WO2019196388A1 - Photocatalytic power generation apparatus based on ambient humidity difference - Google Patents

Photocatalytic power generation apparatus based on ambient humidity difference Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019196388A1
WO2019196388A1 PCT/CN2018/112827 CN2018112827W WO2019196388A1 WO 2019196388 A1 WO2019196388 A1 WO 2019196388A1 CN 2018112827 W CN2018112827 W CN 2018112827W WO 2019196388 A1 WO2019196388 A1 WO 2019196388A1
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Prior art keywords
power generation
gas flow
anode
cathode
humidity
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PCT/CN2018/112827
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
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綦戎辉
郭明明
张立志
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华南理工大学
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Publication of WO2019196388A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019196388A1/en
Priority to US17/066,582 priority Critical patent/US11289758B2/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M14/00—Electrochemical current or voltage generators not provided for in groups H01M6/00 - H01M12/00; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M14/005—Photoelectrochemical storage cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M14/00—Electrochemical current or voltage generators not provided for in groups H01M6/00 - H01M12/00; Manufacture thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H02N3/00—Generators in which thermal or kinetic energy is converted into electrical energy by ionisation of a fluid and removal of the charge therefrom
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
    • H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
    • H01G9/2027—Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode
    • H01G9/2031—Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode comprising titanium oxide, e.g. TiO2
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/542—Dye sensitized solar cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of a humidity difference power generation device, and in particular to a photocatalytic power generation device driven by an environmental humidity difference.
  • Ambient humidity potential energy is also a potential renewable energy source. It has a wide spatial and temporal presence in the geographical environment and is widely used in air conditioning systems. It is a clean and stable energy source. Such as China's vast southeastern coastal areas, each year 3 to 6 The humidity of the air in the month is maintained at a fairly high level; in order to maintain a comfortable living environment indoors, people usually artificially reduce the indoor air humidity. At this time, there is a humidity difference between the indoor and outdoor air.
  • the humidity difference that can be generated for a family room can be relatively small, then for some large shopping malls, office buildings, or factories and engineering projects, the humidity potential energy that can be generated during operation is considerable. Therefore, if the humidity potential energy can be converted into electricity for use, this new energy utilization method is expected to alleviate social energy problems.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings and deficiencies in the prior art, and to provide a photocatalytic power generation device that relies on environmental humidity difference.
  • a photocatalytic power generation device that relies on a difference in ambient humidity, comprising a photocatalytic power generation unit driven by a humidity difference, a power storage assembly, and a solar light collection and emission assembly;
  • the humidity-driven photocatalytic power generation unit includes, from one side to the other side, an anode gas flow channel, a screen-type photoanode material, a moisture-permeable proton exchange membrane, a mesh cathode material, and a cathode gas flow channel; , the screen type photoelectric anode material, the moisture permeable proton exchange membrane and the screen cathode material together constitute an electrode assembly of the photocatalytic power generation unit;
  • the anode gas flow channel and the cathode gas flow channel are both provided with an air inlet and an air outlet; the anode gas flow channel and the cathode gas flow channel are equipped with a variable frequency fan outside the air inlet;
  • the inlet of the anode gas flow channel is provided with a first damper and a temperature and humidity sensor.
  • the anode gas flow channel is internally provided with a flow sensor, and the outlet of the anode gas flow channel is provided with a temperature No. Humidity Sensor;
  • the inlet of the cathode gas flow channel is provided with a second damper and a third temperature and humidity sensor, wherein the cathode gas flow channel is internally provided with a second flow sensor, and the gas outlet of the cathode gas flow channel is provided with four Temperature and humidity sensor;
  • the screen type photoanode material and the screen type cathode material are both porous screen structures; the screen type photoanode material and the screen type cathode material respectively contain an anode photocatalyst and a cathode catalyst; the screen type The photoanode material and the screen cathode material are connected to the power storage component via the wire, so that the electric energy generated by the photocatalytic power generation unit is stored in the power storage device in time, and the current meter and the voltmeter are connected in the connection circuit;
  • the sunlight collecting and emitting component is disposed on a side of the photocatalytic power generating unit close to the anode gas flow path, has a function of collecting sunlight, and can illuminate the collected sunlight on the anode gas flow path.
  • the wall material of the anode gas flow channel is a light-permeable insulating gas-impermeable material, ensuring that light emitted by the sunlight collecting and emitting component passes through the wall of the anode gas flow channel and is irradiated on the screen photoelectric anode. On the material, a photoelectrocatalytic reaction occurs.
  • the wall material of the cathode gas flow channel is an insulating and gas impermeable material.
  • the moisture permeable proton exchange membrane is a high performance electrolyte membrane having both the ability to selectively permeate water molecules and hydrogen ions, including a bipolar membrane or an amphoteric membrane; and the moisture permeable proton exchange membrane comprises organic / It is prepared by inorganic nanocomposite method, catalytic polymerization method or radiation grafting method.
  • the screen type photoanode material and the screen type cathode material are respectively closely attached to the metal mesh frame by using a screen printing method, a transfer method or a spraying method.
  • Surface preparation is preferably, a screen printing method, a transfer method or a spraying method.
  • the anode photoelectrocatalyst is a material having a catalytic photoelectric effect, a semiconductor material including TiO 2 , ZnO or WO 3 , or a non-semiconductor material including a heteropoly acid.
  • the cathode catalyst is a reduction catalyst material capable of catalyzing the reaction of electrons with oxygen and protons to form water, including precious metals Pt, Ir Or Ru, or more than one of the noble metals Pt, Ir and Ru, alloys, phosphides, carbides or supports.
  • the tubes of the anode gas flow path and the cathode gas flow path are in the shape of a ribbed, non-ribbed, vertical or curved shape.
  • the solar light collecting and emitting component is a component having a reflecting and refracting component, having a structure including a plane, a curved surface or a sawtooth surface, and capable of collecting the sunlight of the ineffective area to the effective area.
  • the screen-type photoanode material and the screen-type cathode material have close contact points at the interface connecting the moisture-permeable proton exchange membrane; when the anode gas flow path is connected to the high-humidity air, the cathode gas flow
  • the high-humidity air in the anode gas flow passage approaches the contact point through the anode-side porous screen structure, and the role of the anode photo-photocatalyst on the anode-side porous screen structure under the sunlight irradiation
  • the photolysis occurs under the protons; at the same time, the protons hydrate with the water molecules in the humid air on the anode side to form hydronium ions; at the same time, the low-humidity air is introduced into the cathode gas flow path, and the moisture-permeable proton exchange membrane is produced.
  • the humidity difference from the high humidity side to the low humidity side under the driving of the humidity difference, the hydronium ions move through the moisture permeable proton exchange membrane to the cathode side; the directional movement of the hydronium ions causes the photocatalytic reaction to generate electrons Moving accordingly, a current is generated to generate a power generation effect; and electrons on the cathode side react with protons and oxygen to form water.
  • the humidity of the gas in the anode side flow passage is higher than the humidity of the gas in the cathode side flow passage, and the humidity difference between the two can be converted into electric energy and stored in the electricity storage device.
  • the flow of air within the anode gas flow path and the cathode gas flow path includes a forward flow, a reverse flow or a cross flow.
  • the photocatalytic power generation unit that drives the humidity difference is more than one, and the combination of the plurality of humidity-driven photocatalytic power generation units includes a series, a parallel, a cascade, a combination, or a multi-stage.
  • the principle of catalytic power generation of the device of the invention is:
  • the present invention has the following advantages and benefits:
  • the photocatalytic power generation device with low ambient humidity difference of the invention is driven by the difference of humidity as the raw material, driven by solar energy, has a wide source, and the raw material is clean and sustainable; at the same time, the device is simple, compact, safe and reliable, has no moving parts, and has no fixed equipment. It is simple to make, and the device has no problems such as corrosion and bubble blockage, and it has theoretical and practical implementation feasibility.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a photocatalytic power generation unit based on a photocatalytic power generation device that relies on environmental humidity difference in a specific embodiment
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of an electrode assembly of a photocatalytic power generation device based on ambient humidity difference in a specific embodiment
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the working principle of a photocatalytic power generation unit based on a photocatalytic power generation device that relies on environmental humidity difference in a specific embodiment
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a photocatalytic power generation device based on ambient humidity difference in a specific embodiment, in which a plurality of photocatalytic power generation units are combined in parallel;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a photocatalytic power generation device based on ambient humidity difference in a specific embodiment, in which a plurality of photocatalytic power generation units are combined in series;
  • FIG. 6 is a photocatalytic power generation device based on ambient humidity difference in a specific embodiment, using a plurality of photocatalytic power generation units in series / Schematic diagram of a parallel composite combination.
  • the photocatalytic power generation unit driven by the humidity difference includes an anode gas flow path 12 from one side to the other side, and a screen type photoelectric anode material 1 , a moisture permeable proton exchange membrane 2, a screen cathode material 3 and a cathode gas flow channel 13 , the structural schematic diagram is shown in Figure 1;
  • the screen type photoanode material 1 the moisture permeable proton exchange membrane 2 and the screen cathode material 3
  • the electrode assembly of the photocatalytic power generation unit is formed together, and the structural schematic diagram is shown in Fig. 2;
  • the screen type photoelectric anode material 1 and the screen type cathode material 3 are both porous screen structures (as shown in Fig. 2)
  • the screen type photoanode material 1 and the screen type cathode material 3 respectively contain an anode photocatalyst and a cathode catalyst;
  • the screen type photoanode material 1 and the screen type cathode material 3 are prepared by using a screen printing method, a transfer method or a spraying method to closely adhere the anode photocatalyst or the cathode catalyst particles to the surface of the metal mesh frame.
  • the anode photoelectrocatalyst used is a material having a catalytic photoelectric effect, a semiconductor material including TiO 2 , ZnO or WO 3 , or a non-semiconductor material including a heteropoly acid;
  • the cathode catalyst used is a catalytic electron and oxygen and a proton a reduction reaction catalyst material for forming water, comprising a noble metal Pt, Ir or Ru, or an alloy, phosphide, carbide or a load of one or more of noble metals Pt, Ir and Ru;
  • Moisture permeable proton exchange membrane 2 A high performance electrolyte membrane capable of selectively permeating water molecules and hydrogen ions, including a bipolar membrane or an amphoteric membrane; a screen type photoanode material 1 and a screen cathode material 3 and a moisture permeable proton exchange membrane 2 Contact points on the connected interface are in close contact;
  • the anode gas flow path 12 and the cathode gas flow path 13 are each provided with an intake port and an outlet port; an anode gas flow path 12 and a cathode gas flow path 13
  • the inlet air inlet is equipped with a variable frequency fan;
  • the wall material of the anode gas flow channel 12 is a light-permeable insulating and gas-impermeable material;
  • the wall material of the cathode gas flow channel 13 is an insulating and gas-impermeable material;
  • the shape of the conduit of the cathode gas flow passage 13 is ribbed, non-ribular, vertical or curved;
  • the inlet of the anode gas flow passage 12 is provided with a damper 8 and a temperature and humidity sensor 10, and an anode gas flow passage 12
  • the internal flow is installed with a flow sensor 14
  • the outlet of the anode gas flow passage 12 is provided with a temperature and humidity sensor No. 2;
  • the inlet of the cathode gas flow passage 13 is provided with a second damper 9 and a third temperature and humidity sensor 11, and a cathode gas flow passage 13
  • the internal flow sensor 15 is installed inside, and the fourth gas temperature and humidity sensor 17 is arranged at the air outlet of the cathode gas flow passage 13;
  • FIG. 3 The schematic diagram of the working principle of the photocatalytic power generation unit is shown in Fig. 3.
  • the sunlight is irradiated on the anode gas flow channel side, under the action of light, the photocatalyst electrons in the catalytic layer of the screen type anode material are excited to generate photogenerated electrons.
  • the photogenerated electron is e - and the photogenerated hole is h + ;
  • the photogenerated hole h + is enriched on the catalytic material and contacts the water molecules in the humid air on the anode side to generate 2H 2 O+4h + ⁇ 4H + +O 2 oxidation reaction; that is, under the oxidation of photogenerated hole h + , water molecules are oxidized to generate hydrogen ions and oxygen; and the generated H + and hydrated water molecules in the anode side hydrate,
  • the hydronium ion is generated and migrates to the cathode side through the moisture-permeable proton exchange membrane 2 under the action of the difference between the humidity of the cathode and the anode gas.
  • the generated photogenerated electron is e - and then transferred to the cathode side through the external circuit, and 4H occurs on the cathode side.
  • + +O 2 +4e - ⁇ 2H 2 O reduction reaction the generated water is carried away by the dry air on the cathode side; thus an effective current is generated in the circuit;
  • the anode gas flow path 12 is supplied with high-humidity air
  • the cathode gas flow path 13 is supplied with low-humidity air
  • the anode gas flow path 12 The high-humidity air inside is close to the contact point through the anode-side porous screen structure.
  • the water vapor in the air is photodecomposed to generate protons under the action of the anode photoelectrocatalyst on the anode-side porous screen structure; meanwhile, the protons are The anode side hydrates with water molecules in the humid air to form hydronium ions; at the same time, the cathode gas flow path 13 is introduced into the low-humidity air, and the moisture-permeable proton exchange membrane 2 generates a humidity difference from the high-humidity side to the low-humidity side.
  • the hydronium ions pass through the moisture-permeable proton exchange membrane 2 Moving to the cathode side; the directional movement of the hydronium ions causes the electrons generated by the photocatalytic reaction to move correspondingly, generating an electric current to generate a power generation effect; and the electrons on the cathode side react with protons and oxygen to form water; wherein the air is in the anode gas stream Road 12 and the flow pattern in the cathode gas flow passage 13 includes a forward flow, a reverse flow or a cross flow;
  • the combination of the photocatalytic power generation unit driven by the humidity difference is more than one, and the combination of the plurality of humidity difference driven photocatalytic power generation units includes a series, a parallel type, a cascade type, a combination type or a multistage type;
  • Figure 4 show the use of multiple photocatalytic power generation units through parallel, series and string / A schematic diagram of a combination of parallel composite forms
  • FIG. 4 a schematic diagram of using a plurality of photocatalytic power generating units in parallel combination is shown in FIG. 4; in the power generating process, the first variable frequency fan is first turned on. And the second variable frequency fan 20, so that the high humidity air and the low humidity air respectively flow through the second photocatalytic power generation unit 21 to the nth photocatalytic power generation unit 22 And then merged into a single stream, flowing into the ambient air; then turning on the light-irradiating component, driven by photocatalysis and humidity difference, each power generating unit generates electric energy and collects it into the power storage device through the circuit;
  • FIG. 5 A schematic diagram of a series combination of a plurality of photocatalytic power generating units is shown in FIG. 5, which is different from the parallel combination method.
  • the high-humidity air and the low-humidity air respectively flow through the second photocatalytic power generation unit 21 to the nth photocatalytic power generation unit 22 in series, and then flow into the ambient air;
  • FIG. 6 A schematic diagram of a series/parallel composite combination using multiple photocatalytic power generation units is shown in Figure 6. From the lateral direction, each row of photocatalytic power generation units are connected to each other in series; from the longitudinal direction, each column of photocatalytic power generation units are connected in parallel; each photocatalytic power generation unit generates electric energy and is collected into the power storage device through the circuit. ;
  • Solar light collection and launching component 4 a component having a reflecting and refracting member having a planar, curved or serrated surface structure and capable of collecting the inactive area of sunlight into an effective area; the solar light collecting and emitting unit 4 is disposed adjacent to the anode gas flow path of the photocatalytic power generating unit
  • the 12 side has the function of collecting sunlight and can illuminate the collected sunlight on the anode gas flow path 2.

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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
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Abstract

Disclosed is a photocatalytic power generation apparatus based on ambient humidity difference. The power generation apparatus comprises a photocatalytic power generation unit driven by humidity difference, a power storage assembly (5), and a sunlight collection and emission assembly (4). The photocatalytic power generation unit driven by humidity difference sequentially comprises an anode air flow channel (12), a screen type photoelectric anode material (1), a moisture-permeable proton exchange membrane (2), a screen type cathode material (3), and a cathode air flow channel (13) from one side to the other side. The photocatalytic power generation unit of the apparatus converts air humidity differential potential energy in the anode and cathode air flow channels into electric energy by mean of photocatalytic electrochemical reaction under lighting conditions to be stored in the power storage assembly. According to the apparatus of the present invention, the humidity differential potential energy is converted into the electric energy, the widely available ambient humidity difference serves as a raw material, and solar energy serves as a power drive, and therefore, the raw materials are wide, clean, and sustainable; moreover, the apparatus is simple, compact, and safe without a moving member and a fixed device, and thus is simple to manufacture.

Description

一种依赖环境湿度差的光催化发电装置  Photocatalytic power generation device relying on environmental humidity difference
技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及湿度差发电装置技术领域，特别涉及一种环境湿度差驱动的光催化发电装置。  The invention relates to the technical field of a humidity difference power generation device, and in particular to a photocatalytic power generation device driven by an environmental humidity difference.
背景技术Background technique
在快速发展的当今世界，随着地球上的煤、石油、天然气等非可再生能源的快速消耗，能源问题开始成为决定发展的首要问题，于是人们开始探索太阳能、地热能、水能、风能、生物能、海洋能等可再生能源。 In the fast-developing world today, with the rapid consumption of non-renewable energy such as coal, oil, natural gas, etc. on the earth, energy issues have become the primary issue in determining development, so people began to explore solar energy, geothermal energy, hydro energy, wind energy, Renewable energy such as bioenergy and ocean energy.
然而，除了生物能、风能、地热能等可再生能源以外，还有一种长期被人们忽视的能源。环境湿度差势能也是一种潜在的可再生能源，湿度差于地理环境中有着广泛的空间上和时间上的存在，并且广泛存在于空气调节系统中，是一种清洁而稳定的能源。比如我国广大的东南部沿海地区，每年的 3 到 6 月份空气的湿度都维持在相当高的水平；而在室内为了保持舒适的居住环境，人们通常人为的降低室内的空气湿度。在这个时候，在室内和室外的空气之间就存在着湿度差势能。如果说对于家庭居室来说，能够产生的湿度差势能比较小，那么对于一些大型商场、办公楼、或工厂及工程项目来说，其运转过程中能够产生的湿度差势能则是相当可观的。因此，若能将湿度差势能转化为电能加以利用，这一新增的能源利用方式将有望使得社会能源问题得到缓解。 However, in addition to renewable energy such as biomass, wind energy, and geothermal energy, there is also an energy source that has long been ignored. Ambient humidity potential energy is also a potential renewable energy source. It has a wide spatial and temporal presence in the geographical environment and is widely used in air conditioning systems. It is a clean and stable energy source. Such as China's vast southeastern coastal areas, each year 3 to 6 The humidity of the air in the month is maintained at a fairly high level; in order to maintain a comfortable living environment indoors, people usually artificially reduce the indoor air humidity. At this time, there is a humidity difference between the indoor and outdoor air. If the humidity difference that can be generated for a family room can be relatively small, then for some large shopping malls, office buildings, or factories and engineering projects, the humidity potential energy that can be generated during operation is considerable. Therefore, if the humidity potential energy can be converted into electricity for use, this new energy utilization method is expected to alleviate social energy problems.
目前尚未有人发表关于湿度差发电的研究成果。以环境湿度差为能源的系统有着清洁稳定、来源广泛、不受空间限制及不易引起酸碱腐蚀问题等诸多优势。因此利用环境湿度差资源进行发电，不仅能创造巨大的经济效益，同时，利用清洁的能源也将有助于环境质量的改善与保持。 At present, no research results on humidity difference power generation have been published. The system with the difference of environmental humidity as energy has many advantages such as clean and stable, wide source, no space limitation and not easy to cause acid-base corrosion. Therefore, the use of environmental humidity resources for power generation can not only create huge economic benefits, but also the use of clean energy will contribute to the improvement and maintenance of environmental quality.
太阳能作为一种无害普遍长久而巨大的一次能源有着巨大的应用潜力。但由于技术限制，人类对于太阳能的利用并不充分。 1967 年，藤岛昭教授发现，借助光的力量可以促进氧化分解反应。后来证实一些半导体材料（如二氧化钛）在太阳光的照射下电子会发生跃迁，产生光生电子 - 空穴对，对一些氧化分解反应起到促进作用。但目前尚未有人将太阳能同湿度差发电结合起来。 Solar energy has enormous potential as a harmless universal long-term and huge primary energy source. However, due to technical limitations, human use of solar energy is not sufficient. In 1967, Professor Fujishima revealed that the oxidative decomposition reaction can be promoted by the power of light. It was later confirmed that some semiconductor materials (such as titanium dioxide) will undergo electron transitions under the illumination of sunlight, producing photogenerated electrons - Hole pairs play a role in promoting some oxidative decomposition reactions. However, no one has yet combined solar energy with humidity differential power generation.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术中的缺点和不足之处，提供了一种依赖环境湿度差的光催化发电装置。 The object of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings and deficiencies in the prior art, and to provide a photocatalytic power generation device that relies on environmental humidity difference.
本发明的目的通过如下技术方案实现。 The object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions.
一种依赖环境湿度差的光催化发电装置，包括湿度差驱动的光催化发电单元、蓄电组件以及太阳光收集发射组件； A photocatalytic power generation device that relies on a difference in ambient humidity, comprising a photocatalytic power generation unit driven by a humidity difference, a power storage assembly, and a solar light collection and emission assembly;
所述湿度差驱动的光催化发电单元从一侧至另一侧，依次包括阳极气体流道、筛网式光电阳极材料、透湿质子交换膜、筛网式阴极材料和阴极气体流道；其中，筛网式光电阳极材料、透湿质子交换膜和筛网式阴极材料共同组成光催化发电单元的电极组件； The humidity-driven photocatalytic power generation unit includes, from one side to the other side, an anode gas flow channel, a screen-type photoanode material, a moisture-permeable proton exchange membrane, a mesh cathode material, and a cathode gas flow channel; , the screen type photoelectric anode material, the moisture permeable proton exchange membrane and the screen cathode material together constitute an electrode assembly of the photocatalytic power generation unit;
所述阳极气体流道和阴极气体流道均设置有进气口和出气口；所述阳极气体流道和阴极气体流道的进气口外均装有变频风机； The anode gas flow channel and the cathode gas flow channel are both provided with an air inlet and an air outlet; the anode gas flow channel and the cathode gas flow channel are equipped with a variable frequency fan outside the air inlet;
所述阳极气体流道的进气口设置有一号风阀和一号温湿度传感器，所述阳极气体流道的内部安装有一号流量传感器，所述阳极气体流道的出气口设置有二号温湿度传感器； The inlet of the anode gas flow channel is provided with a first damper and a temperature and humidity sensor. The anode gas flow channel is internally provided with a flow sensor, and the outlet of the anode gas flow channel is provided with a temperature No. Humidity Sensor;
所述阴极气体流道的进气口设置有二号风阀和三号温湿度传感器，所述阴极气体流道的内部安装有二号流量传感器，所述阴极气体流道的出气口设置有四号温湿度传感器； The inlet of the cathode gas flow channel is provided with a second damper and a third temperature and humidity sensor, wherein the cathode gas flow channel is internally provided with a second flow sensor, and the gas outlet of the cathode gas flow channel is provided with four Temperature and humidity sensor;
所述筛网式光电阳极材料和筛网式阴极材料均为多孔筛网结构；所述筛网式光电阳极材料与筛网式阴极材料上分别含有阳极光电催化剂和阴极催化剂；所述筛网式光电阳极材料与筛网式阴极材料经由导线与蓄电组件相连接，以便光催化发电单元产生的电能被及时储存在蓄电装置内，且连接电路中接有电流表和电压表； The screen type photoanode material and the screen type cathode material are both porous screen structures; the screen type photoanode material and the screen type cathode material respectively contain an anode photocatalyst and a cathode catalyst; the screen type The photoanode material and the screen cathode material are connected to the power storage component via the wire, so that the electric energy generated by the photocatalytic power generation unit is stored in the power storage device in time, and the current meter and the voltmeter are connected in the connection circuit;
所述太阳光收集发射组件置于光催化发电单元的靠近阳极气体流道一侧，具有收集太阳光的功能并能将收集的太阳光照射在阳极气体流道上。 The sunlight collecting and emitting component is disposed on a side of the photocatalytic power generating unit close to the anode gas flow path, has a function of collecting sunlight, and can illuminate the collected sunlight on the anode gas flow path.
优选的，所述阳极气体流道的管壁材料为可透光的绝缘不透气材料，确保经太阳光收集发射组件射出的光线透过阳极气体流道的管壁，照射在筛网式光电阳极材料上，发生光电催化反应。 Preferably, the wall material of the anode gas flow channel is a light-permeable insulating gas-impermeable material, ensuring that light emitted by the sunlight collecting and emitting component passes through the wall of the anode gas flow channel and is irradiated on the screen photoelectric anode. On the material, a photoelectrocatalytic reaction occurs.
优选的，所述阴极气体流道的管壁材料为绝缘不透气材料。 Preferably, the wall material of the cathode gas flow channel is an insulating and gas impermeable material.
优选的，所述透湿质子交换膜为同时具备选择性透过水分子和氢离子能力的高性能电解质膜，包括双极膜或两性膜；透湿质子交换膜通过包括有机 / 无机纳米复合法、催化聚合法或辐射接枝法制备得到。 Preferably, the moisture permeable proton exchange membrane is a high performance electrolyte membrane having both the ability to selectively permeate water molecules and hydrogen ions, including a bipolar membrane or an amphoteric membrane; and the moisture permeable proton exchange membrane comprises organic / It is prepared by inorganic nanocomposite method, catalytic polymerization method or radiation grafting method.
优选的，所述筛网式光电阳极材料和筛网式阴极材料均为采用包括筛网印刷法、转印法或喷射法，将阳极光电催化剂或阴极催化剂微粒分别紧密附着于金属筛网骨架的表面制备得到。 Preferably, the screen type photoanode material and the screen type cathode material are respectively closely attached to the metal mesh frame by using a screen printing method, a transfer method or a spraying method. Surface preparation.
优选的，所述阳极光电催化剂为具有催化光电效应的材料，为包括 TiO2 、 ZnO 或 WO3 的半导体材料，或者为包括杂多酸的非半导体材料。Preferably, the anode photoelectrocatalyst is a material having a catalytic photoelectric effect, a semiconductor material including TiO 2 , ZnO or WO 3 , or a non-semiconductor material including a heteropoly acid.
优选的，所述阴极催化剂为可催化电子与氧气和质子反应生成水的还原反应催化剂材料，包括贵金属 Pt 、 Ir 或 Ru ，或者贵金属 Pt 、 Ir 和 Ru 中的一种以上的合金、磷化物、碳化物或负载物。 Preferably, the cathode catalyst is a reduction catalyst material capable of catalyzing the reaction of electrons with oxygen and protons to form water, including precious metals Pt, Ir Or Ru, or more than one of the noble metals Pt, Ir and Ru, alloys, phosphides, carbides or supports.
优选的，所述阳极气体流道和阴极气体流道的管道形状为有棱的、无棱的、竖直的或者弯曲的形状。 Preferably, the tubes of the anode gas flow path and the cathode gas flow path are in the shape of a ribbed, non-ribbed, vertical or curved shape.
优选的，所述太阳光收集发射组件为具有反射及折射部件、具有包括平面、曲面或锯齿面结构的且能将无效区域的太阳光收集到有效区域的组件。 Preferably, the solar light collecting and emitting component is a component having a reflecting and refracting component, having a structure including a plane, a curved surface or a sawtooth surface, and capable of collecting the sunlight of the ineffective area to the effective area.
优选的，所述筛网式光电阳极材料和筛网式阴极材料与透湿质子交换膜连接的界面上均有紧密接触的接触点；当阳极气体流道通入高湿度空气，而阴极气体流道通入低湿度空气时，阳极气体流道内的高湿度空气通过阳极侧多孔筛网结构接近接触点，在太阳光照射下，空气内水蒸气在阳极侧多孔筛网结构上阳极光电催化剂的作用下发生光分解产生质子；同时，质子在阳极侧与湿空气中的水分子发生水合作用，形成水合氢离子；与此同时，阴极气体流道内通入低湿度空气，透湿质子交换膜产生由高湿度一侧指向低湿度一侧的湿度差，在该湿度差的驱动下，水合氢离子穿过透湿质子交换膜移至阴极侧；水合氢离子的定向移动使得光催化反应产生的电子相应移动，产生电流，产生发电效果；而在阴极侧的电子与质子和氧气发生反应生成水。 Preferably, the screen-type photoanode material and the screen-type cathode material have close contact points at the interface connecting the moisture-permeable proton exchange membrane; when the anode gas flow path is connected to the high-humidity air, the cathode gas flow When the road passes into the low-humidity air, the high-humidity air in the anode gas flow passage approaches the contact point through the anode-side porous screen structure, and the role of the anode photo-photocatalyst on the anode-side porous screen structure under the sunlight irradiation The photolysis occurs under the protons; at the same time, the protons hydrate with the water molecules in the humid air on the anode side to form hydronium ions; at the same time, the low-humidity air is introduced into the cathode gas flow path, and the moisture-permeable proton exchange membrane is produced. The humidity difference from the high humidity side to the low humidity side, under the driving of the humidity difference, the hydronium ions move through the moisture permeable proton exchange membrane to the cathode side; the directional movement of the hydronium ions causes the photocatalytic reaction to generate electrons Moving accordingly, a current is generated to generate a power generation effect; and electrons on the cathode side react with protons and oxygen to form water.
阳极侧流道内的气体湿度高于阴极侧流道内的气体湿度，两者间的的湿度差势能将转化为电能储存在蓄电装置内。 The humidity of the gas in the anode side flow passage is higher than the humidity of the gas in the cathode side flow passage, and the humidity difference between the two can be converted into electric energy and stored in the electricity storage device.
更优选的，空气在阳极气体流道和阴极气体流道内的流动方式包括顺流、逆流或错流。 More preferably, the flow of air within the anode gas flow path and the cathode gas flow path includes a forward flow, a reverse flow or a cross flow.
优选的，所述湿度差驱动的光催化发电单元为一个以上，且多个湿度差驱动的光催化发电单元的组合方式包括串联式、并联式、复叠式、组合式或多级式。 Preferably, the photocatalytic power generation unit that drives the humidity difference is more than one, and the combination of the plurality of humidity-driven photocatalytic power generation units includes a series, a parallel, a cascade, a combination, or a multi-stage.
本发明装置的催化发电原理为： The principle of catalytic power generation of the device of the invention is:
当太阳光照射在阳极气体流道一侧时，在太阳光的作用下，筛网式光电阳极材料催化层中的光电催化剂电子被激发，产生光生电子 - 空穴对；其中，光生电子为 e- ，光生空穴为 h+ ；光生空穴 h+ 富集在催化材料上，与阳极侧湿空气中的水分子接触，发生 2H2O+4h+→4H++O2 的氧化反应；即在光生空穴 h+ 的氧化作用下，水分子被氧化产生氢离子和氧气；生成的 H+ 和阳极侧湿空气中的水分子发生水合作用，产生水合氢离子，在阴阳两极气体湿度差推动力的作用下穿过透湿质子交换膜迁移到阴极侧，产生的光生电子为 e- 则经过外电路转移到阴极侧，在阴极侧发生 4H++O2+4e-→2H2O 的还原反应，产生的水被阴极侧的干空气带走；于是，电路中产生有效的电流。When sunlight is irradiated on the anode gas flow path side, under the action of sunlight, the photocatalyst electrons in the catalytic layer of the screen-type photoanode material are excited to generate photogenerated electron-hole pairs; wherein the photogenerated electrons are e - the photogenerated hole is h + ; the photogenerated hole h + is enriched on the catalytic material, and is in contact with water molecules in the humid air on the anode side, and an oxidation reaction of 2H 2 O + 4h + → 4H + + O 2 occurs; Under the oxidation of photogenerated holes h + , water molecules are oxidized to produce hydrogen ions and oxygen; the generated H + and water molecules in the humid air on the anode side hydrate, producing hydronium ions, and the difference in humidity between the yin and yang under the action of moisture through the urging force of the proton exchange membrane to migrate to the cathode side, resulting photogenerated electrons e - are transferred via an external circuit to the cathode side occurs 4H + + O 2 + 4e on the cathode side - → 2H 2 O in The reduction reaction produces water that is carried away by the dry air on the cathode side; thus, an effective current is generated in the circuit.
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下优点和有益效果： Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and benefits:
本发明的依赖环境湿度差的光催化发电装置以湿度差为原料，以太阳能为能源驱动，来源广泛，原料清洁可持续；同时，该装置简单紧凑、安全可靠，无运动部件，无固定设备，制作简单，装置无腐蚀、气泡堵塞等问题，具有理论和实践的实施可行性。 The photocatalytic power generation device with low ambient humidity difference of the invention is driven by the difference of humidity as the raw material, driven by solar energy, has a wide source, and the raw material is clean and sustainable; at the same time, the device is simple, compact, safe and reliable, has no moving parts, and has no fixed equipment. It is simple to make, and the device has no problems such as corrosion and bubble blockage, and it has theoretical and practical implementation feasibility.
附图说明DRAWINGS
图 1 为具体实施例中基于依赖环境湿度差的光催化发电装置的光催化发电单元的结构示意图； 1 is a schematic structural view of a photocatalytic power generation unit based on a photocatalytic power generation device that relies on environmental humidity difference in a specific embodiment;
图 2 为具体实施例中基于依赖环境湿度差的光催化发电装置的电极组件的结构示意图； 2 is a schematic structural view of an electrode assembly of a photocatalytic power generation device based on ambient humidity difference in a specific embodiment;
图 3 为具体实施例中基于依赖环境湿度差的光催化发电装置的光催化发电单元的工作原理示意图； 3 is a schematic diagram showing the working principle of a photocatalytic power generation unit based on a photocatalytic power generation device that relies on environmental humidity difference in a specific embodiment;
图 4 为具体实施例中基于依赖环境湿度差的光催化发电装置采用多个光催化发电单元并联组合的示意图； 4 is a schematic diagram of a photocatalytic power generation device based on ambient humidity difference in a specific embodiment, in which a plurality of photocatalytic power generation units are combined in parallel;
图 5 为具体实施例中基于依赖环境湿度差的光催化发电装置采用多个光催化发电单元串联组合的示意图； 5 is a schematic diagram of a photocatalytic power generation device based on ambient humidity difference in a specific embodiment, in which a plurality of photocatalytic power generation units are combined in series;
图 6 为具体实施例中基于依赖环境湿度差的光催化发电装置采用多个光催化发电单元串联 / 并联复合组合的示意图。 6 is a photocatalytic power generation device based on ambient humidity difference in a specific embodiment, using a plurality of photocatalytic power generation units in series / Schematic diagram of a parallel composite combination.
具体实施方式detailed description
以下结合具体实施例及附图对本发明的技术方案作进一步清晰、完整、详细的描述，但本发明的保护范围及实施方式不限于此。显然，所描述的实例仅仅是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于以下实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明的保护范围。 The technical solutions of the present invention are further described in the following with reference to the specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings, but the scope of the present invention and the embodiments thereof are not limited thereto. It is apparent that the described examples are only a part of the embodiments of the invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art based on the following embodiments without departing from the inventive scope are the scope of the invention.
具体实施例中，一种依赖环境湿度差的光催化发电装置，包括湿度差驱动的光催化发电单元、蓄电组件 5 以及太阳光收集发射组件 4 ； In a specific embodiment, a photocatalytic power generation device that relies on environmental humidity difference includes a photocatalytic power generation unit driven by a humidity difference, and a power storage assembly 5 And a solar light collecting and emitting component 4;
湿度差驱动的光催化发电单元从一侧至另一侧，依次包括阳极气体流道 12 、筛网式光电阳极材料 1 、透湿质子交换膜 2 、筛网式阴极材料 3 和阴极气体流道 13 ，结构示意图如图 1 所示； The photocatalytic power generation unit driven by the humidity difference includes an anode gas flow path 12 from one side to the other side, and a screen type photoelectric anode material 1 , a moisture permeable proton exchange membrane 2, a screen cathode material 3 and a cathode gas flow channel 13 , the structural schematic diagram is shown in Figure 1;
其中，筛网式光电阳极材料 1 、透湿质子交换膜 2 和筛网式阴极材料 3 共同组成光催化发电单元的电极组件，结构示意图如图 2 所示；筛网式光电阳极材料 1 和筛网式阴极材料 3 均为多孔筛网结构（如图 2 中 18 所示）；筛网式光电阳极材料 1 与筛网式阴极材料 3 上分别含有阳极光电催化剂和阴极催化剂； Among them, the screen type photoanode material 1 , the moisture permeable proton exchange membrane 2 and the screen cathode material 3 The electrode assembly of the photocatalytic power generation unit is formed together, and the structural schematic diagram is shown in Fig. 2; the screen type photoelectric anode material 1 and the screen type cathode material 3 are both porous screen structures (as shown in Fig. 2) The screen type photoanode material 1 and the screen type cathode material 3 respectively contain an anode photocatalyst and a cathode catalyst;
筛网式光电阳极材料 1 和筛网式阴极材料 3 均为采用包括筛网印刷法、转印法或喷射法，将阳极光电催化剂或阴极催化剂微粒分别紧密附着于金属筛网骨架的表面制备得到；采用的阳极光电催化剂为具有催化光电效应的材料，为包括 TiO2 、 ZnO 或 WO3 的半导体材料，或者为包括杂多酸的非半导体材料；采用的阴极催化剂为可催化电子与氧气和质子反应生成水的还原反应催化剂材料，包括贵金属 Pt 、 Ir 或 Ru ，或者贵金属 Pt 、 Ir 和 Ru 中的一种以上的合金、磷化物、碳化物或负载物；The screen type photoanode material 1 and the screen type cathode material 3 are prepared by using a screen printing method, a transfer method or a spraying method to closely adhere the anode photocatalyst or the cathode catalyst particles to the surface of the metal mesh frame. The anode photoelectrocatalyst used is a material having a catalytic photoelectric effect, a semiconductor material including TiO 2 , ZnO or WO 3 , or a non-semiconductor material including a heteropoly acid; the cathode catalyst used is a catalytic electron and oxygen and a proton a reduction reaction catalyst material for forming water, comprising a noble metal Pt, Ir or Ru, or an alloy, phosphide, carbide or a load of one or more of noble metals Pt, Ir and Ru;
筛网式光电阳极材料 1 与筛网式阴极材料 3 经由导线与蓄电组件 5 相连接，且连接电路中接有电流表和电压表； Screen type photoelectric anode material 1 and screen type cathode material 3 via wire and electricity storage component 5 Connected, and connected to the circuit with an ammeter and a voltmeter;
透湿质子交换膜 2 为同时具备选择性透过水分子和氢离子能力的高性能电解质膜，包括双极膜或两性膜；筛网式光电阳极材料 1 和筛网式阴极材料 3 与透湿质子交换膜 2 连接的界面上均有紧密接触的接触点； Moisture permeable proton exchange membrane 2 A high performance electrolyte membrane capable of selectively permeating water molecules and hydrogen ions, including a bipolar membrane or an amphoteric membrane; a screen type photoanode material 1 and a screen cathode material 3 and a moisture permeable proton exchange membrane 2 Contact points on the connected interface are in close contact;
阳极气体流道 12 和阴极气体流道 13 均设置有进气口和出气口；阳极气体流道 12 和阴极气体流道 13 的进气口外均装有变频风机；阳极气体流道 12 的管壁材料为可透光的绝缘不透气材料；阴极气体流道 13 的管壁材料为绝缘不透气材料；阳极气体流道 12 和阴极气体流道 13 的管道形状为有棱的、无棱的、竖直的或者弯曲的形状； The anode gas flow path 12 and the cathode gas flow path 13 are each provided with an intake port and an outlet port; an anode gas flow path 12 and a cathode gas flow path 13 The inlet air inlet is equipped with a variable frequency fan; the wall material of the anode gas flow channel 12 is a light-permeable insulating and gas-impermeable material; the wall material of the cathode gas flow channel 13 is an insulating and gas-impermeable material; and the anode gas flow path 12 And the shape of the conduit of the cathode gas flow passage 13 is ribbed, non-ribular, vertical or curved;
阳极气体流道 12 的进气口设置有一号风阀 8 和一号温湿度传感器 10 ，阳极气体流道 12 的内部安装有一号流量传感器 14 ，阳极气体流道 12 的出气口设置有二号温湿度传感器 16 ； The inlet of the anode gas flow passage 12 is provided with a damper 8 and a temperature and humidity sensor 10, and an anode gas flow passage 12 The internal flow is installed with a flow sensor 14 , and the outlet of the anode gas flow passage 12 is provided with a temperature and humidity sensor No. 2;
阴极气体流道 13 的进气口设置有二号风阀 9 和三号温湿度传感器 11 ，阴极气体流道 13 的内部安装有二号流量传感器 15 ，阴极气体流道 13 的出气口设置有四号温湿度传感器 17 ； The inlet of the cathode gas flow passage 13 is provided with a second damper 9 and a third temperature and humidity sensor 11, and a cathode gas flow passage 13 The internal flow sensor 15 is installed inside, and the fourth gas temperature and humidity sensor 17 is arranged at the air outlet of the cathode gas flow passage 13;
光催化发电单元的工作原理示意图如图 3 所示，太阳光照射在阳极气体流道一侧时，在光的作用下，筛网式阳极材料催化层中的光催化剂电子被激发，产生光生电子 - 空穴对；其中，光生电子为 e- ，光生空穴为 h+ ；光生空穴 h+ 富集在催化材料上，与阳极侧湿空气中的水分子接触，发生 2H2O+4h+→4H++O2 的氧化反应；即在光生空穴 h+ 的氧化作用下，水分子被氧化产生氢离子和氧气；生成的 H+ 和阳极侧湿空气中的水分子发生水合作用，产生水合氢离子，在阴阳两极气体湿度差推动力的作用下穿过透湿质子交换膜 2 迁移到阴极侧，产生的光生电子为 e- 则经过外电路转移到阴极侧，在阴极侧发生 4H++O2+4e-→2H2O 的还原反应，产生的水被阴极侧的干空气带走；于是电路中产生有效的电流 ；The schematic diagram of the working principle of the photocatalytic power generation unit is shown in Fig. 3. When the sunlight is irradiated on the anode gas flow channel side, under the action of light, the photocatalyst electrons in the catalytic layer of the screen type anode material are excited to generate photogenerated electrons. - a pair of holes; wherein the photogenerated electron is e - and the photogenerated hole is h + ; the photogenerated hole h + is enriched on the catalytic material and contacts the water molecules in the humid air on the anode side to generate 2H 2 O+4h + →4H + +O 2 oxidation reaction; that is, under the oxidation of photogenerated hole h + , water molecules are oxidized to generate hydrogen ions and oxygen; and the generated H + and hydrated water molecules in the anode side hydrate, The hydronium ion is generated and migrates to the cathode side through the moisture-permeable proton exchange membrane 2 under the action of the difference between the humidity of the cathode and the anode gas. The generated photogenerated electron is e - and then transferred to the cathode side through the external circuit, and 4H occurs on the cathode side. + +O 2 +4e - → 2H 2 O reduction reaction, the generated water is carried away by the dry air on the cathode side; thus an effective current is generated in the circuit;
装置运行时，阳极气体流道 12 通入高湿度空气，而阴极气体流道 13 通入低湿度空气，阳极气体流道 12 内的高湿度空气通过阳极侧多孔筛网结构接近接触点，在太阳光照射下，空气内水蒸气在阳极侧多孔筛网结构上阳极光电催化剂的作用下发生光分解产生质子；同时，质子在阳极侧与湿空气中的水分子发生水合作用，形成水合氢离子；与此同时，阴极气体流道 13 内通入低湿度空气，透湿质子交换膜 2 产生由高湿度一侧指向低湿度一侧的湿度差，在该湿度差的驱动下，水合氢离子穿过透湿质子交换膜 2 移至阴极侧；水合氢离子的定向移动使得光催化反应产生的电子相应移动，产生电流，产生发电效果；而在阴极侧的电子与质子和氧气发生反应生成水；其中，空气在阳极气体流道 12 和阴极气体流道 13 内的流动方式包括顺流、逆流或错流； When the apparatus is in operation, the anode gas flow path 12 is supplied with high-humidity air, and the cathode gas flow path 13 is supplied with low-humidity air, and the anode gas flow path 12 The high-humidity air inside is close to the contact point through the anode-side porous screen structure. Under sunlight, the water vapor in the air is photodecomposed to generate protons under the action of the anode photoelectrocatalyst on the anode-side porous screen structure; meanwhile, the protons are The anode side hydrates with water molecules in the humid air to form hydronium ions; at the same time, the cathode gas flow path 13 is introduced into the low-humidity air, and the moisture-permeable proton exchange membrane 2 generates a humidity difference from the high-humidity side to the low-humidity side. Under the driving of the humidity difference, the hydronium ions pass through the moisture-permeable proton exchange membrane 2 Moving to the cathode side; the directional movement of the hydronium ions causes the electrons generated by the photocatalytic reaction to move correspondingly, generating an electric current to generate a power generation effect; and the electrons on the cathode side react with protons and oxygen to form water; wherein the air is in the anode gas stream Road 12 and the flow pattern in the cathode gas flow passage 13 includes a forward flow, a reverse flow or a cross flow;
湿度差驱动的光催化发电单元为一个以上，且多个湿度差驱动的光催化发电单元的组合方式包括串联式、并联式、复叠式、组合式或多级式； The combination of the photocatalytic power generation unit driven by the humidity difference is more than one, and the combination of the plurality of humidity difference driven photocatalytic power generation units includes a series, a parallel type, a cascade type, a combination type or a multistage type;
图 4 、图 5 和图 6 分别为采用多个光催化发电单元并通过并联、串联和串 / 并联复合的形式进行组合的示意图； Figure 4, Figure 5 and Figure 6 show the use of multiple photocatalytic power generation units through parallel, series and string / A schematic diagram of a combination of parallel composite forms;
其中，采用多个光催化发电单元并联组合的示意图如图 4 所示；发电过程中，首先打开一号变频风机 19 和二号变频风机 20 ，使得高湿空气和低湿空气分别流过第二个光催化发电单元 21 至第 n 个光催化发电单元 22 ，然后再分别汇成一股，流入环境空气中；然后打开光照射组件，在光催化作用以及湿度差的驱动下，各个发电单元产生电能并经过回路汇集到 蓄电装置中； Among them, a schematic diagram of using a plurality of photocatalytic power generating units in parallel combination is shown in FIG. 4; in the power generating process, the first variable frequency fan is first turned on. And the second variable frequency fan 20, so that the high humidity air and the low humidity air respectively flow through the second photocatalytic power generation unit 21 to the nth photocatalytic power generation unit 22 And then merged into a single stream, flowing into the ambient air; then turning on the light-irradiating component, driven by photocatalysis and humidity difference, each power generating unit generates electric energy and collects it into the power storage device through the circuit;
采用多个光催化发电单元串联组合的示意图如图 5 所示， 不同于并联组合方式， 发电过程中，高湿空气和低湿空气分别以串联的形式流过第二个光催化发电单元 21 至第 n 个光催化发电单元 22 ，再流入环境空气中； A schematic diagram of a series combination of a plurality of photocatalytic power generating units is shown in FIG. 5, which is different from the parallel combination method. During the power generation process, the high-humidity air and the low-humidity air respectively flow through the second photocatalytic power generation unit 21 to the nth photocatalytic power generation unit 22 in series, and then flow into the ambient air;
采用多个光催化发电单元串 / 并联复合组合的示意图 如图 6 所示 ，从横向看，每一行的光催化发电单元以串联方式相互连接；从纵向看，每一列的光催化发电单元以并联方式连接；各个光催化发电单元产生电能并经过回路汇集到蓄电装置中； A schematic diagram of a series/parallel composite combination using multiple photocatalytic power generation units is shown in Figure 6. From the lateral direction, each row of photocatalytic power generation units are connected to each other in series; from the longitudinal direction, each column of photocatalytic power generation units are connected in parallel; each photocatalytic power generation unit generates electric energy and is collected into the power storage device through the circuit. ;
太阳光收集发射组件 4 为具有反射及折射部件、具有包括平面、曲面或锯齿面结构的且能将无效区域的太阳光收集到有效区域的组件；太阳光收集发射组件 4 置于光催化发电单元的靠近阳极气体流道 12 一侧，具有收集太阳光的功能并能将收集的太阳光照射在阳极气体流道 2 上。 Solar light collection and launching component 4 a component having a reflecting and refracting member having a planar, curved or serrated surface structure and capable of collecting the inactive area of sunlight into an effective area; the solar light collecting and emitting unit 4 is disposed adjacent to the anode gas flow path of the photocatalytic power generating unit The 12 side has the function of collecting sunlight and can illuminate the collected sunlight on the anode gas flow path 2.
以上实施例为本发明的较优实施例，而不是全部的实施例，仅在于对本发明的技术方案作进一步清晰、完整、详细的描述。基于以上实施例，其他任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化等在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，均应为等效的置换方式，都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。 The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments, and only further clear, complete and detailed description of the technical solutions of the present invention. Based on the above embodiments, any other embodiments obtained without departing from the spirit and principles of the present invention, without departing from the inventive scope, should be The manner of replacement is included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims (10)

  1. 一种依赖环境湿度差的光催化发电装置，其特征在于，包括湿度差驱动的光催化发电单元、蓄电组件（ 5 ）以及太阳光收集发射组件（ 4 ）； A photocatalytic power generation device that relies on a difference in ambient humidity, characterized in that a photocatalytic power generation unit including a humidity difference drive, and a power storage component (5) And a solar light collecting and emitting component (4);
    所述湿度差驱动的光催化发电单元从一侧至另一侧，依次包括阳极气体流道（ 12 ）、筛网式光电阳极材料（ 1 ）、透湿质子交换膜（ 2 ）、筛网式阴极材料（ 3 ）和阴极气体流道（ 13 ）；其中，筛网式光电阳极材料（ 1 ）、透湿质子交换膜（ 2 ）和筛网式阴极材料（ 3 ）共同组成光催化发电单元的电极组件；The humidity-driven photocatalytic power generation unit sequentially includes an anode gas flow channel (12) and a screen-type photoanode material from one side to the other side (1) , a moisture permeable proton exchange membrane (2), a screen cathode material (3), and a cathode gas flow channel (13); wherein, a screen type photoanode material (1), a moisture permeable proton exchange membrane (2) And the screen cathode material (3) together constitute an electrode assembly of the photocatalytic power generation unit;
    所述阳极气体流道（ 12 ）和阴极气体流道（ 13 ）均设置有进气口和出气口；所述阳极气体流道（ 12 ）和阴极气体流道（ 13 ）的进气口外均装有变频风机；The anode gas flow channel (12) and the cathode gas flow channel (13) are both provided with an inlet port and an outlet port; the anode gas channel (12) and the cathode gas channel ( 13) The variable air blower is installed outside the air inlet;
    所述阳极气体流道（ 12 ）的进气口设置有一号风阀（ 8 ）和一号温湿度传感器（ 10 ），所述阳极气体流道（ 12 ）的内部安装有一号流量传感器（ 14 ），所述阳极气体流道（ 12 ）的出气口设置有二号温湿度传感器（ 16 ）；The inlet of the anode gas flow passage (12) is provided with a damper (8) and a temperature and humidity sensor (10), and the anode gas flow passage (12) The inside of the anode is installed with a flow sensor (14), the outlet of the anode gas flow channel (12) is provided with a temperature and humidity sensor (16);
    所述阴极气体流道（ 13 ）的进气口设置有二号风阀（ 9 ）和三号温湿度传感器（ 11 ），所述阴极气体流道（ 13 ）的内部安装有二号流量传感器（ 15 ），所述阴极气体流道（ 13 ）的出气口设置有四号温湿度传感器（ 17 ）；The inlet of the cathode gas flow passage (13) is provided with a second damper (9) and a third temperature and humidity sensor (11), and the cathode gas flow passage (13) The inside is installed with a flow sensor No. 2 (15), and the outlet of the cathode gas flow passage (13) is provided with a temperature and humidity sensor No. 4 (17);
    所述筛网式光电阳极材料（ 1 ）和筛网式阴极材料（ 3 ）均为多孔筛网结构；所述筛网式光电阳极材料（ 1 ）与筛网式阴极材料（ 3 ）上分别含有阳极光电催化剂和阴极催化剂；所述筛网式光电阳极材料（ 1 ）与筛网式阴极材料（ 3 ）经由导线与蓄电组件（ 5 ）相连接，且连接电路中接有电流表和电压表；The screen type photoanode material (1) and the screen type cathode material (3) are both a porous screen structure; the screen type photoelectric anode material (1) And the screen cathode material (3) respectively containing an anode photocatalyst and a cathode catalyst; the screen type photoanode material (1) and the screen cathode material (3) via a wire and a storage component (5) ) connected, and connected to the circuit with an ammeter and a voltmeter;
    所述太阳光收集发射组件（ 4 ）置于光催化发电单元的靠近阳极气体流道（ 12 ）一侧，具有收集太阳光的功能并能将收集的太阳光照射在阳极气体流道（ 2 ）上。The sunlight collecting and emitting component (4) is placed in the photocatalytic power generating unit near the anode gas flow path (12) On one side, it has the function of collecting sunlight and can illuminate the collected sunlight on the anode gas flow path (2).
  2. 根据权利要求 1 所述的一种依赖环境湿度差的光催化发电装置，其特征在于，所述阳极气体流道（ 12 ）的管壁材料为可透光的绝缘不透气材料；所述阴极气体流道（ 13 ）的管壁材料为绝缘不透气材料。A photocatalytic power generation device dependent on ambient humidity difference according to claim 1, wherein said anode gas flow path (12 The wall material of the tube is a light-permeable insulating gas-impermeable material; the material of the tube wall of the cathode gas flow path (13) is an insulating and gas-impermeable material.
  3. 根据权利要求 1 所述的一种依赖环境湿度差的光催化发电装置，其特征在于，所述透湿质子交换膜（ 2 ）为同时具备选择性透过水分子和氢离子能力的高性能电解质膜，包括双极膜或两性膜。The photocatalytic power generation device according to claim 1, wherein the moisture permeable proton exchange membrane (2) It is a high-performance electrolyte membrane that has the ability to selectively permeate water molecules and hydrogen ions, including bipolar membranes or amphoteric membranes.
  4. 根据权利要求 1 所述的一种依赖环境湿度差的光催化发电装置，其特征在于，所述筛网式光电阳极材料（ 1 ）和筛网式阴极材料（ 3 ）均为采用包括筛网印刷法、转印法或喷射法，将阳极光电催化剂或阴极催化剂微粒分别紧密附着于金属筛网骨架的表面制备得到。The photocatalytic power generation device according to claim 1, wherein the screen type photoanode material (1) and the screen type cathode material ( 3) It is prepared by using a screen printing method, a transfer method or a spraying method to closely adhere the anode photocatalyst or the cathode catalyst particles to the surface of the metal mesh frame.
  5. 根据权利要求 1 所述的一种依赖环境湿度差的光催化发电装置，其特征在于，所述阳极光电催化剂为具有催化光电效应的材料，为包括 TiO2 、 ZnO 或 WO3 的半导体材料，或者为包括杂多酸的非半导体材料；所述阴极催化剂为可催化电子与氧气和质子反应生成水的还原反应催化剂材料，包括贵金属 Pt 、 Ir 或 Ru ，或者贵金属 Pt 、 Ir 和 Ru 中的一种以上的合金、磷化物、碳化物或负载物。The photocatalytic power generation device according to claim 1, wherein the anode photoelectrocatalyst is a material having a catalytic photoelectric effect, and is a semiconductor material including TiO 2 , ZnO or WO 3 , or a non-semiconductor material comprising a heteropolyacid; the cathode catalyst is a reduction catalyst material capable of catalyzing the reaction of electrons with oxygen and protons to form water, including noble metal Pt, Ir or Ru, or one of noble metals Pt, Ir and Ru The above alloys, phosphides, carbides or loads.
  6. 根据权利要求 1 所述的一种依赖环境湿度差的光催化发电装置，其特征在于，所述阳极气体流道（ 12 ）和阴极气体流道（ 13 ）的管道形状为有棱的、无棱的、竖直的或者弯曲的形状。The photocatalytic power generation device according to claim 1, wherein the anode gas flow path (12) and the cathode gas flow path (13) The shape of the pipe is ribbed, ribbed, vertical or curved.
  7. 根据权利要求 1 所述的一种依赖环境湿度差的光催化发电装置，其特征在于，所述太阳光收集发射组件（ 4 ）为具有反射及折射部件、具有包括平面、曲面或锯齿面结构的且能将无效区域的太阳光收集到有效区域的组件。The photocatalytic power generation device according to claim 1, wherein the solar light collecting and emitting device (4) A component having a reflective and refractive component having a planar, curved or serrated surface structure that collects sunlight from an inactive area to an active area.
  8. 根据权利要求 1 所述的一种依赖环境湿度差的光催化发电装置，其特征在于，所述筛网式光电阳极材料（ 1 ）和筛网式阴极材料（ 3 ）与透湿质子交换膜（ 2 ）连接的界面上均有紧密接触的接触点；当阳极气体流道（ 12 ）通入高湿度空气，而阴极气体流道（ 13 ）通入低湿度空气时，阳极气体流道（ 12 ）内的高湿度空气通过阳极侧多孔筛网结构接近接触点，在太阳光照射下，空气内水蒸气在阳极侧多孔筛网结构上阳极光电催化剂的作用下发生光分解产生质子；同时，质子在阳极侧与湿空气中的水分子发生水合作用，形成水合氢离子；与此同时，阴极气体流道（ 13 ）内通入低湿度空气，透湿质子交换膜（ 2 ）产生由高湿度一侧指向低湿度一侧的湿度差，在该湿度差的驱动下，水合氢离子穿过透湿质子交换膜（ 2 ）移至阴极侧；水合氢离子的定向移动使得光催化反应产生的电子相应移动，产生电流，产生发电效果。The photocatalytic power generation device according to claim 1, wherein the screen type photoanode material (1) and the screen type cathode material ( 3) There are close contact points on the interface connected with the moisture permeable proton exchange membrane (2); when the anode gas flow channel (12) is introduced into the high humidity air, the cathode gas flow path (13) ) When introducing low humidity air, the anode gas flow path (12) The high-humidity air in the anode is close to the contact point through the anode-side porous screen structure. Under sunlight, the water vapor in the air undergoes photolysis to generate protons under the action of the anode photoelectrocatalyst on the anode-side porous screen structure; meanwhile, protons On the anode side, water molecules in the humid air hydrate to form hydronium ions; at the same time, the cathode gas flow path (at the same time) 13) Passing low-humidity air, the moisture-permeable proton exchange membrane (2) produces a humidity difference from the high-humidity side to the low-humidity side, and under the driving of the humidity difference, the hydronium ion passes through the moisture-permeable proton exchange membrane. ( 2 Moving to the cathode side; the directional movement of the hydronium ions causes the electrons generated by the photocatalytic reaction to move correspondingly, generating an electric current, and generating a power generation effect.
  9. 根据权利要求 8 所述的一种依赖环境湿度差的光催化发电装置，其特征在于，空气在阳极气体流道（ 12 ）和阴极气体流道（ 13 ）内的流动方式包括顺流、逆流或错流。A photocatalytic power generation device dependent on ambient humidity difference according to claim 8, wherein the air is in the anode gas flow path (12) and the cathode gas flow path ( The flow patterns within 13) include downstream, countercurrent or cross-flow.
  10. 根据权利要求 1 所述的一种依赖环境湿度差的光催化发电装置，其特征在于，所述湿度差驱动的光催化发电单元为一个以上，且多个湿度差驱动的光催化发电单元的组合方式包括串联式、并联式、复叠式、组合式或多级式。According to claim 1 The photocatalytic power generation device according to the ambient humidity difference is characterized in that the combination of the photocatalytic power generation units driven by the humidity difference is one or more, and the combination of the plurality of humidity difference driven photocatalytic power generation units includes a series type , parallel, cascade, combined or multi-stage.
PCT/CN2018/112827 2018-04-09 2018-10-30 Photocatalytic power generation apparatus based on ambient humidity difference WO2019196388A1 (en)

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