIG. Receiving this signal, the switching device 42 stores the feedback command value FB received from the feedback controller 32 in the memory 44 and outputs the feedback command value FB to the low value selector 46. Low value selector 46, so receive the same value (feedback command value FB) from both the feedback controller 32 and the switch 42, the feedback command value FB, and outputs a fuel command value F I.
  • the feedback command value FB is repeatedly calculated by the feedback controller 32, and ry is basically shown in FIG. 3 and the like while the condition that the difference X is larger than the threshold value Xth is satisfied. As described above, the calculated feedback command value FB (fuel command value F I ) gradually increases.
  • the comparator 14 A signal indicating “OFF” is output to the switch 42.
  • the switch 42 Upon receiving this signal, the switch 42 outputs the feedback command value z ⁇ 1 (the previous calculation result by the feedback controller 32) stored in the memory 44 to the low value selector 46.
  • the low value selector 46 calculates the smaller one of the feedback command value FB (current calculation result) output from the feedback controller 32 and the previous feedback command value z ⁇ 1 output from the switch 42. and outputs as a fuel command value F I.
  • the feedback command value F2 is smaller than the feedback command value FB newly calculated by the feedback controller 32 during the above period (t2 to t4).
  • the low value selector 46 feedback command value F2 is selected and outputted as a fuel command value F I. That is, some time after the time t2 the difference X is equal to or less than the threshold Xth is, the fuel command value F I is held in the feedback command value F2 computed at time t2.
  • the upper limit command the difference X is a feedback command value FB when the threshold is reached Xth value fuel command value F I below (the feedback command value F2 is calculated at time t2 in the above example) is restricted. Therefore, excess of the turbine inlet temperature can be more reliably suppressed.
  • the feedback controller 32 for calculating a feedback command value FB on the basis of the proportional term and the integral term calculated from the deviation E between the target control value P T and the actual output value P A shown in FIG. 9 It is a controller. Then, the PI controller, when the difference X with respect to the actual output value P A of the output demand value P D is equal to or less than the threshold Xth, to limit the increase in the integral term, to calculate a feedback command value FB configuration Is done.
  • the first upper limit setting unit 40 includes a switch 42.
  • Switch 42 according to the result of comparison between the difference X and the threshold value Xth of the comparator 14 provides an upper limit to the fuel command value F I output by the PI controller.
  • a normal upper limit set in advance is set.
  • the value F lim is given to the PI controller as an upper limit value.
  • the PI controller calculates the previous time.
  • the provided feedback command value z ⁇ 1 is given to the PI controller as an upper limit value. Then, PI control unit 32, to the calculated feedback command value FB, over limited by the upper limit value given by the switch 42, and outputs a fuel command value F I.
  • the memory the 44 (see FIG. 9)
  • the feedback command value at time t2 the actual output value P a reaches the output demand value P D F2 (fuel command value F I) is stored.
  • the feedback command value F2 (fuel command value F I ) has a value greater than the feedback command value FB (fuel command value F I ) newly calculated by the feedback controller 32 during the above-described period (t2 to t4).
  • the feedback command value FB calculated in the PI controller 32, the upper limit of the switching unit 42, i.e., is limited by the feedback command value F2 (fuel command value F I at time t2),
  • the feedback command value F2 is output from the PI controller 32.
  • PI control unit 32 during the above-mentioned (t2 ⁇ t4; i.e., when the difference X is below the threshold Xth for actual output value P A of the output demand value P D), to limit the increase in the integral term
  • the feedback command value FB is calculated.
  • the feedback command value FB when the difference X has reached the threshold Xth thereby limiting the fuel command value F I below some upper limit command value F2
  • the integral calculation is lowered response of the control by saturated The phenomenon (windup) can be prevented.
  • the process of limiting the increase in the integral term as described above, when the difference X described above becomes equal to or less than the threshold value Xth (i.e., when the hold of the fuel command value F I is started), and the control target value deviation between P T and the actual output value P a may perform when greater than zero. That is, only the integral calculation in the increasing direction may be stopped. Thereby, it is possible to prevent the integration calculation from being saturated more reliably.
  • the command value calculation unit 30 includes a feedback controller 32, a low value selector 34, and a second upper limit setting unit 50.
  • Feedback controller 32 receives an input signal based on the deviation E from the subtracter 28, and to output the feedback command value FB for calculating the fuel command value F I.
  • the feedback controller 32 may be, for example, a PI controller or a PID controller.
  • the low value selector 34 is the smallest of the feedback command value FB from the feedback controller 32 and at least one other command value (command values A to C in FIG. 10) calculated separately from the feedback command value FB.
  • Command value Imin is calculated and output.
  • the other command values (command values A to C) calculated separately from the feedback command value FB may be outputs from other control logic, for example, a governor control command value or a temperature control command value. It may be.
  • the second upper limit setting unit 50 includes a switch 52 and a memory 54, for example functions similarly to the low value selector 46 shown in FIG. 7, the difference X is for the actual output value P A of the output demand value P D when it becomes less than the threshold value Xth, configured to limit a fuel command value F I below the upper limit command value I min which is the output value of the low value selector 34 when the difference X has reached the threshold Xth.
  • the time variation of the fuel command value F I is as shown in the graph of FIG.
  • the minimum command value among the feedback command value FB from the feedback controller 32 and the command value calculated separately from the feedback command value FB (command values A to C in FIG. 10). and determines a fuel command value F I on the basis of I min, when the difference X with respect to the actual output value P a of the output demand value P D is equal to or less than the threshold Xth, low when the difference X has reached the threshold Xth since so as to limit the fuel command value F I below the upper limit command value I min is the output value of value selector 34, it is possible to more reliably suppress the excess of the turbine inlet temperature.
  • the command value calculation unit 30 includes a feedback controller 32 and a deviation upper limit setting unit 60.
  • Feedback controller 32 receives an input signal based on the deviation E from the subtracter 28, and to output the feedback command value FB for calculating the fuel command value F I.
  • the feedback controller 32 may be, for example, a PI controller or a PID controller.
  • Deviation upper limit setting unit 60 when the difference X with respect to the actual output value P A of the output demand value P D is equal to or less than the threshold Xth, configured to limit the input signal of the feedback controller 32 to zero. That is, the deviation upper limit setting unit 60 includes a switch 62 and a low value selector 66. When the difference X is greater than the threshold value Xth, both the input from the subtractor 29 to the low value selector 66 and the input from the switch 62 to the low value selector 66 are both the control target value P T. that the deviation E between the actual output value P a. Therefore, the deviation E is input from the low value selector 66 to the feedback controller 32, is calculated feedback command value FB is based on the deviation E, the feedback command value FB is output as a fuel command value F I.
  • the above-described deviation E is input from the subtractor 29 to the low value selector 66 and stored in the memory 64 from the switch 62 to the low value selector 66.
  • the entered zero value is entered.
  • the low value selector 66 outputs a zero value which is the smaller of these inputs (deviation E and zero value) to the feedback controller. That is, the input signal of the feedback controller is limited to zero.
  • the fuel command value F I when the difference X reaches the threshold value (i.e., the actual output value P A is output request when reaching the value P D; the feedback command value F2 at time reference t2) in FIG. 8 is changed to the lower value as an upper limit.
  • the time variation of the fuel command value F I is as shown in the graph of FIG.
  • FIG. 12 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of the control device 10 according to an embodiment.
  • a control device 10 for a gas turbine 1 includes a target value calculation unit 20 for calculating a control target value PT that is a target value of an output of the gas turbine 1, a control target value PT, and a gas turbine. includes a command value calculating section 30 for calculating a fuel command value F I based on the deviation E between the first actual output value P a, the.
  • Command value calculating section 30 receives the input signal based on the difference E, the feedback controller 32 configured to output the feedback command value FB for calculating the fuel command value F I, output demand value P when the difference X is below the threshold Xth for actual output values P a and D, the difference X limits the fuel command value F I below the upper limit command value is a feedback command value FB on reaching the threshold Xth And a first upper limit setting unit 40.
  • the control device 10 includes a target value calculation unit 20 for calculating a control target value PT that is a target value of the output of the gas turbine 1, and combustion of the gas turbine 1. a command value calculating section 30 for calculating a fuel command value F I according to the flow rate of fuel supplied to the vessel 4, and a.
  • Target value calculation unit 20 an output demand value P D of the gas turbine 1, and, on the basis of the actual output value P A of the gas turbine 1, configured to calculate a control target value P T.
  • Command value calculating portion 30 is configured to calculate a control target value P T calculated by the target value calculation portion 20, the fuel command value F I on the basis of a deviation between the actual output value P A of the gas turbine 1 .
  • the output demand value P D may be adapted to be supplied to the controller 10 from the outside (the control device or the like higher).
  • the target value calculation unit 20 (see FIG. 3), as the correction request value P D *, the output demand value P D is input.
  • Target value calculation unit 20 as already described with reference to FIG. 3, the output demand value P D (correction required value P D *) as an upper limit, and calculates a control target value P T, calculated control target value Is output to the subtractor 28.
  • the command value calculation unit 30 includes the above-described feedback controller 32 and the first upper limit setting unit 40, and has the same configuration as that described with reference to FIG.
  • the upper limit command the difference X is a feedback command value FB when the threshold is reached Xth since so as to limit the fuel command value F I to a value or less, it is possible to reliably suppress the excess of the turbine inlet temperature.
  • an expression representing a relative or absolute arrangement such as “in a certain direction”, “along a certain direction”, “parallel”, “orthogonal”, “center”, “concentric” or “coaxial”. Represents not only such an arrangement strictly but also a state of relative displacement with tolerance or an angle or a distance to obtain the same function.
  • an expression indicating that things such as “identical”, “equal”, and “homogeneous” are in an equal state not only represents an exactly equal state, but also has a tolerance or a difference that can provide the same function. It also represents the existing state.
  • expressions representing shapes such as quadrangular shapes and cylindrical shapes not only represent shapes such as quadrangular shapes and cylindrical shapes in a strict geometric sense, but also within a range where the same effects can be obtained.
  • a shape including an uneven portion or a chamfered portion is also expressed.
  • the expression “comprising”, “including”, or “having” one constituent element is not an exclusive expression for excluding the existence of another constituent element.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
  • Control Of Turbines (AREA)
PCT/JP2019/015527 2018-04-13 2019-04-09 ガスタービンの制御装置及びガスタービン並びにガスタービンの制御方法 Ceased WO2019198730A1 (ja)

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DE112019000330.5T DE112019000330B4 (de) 2018-04-13 2019-04-09 Steuervorrichtung für eine gasturbine, gasturbine und verfahren zum steuern einer gasturbine
US16/962,644 US11359553B2 (en) 2018-04-13 2019-04-09 Control device for gas turbine, gas turbine, and gas turbine controlling method
CN201980010512.7A CN111684150B (zh) 2018-04-13 2019-04-09 燃气轮机的控制装置、燃气轮机及燃气轮机的控制方法

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US20200340410A1 (en) 2020-10-29
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