WO2019187458A1 - Railroad inspection device and railroad inspection method - Google Patents

Railroad inspection device and railroad inspection method Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019187458A1
WO2019187458A1 PCT/JP2018/048518 JP2018048518W WO2019187458A1 WO 2019187458 A1 WO2019187458 A1 WO 2019187458A1 JP 2018048518 W JP2018048518 W JP 2018048518W WO 2019187458 A1 WO2019187458 A1 WO 2019187458A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
inspection
light
transparent window
optical sensor
opening
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2018/048518
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
翔太 香月
真太郎 河合
貴久 石田
礼健 志澤
光夫 坂井
Original Assignee
株式会社日立ハイテクファインシステムズ
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by 株式会社日立ハイテクファインシステムズ filed Critical 株式会社日立ハイテクファインシステムズ
Publication of WO2019187458A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019187458A1/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61K—AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR RAILWAYS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B61K9/00—Railway vehicle profile gauges; Detecting or indicating overheating of components; Apparatus on locomotives or cars to indicate bad track sections; General design of track recording vehicles
    • B61K9/08—Measuring installations for surveying permanent way
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a railway inspection device and a railway inspection method for inspecting railway facilities such as railroad tracks (rails) and overhead lines (trolley lines), and in particular, irradiates inspection objects such as laser beams to inspection objects.
  • the present invention also relates to a railway inspection device and a railway inspection method provided with an optical sensor unit that receives reflected light or scattered light from an inspection object.
  • the trajectory inspection device that measures the displacement of the trajectory includes an optical sensor unit that irradiates the trajectory with inspection light such as laser light and receives reflected light or scattered light from the trajectory, and detects the trajectory from the detection signal of the optical sensor unit. The amount of displacement is measured.
  • an optical sensor unit that irradiates the trajectory with inspection light such as laser light and receives reflected light or scattered light from the trajectory, and detects the trajectory from the detection signal of the optical sensor unit. The amount of displacement is measured.
  • the optical sensor unit of the trajectory inspection device is housed in a housing and installed in a railway vehicle in order to protect it from dust and water droplets.
  • the casing is provided with a transparent window with a transparent plate made of glass or the like, and the inspection light generated from the optical sensor unit passes through the transparent window and is irradiated onto the orbit, and reflected or scattered from the orbit. The light passes through the transparent window and is received by the optical sensor unit. If foreign matter such as mud or water droplets adheres to this transparent window due to dust scattering or rain water splashing, the inspection light from the optical sensor unit, or the reflected or scattered light from the orbit is absorbed, reflected or scattered by the attached matter. Thus, the amount of displacement of the trajectory cannot be measured accurately. Therefore, conventionally, it has been necessary to frequently clean the transparent window. Further, when deposits are generated on the transparent window during the measurement, the subsequent measurement results are wasted, and there is a problem that it takes time for remeasurement.
  • An object of the present invention is to prevent foreign matter from adhering to a transparent window through which inspection light from an optical sensor unit and light from an inspection object are transmitted.
  • the railway inspection and measurement apparatus of the present invention is installed in a railway vehicle, irradiates an inspection object with an inspection light, receives light from the inspection object, and outputs a detection signal; and an inspection object And an optical sensor unit provided with a transparent window through which inspection light and light from the inspection object pass, and a windproof cover attached between the inspection object and the transparent window. Is characterized by having a plurality of windbreak rooms that gradually weaken the flow of air toward the transparent window, and openings through which the inspection light and the light from the inspection object pass.
  • the railway inspection method of the present invention includes an optical sensor unit that irradiates an inspection object with an inspection light, receives light from the inspection object, and outputs a detection signal to a railway vehicle.
  • a transparent window through which light and light from the inspection object are transmitted is provided between the inspection object and the optical sensor unit, and a plurality of windbreak chambers and an opening through which the inspection light and light from the inspection object pass.
  • a windproof cover with a gap between the inspection object and the transparent window is attached between the inspection object and the transparent window.
  • the inspection object is irradiated through the opening, the light from the inspection object is received by the optical sensor unit through the opening and the transparent window, and a detection signal is output.
  • an optical sensor unit When an optical sensor unit is installed in a railway vehicle and a transparent window through which inspection light and light from the inspection object are transmitted is provided between the inspection object and the optical sensor unit, air generated by traveling of the vehicle The flow of light hits the transparent window while entraining foreign matter such as dust and water droplets.
  • the flow of air toward the transparent window is gradually reduced by the plurality of windproof chambers of the windproof cover attached between the inspection object and the transparent window, so that dust, water droplets, etc. carried to the transparent window are reduced. Foreign matter is reduced, and foreign matter is prevented from adhering to the transparent window.
  • the inspection light from the optical sensor unit passes through the transparent window, passes through the opening of the windproof cover, and is irradiated to the inspection object. Light from the inspection object passes through the opening of the windproof cover, passes through the transparent window, and is received by the optical sensor unit.
  • the railway inspection and measurement apparatus is installed in a railway vehicle, irradiates an inspection object with an inspection light, receives light from the inspection object, and outputs a detection signal; and an inspection A transparent window provided between the object and the optical sensor unit, through which the inspection light and light from the inspection object pass, and a windproof cover attached between the inspection object and the transparent window;
  • the windbreak cover has a plurality of windbreak chambers that gradually weaken the flow of air toward the transparent window, a first opening through which the inspection light passes, and a second opening through which the light from the inspection object passes. It is characterized by.
  • the railway inspection method of the present invention includes an optical sensor unit that irradiates an inspection object with an inspection light, receives light from the inspection object, and outputs a detection signal to a railway vehicle.
  • a transparent window through which light and light from the inspection object are transmitted is provided between the inspection object and the optical sensor unit, and a plurality of windbreak chambers, a first opening through which the inspection light passes, and the inspection object
  • a windproof cover having a second opening through which light passes is attached between the inspection object and the transparent window, and the plurality of windproof chambers gradually reduce the flow of air toward the transparent window while optical sensors are used.
  • the inspection light irradiated from the unit is irradiated to the inspection object through the transparent window and the first opening, and the light from the inspection object is received by the optical sensor unit through the second opening and the transparent window and detected. It is characterized by outputting a signal .
  • an optical sensor unit When an optical sensor unit is installed in a railway vehicle and a transparent window through which inspection light and light from the inspection object are transmitted is provided between the inspection object and the optical sensor unit, air generated by traveling of the vehicle The flow of light hits the transparent window while entraining foreign matter such as dust and water droplets.
  • the flow of air toward the transparent window is gradually reduced by the plurality of windproof chambers of the windproof cover attached between the inspection object and the transparent window, so that dust, water droplets, etc. carried to the transparent window are reduced. Foreign matter is reduced, and foreign matter is prevented from adhering to the transparent window.
  • the inspection light from the optical sensor unit passes through the transparent window, passes through the first opening of the windproof cover, and is irradiated to the inspection object.
  • the light from the inspection object passes through the second opening of the windproof cover, passes through the transparent window, and is received by the optical sensor unit. Since the first opening through which the inspection light passes and the second opening through which the light from the inspection object passes are provided separately, the first opening and the second opening are compared with the case where both are made common. The width is small and the inflow of air into each windbreak room is reduced.
  • the railway inspection and measurement apparatus of the present invention includes a housing that houses an optical sensor unit and has a transparent window attached thereto, and the housing has a concave windproof cover mounting portion for inserting the windproof cover.
  • the optical sensor unit is housed in a housing with a transparent window, a concave windproof cover mounting portion is provided in the housing, and the windproof cover is inserted into the windproof cover mounting portion. It is characterized by that. Unevenness at the boundary between the housing and the windproof cover is reduced, and generation of wind toward the windproof room of the windproof cover due to the unevenness is suppressed.
  • the railway inspection device of the present invention is characterized in that the width of the second opening is larger than the width of the first opening.
  • the railroad inspection method of the present invention is characterized in that the width of the second opening is made larger than the width of the first opening.
  • the windproof cover has a plurality of second openings, and the plurality of second openings are closer to the transparent window and have a smaller longitudinal dimension and width. It is characterized by.
  • the windproof cover is provided with a plurality of second openings, and the longitudinal dimensions and widths of the plurality of second openings are made smaller as they are closer to the transparent window.
  • the width of the second opening is made larger than the width of the first opening, the air flow generated by the traveling of the vehicle is mainly directed to the transparent window through the second opening. Since the longitudinal dimension and the width of the plurality of second openings are made smaller as they are closer to the transparent window, the air flow toward the transparent window through the plurality of second openings approaches the transparent window. Effectively weakened.
  • the railway inspection and measurement apparatus of the present invention is characterized in that the windproof cover has a plurality of first openings, and the plurality of first openings are larger in the longitudinal direction as they are farther from the optical sensor unit.
  • the railroad inspection method of the present invention is characterized in that a plurality of first openings are provided in a windproof cover, and the longitudinal dimension of the plurality of first openings is increased as the distance from the optical sensor unit increases. To do. When the irradiation angle of the inspection light irradiated from the optical sensor unit is changed according to the displacement of the inspection object, the irradiation range of the inspection light becomes wider as the distance from the optical sensor unit increases. Since the longitudinal dimension of the plurality of first openings is increased as the distance from the optical sensor unit increases, it is possible to cope with a case where the irradiation angle of the inspection light is changed according to the displacement of the inspection object.
  • the railway inspection device of the present invention is characterized in that any of the plurality of windbreak rooms has a smaller volume than the adjacent windbreak room far from the transparent window.
  • the railway inspection method of the present invention is characterized in that the volume of any of the plurality of windbreak rooms is made smaller than the volume of the adjacent windbreak room far from the transparent window. The air flow toward the transparent window is effectively weakened when moving from the large-capacity windbreak chamber to the small-capacity windbreak chamber.
  • the present invention it is possible to suppress foreign matter from adhering to the transparent window through which the inspection light from the optical sensor unit and the light from the inspection object are transmitted.
  • the optical sensor unit is housed in a housing with a transparent window, a concave windproof cover mounting portion is provided in the housing, and the windproof cover is inserted into the windproof cover mounting portion, thereby The unevenness at the boundary of the windshield is reduced, and it is possible to suppress the generation of wind toward the windproof room of the windproof cover due to the unevenness.
  • the first opening and the second opening are compared with the case where both are made common.
  • the width of the opening can be made small, and the inflow of air into each windproof room can be reduced.
  • the width of the second opening larger than the width of the first opening, it is possible to pass light from the inspection object having different passage positions according to the displacement of the inspection object.
  • the air flow toward the transparent window through the plurality of second openings can be reduced. As you approach, you can effectively weaken.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of a trajectory inspection device according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure explaining operation
  • FIG. 3A is a perspective view of the windproof cover 40
  • FIG. 3B is a perspective view of the windproof cover 50.
  • 4A is a top view of the windproof cover 40 according to the first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4B is a front view of the windproof cover 40 according to the first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. ) Is a bottom view of the windproof cover 40 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • 5A is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. 4A, FIG.
  • FIG. 5B is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB of FIG. 4B
  • FIG. 5C is a cross-sectional view of FIG. It is CC sectional view.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the path of reflected light from the orbit.
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the windproof cover 40 according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a windproof cover 40 according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • 9A is a top view of the windproof cover 50 according to the embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 9B is a front view of the windproof cover 50 according to the embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 9C is the present invention. It is a bottom view of the windproof cover 50 by one embodiment.
  • 10 (a) is a cross-sectional view taken along the line DD in FIG. 9 (a)
  • FIG. 10 (b) is a cross-sectional view taken along the line EE in FIG. 9 (b
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a trajectory inspection device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the trajectory inspection / measurement device 100 includes an optical sensor unit 10, an optical sensor unit 20, a housing 30, a windproof cover 40, and a windproof cover 50.
  • the trajectory inspection device 100 includes two sets of optical sensor units 10 and 20 corresponding to the left and right trajectories of the railway in a symmetrical manner. FIG. The parts are shown.
  • the trajectory inspection device 100 includes an optical fiber gyro, an accelerometer, a calculation device, a control unit, a data processing device, and the like.
  • the optical sensor unit 10 includes a laser displacement meter 11, a mirror 12, a motor 13, and an angle detector 14.
  • the optical sensor unit 20 includes a laser displacement meter 21, a mirror 22, a motor 23, and an angle detector 24.
  • the housing 30 has transparent windows 31 and 32 made of transparent glass or the like through which inspection light generated from the laser displacement meters 11 and 21 is transmitted, and houses the optical sensor units 10 and 20. In addition, when the space under the floor of the vehicle is closed with a bottom plate, such as a Shinkansen car body, the housing 30 is not necessary if a transparent window is provided on the bottom plate.
  • the housing 30 is provided with concave windproof cover mounting portions 30a and 30b into which the windproof covers 40 and 50 are inserted.
  • FIG. 1 shows a state before the wind-proof covers 40 and 50 are attached to the housing 30.
  • the wind-proof covers 40 and 50 are inserted into the wind-proof cover mounting portions 30 a and 30 b in the direction of the arrow and attached to the housing 30. It is attached.
  • casing 30 and the windproof covers 40 and 50 decreases, and it is suppressed that the wind which goes into the windproof room mentioned later of the windproof covers 40 and 50 by an unevenness
  • the windproof covers 40 and 50 detachable when the transparent windows 31 and 32 need to be cleaned, the windproof covers 40 and 50 can be removed and the transparent windows 31 and 32 can be cleaned.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the trajectory inspection device according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the housing 30 in which the optical sensor units 10 and 20 are housed and the windproof covers 40 and 50 are attached is installed under the floor of the vehicle body of the railway vehicle 4 or in the bogie frame.
  • the laser displacement meter 11 of the optical sensor unit 10 generates laser light that becomes inspection light S1.
  • the inspection light S ⁇ b> 1 generated from the laser displacement meter 11 is reflected by the mirror 12, passes through the transparent window 31 of the housing 30, and is irradiated to the windproof cover 40.
  • the inspection light S1 passes through first openings 41a, 42a, 43a, which will be described later, of the windproof cover 40, and is irradiated onto the track 3.
  • Reflected light (not shown) from the track 3 passes through a later-described second opening of the windproof cover 40, passes through the transparent window 31, is reflected by the mirror 12, and is received by the laser displacement meter 11.
  • the laser displacement meter 11 outputs a detection signal corresponding to interference due to the phase difference between the inspection light S1 and the reflected light from the orbit 3.
  • the motor 13 is composed of a servo motor, for example, and rotates the mirror 12 to vary the irradiation angle of the inspection light S1 from the optical sensor unit 10.
  • the two-dot chain lines on both sides of the inspection light S1 indicate the fluctuation range of the irradiation angle of the inspection light S1.
  • the angle detector 14 detects the rotation angle of the motor 13.
  • the laser displacement meter 21 of the optical sensor unit 20 generates a laser beam as the inspection light S2.
  • the inspection light S ⁇ b> 2 generated from the laser displacement meter 21 is reflected by the mirror 22, passes through the transparent window 32 of the housing 30, and is irradiated to the windproof cover 50.
  • the inspection light S ⁇ b> 2 passes through a first opening (to be described later) of the windproof cover 50 and is irradiated obliquely onto the track 3.
  • Reflected light (not shown) from the track 3 passes through second openings 53b, 52b, 51b (to be described later) of the windproof cover 50, passes through the transparent window 32, is reflected by the mirror 22, and is reflected by the laser displacement meter 21.
  • the laser displacement meter 21 outputs a detection signal corresponding to the interference due to the phase difference between the inspection light S2 and the reflected light from the orbit 3.
  • the motor 23 is composed of, for example, a servo motor, and rotates the mirror 22 to change the irradiation angle of the inspection light S2 from the optical sensor unit 20.
  • the angle detector 24 detects the rotation angle of the motor 23.
  • An arithmetic device calculates the relative position between the track 3 and the laser displacement meters 11 and 21 from the detection signals of the laser displacement meters 11 and 21 and the detection results of the angle detectors 14 and 24. Then, a control unit (not shown) causes the motors 13 and 23 so that the inspection lights S1 and S2 track the track 3 in accordance with a change in the relative position between the track 3 and the laser displacement meters 11 and 21 calculated by the calculation device. To adjust the angles of the mirrors 12 and 22.
  • FIG. 3A is a perspective view of the windproof cover 40.
  • the windproof cover 40 has a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape and is made of a material having high strength such as iron, stainless steel, and aluminum.
  • An upper plate 41 is attached to the upper surface of the windproof cover 40.
  • the upper plate 41 has a first opening 41a through which the inspection light S1 passes and a second opening 41b through which the reflected light R1 from the track 3 passes. Is provided.
  • a middle plate and a lower plate are attached to the inside of the windproof cover 40.
  • the first plate through which the inspection light S1 passes and the reflected light from the track 3 are also passed through the middle plate and the lower plate.
  • a second opening through which R1 passes is provided.
  • FIG. 3B is a perspective view of the windproof cover 50.
  • the windproof cover 50 has a shape in which a rectangular parallelepiped is placed on a rectangular lower plate, and a triangular prism that is tilted sideways is placed on the upper surface of the rectangular parallelepiped, and is made of a high-strength material such as iron, stainless steel, or aluminum. Yes.
  • An intermediate plate 52 is attached to the upper surface of the rectangular parallelepiped portion, and an upper lid 51 is attached to the upper surface of the intermediate plate 52.
  • a lower plate 53 is attached to the bottom surface of the rectangular parallelepiped portion.
  • the lower plate 53 is provided with a first opening 53a through which the inspection light S2 passes.
  • the upper lid 51 is provided with a second opening 51b through which reflected light from the track 3 passes.
  • the middle plate 52 and the lower plate 53 are also provided with a second opening through which reflected light from the track 3 passes, as will be described later.
  • FIG. 4A is a top view of the windproof cover 40 according to the first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4B is a front view of the windproof cover 40 according to the first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. ) Is a bottom view of the windproof cover 40 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the upper plate 41 on the upper surface of the windproof cover 40 is provided with a first opening 41a and a second opening 41b.
  • the first opening 41a and the second opening 41b are elongated slit-like rectangles, and the first opening 41a and the second opening 41b are provided in parallel.
  • FIG. 4A is a top view of the windproof cover 40 according to the first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4B is a front view of the windproof cover 40 according to the first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. ) Is a bottom view of the windproof cover 40 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the upper plate 41 on the upper surface of the windproof cover 40 is provided with
  • the lower plate 43 is provided with a first opening 43a and a second opening 43b.
  • the first opening 41a and the second opening 41b of the upper plate 41, the middle plate 42, the first opening 42a and the second opening 42b of the middle plate 42, the lower plate 43, and The first opening 43a and the second opening 43b of the lower plate 43 are indicated by broken lines.
  • FIG. 5 (a) is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA of FIG. 4 (a).
  • a windproof chamber 40a is formed between the upper plate 41 and the middle plate 42
  • a windproof chamber 40b is formed between the middle plate 42 and the lower plate 43
  • a windproof chamber 40 c is formed below the lower plate 43.
  • the housing 30 containing the optical sensor units 10 and 20 is installed under the floor of the vehicle body of the railway vehicle 4 or the bogie frame, and is located near the surface of the railway track. Therefore, the air flow generated by the traveling of the vehicle 4 is It strikes the transparent windows 31 and 32 of the housing 30 while entraining foreign matters such as dust and water droplets on the surface of the track.
  • the air flow toward the transparent window 31 is gradually reduced by the plurality of windproof chambers 40c, 40b, and 40a of the windproof cover 40, so that foreign matters such as dust and water droplets carried to the transparent window 31 are removed. This reduces the amount of foreign matter attached to the transparent window 31.
  • FIG. 5 (b) is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB of FIG. 4 (b).
  • a first opening 42a and a second opening 42b are provided in the middle plate 42 that separates the windproof chamber 40a and the windproof chamber 40b.
  • the first opening 42a and the second opening 42b are elongated slit-like rectangles, and the first opening 42a and the second opening 42b are provided in parallel.
  • FIG. 5C is a cross-sectional view taken along the line CC of FIG.
  • the lower plate 43 that separates the windproof chamber 40b and the windproof chamber 40c is provided with a first opening 43a and a second opening 43b.
  • the first opening 43a and the second opening 43b are elongated slit-like rectangles, and the first opening 43a and the second opening 43b are provided in parallel.
  • the longer one is referred to as “longitudinal dimension” and the shorter one is referred to as “width”.
  • the “longitudinal dimension” of the first opening and the second opening is a dimension in the left-right direction of the trajectory 3, and the first opening and the second opening.
  • “Width” is a dimension in the direction in which the track 3 is laid (the traveling direction of the vehicle 4).
  • the inspection light S1 from the optical sensor unit 10 passes through the transparent window 31, passes through the first openings 41a, 42a, and 43a, and is irradiated onto the track 3.
  • the reflected light R1 from the orbit 3 shown in FIG. 3A passes through the second openings 43b, 42b, and 41b, passes through the transparent window 31, and is received by the optical sensor unit 10. Since the first openings 41a, 42a, 43a through which the inspection light S1 from the optical sensor unit 10 passes and the second openings 41b, 42b, 43b through which the reflected light R1 from the orbit 3 passes are provided separately. Compared to a common case, the widths of the first openings 41a, 42a, 43a and the second openings 41b, 42b, 43b are reduced, and the inflow of air into the windbreak chambers 40a, 40b is reduced.
  • the first openings 41a, 42a, and 43a are longer in the longitudinal direction L1 and L2 as the distance from the optical sensor unit 10 is longer. , L3 is increased.
  • L3 is increased.
  • the distance of the inspection light S1 increases as the distance from the optical sensor unit 10 increases.
  • the irradiation range becomes wider. Since the longitudinal dimension of the first openings 41a, 42a, 43a is increased as the distance from the optical sensor unit 10 is increased, it is possible to cope with a case where the irradiation angle of the inspection light S1 is changed.
  • the widths W1, W2, and W3 of the second openings 41b, 42b, and 43b are the widths of the first openings 41a, 42a, and 43a. It is larger than W0.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining the path of reflected light from the orbit.
  • the reflected light R ⁇ b> 1 from the track 3 enters the windproof cover 40 slightly obliquely, not perpendicular to the traveling direction of the vehicle 4.
  • the position at which the laser displacement meter 11 receives the reflected light R1 from the track 3 is constant, and when the track 3 is displaced in the vertical direction, the reflected light R1 from the track 3 is second as shown in FIG.
  • the positions passing through the openings 43b, 42b, 41b slightly move in the traveling direction of the vehicle 4 or in the opposite direction.
  • FIG. 6 (b) the upper surface of the track 3 and the path of the reflected light R1 in the case of FIG.
  • the longitudinal dimension of the second openings 41b, 42b, and 43b becomes smaller as the distance from the transparent window 31 is shorter. ing.
  • the widths W1, W2, and W3 of the second openings 41b, 42b, and 43b are also smaller as the distance from the transparent window 31 is shorter.
  • the air flow generated by the traveling of the vehicle 4 is as follows. , Mainly toward the transparent window 31 through the second openings 41b, 42b, 43b. Since the size and width in the longitudinal direction of the second openings 41b, 42b, and 43b are made smaller as they are closer to the transparent window 31, the air flow toward the transparent window 31 is more effective as it approaches the transparent window 31. Weakened by
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the windproof cover 40 according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the attachment position of the middle plate 42 is higher than the windproof cover 40 of the first embodiment.
  • Other configurations are the same as those of the windproof cover 40 of the first embodiment.
  • the volume of the windproof chamber 40a between the upper plate 41 and the middle plate 42 is reduced by the wind prevention between the middle plate 42 and the lower plate 43. It is smaller than the volume of the chamber 40b.
  • the volume of the windbreak chamber 40a is smaller than the volume of the adjacent windbreak chamber 40b that is far from the transparent window 31, the flow of air toward the transparent window 31 is reduced from the large volume windbreak chamber 40b to the small volume. When moving to the windproof room 40a, it is effectively weakened.
  • FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a windproof cover 40 according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • the upper plate 41 is provided with a common opening 41c through which the inspection light S1 and the reflected light R1 from the track 3 pass.
  • the middle plate 42 is provided with a common opening 42c through which the inspection light S1 and the reflected light R1 from the track 3 pass.
  • the lower plate 43 is provided with a common opening 43c through which the inspection light S1 and the reflected light R1 from the track 3 pass.
  • Other configurations are the same as those of the windproof cover 40 of the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 9A is a top view of the windproof cover 50 according to the embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 9B is a front view of the windproof cover 50 according to the embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 9B is the present invention. It is a bottom view of the windproof cover 50 by one embodiment.
  • the lower plate 53 of the windproof cover 50 is provided with a first opening 53a.
  • the upper lid 51 is provided with a second opening 51b.
  • the lower plate 53 is provided with a first opening 53a and a second opening 53b.
  • a second opening 52 b is provided in the middle plate 52 that can be seen in the second opening 53 b of the lower plate 53.
  • the second opening 51b of the upper lid 51, the second opening 52b of the middle plate 52, and the second opening 53b of the lower plate 53 are indicated by broken lines.
  • FIG. 10 (a) is a cross-sectional view taken along the line DD in FIG. 9 (a).
  • a windproof chamber 50a is formed between the upper lid 51 and the middle plate 52
  • a windproof chamber 50b is formed between the middle plate 52 and the lower plate 53. Since the air flow toward the transparent window 32 is gradually reduced by the plurality of windproof chambers 50a and 50b, foreign matter such as dust and water droplets carried to the transparent window 32 is reduced, and the foreign matter adheres to the transparent window 32. Is suppressed.
  • the inspection light S2 from the optical sensor unit 20 passes through the transparent window 32, and then passes through the first opening 53a (not shown) and is irradiated onto the track 3. Further, reflected light (not shown) from the track 3 passes through the second openings 53b, 52b, 51b, passes through the transparent window 32, and is received by the optical sensor unit 20.
  • the widths of the second openings 51b, 52b, and 53b are larger than the width of the first opening 53a. Since the widths of the second openings 51b, 52b, and 53b are made larger than the width of the first opening 53a, the reflected light from the orbit 3 having different passage positions according to the displacement of the orbit 3 can be passed. .
  • the longitudinal dimension and width of the second openings 51b, 52b, and 53b are smaller as the distance from the transparent window 32 is shorter. Yes. Since the longitudinal dimension and width of the second openings 51b, 52b, and 53b are reduced as the distance from the transparent window 32 decreases, the air flow toward the transparent window 32 becomes more effective as it approaches the transparent window 32. Weakened by
  • FIG. 10B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line EE of FIG. 9B.
  • An inclined portion 53 c is provided at the edge of the second opening 53 b of the lower plate 53.
  • FIG.10 (c) is sectional drawing when not providing an inclination part.
  • the inclined portion is not provided at the edge of the opening 53b, the air flow generated by the traveling of the vehicle 4 hits the edge of the opening 53b, and as shown by the arrow F, the air flow rising into the windbreak chamber 50b is generated. .
  • By providing the inclined portion 53 c at the edge of the second opening 53 b of the lower plate 53 it is possible to suppress such air flow and further weaken the air flow toward the transparent window 32.
  • the optical sensor units 10 and 20 are housed in the housing 30 to which the transparent windows 31 and 32 are attached, and the concave windproof cover mounting portions 30a and 30b are provided in the housing 30 to provide the windproof covers 40 and 50. Is inserted into the windproof cover mounting portions 30a and 30b, so that the unevenness at the boundary between the housing 30 and the windproof covers 40 and 50 is reduced, and the wind toward the windproof room of the windproof covers 40 and 50 is generated by the unevenness. Can be suppressed.
  • the first openings 41a, 42a, 43a through which the inspection light S1 passes and the second openings 41b, 42b, 43b through which the reflected light from the orbit 3 passes are separately provided so that both are shared.
  • the first opening 41a, 42a, 43a and the second opening 41b, 42b, 43b are reduced in width, the inflow of air into the windbreak chambers 40a, 40b can be reduced.
  • the railway inspection device and railway inspection method of the present invention can be applied not only to the track inspection device described in the embodiment but also to the inspection device of other railway facilities such as overhead lines. Moreover, the railway inspection device and the railway inspection method of the present invention are not limited to the railway inspection device using the optical sensor unit that receives the reflected light from the inspection object, but receive the scattered light from the inspection object. The present invention can also be applied to a railway inspection device using an optical sensor unit.
  • the opening through which the inspection light from the optical sensor unit passes and the opening through which the reflected light or scattered light from the inspection object passes are not limited to the shapes of the above-described embodiments, but in the longitudinal direction thereof. It is desirable that the size and the width are as small as necessary in order to suppress the air flow toward the transparent window.
  • the number of windproof rooms of the windproof cover is not limited to two or three in the embodiment, and four or more windproof rooms may be provided.
  • the windproof cover mounting portion is provided in the housing so that the windproof cover can be attached / detached.
  • the windproof cover may be directly formed in the housing from the beginning.
  • an opening through which the inspection light and the light from the inspection object pass is provided in one windproof cover.
  • the light projecting unit and the light receiving unit of the optical sensor unit are separated from each other, May be provided with a windproof cover in each of the light projecting portion and the light receiving portion of the optical sensor unit, and either inspection light or light from the inspection object may pass through the opening of the windproof cover.

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Abstract

The present invention prevents foreign substances from adhering to a transparent window that transmits inspection light from an optical sensor unit and light from an object of inspection. In the present invention, optical sensor units 10, 20 are disposed on a railroad vehicle 4, irradiate inspection light S1, S2 onto an object of inspection, receive light from the object of inspection, and output detection signals. The inspection light from the optical sensor units 10, 20 and the light from the object of inspection passes through transparent windows 31, 32 provided between the object of inspection and the optical sensor units 10, 20. Anti-wind covers 40, 50 attached between the object of inspection and transparent windows 31, 32 each comprise a plurality of anti-wind chambers for gradually weakening the flow of air toward the transparent windows 31, 32, first openings 41a, 42a, 43a or a first opening 53a for allowing the inspection light to pass therethrough, and second openings 41b, 42b, 43b or 51b, 52b, 53b for allowing the light from the object of inspection to pass therethrough.

Description

鉄道検測装置及び鉄道検測方法Railway inspection device and railway inspection method
　本発明は、鉄道の軌道（レール）や架線（トロリ線）等の鉄道設備を検測する鉄道検測装置及び鉄道検測方法に係り、特に、レーザー光等の検査光を検査対象物へ照射し、検査対象物からの反射光又は散乱光を受光する光学センサーユニットを備えた鉄道検測装置及び鉄道検測方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a railway inspection device and a railway inspection method for inspecting railway facilities such as railroad tracks (rails) and overhead lines (trolley lines), and in particular, irradiates inspection objects such as laser beams to inspection objects. The present invention also relates to a railway inspection device and a railway inspection method provided with an optical sensor unit that receives reflected light or scattered light from an inspection object.
　例えば、検査対象物が軌道の場合、軌道には、軌道自体の熱膨張や枕木の沈下等による歪み、あるいは線路が敷設された構造物や地盤の変動等によって、変位が発生する。車両の走行時の安全を確保するためには、軌道の歪み等による変位量を許容値以内に保つ必要がある。軌道の変位量を測定する軌道検測装置は、レーザー光等の検査光を軌道へ照射し、軌道からの反射光又は散乱光を受光する光学センサーユニットを備え、光学センサーユニットの検出信号から軌道の変位量を測定している。この様な装置として、特許文献１に記載のものがある。 For example, when the object to be inspected is a track, displacement occurs in the track due to thermal expansion of the track itself, distortion due to sinking of sleepers, or a change in the structure or ground on which the track is laid. In order to ensure safety when the vehicle is traveling, it is necessary to keep the amount of displacement due to trajectory distortion within an allowable value. The trajectory inspection device that measures the displacement of the trajectory includes an optical sensor unit that irradiates the trajectory with inspection light such as laser light and receives reflected light or scattered light from the trajectory, and detects the trajectory from the detection signal of the optical sensor unit. The amount of displacement is measured. As such an apparatus, there is one described in Patent Document 1.
特開２０１２－６８１８６号公報JP 2012-68186 A
　通常、軌道検測装置の光学センサーユニットは、塵埃や水滴等から保護するため、筐体に収められて、鉄道の車両に設置される。筐体には、ガラス等からなる透明板を取り付けた透明窓が設けられており、光学センサーユニットから発生した検査光は、透明窓を透過して軌道へ照射され、軌道からの反射光又は散乱光は、透明窓を透過して光学センサーユニットにより受光される。塵埃の飛散や雨水の跳ね等により、この透明窓に泥や水滴等の異物が付着すると、光学センサーユニットからの検査光、あるいは軌道からの反射光又は散乱光が付着物により吸収、反射又は散乱されて、軌道の変位量を正確に測定することができない。そのため、従来は、透明窓の清掃を頻繁に行う必要があった。また、測定の途中で透明窓に付着物が発生した場合は、それ以降の測定結果が無駄になり、再測定に時間を要するという問題があった。 Normally, the optical sensor unit of the trajectory inspection device is housed in a housing and installed in a railway vehicle in order to protect it from dust and water droplets. The casing is provided with a transparent window with a transparent plate made of glass or the like, and the inspection light generated from the optical sensor unit passes through the transparent window and is irradiated onto the orbit, and reflected or scattered from the orbit. The light passes through the transparent window and is received by the optical sensor unit. If foreign matter such as mud or water droplets adheres to this transparent window due to dust scattering or rain water splashing, the inspection light from the optical sensor unit, or the reflected or scattered light from the orbit is absorbed, reflected or scattered by the attached matter. Thus, the amount of displacement of the trajectory cannot be measured accurately. Therefore, conventionally, it has been necessary to frequently clean the transparent window. Further, when deposits are generated on the transparent window during the measurement, the subsequent measurement results are wasted, and there is a problem that it takes time for remeasurement.
　本発明の課題は、光学センサーユニットからの検査光、及び検査対象物からの光が透過する透明窓に、異物が付着するのを抑制することである。 An object of the present invention is to prevent foreign matter from adhering to a transparent window through which inspection light from an optical sensor unit and light from an inspection object are transmitted.
　本発明の鉄道検測装置は、鉄道の車両に設置され、検査光を検査対象物へ照射し、検査対象物からの光を受光して、検出信号を出力する光学センサーユニットと、検査対象物と光学センサーユニットとの間に設けられた、検査光、及び検査対象物からの光が透過する透明窓と、検査対象物と透明窓との間に取り付けられた防風カバーとを備え、防風カバーが、透明窓へ向かう空気の流れを段階的に弱める複数の防風室と、検査光、及び検査対象物からの光が通過する開口とを有することを特徴とする。 The railway inspection and measurement apparatus of the present invention is installed in a railway vehicle, irradiates an inspection object with an inspection light, receives light from the inspection object, and outputs a detection signal; and an inspection object And an optical sensor unit provided with a transparent window through which inspection light and light from the inspection object pass, and a windproof cover attached between the inspection object and the transparent window. Is characterized by having a plurality of windbreak rooms that gradually weaken the flow of air toward the transparent window, and openings through which the inspection light and the light from the inspection object pass.
　また、本発明の鉄道検測方法は、検査光を検査対象物へ照射し、検査対象物からの光を受光して、検出信号を出力する光学センサーユニットを、鉄道の車両に設置し、検査光、及び検査対象物からの光が透過する透明窓を、検査対象物と光学センサーユニットとの間に設け、複数の防風室と、検査光、及び検査対象物からの光が通過する開口とを有する防風カバーを、検査対象物と透明窓との間に取り付け、複数の防風室により、透明窓へ向かう空気の流れを段階的に弱めながら、光学センサーユニットから照射した検査光を、透明窓及び開口を通して、検査対象物へ照射し、検査対象物からの光を、開口及び透明窓を通して、光学センサーユニットで受光して、検出信号を出力することを特徴とする。 Further, the railway inspection method of the present invention includes an optical sensor unit that irradiates an inspection object with an inspection light, receives light from the inspection object, and outputs a detection signal to a railway vehicle. A transparent window through which light and light from the inspection object are transmitted is provided between the inspection object and the optical sensor unit, and a plurality of windbreak chambers and an opening through which the inspection light and light from the inspection object pass. A windproof cover with a gap between the inspection object and the transparent window is attached between the inspection object and the transparent window. In addition, the inspection object is irradiated through the opening, the light from the inspection object is received by the optical sensor unit through the opening and the transparent window, and a detection signal is output.
　光学センサーユニットを、鉄道の車両に設置し、検査光、及び検査対象物からの光が透過する透明窓を、検査対象物と光学センサーユニットとの間に設けると、車両の走行により発生した空気の流れが、塵埃や水滴等の異物を巻き込みながら、透明窓に当たる。本発明では、検査対象物と透明窓との間に取り付けた防風カバーの複数の防風室により、透明窓へ向かう空気の流れが段階的に弱められるので、透明窓へ運ばれる塵埃や水滴等の異物が少なくなり、透明窓に異物が付着するのが抑制される。光学センサーユニットからの検査光は、透明窓を透過した後、防風カバーの開口を通過して、検査対象物へ照射される。検査対象物からの光は、防風カバーの開口を通過した後、透明窓を透過して、光学センサーユニットで受光される。 When an optical sensor unit is installed in a railway vehicle and a transparent window through which inspection light and light from the inspection object are transmitted is provided between the inspection object and the optical sensor unit, air generated by traveling of the vehicle The flow of light hits the transparent window while entraining foreign matter such as dust and water droplets. In the present invention, the flow of air toward the transparent window is gradually reduced by the plurality of windproof chambers of the windproof cover attached between the inspection object and the transparent window, so that dust, water droplets, etc. carried to the transparent window are reduced. Foreign matter is reduced, and foreign matter is prevented from adhering to the transparent window. The inspection light from the optical sensor unit passes through the transparent window, passes through the opening of the windproof cover, and is irradiated to the inspection object. Light from the inspection object passes through the opening of the windproof cover, passes through the transparent window, and is received by the optical sensor unit.
　あるいは、本発明の鉄道検測装置は、鉄道の車両に設置され、検査光を検査対象物へ照射し、検査対象物からの光を受光して、検出信号を出力する光学センサーユニットと、検査対象物と光学センサーユニットとの間に設けられた、検査光、及び検査対象物からの光が透過する透明窓と、検査対象物と透明窓との間に取り付けられた防風カバーとを備え、防風カバーが、透明窓へ向かう空気の流れを段階的に弱める複数の防風室と、検査光が通過する第１の開口と、検査対象物からの光が通過する第２の開口とを有することを特徴とする。 Alternatively, the railway inspection and measurement apparatus according to the present invention is installed in a railway vehicle, irradiates an inspection object with an inspection light, receives light from the inspection object, and outputs a detection signal; and an inspection A transparent window provided between the object and the optical sensor unit, through which the inspection light and light from the inspection object pass, and a windproof cover attached between the inspection object and the transparent window; The windbreak cover has a plurality of windbreak chambers that gradually weaken the flow of air toward the transparent window, a first opening through which the inspection light passes, and a second opening through which the light from the inspection object passes. It is characterized by.
　また、本発明の鉄道検測方法は、検査光を検査対象物へ照射し、検査対象物からの光を受光して、検出信号を出力する光学センサーユニットを、鉄道の車両に設置し、検査光、及び検査対象物からの光が透過する透明窓を、検査対象物と光学センサーユニットとの間に設け、複数の防風室と、検査光が通過する第１の開口と、検査対象物からの光が通過する第２の開口とを有する防風カバーを、検査対象物と透明窓との間に取り付け、複数の防風室により、透明窓へ向かう空気の流れを段階的に弱めながら、光学センサーユニットから照射した検査光を、透明窓及び第１の開口を通して、検査対象物へ照射し、検査対象物からの光を、第２の開口及び透明窓を通して、光学センサーユニットで受光して、検出信号を出力することを特徴とする。 Further, the railway inspection method of the present invention includes an optical sensor unit that irradiates an inspection object with an inspection light, receives light from the inspection object, and outputs a detection signal to a railway vehicle. A transparent window through which light and light from the inspection object are transmitted is provided between the inspection object and the optical sensor unit, and a plurality of windbreak chambers, a first opening through which the inspection light passes, and the inspection object A windproof cover having a second opening through which light passes is attached between the inspection object and the transparent window, and the plurality of windproof chambers gradually reduce the flow of air toward the transparent window while optical sensors are used. The inspection light irradiated from the unit is irradiated to the inspection object through the transparent window and the first opening, and the light from the inspection object is received by the optical sensor unit through the second opening and the transparent window and detected. It is characterized by outputting a signal .
　光学センサーユニットを、鉄道の車両に設置し、検査光、及び検査対象物からの光が透過する透明窓を、検査対象物と光学センサーユニットとの間に設けると、車両の走行により発生した空気の流れが、塵埃や水滴等の異物を巻き込みながら、透明窓に当たる。本発明では、検査対象物と透明窓との間に取り付けた防風カバーの複数の防風室により、透明窓へ向かう空気の流れが段階的に弱められるので、透明窓へ運ばれる塵埃や水滴等の異物が少なくなり、透明窓に異物が付着するのが抑制される。光学センサーユニットからの検査光は、透明窓を透過した後、防風カバーの第１の開口を通過して、検査対象物へ照射される。検査対象物からの光は、防風カバーの第２の開口を通過した後、透明窓を透過して、光学センサーユニットで受光される。検査光が通過する第１の開口と、検査対象物からの光が通過する第２の開口とを別に設けるので、両者を共通にする場合に比べて、第１の開口及び第２の開口の幅が小さく済み、各防風室内への空気の流入が少なくなる。 When an optical sensor unit is installed in a railway vehicle and a transparent window through which inspection light and light from the inspection object are transmitted is provided between the inspection object and the optical sensor unit, air generated by traveling of the vehicle The flow of light hits the transparent window while entraining foreign matter such as dust and water droplets. In the present invention, the flow of air toward the transparent window is gradually reduced by the plurality of windproof chambers of the windproof cover attached between the inspection object and the transparent window, so that dust, water droplets, etc. carried to the transparent window are reduced. Foreign matter is reduced, and foreign matter is prevented from adhering to the transparent window. The inspection light from the optical sensor unit passes through the transparent window, passes through the first opening of the windproof cover, and is irradiated to the inspection object. The light from the inspection object passes through the second opening of the windproof cover, passes through the transparent window, and is received by the optical sensor unit. Since the first opening through which the inspection light passes and the second opening through which the light from the inspection object passes are provided separately, the first opening and the second opening are compared with the case where both are made common. The width is small and the inflow of air into each windbreak room is reduced.
　さらに、本発明の鉄道検測装置は、光学センサーユニットを収納し、透明窓が取り付けられた筐体を備え、筐体が、防風カバーを挿入する凹状の防風カバー装着部を有することを特徴とする。また、本発明の鉄道検測方法は、光学センサーユニットを、透明窓を取り付けた筐体に収納し、凹状の防風カバー装着部を筐体に設けて、防風カバーを防風カバー装着部へ挿入することを特徴とする。筐体と防風カバーとの境の凹凸が少なくなり、凹凸で防風カバーの防風室内へ向かう風が発生するのが抑制される。 Furthermore, the railway inspection and measurement apparatus of the present invention includes a housing that houses an optical sensor unit and has a transparent window attached thereto, and the housing has a concave windproof cover mounting portion for inserting the windproof cover. To do. Also, in the railway inspection method of the present invention, the optical sensor unit is housed in a housing with a transparent window, a concave windproof cover mounting portion is provided in the housing, and the windproof cover is inserted into the windproof cover mounting portion. It is characterized by that. Unevenness at the boundary between the housing and the windproof cover is reduced, and generation of wind toward the windproof room of the windproof cover due to the unevenness is suppressed.
　さらに、本発明の鉄道検測装置は、第２の開口の幅が、第１の開口の幅よりも大きいことを特徴とする。また、本発明の鉄道検測方法は、第２の開口の幅を、第１の開口の幅よりも大きくすることを特徴とする。検査対象物が変位すると、検査対象物からの光が第２の開口を通過する位置は、検査対象物の変位に応じて移動する。第２の開口の幅を、第１の開口の幅よりも大きくするので、検査対象物の変位に応じて通過位置の異なる、検査対象物からの光を通過させることができる。 Furthermore, the railway inspection device of the present invention is characterized in that the width of the second opening is larger than the width of the first opening. The railroad inspection method of the present invention is characterized in that the width of the second opening is made larger than the width of the first opening. When the inspection object is displaced, the position where the light from the inspection object passes through the second opening moves in accordance with the displacement of the inspection object. Since the width of the second opening is made larger than the width of the first opening, it is possible to pass light from the inspection object having different passage positions according to the displacement of the inspection object.
　さらに、本発明の鉄道検測装置は、防風カバーが、第２の開口を複数有し、複数の第２の開口は、透明窓に近いもの程、その長手方向の寸法、及び幅が小さいことを特徴とする。また、本発明の鉄道検測方法は、防風カバーに、第２の開口を複数設け、複数の第２の開口の長手方向の寸法、及び幅を、透明窓に近いもの程、小さくすることを特徴とする。第２の開口の幅を、第１の開口の幅よりも大きくすると、車両の走行により発生した空気の流れは、主に第２の開口を通って透明窓へ向かう。複数の第２の開口の長手方向の寸法、及び幅を、透明窓に近いもの程、小さくするので、複数の第２の開口を通って透明窓へ向かう空気の流れが、透明窓へ近づくにつれて、効果的に弱められる。 Furthermore, in the railway inspection and measurement apparatus of the present invention, the windproof cover has a plurality of second openings, and the plurality of second openings are closer to the transparent window and have a smaller longitudinal dimension and width. It is characterized by. In the rail inspection method of the present invention, the windproof cover is provided with a plurality of second openings, and the longitudinal dimensions and widths of the plurality of second openings are made smaller as they are closer to the transparent window. Features. When the width of the second opening is made larger than the width of the first opening, the air flow generated by the traveling of the vehicle is mainly directed to the transparent window through the second opening. Since the longitudinal dimension and the width of the plurality of second openings are made smaller as they are closer to the transparent window, the air flow toward the transparent window through the plurality of second openings approaches the transparent window. Effectively weakened.
　さらに、本発明の鉄道検測装置は、防風カバーが、第１の開口を複数有し、複数の第１の開口は、光学センサーユニットから遠いもの程、その長手方向の寸法が大きいことを特徴とする。また、本発明の鉄道検測方法は、防風カバーに、第１の開口を複数設け、複数の第１の開口の長手方向の寸法を、光学センサーユニットから遠いもの程、大きくすることを特徴とする。検査対象物の変位に応じて、光学センサーユニットから照射する検査光の照射角度を変動させる場合、光学センサーユニットからの距離が遠くなる程、検査光の照射範囲は広くなる。複数の第１の開口の長手方向の寸法を、光学センサーユニットから遠いもの程、大きくするので、検査対象物の変位に応じて、検査光の照射角度を変動させる場合に対応することができる。 Furthermore, the railway inspection and measurement apparatus of the present invention is characterized in that the windproof cover has a plurality of first openings, and the plurality of first openings are larger in the longitudinal direction as they are farther from the optical sensor unit. And The railroad inspection method of the present invention is characterized in that a plurality of first openings are provided in a windproof cover, and the longitudinal dimension of the plurality of first openings is increased as the distance from the optical sensor unit increases. To do. When the irradiation angle of the inspection light irradiated from the optical sensor unit is changed according to the displacement of the inspection object, the irradiation range of the inspection light becomes wider as the distance from the optical sensor unit increases. Since the longitudinal dimension of the plurality of first openings is increased as the distance from the optical sensor unit increases, it is possible to cope with a case where the irradiation angle of the inspection light is changed according to the displacement of the inspection object.
　さらに、本発明の鉄道検測装置は、複数の防風室のいずれかが、隣接する、透明窓から遠い防風室よりも、その容積が小さいことを特徴とする。また、本発明の鉄道検測方法は、複数の防風室のいずれかの容積を、隣接する、透明窓から遠い防風室の容積よりも、小さくすることを特徴とする。透明窓へ向かう空気の流れが、容積の大きな防風室から容積の小さな防風室へ移動する際に、効果的に弱められる。 Furthermore, the railway inspection device of the present invention is characterized in that any of the plurality of windbreak rooms has a smaller volume than the adjacent windbreak room far from the transparent window. Moreover, the railway inspection method of the present invention is characterized in that the volume of any of the plurality of windbreak rooms is made smaller than the volume of the adjacent windbreak room far from the transparent window. The air flow toward the transparent window is effectively weakened when moving from the large-capacity windbreak chamber to the small-capacity windbreak chamber.
　本発明によれば、光学センサーユニットからの検査光、及び検査対象物からの光が透過する透明窓に、異物が付着するのを抑制することができる。 According to the present invention, it is possible to suppress foreign matter from adhering to the transparent window through which the inspection light from the optical sensor unit and the light from the inspection object are transmitted.
　さらに、光学センサーユニットを、透明窓を取り付けた筐体に収納し、凹状の防風カバー装着部を筐体に設けて、防風カバーを防風カバー装着部へ挿入することにより、筐体と防風カバーとの境の凹凸が少なくなり、凹凸で防風カバーの防風室内へ向かう風が発生するのを抑制することができる。 Furthermore, the optical sensor unit is housed in a housing with a transparent window, a concave windproof cover mounting portion is provided in the housing, and the windproof cover is inserted into the windproof cover mounting portion, thereby The unevenness at the boundary of the windshield is reduced, and it is possible to suppress the generation of wind toward the windproof room of the windproof cover due to the unevenness.
　さらに、検査光が通過する第１の開口と、検査対象物からの光が通過する第２の開口とを別に設けることにより、両者を共通にする場合に比べて、第１の開口及び第２の開口の幅が小さく済み、各防風室内への空気の流入を少なくすることができる。 Furthermore, by providing separately the first opening through which the inspection light passes and the second opening through which the light from the inspection object passes, the first opening and the second opening are compared with the case where both are made common. The width of the opening can be made small, and the inflow of air into each windproof room can be reduced.
　さらに、第２の開口の幅を、第１の開口の幅よりも大きくすることにより、検査対象物の変位に応じて通過位置の異なる、検査対象物からの光を通過させることができる。 Furthermore, by making the width of the second opening larger than the width of the first opening, it is possible to pass light from the inspection object having different passage positions according to the displacement of the inspection object.
　さらに、複数の第２の開口の長手方向の寸法、及び幅を、透明窓に近いもの程、小さくすることにより、複数の第２の開口を通って透明窓へ向かう空気の流れを、透明窓へ近づくにつれて、効果的に弱めることができる。 Furthermore, by making the longitudinal dimension and width of the plurality of second openings closer to the transparent window, the air flow toward the transparent window through the plurality of second openings can be reduced. As you approach, you can effectively weaken.
　さらに、複数の第１の開口の長手方向の寸法を、光学センサーユニットから遠いもの程、大きくすることにより、検査対象物の変位に応じて、検査光の照射角度を変動させる場合に対応することができる。 Furthermore, it corresponds to the case where the irradiation angle of the inspection light is changed according to the displacement of the inspection object by increasing the longitudinal dimension of the plurality of first openings as the distance from the optical sensor unit increases. Can do.
　さらに、複数の防風室のいずれかの容積を、隣接する、透明窓から遠い防風室の容積よりも、小さくすることにより、透明窓へ向かう空気の流れを、容積の大きな防風室から容積の小さな防風室へ移動する際に、効果的に弱めることができる。 Further, by reducing the volume of any one of the plurality of windbreak rooms from the volume of the adjacent windbreak room far from the transparent window, the flow of air toward the transparent window is reduced from the large volume windbreak room to the small volume. When moving to the windbreak room, it can be effectively weakened.
本発明の一実施の形態による軌道検測装置の概略構成を示す図である。1 is a diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of a trajectory inspection device according to an embodiment of the present invention. 本発明の一実施の形態による軌道検測装置の動作を説明する図である。It is a figure explaining operation | movement of the orbital inspection apparatus by one embodiment of this invention. 図３（ａ）は防風カバー４０の斜視図、図３（ｂ）は防風カバー５０の斜視図である。FIG. 3A is a perspective view of the windproof cover 40, and FIG. 3B is a perspective view of the windproof cover 50. 図４（ａ）は本発明の第１の実施の形態による防風カバー４０の上面図、図４（ｂ）は本発明の第１の実施の形態による防風カバー４０の正面図、図４（ｃ）は本発明の第１の実施の形態による防風カバー４０の底面図である。4A is a top view of the windproof cover 40 according to the first embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 4B is a front view of the windproof cover 40 according to the first embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. ) Is a bottom view of the windproof cover 40 according to the first embodiment of the present invention. 図５（ａ）は図４（ａ）のＡ－Ａ部断面図、図５（ｂ）は図４（ｂ）のＢ－Ｂ部断面図、図５（ｃ）は図４（ｂ）のＣ－Ｃ部断面図である。5A is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. 4A, FIG. 5B is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB of FIG. 4B, and FIG. 5C is a cross-sectional view of FIG. It is CC sectional view. 図６は、軌道からの反射光の経路を説明する図である。FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the path of reflected light from the orbit. 図７は、本発明の第２の実施の形態による防風カバー４０の断面図である。FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the windproof cover 40 according to the second embodiment of the present invention. 図８は、本発明の第３の実施の形態による防風カバー４０の斜視図である。FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a windproof cover 40 according to the third embodiment of the present invention. 図９（ａ）は本発明の一実施の形態による防風カバー５０の上面図、図９（ｂ）は本発明の一実施の形態による防風カバー５０の正面図、図９（ｃ）は本発明の一実施の形態による防風カバー５０の底面図である。9A is a top view of the windproof cover 50 according to the embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 9B is a front view of the windproof cover 50 according to the embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 9C is the present invention. It is a bottom view of the windproof cover 50 by one embodiment. 図１０（ａ）は図９（ａ）のＤ－Ｄ部断面図、図１０（ｂ）は図９（ｂ）のＥ－Ｅ部断面図、図１０（ｃ）は傾斜部を設けない場合の断面図である。10 (a) is a cross-sectional view taken along the line DD in FIG. 9 (a), FIG. 10 (b) is a cross-sectional view taken along the line EE in FIG. 9 (b), and FIG. FIG.
［実施の形態］
（軌道検測装置の構成及び動作）
　以下、本発明の鉄道検測装置及び鉄道検測方法を、軌道検測装置を例にして、詳細に説明する。図１は、本発明の一実施の形態による軌道検測装置の概略構成を示す図である。本実施の形態の軌道検測装置１００は、光学センサーユニット１０、光学センサーユニット２０、筐体３０、防風カバー４０、及び防風カバー５０を含んで構成されている。軌道検測装置１００は、鉄道の左右の軌道に対応して、光学センサーユニット１０及び光学センサーユニット２０を、左右対称に２組ずつ備えており、図１には、軌道検測装置１００の一部が示されている。また、軌道検測装置１００は、これらの他に、光ファイバージャイロ、加速度計、演算装置、制御ユニット、データ処理装置等を備えている。 [Embodiment]
(Configuration and operation of the orbit inspection device)
Hereinafter, the railroad inspection device and the railroad inspection method of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the track inspection device. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a trajectory inspection device according to an embodiment of the present invention. The trajectory inspection / measurement device 100 according to the present embodiment includes an optical sensor unit 10, an optical sensor unit 20, a housing 30, a windproof cover 40, and a windproof cover 50. The trajectory inspection device 100 includes two sets of optical sensor units 10 and 20 corresponding to the left and right trajectories of the railway in a symmetrical manner. FIG. The parts are shown. In addition to these, the trajectory inspection device 100 includes an optical fiber gyro, an accelerometer, a calculation device, a control unit, a data processing device, and the like.
　光学センサーユニット１０は、レーザー変位計１１、ミラー１２、モータ１３、及び角度検出器１４を含んで構成されている。また、光学センサーユニット２０は、レーザー変位計２１、ミラー２２、モータ２３、及び角度検出器２４を含んで構成されている。筐体３０は、レーザー変位計１１，２１から発生した検査光が透過する、透明なガラス等からなる透明窓３１，３２を有し、光学センサーユニット１０，２０を収納している。なお、例えば新幹線の車体等の様に、車両の床下の空間が底板で塞がれている場合、底板に透明窓を設ければ、筐体３０は必要ない。 The optical sensor unit 10 includes a laser displacement meter 11, a mirror 12, a motor 13, and an angle detector 14. The optical sensor unit 20 includes a laser displacement meter 21, a mirror 22, a motor 23, and an angle detector 24. The housing 30 has transparent windows 31 and 32 made of transparent glass or the like through which inspection light generated from the laser displacement meters 11 and 21 is transmitted, and houses the optical sensor units 10 and 20. In addition, when the space under the floor of the vehicle is closed with a bottom plate, such as a Shinkansen car body, the housing 30 is not necessary if a transparent window is provided on the bottom plate.
　筐体３０には、防風カバー４０，５０を挿入する凹状の防風カバー装着部３０ａ，３０ｂが設けられている。図１は、防風カバー４０，５０を筐体３０に取り付ける前の状態を示しており、防風カバー４０，５０は、防風カバー装着部３０ａ，３０ｂへ矢印の方向に挿入されて、筐体３０に取り付けられる。これにより、筐体３０と防風カバー４０，５０との境の凹凸が少なくなり、凹凸で防風カバー４０，５０の後述する防風室内へ向かう風が発生するのが抑制される。また、防風カバー４０，５０を着脱可能とすることにより、透明窓３１，３２の清掃が必要なときには、防風カバー４０，５０を取り外して、透明窓３１，３２の清掃を行うことができる。 The housing 30 is provided with concave windproof cover mounting portions 30a and 30b into which the windproof covers 40 and 50 are inserted. FIG. 1 shows a state before the wind-proof covers 40 and 50 are attached to the housing 30. The wind-proof covers 40 and 50 are inserted into the wind-proof cover mounting portions 30 a and 30 b in the direction of the arrow and attached to the housing 30. It is attached. Thereby, the unevenness | corrugation of the boundary of the housing | casing 30 and the windproof covers 40 and 50 decreases, and it is suppressed that the wind which goes into the windproof room mentioned later of the windproof covers 40 and 50 by an unevenness | corrugation is generated. Further, by making the windproof covers 40 and 50 detachable, when the transparent windows 31 and 32 need to be cleaned, the windproof covers 40 and 50 can be removed and the transparent windows 31 and 32 can be cleaned.
　図２は、本発明の一実施の形態による軌道検測装置の動作を説明する図である。光学センサーユニット１０，２０が収納され、防風カバー４０，５０が取り付けられた筐体３０は、鉄道の車両４の車体の床下又は台車枠に設置される。 FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the trajectory inspection device according to the embodiment of the present invention. The housing 30 in which the optical sensor units 10 and 20 are housed and the windproof covers 40 and 50 are attached is installed under the floor of the vehicle body of the railway vehicle 4 or in the bogie frame.
　光学センサーユニット１０のレーザー変位計１１は、検査光Ｓ１となるレーザー光を発生する。レーザー変位計１１から発生した検査光Ｓ１は、ミラー１２で反射され、筐体３０の透明窓３１を透過して、防風カバー４０へ照射される。そして、検査光Ｓ１は、防風カバー４０の後述する第１の開口４１ａ，４２ａ，４３ａを通過して、軌道３へ照射される。軌道３からの図示しない反射光は、防風カバー４０の後述する第２の開口を通過して、透明窓３１を透過した後、ミラー１２で反射されて、レーザー変位計１１で受光される。レーザー変位計１１は、検査光Ｓ１と軌道３からの反射光との位相差による干渉に応じた検出信号を出力する。 The laser displacement meter 11 of the optical sensor unit 10 generates laser light that becomes inspection light S1. The inspection light S <b> 1 generated from the laser displacement meter 11 is reflected by the mirror 12, passes through the transparent window 31 of the housing 30, and is irradiated to the windproof cover 40. Then, the inspection light S1 passes through first openings 41a, 42a, 43a, which will be described later, of the windproof cover 40, and is irradiated onto the track 3. Reflected light (not shown) from the track 3 passes through a later-described second opening of the windproof cover 40, passes through the transparent window 31, is reflected by the mirror 12, and is received by the laser displacement meter 11. The laser displacement meter 11 outputs a detection signal corresponding to interference due to the phase difference between the inspection light S1 and the reflected light from the orbit 3.
　モータ１３は、例えばサーボモータからなり、ミラー１２を回転させて、光学センサーユニット１０からの検査光Ｓ１の照射角度を変動させる。図２において、検査光Ｓ１の両脇の二点鎖線は、検査光Ｓ１の照射角度の変動範囲を示している。角度検出器１４は、モータ１３の回転角度を検出する。 The motor 13 is composed of a servo motor, for example, and rotates the mirror 12 to vary the irradiation angle of the inspection light S1 from the optical sensor unit 10. In FIG. 2, the two-dot chain lines on both sides of the inspection light S1 indicate the fluctuation range of the irradiation angle of the inspection light S1. The angle detector 14 detects the rotation angle of the motor 13.
　同様に、光学センサーユニット２０のレーザー変位計２１は、検査光Ｓ２となるレーザー光を発生する。レーザー変位計２１から発生した検査光Ｓ２は、ミラー２２で反射され、筐体３０の透明窓３２を透過して、防風カバー５０へ照射される。そして、検査光Ｓ２は、防風カバー５０の後述する第１の開口を通過して、軌道３へ斜めに照射される。軌道３からの図示しない反射光は、防風カバー５０の後述する第２の開口５３ｂ，５２ｂ，５１ｂを通過して、透明窓３２を透過した後、ミラー２２で反射されて、レーザー変位計２１で受光される。レーザー変位計２１は、検査光Ｓ２と軌道３からの反射光との位相差による干渉に応じた検出信号を出力する。 Similarly, the laser displacement meter 21 of the optical sensor unit 20 generates a laser beam as the inspection light S2. The inspection light S <b> 2 generated from the laser displacement meter 21 is reflected by the mirror 22, passes through the transparent window 32 of the housing 30, and is irradiated to the windproof cover 50. Then, the inspection light S <b> 2 passes through a first opening (to be described later) of the windproof cover 50 and is irradiated obliquely onto the track 3. Reflected light (not shown) from the track 3 passes through second openings 53b, 52b, 51b (to be described later) of the windproof cover 50, passes through the transparent window 32, is reflected by the mirror 22, and is reflected by the laser displacement meter 21. Received light. The laser displacement meter 21 outputs a detection signal corresponding to the interference due to the phase difference between the inspection light S2 and the reflected light from the orbit 3.
　モータ２３は、例えばサーボモータからなり、ミラー２２を回転させて、光学センサーユニット２０からの検査光Ｓ２の照射角度を変動させる。図２において、検査光Ｓ２の両脇の二点鎖線は、検査光Ｓ２の照射角度の変動範囲を示している。角度検出器２４は、モータ２３の回転角度を検出する。 The motor 23 is composed of, for example, a servo motor, and rotates the mirror 22 to change the irradiation angle of the inspection light S2 from the optical sensor unit 20. In FIG. 2, two-dot chain lines on both sides of the inspection light S2 indicate the fluctuation range of the irradiation angle of the inspection light S2. The angle detector 24 detects the rotation angle of the motor 23.
　図示しない演算装置は、レーザー変位計１１，２１の検出信号と、角度検出器１４，２４の検出結果とから、軌道３とレーザー変位計１１，２１との相対位置を演算する。そして、図示しない制御ユニットは、演算装置が演算した軌道３とレーザー変位計１１，２１との相対位置の変化に応じて、検査光Ｓ１，Ｓ２が軌道３を追尾する様に、モータ１３，２３を制御して、ミラー１２，２２の角度を調節する。 An arithmetic device (not shown) calculates the relative position between the track 3 and the laser displacement meters 11 and 21 from the detection signals of the laser displacement meters 11 and 21 and the detection results of the angle detectors 14 and 24. Then, a control unit (not shown) causes the motors 13 and 23 so that the inspection lights S1 and S2 track the track 3 in accordance with a change in the relative position between the track 3 and the laser displacement meters 11 and 21 calculated by the calculation device. To adjust the angles of the mirrors 12 and 22.
（防風カバー４０，５０の外観）
　図３（ａ）は、防風カバー４０の斜視図である。防風カバー４０は、外形が略直方体状であって、鉄、ステンレス鋼、アルミニウム等の強度の高い材料で構成されている。防風カバー４０の上面には上板４１が取り付けられており、上板４１には、検査光Ｓ１が通過する第１の開口４１ａ、及び軌道３からの反射光Ｒ１が通過する第２の開口４１ｂが設けられている。後述する様に、防風カバー４０の内部には、中板及び下板が取り付けられており、中板及び下板にも、検査光Ｓ１が通過する第１の開口、及び軌道３からの反射光Ｒ１が通過する第２の開口が設けられている。 (Appearance of windproof covers 40 and 50)
FIG. 3A is a perspective view of the windproof cover 40. The windproof cover 40 has a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape and is made of a material having high strength such as iron, stainless steel, and aluminum. An upper plate 41 is attached to the upper surface of the windproof cover 40. The upper plate 41 has a first opening 41a through which the inspection light S1 passes and a second opening 41b through which the reflected light R1 from the track 3 passes. Is provided. As will be described later, a middle plate and a lower plate are attached to the inside of the windproof cover 40. The first plate through which the inspection light S1 passes and the reflected light from the track 3 are also passed through the middle plate and the lower plate. A second opening through which R1 passes is provided.
　図３（ｂ）は、防風カバー５０の斜視図である。防風カバー５０は、外形が、長方形の下板に直方体を載せ、直方体の上面に横に倒した三角柱を載せた形状であって、鉄、ステンレス鋼、アルミニウム等の強度の高い材料で構成されている。直方体の部分の上面には、中板５２が取り付けられており、中板５２の上面に上蓋５１が取り付けられている。また、直方体の部分の底面には、下板５３が取り付けられている。下板５３には、検査光Ｓ２が通過する第１の開口５３ａが設けられている。また、上蓋５１には、軌道３からの反射光が通過する第２の開口５１ｂが設けられている。中板５２及び下板５３にも、後述する様に、軌道３からの反射光が通過する第２の開口が設けられている。 FIG. 3B is a perspective view of the windproof cover 50. The windproof cover 50 has a shape in which a rectangular parallelepiped is placed on a rectangular lower plate, and a triangular prism that is tilted sideways is placed on the upper surface of the rectangular parallelepiped, and is made of a high-strength material such as iron, stainless steel, or aluminum. Yes. An intermediate plate 52 is attached to the upper surface of the rectangular parallelepiped portion, and an upper lid 51 is attached to the upper surface of the intermediate plate 52. A lower plate 53 is attached to the bottom surface of the rectangular parallelepiped portion. The lower plate 53 is provided with a first opening 53a through which the inspection light S2 passes. The upper lid 51 is provided with a second opening 51b through which reflected light from the track 3 passes. The middle plate 52 and the lower plate 53 are also provided with a second opening through which reflected light from the track 3 passes, as will be described later.
（防風カバー４０の構造）
（第１の実施の形態）
　図４（ａ）は本発明の第１の実施の形態による防風カバー４０の上面図、図４（ｂ）は本発明の第１の実施の形態による防風カバー４０の正面図、図４（ｃ）は本発明の第１の実施の形態による防風カバー４０の底面図である。図４（ａ）に示す様に、防風カバー４０の上面の上板４１には、第１の開口４１ａ及び第２の開口４１ｂが設けられている。本実施の形態では、第１の開口４１ａ及び第２の開口４１ｂは、細長いスリット状の長方形であって、第１の開口４１ａと第２の開口４１ｂとが平行に設けられている。図４（ｃ）に示す様に、下板４３には、第１の開口４３ａ及び第２の開口４３ｂが設けられている。図４（ｂ）においては、上板４１の第１の開口４１ａ及び第２の開口４１ｂ、中板４２、中板４２の第１の開口４２ａ及び第２の開口４２ｂ、下板４３、並びに、下板４３の第１の開口４３ａ及び第２の開口４３ｂが、破線で示されている。 (Structure of windproof cover 40)
(First embodiment)
4A is a top view of the windproof cover 40 according to the first embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 4B is a front view of the windproof cover 40 according to the first embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. ) Is a bottom view of the windproof cover 40 according to the first embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 4A, the upper plate 41 on the upper surface of the windproof cover 40 is provided with a first opening 41a and a second opening 41b. In the present embodiment, the first opening 41a and the second opening 41b are elongated slit-like rectangles, and the first opening 41a and the second opening 41b are provided in parallel. As shown in FIG. 4C, the lower plate 43 is provided with a first opening 43a and a second opening 43b. In FIG. 4B, the first opening 41a and the second opening 41b of the upper plate 41, the middle plate 42, the first opening 42a and the second opening 42b of the middle plate 42, the lower plate 43, and The first opening 43a and the second opening 43b of the lower plate 43 are indicated by broken lines.
　図５（ａ）は、図４（ａ）のＡ－Ａ部断面図である。防風カバー４０内には、上板４１と中板４２との間に防風室４０ａが形成され、中板４２と下板４３との間に防風室４０ｂが形成されている。また、下板４３の下方には、防風室４０ｃが形成されている。光学センサーユニット１０，２０を収納した筐体３０は、鉄道の車両４の車体の床下又は台車枠に設置され、線路の表面近くに位置するため、車両４の走行により発生した空気の流れが、線路の表面の塵埃や水滴等の異物を巻き込みながら、筐体３０の透明窓３１，３２に当たる。本実施の形態では、防風カバー４０の複数の防風室４０ｃ，４０ｂ，４０ａにより、透明窓３１へ向かう空気の流れが段階的に弱められるので、透明窓３１へ運ばれる塵埃や水滴等の異物が少なくなり、透明窓３１に異物が付着するのが抑制される。 FIG. 5 (a) is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA of FIG. 4 (a). In the windproof cover 40, a windproof chamber 40a is formed between the upper plate 41 and the middle plate 42, and a windproof chamber 40b is formed between the middle plate 42 and the lower plate 43. Further, a windproof chamber 40 c is formed below the lower plate 43. The housing 30 containing the optical sensor units 10 and 20 is installed under the floor of the vehicle body of the railway vehicle 4 or the bogie frame, and is located near the surface of the railway track. Therefore, the air flow generated by the traveling of the vehicle 4 is It strikes the transparent windows 31 and 32 of the housing 30 while entraining foreign matters such as dust and water droplets on the surface of the track. In the present embodiment, the air flow toward the transparent window 31 is gradually reduced by the plurality of windproof chambers 40c, 40b, and 40a of the windproof cover 40, so that foreign matters such as dust and water droplets carried to the transparent window 31 are removed. This reduces the amount of foreign matter attached to the transparent window 31.
　図５（ｂ）は、図４（ｂ）のＢ－Ｂ部断面図である。防風室４０ａと防風室４０ｂとを区切る中板４２には、第１の開口４２ａ及び第２の開口４２ｂが設けられている。本実施の形態では、第１の開口４２ａ及び第２の開口４２ｂは、細長いスリット状の長方形であって、第１の開口４２ａと第２の開口４２ｂとが、平行に設けられている。図５（ｃ）は図４（ｂ）のＣ－Ｃ部断面図である。防風室４０ｂと防風室４０ｃとを区切る下板４３には、第１の開口４３ａ及び第２の開口４３ｂが設けられている。本実施の形態では、第１の開口４３ａ及び第２の開口４３ｂは、細長いスリット状の長方形であって、第１の開口４３ａと第２の開口４３ｂとが、平行に設けられている。 FIG. 5 (b) is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB of FIG. 4 (b). A first opening 42a and a second opening 42b are provided in the middle plate 42 that separates the windproof chamber 40a and the windproof chamber 40b. In the present embodiment, the first opening 42a and the second opening 42b are elongated slit-like rectangles, and the first opening 42a and the second opening 42b are provided in parallel. FIG. 5C is a cross-sectional view taken along the line CC of FIG. The lower plate 43 that separates the windproof chamber 40b and the windproof chamber 40c is provided with a first opening 43a and a second opening 43b. In the present embodiment, the first opening 43a and the second opening 43b are elongated slit-like rectangles, and the first opening 43a and the second opening 43b are provided in parallel.
　以下の説明において、第１の開口４１ａ，４２ａ，４３ａ、及び第２の開口４１ｂ，４２ｂ，４３ｂの、縦横の寸法のうち、長い方を「長手方向の寸法」、短い方を「幅」と呼ぶ。後述する防風カバー５０の第１の開口及び第２の開口についても、同様である。本実施の形態の軌道検測装置１００では、第１の開口及び第２の開口の「長手方向の寸法」は、軌道３の左右方向の寸法であり、第１の開口及び第２の開口の「幅」は、軌道３が敷設されている方向（車両４の走行方向）の寸法である。 In the following description, among the vertical and horizontal dimensions of the first openings 41a, 42a, 43a and the second openings 41b, 42b, 43b, the longer one is referred to as “longitudinal dimension” and the shorter one is referred to as “width”. Call. The same applies to a first opening and a second opening of a windproof cover 50 described later. In the trajectory inspection device 100 according to the present embodiment, the “longitudinal dimension” of the first opening and the second opening is a dimension in the left-right direction of the trajectory 3, and the first opening and the second opening. “Width” is a dimension in the direction in which the track 3 is laid (the traveling direction of the vehicle 4).
　図２に示す様に、光学センサーユニット１０からの検査光Ｓ１は、透明窓３１を透過した後、第１の開口４１ａ，４２ａ，４３ａを通過して、軌道３へ照射される。また、図３（ａ）に示す軌道３からの反射光Ｒ１は、第２の開口４３ｂ，４２ｂ，４１ｂを通過した後、透明窓３１を透過して、光学センサーユニット１０で受光される。光学センサーユニット１０からの検査光Ｓ１が通過する第１の開口４１ａ，４２ａ，４３ａと、軌道３からの反射光Ｒ１が通過する第２の開口４１ｂ，４２ｂ，４３ｂとを別に設けるので、両者を共通にする場合に比べて、第１の開口４１ａ，４２ａ，４３ａ及び第２の開口４１ｂ，４２ｂ，４３ｂの幅が小さく済み、各防風室４０ａ，４０ｂ内への空気の流入が少なくなる。 As shown in FIG. 2, the inspection light S1 from the optical sensor unit 10 passes through the transparent window 31, passes through the first openings 41a, 42a, and 43a, and is irradiated onto the track 3. The reflected light R1 from the orbit 3 shown in FIG. 3A passes through the second openings 43b, 42b, and 41b, passes through the transparent window 31, and is received by the optical sensor unit 10. Since the first openings 41a, 42a, 43a through which the inspection light S1 from the optical sensor unit 10 passes and the second openings 41b, 42b, 43b through which the reflected light R1 from the orbit 3 passes are provided separately. Compared to a common case, the widths of the first openings 41a, 42a, 43a and the second openings 41b, 42b, 43b are reduced, and the inflow of air into the windbreak chambers 40a, 40b is reduced.
　図４（ａ）、図５（ｂ）及び図５（ｃ）において、第１の開口４１ａ，４２ａ，４３ａは、光学センサーユニット１０からの距離が遠いもの程、その長手方向の寸法Ｌ１，Ｌ２，Ｌ３が大きくなっている。上述の様に、軌道３の左右方向の変位に応じて、光学センサーユニット１０から照射する検査光Ｓ１の照射角度を変動させる場合、光学センサーユニット１０からの距離が遠くなる程、検査光Ｓ１の照射範囲は広くなる。第１の開口４１ａ，４２ａ，４３ａの長手方向の寸法を、光学センサーユニット１０から遠いもの程、大きくするので、検査光Ｓ１の照射角度を変動させる場合に対応することができる。 4A, 5B, and 5C, the first openings 41a, 42a, and 43a are longer in the longitudinal direction L1 and L2 as the distance from the optical sensor unit 10 is longer. , L3 is increased. As described above, when the irradiation angle of the inspection light S1 irradiated from the optical sensor unit 10 is changed according to the lateral displacement of the track 3, the distance of the inspection light S1 increases as the distance from the optical sensor unit 10 increases. The irradiation range becomes wider. Since the longitudinal dimension of the first openings 41a, 42a, 43a is increased as the distance from the optical sensor unit 10 is increased, it is possible to cope with a case where the irradiation angle of the inspection light S1 is changed.
　また、図４（ａ）、図５（ｂ）及び図５（ｃ）において、第２の開口４１ｂ，４２ｂ，４３ｂの幅Ｗ１，Ｗ２，Ｗ３は、第１の開口４１ａ，４２ａ，４３ａの幅Ｗ０よりも大きくなっている。軌道３が上下方向に変位すると、軌道３からの反射光が第２の開口４１ｂ，４２ｂ，４３ｂを通過する位置は、軌道３の変位に応じて移動する。 In FIGS. 4A, 5B, and 5C, the widths W1, W2, and W3 of the second openings 41b, 42b, and 43b are the widths of the first openings 41a, 42a, and 43a. It is larger than W0. When the track 3 is displaced in the vertical direction, the position where the reflected light from the track 3 passes through the second openings 41b, 42b, 43b moves according to the displacement of the track 3.
　図６は、軌道からの反射光の経路を説明する図である。図６（ａ）に示す様に、軌道３からの反射光Ｒ１は、車両４の走行方向に垂直ではなく、防風カバー４０へわずかに斜めに入射する。レーザー変位計１１が軌道３からの反射光Ｒ１を受光する位置は一定であり、軌道３が上下方向に変位すると、図６（ｂ）に示す様に、軌道３からの反射光Ｒ１が第２の開口４３ｂ，４２ｂ，４１ｂを通過する位置が、車両４の走行方向又はその反対方向へわずかに移動する。図６（ｂ）においては、図６（ａ）の場合の軌道３の上面、及び反射光Ｒ１の経路が、破線で示されている。第２の開口４１ｂ，４２ｂ，４３ｂの幅Ｗ１，Ｗ２，Ｗ３を、第１の開口４１ａ，４２ａ，４３ａの幅Ｗ０よりも大きくするので、軌道３の変位に応じて通過位置の異なる、軌道３からの反射光を通過させることができる。 FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining the path of reflected light from the orbit. As shown in FIG. 6A, the reflected light R <b> 1 from the track 3 enters the windproof cover 40 slightly obliquely, not perpendicular to the traveling direction of the vehicle 4. The position at which the laser displacement meter 11 receives the reflected light R1 from the track 3 is constant, and when the track 3 is displaced in the vertical direction, the reflected light R1 from the track 3 is second as shown in FIG. The positions passing through the openings 43b, 42b, 41b slightly move in the traveling direction of the vehicle 4 or in the opposite direction. In FIG. 6 (b), the upper surface of the track 3 and the path of the reflected light R1 in the case of FIG. 6 (a) are indicated by broken lines. Since the widths W1, W2, and W3 of the second openings 41b, 42b, and 43b are larger than the width W0 of the first openings 41a, 42a, and 43a, the trajectory 3 has different passing positions according to the displacement of the trajectory 3. The reflected light from can be passed.
　さらに、図４（ａ）、図５（ｂ）及び図５（ｃ）において、第２の開口４１ｂ，４２ｂ，４３ｂの長手方向の寸法は、透明窓３１からの距離が近いもの程、小さくなっている。また、第２の開口４１ｂ，４２ｂ，４３ｂの幅Ｗ１，Ｗ２，Ｗ３も、透明窓３１からの距離が近いもの程、小さくなっている。上述の様に第２の開口４１ｂ，４２ｂ，４３ｂの幅Ｗ１，Ｗ２，Ｗ３を、第１の開口４１ａ，４２ａ，４３ａの幅Ｗ０よりも大きくすると、車両４の走行により発生した空気の流れは、主に第２の開口４１ｂ，４２ｂ，４３ｂを通って透明窓３１へ向かう。第２の開口４１ｂ，４２ｂ，４３ｂの長手方向の寸法、及び幅を、透明窓３１に近いもの程、小さくするので、透明窓３１へ向かう空気の流れが、透明窓３１へ近づくにつれて、効果的に弱められる。 Further, in FIGS. 4A, 5B, and 5C, the longitudinal dimension of the second openings 41b, 42b, and 43b becomes smaller as the distance from the transparent window 31 is shorter. ing. The widths W1, W2, and W3 of the second openings 41b, 42b, and 43b are also smaller as the distance from the transparent window 31 is shorter. As described above, if the widths W1, W2, and W3 of the second openings 41b, 42b, and 43b are larger than the width W0 of the first openings 41a, 42a, and 43a, the air flow generated by the traveling of the vehicle 4 is as follows. , Mainly toward the transparent window 31 through the second openings 41b, 42b, 43b. Since the size and width in the longitudinal direction of the second openings 41b, 42b, and 43b are made smaller as they are closer to the transparent window 31, the air flow toward the transparent window 31 is more effective as it approaches the transparent window 31. Weakened by
　なお、防風カバー４０の防風室４０ａ，４０ｂ，４０ｃの内壁に、凹凸を設けると、透明窓３１へ向かう空気の流れで運ばれて来た塵埃や水滴等の異物が内壁の凹凸に付着し、透明窓３１へ到達する異物が減るので、透明窓３１への異物の付着がさらに抑制される。 In addition, when unevenness is provided on the inner walls of the windproof chambers 40a, 40b, and 40c of the windproof cover 40, foreign matters such as dust and water droplets carried by the air flow toward the transparent window 31 adhere to the unevenness of the inner wall, Since the foreign matter reaching the transparent window 31 is reduced, the adhesion of the foreign matter to the transparent window 31 is further suppressed.
（第２の実施の形態）
　図７は、本発明の第２の実施の形態による防風カバー４０の断面図である。本実施の形態では、中板４２の取り付け位置が、第１の実施の形態の防風カバー４０よりも高くなっている。その他の構成は、第１の実施の形態の防風カバー４０と同様である。中板４２の取り付け位置を、第１の実施の形態よりも高くした結果、上板４１と中板４２との間の防風室４０ａの容積が、中板４２と下板４３との間の防風室４０ｂの容積よりも、小さくなっている。防風室４０ａの容積を、隣接する、透明窓３１からの距離が遠い防風室４０ｂの容積よりも、小さくするので、透明窓３１へ向かう空気の流れが、容積の大きな防風室４０ｂから容積の小さな防風室４０ａへ移動する際に、効果的に弱められる。 (Second Embodiment)
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the windproof cover 40 according to the second embodiment of the present invention. In the present embodiment, the attachment position of the middle plate 42 is higher than the windproof cover 40 of the first embodiment. Other configurations are the same as those of the windproof cover 40 of the first embodiment. As a result of making the attachment position of the middle plate 42 higher than that of the first embodiment, the volume of the windproof chamber 40a between the upper plate 41 and the middle plate 42 is reduced by the wind prevention between the middle plate 42 and the lower plate 43. It is smaller than the volume of the chamber 40b. Since the volume of the windbreak chamber 40a is smaller than the volume of the adjacent windbreak chamber 40b that is far from the transparent window 31, the flow of air toward the transparent window 31 is reduced from the large volume windbreak chamber 40b to the small volume. When moving to the windproof room 40a, it is effectively weakened.
（第３の実施の形態）
　図８は、本発明の第３の実施の形態による防風カバー４０の斜視図である。本実施の形態では、上板４１に、検査光Ｓ１、及び軌道３からの反射光Ｒ１が通過する共通開口４１ｃが設けられている。また、破線で示す様に、中板４２に、検査光Ｓ１、及び軌道３からの反射光Ｒ１が通過する共通開口４２ｃが設けられている。さらに、破線で示す様に、下板４３に、検査光Ｓ１、及び軌道３からの反射光Ｒ１が通過する共通開口４３ｃが設けられている。その他の構成は、第１の実施の形態の防風カバー４０と同様である。 (Third embodiment)
FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a windproof cover 40 according to the third embodiment of the present invention. In the present embodiment, the upper plate 41 is provided with a common opening 41c through which the inspection light S1 and the reflected light R1 from the track 3 pass. Further, as indicated by a broken line, the middle plate 42 is provided with a common opening 42c through which the inspection light S1 and the reflected light R1 from the track 3 pass. Further, as indicated by a broken line, the lower plate 43 is provided with a common opening 43c through which the inspection light S1 and the reflected light R1 from the track 3 pass. Other configurations are the same as those of the windproof cover 40 of the first embodiment.
（防風カバー５０の構造）
　図９（ａ）は本発明の一実施の形態による防風カバー５０の上面図、図９（ｂ）は本発明の一実施の形態による防風カバー５０の正面図、図９（ｂ）は本発明の一実施の形態による防風カバー５０の底面図である。図９（ａ）に示す様に、防風カバー５０の下板５３には、第１の開口５３ａが設けられている。また、上蓋５１には、第２の開口５１ｂが設けられている。図９（ｃ）に示す様に、下板５３には、第１の開口５３ａ、及び第２の開口５３ｂが設けられている。また、下板５３の第２の開口５３ｂ内に見える中板５２には、第２の開口５２ｂが設けられている。図９（ｂ）においては、上蓋５１の第２の開口５１ｂ、中板５２の第２の開口５２ｂ、及び、下板５３の第２の開口５３ｂが、破線で示されている。 (Structure of windproof cover 50)
9A is a top view of the windproof cover 50 according to the embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 9B is a front view of the windproof cover 50 according to the embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 9B is the present invention. It is a bottom view of the windproof cover 50 by one embodiment. As shown in FIG. 9A, the lower plate 53 of the windproof cover 50 is provided with a first opening 53a. The upper lid 51 is provided with a second opening 51b. As shown in FIG. 9C, the lower plate 53 is provided with a first opening 53a and a second opening 53b. A second opening 52 b is provided in the middle plate 52 that can be seen in the second opening 53 b of the lower plate 53. In FIG. 9B, the second opening 51b of the upper lid 51, the second opening 52b of the middle plate 52, and the second opening 53b of the lower plate 53 are indicated by broken lines.
　図１０（ａ）は、図９（ａ）のＤ－Ｄ部断面図である。防風カバー５０内には、上蓋５１と中板５２との間に防風室５０ａが形成され、中板５２と下板５３との間に防風室５０ｂが形成されている。複数の防風室５０ａ，５０ｂにより、透明窓３２へ向かう空気の流れが段階的に弱められるので、透明窓３２へ運ばれる塵埃や水滴等の異物が少なくなり、透明窓３２に異物が付着するのが抑制される。 FIG. 10 (a) is a cross-sectional view taken along the line DD in FIG. 9 (a). In the windproof cover 50, a windproof chamber 50a is formed between the upper lid 51 and the middle plate 52, and a windproof chamber 50b is formed between the middle plate 52 and the lower plate 53. Since the air flow toward the transparent window 32 is gradually reduced by the plurality of windproof chambers 50a and 50b, foreign matter such as dust and water droplets carried to the transparent window 32 is reduced, and the foreign matter adheres to the transparent window 32. Is suppressed.
　図２に示す様に、光学センサーユニット２０からの検査光Ｓ２は、透明窓３２を透過した後、図示しない第１の開口５３ａを通過して、軌道３へ照射される。また、軌道３からの図示しない反射光は、第２の開口５３ｂ，５２ｂ，５１ｂを通過した後、透明窓３２を透過して、光学センサーユニット２０で受光される。 As shown in FIG. 2, the inspection light S2 from the optical sensor unit 20 passes through the transparent window 32, and then passes through the first opening 53a (not shown) and is irradiated onto the track 3. Further, reflected light (not shown) from the track 3 passes through the second openings 53b, 52b, 51b, passes through the transparent window 32, and is received by the optical sensor unit 20.
　図９（ａ），（ｃ）において、第２の開口５１ｂ，５２ｂ，５３ｂの幅は、第１の開口５３ａの幅よりも大きくなっている。第２の開口５１ｂ，５２ｂ，５３ｂの幅を、第１の開口５３ａの幅よりも大きくするので、軌道３の変位に応じて通過位置の異なる、軌道３からの反射光を通過させることができる。 9A and 9C, the widths of the second openings 51b, 52b, and 53b are larger than the width of the first opening 53a. Since the widths of the second openings 51b, 52b, and 53b are made larger than the width of the first opening 53a, the reflected light from the orbit 3 having different passage positions according to the displacement of the orbit 3 can be passed. .
　また、図９（ａ），（ｂ），（ｃ）において、第２の開口５１ｂ，５２ｂ，５３ｂの長手方向の寸法、及び幅は、透明窓３２からの距離が近いもの程、小さくなっている。第２の開口５１ｂ，５２ｂ，５３ｂの長手方向の寸法、及び幅を、透明窓３２に近いもの程、小さくするので、透明窓３２へ向かう空気の流れが、透明窓３２へ近づくにつれて、効果的に弱められる。 9A, 9B, and 9C, the longitudinal dimension and width of the second openings 51b, 52b, and 53b are smaller as the distance from the transparent window 32 is shorter. Yes. Since the longitudinal dimension and width of the second openings 51b, 52b, and 53b are reduced as the distance from the transparent window 32 decreases, the air flow toward the transparent window 32 becomes more effective as it approaches the transparent window 32. Weakened by
　図１０（ｂ）は、図９（ｂ）のＥ－Ｅ部断面図である。下板５３の第２の開口５３ｂの縁には、傾斜部５３ｃが設けられている。図１０（ｃ）は、傾斜部を設けない場合の断面図である。開口５３ｂの縁に傾斜部を設けない場合、車両４の走行により発生した空気の流れが、開口５３ｂの縁に当たって、矢印Ｆで示す様に、防風室５０ｂ内へ上昇する空気の流れが発生する。下板５３の第２の開口５３ｂの縁に傾斜部５３ｃを設けることにより、この様な空気の流れを抑制して、透明窓３２へ向かう空気の流れをさらに弱めることができる。 FIG. 10B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line EE of FIG. 9B. An inclined portion 53 c is provided at the edge of the second opening 53 b of the lower plate 53. FIG.10 (c) is sectional drawing when not providing an inclination part. When the inclined portion is not provided at the edge of the opening 53b, the air flow generated by the traveling of the vehicle 4 hits the edge of the opening 53b, and as shown by the arrow F, the air flow rising into the windbreak chamber 50b is generated. . By providing the inclined portion 53 c at the edge of the second opening 53 b of the lower plate 53, it is possible to suppress such air flow and further weaken the air flow toward the transparent window 32.
　なお、防風カバー５０の防風室５０ａ，５０ｂの内壁に、凹凸を設けると、透明窓３２へ向かう空気の流れで運ばれて来た塵埃や水滴等の異物が内壁の凹凸に付着し、透明窓３２へ到達する異物が減るので、透明窓３２への異物の付着がさらに抑制される。 In addition, if unevenness is provided on the inner walls of the windproof chambers 50a and 50b of the windproof cover 50, foreign matters such as dust and water droplets carried by the air flow toward the transparent window 32 adhere to the unevenness of the inner wall, and the transparent window Since the foreign matter reaching 32 is reduced, the adhesion of the foreign matter to the transparent window 32 is further suppressed.
［実施の形態の効果］
　以上説明した実施の形態によれば、次の効果を奏する。
（１）光学センサーユニット１０，２０からの検査光Ｓ１，Ｓ２、及び軌道３からの反射光が透過する透明窓３１，３２に、異物が付着するのを抑制することができる。 [Effect of the embodiment]
According to the embodiment described above, the following effects can be obtained.
(1) It is possible to prevent foreign matter from adhering to the transparent windows 31 and 32 through which the inspection lights S1 and S2 from the optical sensor units 10 and 20 and the reflected light from the track 3 are transmitted.
（２）さらに、光学センサーユニット１０，２０を、透明窓３１，３２を取り付けた筐体３０に収納し、凹状の防風カバー装着部３０ａ，３０ｂを筐体３０に設けて、防風カバー４０，５０を防風カバー装着部３０ａ，３０ｂへ挿入することにより、筐体３０と防風カバー４０，５０との境の凹凸が少なくなり、凹凸で防風カバー４０，５０の防風室内へ向かう風が発生するのを抑制することができる。 (2) Further, the optical sensor units 10 and 20 are housed in the housing 30 to which the transparent windows 31 and 32 are attached, and the concave windproof cover mounting portions 30a and 30b are provided in the housing 30 to provide the windproof covers 40 and 50. Is inserted into the windproof cover mounting portions 30a and 30b, so that the unevenness at the boundary between the housing 30 and the windproof covers 40 and 50 is reduced, and the wind toward the windproof room of the windproof covers 40 and 50 is generated by the unevenness. Can be suppressed.
（３）さらに、検査光Ｓ１が通過する第１の開口４１ａ，４２ａ，４３ａと、軌道３からの反射光が通過する第２の開口４１ｂ，４２ｂ，４３ｂとを別に設けることにより、両者を共通にする場合に比べて、第１の開口４１ａ，４２ａ，４３ａ及び第２の開口４１ｂ，４２ｂ，４３ｂの幅が小さく済み、各防風室４０ａ，４０ｂ内への空気の流入を少なくすることができる。 (3) Furthermore, the first openings 41a, 42a, 43a through which the inspection light S1 passes and the second openings 41b, 42b, 43b through which the reflected light from the orbit 3 passes are separately provided so that both are shared. Compared with the case where the first opening 41a, 42a, 43a and the second opening 41b, 42b, 43b are reduced in width, the inflow of air into the windbreak chambers 40a, 40b can be reduced. .
（４）さらに、第２の開口４１ｂ，４２ｂ，４３ｂ又は５１ｂ，５２ｂ，５３ｂの幅を、第１の開口４１ａ，４２ａ，４３ａ又は５３ａの幅よりも大きくすることにより、軌道３の変位に応じて通過位置の異なる、軌道３からの反射光を通過させることができる。 (4) Furthermore, by making the width of the second opening 41b, 42b, 43b or 51b, 52b, 53b larger than the width of the first opening 41a, 42a, 43a or 53a, it responds to the displacement of the track 3. Thus, the reflected light from the orbit 3 having different passing positions can be passed.
（５）さらに、複数の第２の開口４１ｂ，４２ｂ，４３ｂ又は５１ｂ，５２ｂ，５３ｂの長手方向の寸法、及び幅を、透明窓３１，３２に近いもの程、小さくすることにより、複数の第２の開口４１ｂ，４２ｂ，４３ｂ又は５１ｂ，５２ｂ，５３ｂを通って透明窓３１，３２へ向かう空気の流れを、透明窓３１，３２へ近づくにつれて、効果的に弱めることができる。 (5) Further, by reducing the longitudinal dimension and width of the plurality of second openings 41b, 42b, 43b or 51b, 52b, 53b closer to the transparent windows 31, 32, the plurality of second openings 41b, 42b, 43b or 51b, 52b, 53b are reduced. The air flow toward the transparent windows 31, 32 through the two openings 41b, 42b, 43b or 51b, 52b, 53b can be effectively reduced as the transparent windows 31, 32 are approached.
　さらに、第１及び第２の実施の形態の防風カバー４０によれば、次の効果を奏する。
（６）複数の第１の開口４１ａ，４２ａ，４３ａの長手方向の寸法を、光学センサーユニット１０，２０から遠いもの程、大きくすることにより、軌道３の左右方向の変位に応じて、検査光の照射角度を変動させる場合に対応することができる。 Furthermore, according to the windproof cover 40 of 1st and 2nd embodiment, there exists the following effect.
(6) By increasing the longitudinal dimension of the plurality of first openings 41 a, 42 a, 43 a as the distance from the optical sensor units 10, 20 increases, the inspection light according to the lateral displacement of the track 3 It is possible to cope with the case where the irradiation angle is changed.
　さらに、図７に示した第２の実施の形態の防風カバー４０によれば、次の効果を奏する。
（７）防風室４０ａの容積を、隣接する、透明窓３１から遠い防風室４０ｂの容積よりも、小さくすることにより、透明窓３１へ向かう空気の流れを、容積の大きな防風室４０ｂから容積の小さな防風室４０ａへ移動する際に、効果的に弱めることができる。 Furthermore, according to the windproof cover 40 of 2nd Embodiment shown in FIG. 7, there exists the following effect.
(7) By making the volume of the windproof room 40a smaller than the volume of the adjacent windproof room 40b far from the transparent window 31, the flow of air toward the transparent window 31 is increased from the large volume of the windproof room 40b to the volume. When moving to the small windbreak room 40a, it can be effectively weakened.
　本発明の鉄道検測装置及び鉄道検測方法は、実施の形態で説明した軌道検測装置に限らず、架線等の他の鉄道設備の検測装置にも適用することができる。また、本発明の鉄道検測装置及び鉄道検測方法は、検査対象物からの反射光を受光する光学センサーユニットを用いた鉄道検測装置に限らず、検査対象物からの散乱光を受光する光学センサーユニットを用いた鉄道検測装置にも適用することができる。 The railway inspection device and railway inspection method of the present invention can be applied not only to the track inspection device described in the embodiment but also to the inspection device of other railway facilities such as overhead lines. Moreover, the railway inspection device and the railway inspection method of the present invention are not limited to the railway inspection device using the optical sensor unit that receives the reflected light from the inspection object, but receive the scattered light from the inspection object. The present invention can also be applied to a railway inspection device using an optical sensor unit.
　また、光学センサーユニットからの検査光が通過する開口、及び検査対象物からの反射光又は散乱光が通過する開口は、以上説明した実施の形態の形状に限るものではなく、それらの長手方向の寸法、及び幅は、透明窓へ向かう空気の流れを抑えるため、必要最小限の大きさであることが望ましい。 Further, the opening through which the inspection light from the optical sensor unit passes and the opening through which the reflected light or scattered light from the inspection object passes are not limited to the shapes of the above-described embodiments, but in the longitudinal direction thereof. It is desirable that the size and the width are as small as necessary in order to suppress the air flow toward the transparent window.
　また、防風カバーの防風室の数は、実施の形態の２つ又は３つに限らず、４つ以上の防風室を設けてもよい。 Further, the number of windproof rooms of the windproof cover is not limited to two or three in the embodiment, and four or more windproof rooms may be provided.
　また、以上説明した実施の形態では、筐体に防風カバー装着部を設けて、防風カバーを着脱可能な構造としたが、防風カバーを筐体に最初から直接作り込んでおいてもよい。また、以上説明した実施の形態では、１つの防風カバーに検査光と検査対象物からの光が通過する開口を設けたが、光学センサーユニットの投光部と受光部を離して設置する場合には、光学センサーユニットの投光部と受光部のそれぞれに防風カバーを設け、検査光、または検査対象物からの光のいずれかが、防風カバーの開口を通過するようにしてもよい。 In the embodiment described above, the windproof cover mounting portion is provided in the housing so that the windproof cover can be attached / detached. However, the windproof cover may be directly formed in the housing from the beginning. In the embodiment described above, an opening through which the inspection light and the light from the inspection object pass is provided in one windproof cover. However, when the light projecting unit and the light receiving unit of the optical sensor unit are separated from each other, May be provided with a windproof cover in each of the light projecting portion and the light receiving portion of the optical sensor unit, and either inspection light or light from the inspection object may pass through the opening of the windproof cover.
　３　軌道
　４　車両
　１０，２０　光学センサーユニット
　１１，２１　レーザー変位計
　１２，２２　ミラー
　１３，２３　モータ
　１４，２４　角度検出器
　３０　筐体
　３０ａ，３０ｂ　防風カバー装着部
　３１，３２　透明窓
　４０，５０　防風カバー
　４０ａ，４０ｂ，４０ｃ　防風室
　４１　上板
　４２　中板
　４３　下板
　４１ａ，４２ａ，４３ａ　第１の開口
　４１ｂ，４２ｂ，４３ｂ　第２の開口
　４１ｃ，４２ｃ，４３ｃ　共通開口
　５０ａ，５０ｂ　防風室
　５１　上蓋
　５２　中板
　５３　下板
　５３ａ　第１の開口
　５１ｂ，５２ｂ，５３ｂ　第２の開口
　１００　軌道検測装置 3 Track 4 Vehicle 10, 20 Optical Sensor Unit 11, 21 Laser Displacement Meter 12, 22 Mirror 13, 23 Motor 14, 24 Angle Detector 30 Case 30a, 30b Windproof Cover Attaching Portion 31, 32 Transparent Window 40, 50 Windproof Cover 40a, 40b, 40c Windproof chamber 41 Upper plate 42 Middle plate 43 Lower plate 41a, 42a, 43a First opening 41b, 42b, 43b Second opening 41c, 42c, 43c Common opening 50a, 50b Windproof chamber 51 Upper lid 52 Inside Plate 53 Lower plate 53a First opening 51b, 52b, 53b Second opening 100 Trajectory measuring device

Claims (16)

  1. 　鉄道の車両に設置され、検査光を検査対象物へ照射し、前記検査対象物からの光を受光して、検出信号を出力する光学センサーユニットと、
    　前記検査対象物と前記光学センサーユニットとの間に設けられた、前記検査光、及び前記検査対象物からの光が透過する透明窓と、
    　前記検査対象物と前記透明窓との間に取り付けられた防風カバーとを備え、
    　前記防風カバーは、前記透明窓へ向かう空気の流れを段階的に弱める複数の防風室と、前記検査光、及び前記検査対象物からの光が通過する開口とを有する
    　ことを特徴とする鉄道検測装置。     An optical sensor unit that is installed in a railway vehicle, irradiates an inspection object with inspection light, receives light from the inspection object, and outputs a detection signal;
    A transparent window provided between the inspection object and the optical sensor unit, through which the inspection light and light from the inspection object pass;
    A windproof cover attached between the inspection object and the transparent window;
    The windbreak cover includes a plurality of windbreak chambers that gradually weaken the flow of air toward the transparent window, and an opening through which the inspection light and light from the inspection object pass. Measuring device.
  2. 　前記光学センサーユニットを収納し、前記透明窓が取り付けられた筐体を備え、
    　前記筐体は、前記防風カバーを挿入する凹状の防風カバー装着部を有する
    　ことを特徴とする請求項１に記載の鉄道検測装置。     The optical sensor unit is housed, and a housing to which the transparent window is attached is provided.
    The railway inspection device according to claim 1, wherein the housing has a concave windproof cover mounting portion into which the windproof cover is inserted.
  3. 　検査光を検査対象物へ照射し、前記検査対象物からの光を受光して、検出信号を出力する光学センサーユニットを、鉄道の車両に設置し、
    　前記検査光、及び前記検査対象物からの光が透過する透明窓を、前記検査対象物と前記光学センサーユニットとの間に設け、
    　複数の防風室と、前記検査光、及び前記検査対象物からの光が通過する開口とを有する防風カバーを、前記検査対象物と前記透明窓との間に取り付け、
    　前記複数の防風室により、前記透明窓へ向かう空気の流れを段階的に弱めながら、前記光学センサーユニットから照射した前記検査光を、前記透明窓及び前記開口を通して、前記検査対象物へ照射し、前記検査対象物からの光を、前記開口及び前記透明窓を通して、前記光学センサーユニットで受光して、検出信号を出力する
    　ことを特徴とする鉄道検測方法。     An optical sensor unit that irradiates an inspection object with an inspection light, receives light from the inspection object, and outputs a detection signal is installed in a railway vehicle,
    A transparent window through which the inspection light and light from the inspection object are transmitted is provided between the inspection object and the optical sensor unit,
    A windproof cover having a plurality of windbreak chambers and an opening through which the inspection light and light from the inspection object pass is attached between the inspection object and the transparent window,
    The inspection light irradiated from the optical sensor unit is irradiated to the inspection object through the transparent window and the opening while gradually reducing the air flow toward the transparent window by the plurality of windbreak rooms. A railroad inspection method, wherein light from the inspection object is received by the optical sensor unit through the opening and the transparent window, and a detection signal is output.
  4. 　前記光学センサーユニットを、前記透明窓を取り付けた筐体に収納し、
    　凹状の防風カバー装着部を前記筐体に設けて、前記防風カバーを前記防風カバー装着部へ挿入する
    　ことを特徴とする請求項３に記載の鉄道検測方法。     The optical sensor unit is housed in a housing with the transparent window attached,
    The railway inspection method according to claim 3, wherein a concave windproof cover mounting portion is provided in the housing, and the windproof cover is inserted into the windproof cover mounting portion.
  5. 　鉄道の車両に設置され、検査光を検査対象物へ照射し、前記検査対象物からの光を受光して、検出信号を出力する光学センサーユニットと、
    　前記検査対象物と前記光学センサーユニットとの間に設けられた、前記検査光、及び前記検査対象物からの光が透過する透明窓と、
    　前記検査対象物と前記透明窓との間に取り付けられた防風カバーとを備え、
    　前記防風カバーは、前記透明窓へ向かう空気の流れを段階的に弱める複数の防風室と、前記検査光が通過する第１の開口と、前記検査対象物からの光が通過する第２の開口とを有する
    　ことを特徴とする鉄道検測装置。     An optical sensor unit that is installed in a railway vehicle, irradiates an inspection object with inspection light, receives light from the inspection object, and outputs a detection signal;
    A transparent window provided between the inspection object and the optical sensor unit, through which the inspection light and light from the inspection object pass;
    A windproof cover attached between the inspection object and the transparent window;
    The windproof cover includes a plurality of windproof chambers that gradually weaken the flow of air toward the transparent window, a first opening through which the inspection light passes, and a second opening through which light from the inspection object passes. A railway inspection and measurement apparatus characterized by comprising:
  6. 　前記光学センサーユニットを収納し、前記透明窓が取り付けられた筐体を備え、
    　前記筐体は、前記防風カバーを挿入する凹状の防風カバー装着部を有する
    　ことを特徴とする請求項５に記載の鉄道検測装置。     The optical sensor unit is housed, and a housing to which the transparent window is attached is provided.
    The railway inspection device according to claim 5, wherein the housing has a concave windproof cover mounting portion into which the windproof cover is inserted.
  7. 　前記第２の開口は、その幅が前記第１の開口の幅よりも大きい
    　ことを特徴とする請求項５又は請求項６に記載の鉄道検測装置。     The railway inspection device according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the width of the second opening is larger than the width of the first opening.
  8. 　前記防風カバーは、前記第２の開口を複数有し、
    　前記複数の第２の開口は、前記透明窓に近いもの程、その長手方向の寸法、及び幅が小さい
    　ことを特徴とする請求項５乃至請求項７のいずれか一項に記載の鉄道検測装置。     The windproof cover has a plurality of the second openings,
    The railroad inspection according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the plurality of second openings have smaller longitudinal dimensions and widths as they are closer to the transparent window. apparatus.
  9. 　前記防風カバーは、前記第１の開口を複数有し、
    　前記複数の第１の開口は、前記光学センサーユニットから遠いもの程、その長手方向の寸法が大きい
    　ことを特徴とする請求項５乃至請求項８のいずれか一項に記載の鉄道検測装置。     The windproof cover has a plurality of the first openings,
    The railway inspection device according to any one of claims 5 to 8, wherein the plurality of first openings have a longer dimension in a longitudinal direction as they are farther from the optical sensor unit.
  10. 　前記複数の防風室のいずれかは、隣接する、前記透明窓から遠い防風室よりも、その容積が小さい
    　ことを特徴とする請求項５乃至請求項９のいずれか一項に記載の鉄道検測装置。     The railway inspection according to any one of claims 5 to 9, wherein any one of the plurality of windbreak rooms has a smaller volume than an adjacent windbreak room far from the transparent window. apparatus.
  11. 　検査光を検査対象物へ照射し、前記検査対象物からの光を受光して、検出信号を出力する光学センサーユニットを、鉄道の車両に設置し、
    　前記検査光、及び前記検査対象物からの光が透過する透明窓を、前記検査対象物と前記光学センサーユニットとの間に設け、
    　複数の防風室と、前記検査光が通過する第１の開口と、前記検査対象物からの光が通過する第２の開口とを有する防風カバーを、前記検査対象物と前記透明窓との間に取り付け、
    　前記複数の防風室により、前記透明窓へ向かう空気の流れを段階的に弱めながら、前記光学センサーユニットから照射した前記検査光を、前記透明窓及び前記第１の開口を通して、前記検査対象物へ照射し、前記検査対象物からの光を、前記第２の開口及び前記透明窓を通して、前記光学センサーユニットで受光して、検出信号を出力する
    　ことを特徴とする鉄道検測方法。     An optical sensor unit that irradiates an inspection object with an inspection light, receives light from the inspection object, and outputs a detection signal is installed in a railway vehicle,
    A transparent window through which the inspection light and light from the inspection object are transmitted is provided between the inspection object and the optical sensor unit,
    A windproof cover having a plurality of windbreak chambers, a first opening through which the inspection light passes, and a second opening through which light from the inspection object passes is provided between the inspection object and the transparent window. Attached to the
    The inspection light irradiated from the optical sensor unit is passed through the transparent window and the first opening to the inspection object while the airflow toward the transparent window is gradually reduced by the plurality of windbreak chambers. A railway inspection and measurement method comprising: irradiating, receiving light from the inspection object through the second opening and the transparent window by the optical sensor unit, and outputting a detection signal.
  12. 　前記光学センサーユニットを、前記透明窓を取り付けた筐体に収納し、
    　凹状の防風カバー装着部を前記筐体に設けて、前記防風カバーを前記防風カバー装着部へ挿入する
    　ことを特徴とする請求項１１に記載の鉄道検測方法。     The optical sensor unit is housed in a housing with the transparent window attached,
    The railway inspection method according to claim 11, wherein a concave windproof cover mounting portion is provided in the housing, and the windproof cover is inserted into the windproof cover mounting portion.
  13. 　前記第２の開口の幅を、前記第１の開口の幅よりも大きくする
    　ことを特徴とする請求項１１又は請求項１２に記載の鉄道検測方法。     The railway inspection method according to claim 11 or 12, wherein a width of the second opening is made larger than a width of the first opening.
  14. 　前記防風カバーに、前記第２の開口を複数設け、
    　前記複数の第２の開口の長手方向の寸法、及び幅を、前記透明窓に近いもの程、小さくする
    　ことを特徴とする請求項１１乃至請求項１３のいずれか一項に記載の鉄道検測方法。     A plurality of the second openings are provided in the windproof cover,
    The railway inspection according to any one of claims 11 to 13, wherein a size and a width of the plurality of second openings in a longitudinal direction are made smaller as they are closer to the transparent window. Method.
  15. 　前記防風カバーに、前記第１の開口を複数設け、
    　前記複数の第１の開口の長手方向の寸法を、前記光学センサーユニットから遠いもの程、大きくする
    　ことを特徴とする請求項１１乃至請求項１４のいずれか一項に記載の鉄道検測方法。     A plurality of the first openings are provided in the windproof cover,
    The railway inspection method according to any one of claims 11 to 14, wherein the longitudinal dimension of the plurality of first openings is increased as the distance from the optical sensor unit increases.
  16. 　前記複数の防風室のいずれかの容積を、隣接する、前記透明窓から遠い防風室の容積よりも、小さくする
    　ことを特徴とする請求項１１乃至請求項１５のいずれか一項に記載の鉄道検測方法。     The railroad according to any one of claims 11 to 15, wherein any one of the plurality of windbreak rooms has a volume smaller than that of an adjacent windbreak room far from the transparent window. Inspection method.
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