WO2019184929A1 - 耦合结构 - Google Patents

耦合结构 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019184929A1
WO2019184929A1 PCT/CN2019/079795 CN2019079795W WO2019184929A1 WO 2019184929 A1 WO2019184929 A1 WO 2019184929A1 CN 2019079795 W CN2019079795 W CN 2019079795W WO 2019184929 A1 WO2019184929 A1 WO 2019184929A1
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Prior art keywords
top cover
coupling structure
beam tube
tube
target device
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PCT/CN2019/079795
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English (en)
French (fr)
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何满潮
吴宜灿
汪建业
王芳
柏云清
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何满潮
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Publication of WO2019184929A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019184929A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C1/00—Reactor types
    • G21C1/30—Subcritical reactors ; Experimental reactors other than swimming-pool reactors or zero-energy reactors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C13/00—Pressure vessels; Containment vessels; Containment in general
    • G21C13/02—Details
    • G21C13/032—Joints between tubes and vessel walls, e.g. taking into account thermal stresses
    • G21C13/036—Joints between tubes and vessel walls, e.g. taking into account thermal stresses the tube passing through the vessel wall, i.e. continuing on both sides of the wall
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C13/00—Pressure vessels; Containment vessels; Containment in general
    • G21C13/02—Details
    • G21C13/06—Sealing-plugs
    • G21C13/073—Closures for reactor-vessels, e.g. rotatable
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
    • G21C15/02—Arrangements or disposition of passages in which heat is transferred to the coolant; Coolant flow control devices
    • G21C15/14—Arrangements or disposition of passages in which heat is transferred to the coolant; Coolant flow control devices from headers; from joints in ducts
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
    • G21C15/22—Structural association of coolant tubes with headers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C19/00—Arrangements for treating, for handling, or for facilitating the handling of, fuel or other materials which are used within the reactor, e.g. within its pressure vessel
    • G21C19/20—Arrangements for introducing objects into the pressure vessel; Arrangements for handling objects within the pressure vessel; Arrangements for removing objects from the pressure vessel
    • G21C19/22—Arrangements for obtaining access to the interior of a pressure vessel whilst the reactor is operating
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C7/00—Control of nuclear reaction
    • G21C7/34—Control of nuclear reaction by utilisation of a primary neutron source
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H3/00—Production or acceleration of neutral particle beams, e.g. molecular or atomic beams
    • H05H3/06—Generating neutron beams
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21G—CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ELEMENTS; RADIOACTIVE SOURCES
    • G21G4/00—Radioactive sources
    • G21G4/02—Neutron sources
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of fission reaction, in particular to a coupling structure of a neutron source system and an energy generating system.
  • the underground neutron power station is mainly composed of a neutron source system and an energy generation system. Its main working principle is to use the neutron source system to generate neutrons, and generate new fissile materials through the U-238 reaction in the neutron and energy generation system. And to achieve fission reaction to generate energy.
  • the target device usually connected to the neutron source system, causes the target temperature to rise continuously due to the heat generated by the beam bombardment at the target position.
  • the target temperature cannot exceed 200 °C.
  • the prior art is provided with a water-cooling duct at the position of the target for carrying away the heat generated by the beam bombardment of the target sheet.
  • the external ambient temperature of the target device exceeds 100 ° C. If no special consideration is given, the cooling water at the target piece will be vaporized in a large amount, and the target piece cannot be effectively dissipated, thereby causing the target piece to fail.
  • the existing neutron source system and the energy generating system are integrated, and the target device is connected to the reaction container of the energy generating system through the opening in the top cover, but if the operation of opening the cover for refueling or opening the cover is required, The target device is first removed before the top cover can be opened for refueling operations.
  • the present invention provides a coupling structure coupled between a neutron source system having an ion beam tube through which an ion beam passes, and an energy generating system having a core placed a reaction container, the coupling structure comprising:
  • a target device having a beam tube and a target body coupled to the beam tube, the beam tube being coupled to the ion beam tube;
  • top cover which is sealingly connected to the reaction container, the top cover has at least two top cover plates spliced with each other, and a connection for the beam tube is formed between the at least two top cover plates hole.
  • the coupling structure of the present invention has the advantages and advantages that the coupling structure of the present invention can satisfy the separation of the top cover and the target device during the opening operation, and avoid the operation of removing the target device, thereby making the operation simpler;
  • the design of the neutron source target device in a high temperature environment solves the problem that the conventional target device cannot work in a high temperature external environment.
  • the target device of the coupling structure of the present invention can work in a high temperature internal environment during operation of the energy generating system, and the coupling structure can be well coupled with the energy generating system to generate neutrons at the center of the energy generating system to form a safe and reliable operation and resources. Highly utilized neutron energy system.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a coupling structure of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the plug structure of the top cover of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a perspective view of the top cover of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the structure of a target device of the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a coupling structure 1 connected between a neutron source system and an energy generating system, the neutron source system having an ion beam tube through which an ion beam passes.
  • the energy generating system has a reaction vessel 3 in which a core 31 is placed, the coupling structure 1 comprising a target device 2 and a top cover 11, wherein the target device 2 has a beam tube 21 and a target connected to the beam tube 21 a body 22, the beam tube 21 is connected to the ion beam tube; a top cover 11 is sealingly connected to the reaction container 3, and the top cover 11 has at least two top cover plates 111 spliced to each other, the at least A connection hole 112 through which the beam tube 21 is bored is formed between the two top cover plates 111.
  • the target body 22 connected to the end of the beam tube 21 is bombarded to form a neutron, and the neutron reacts with the core 31 in the energy generating system to generate a new fission.
  • the material and the fission reaction produce energy.
  • high-temperature heat of more than 300 ° C is generated.
  • the coupling structure 1 of the present invention is connected between the neutron source system and the energy generating system, and has a compact structure.
  • the top cover 11 of the coupling structure can be detachably connected with the target device 2, and the energy generating system needs to be opened and refueled. Or when the cover is repaired and the like, the top cover 11 can be directly disassembled, the removal operation of the target device 2 from the energy generating system is avoided, and the operation is more convenient.
  • the coupling structure 1 can effectively secure the target connected to the neutron source system. The stability of the connection between the device 2 and the energy generating system.
  • the target device 2 of the coupling structure 1 has a beam tube 21 through which an ion beam passes, and the target body 22 is connected to the end of the beam tube 21; in the present invention,
  • the outer tube of the beam tube 21 is sleeved with a double outer tube 23, and the double outer tube 23 has a vacuum chamber 24, and the vacuum chamber 24 is connected to the external vacuuming device through the pipeline to maintain the high vacuum of the vacuum chamber 24.
  • the vacuum chamber 24 serves to block heat exchange between the high temperature environment outside the isolation target device 2 and the target body 22.
  • a cooling tube 25 is disposed outside the beam tube 21, and the cooling tube 25 is located between the beam tube 21 and the double outer tube 23.
  • the cooling tube 25 is connected by spiral winding.
  • the cooling tube 25 is used for cooling the beam tube 21, for example, a coolant can be introduced into the cooling tube 25, and the ion beam is carried away by the flow of the coolant in the cooling tube 25.
  • the heat generated on the target body 22 is bombarded.
  • the outer wall of the cooling tube 25 is provided with a reflective coating for reflecting the radiant heat generated by the high temperature environment outside the target device 2 back.
  • other cooling structures may be disposed outside the beam tube 21, as long as the heat generated by the ion beam bombardment on the target body 22 can be removed, which is not limited herein.
  • the top cover 11 of the coupling structure 1 is composed of at least two top cover plates 111.
  • the top cover 11 has a plug structure 113, and the at least two top covers 111 are spliced together by the plug structure 113.
  • the plug structure 113 includes a plurality of ribs 1131 and a plurality of grooves 1132.
  • the ribs 1131 are inserted into the grooves 1132.
  • the plurality of ribs 1131 and the plurality of grooves 1132 are disposed on at least two top covers. 111 spliced end faces.
  • the top cover plate 111 is two, the top cover plate 111 is semi-circular, and the two top cover plates 111 are buckled to form a circular top cover 11.
  • a plurality of ribs 1131 and a plurality of grooves 1132 are respectively disposed on the splicing end faces of the two top cover plates 111.
  • one of the top cover plates 111 is The ribs 1131 are inserted into the plurality of recesses 1132 on the other top cover 111, which enhances the shielding effect at the junction of the two top cover 111.
  • the top cover 11 may also be composed of three top cover plates 111, four top cover plates 111 or more top cover plates 111, which are not limited herein.
  • the top cover 11 of the present invention can be separated and assembled by a hoisting machine without affecting the target device 2.
  • a connecting hole 112 through which the beam tube 21 is bored is formed between the at least two top covers 111 of the top cover 11.
  • the double outer tube 23 and the connecting sleeve outside the beam tube 21 are connected.
  • a plurality of sealing rings are provided between the holes 112, and a mechanical static seal between the target device 2 and the top cover 11 is achieved by a plurality of sealing rings.
  • the top cover 11 is sealingly connected to the reaction container 3 of the energy generating system, and the core 31 in the reaction container 3 is installed concentrically with the reaction container 3, and a vacancy is reserved in the center of the core 31 for mounting the target body of the target device 2. 22, that is, the target body 22 is inserted into the core 31.
  • the outer diameter of the target body 22 of the target device 2 is smaller than the size of one fuel assembly of the core 31.
  • the target body 22 can replace one fuel assembly.
  • the target body 22 The outer diameter is not more than 125 mm, and it is installed at the center of the core 31.
  • the beam tube 21 is attached to the top cover 11 by a sealing flange 26. Further, the outer cover of the energy generating system is provided with a safety shell 32 which is a circular deep top cover made of reinforced concrete, the safety shell 32 and the top cover 11, the reaction container 3 and the core 31 Concentrically mounted, the beam tube 21 is vertically connected to the containment 32 by a fixed steel plate 17.
  • the coupling structure 1 of the invention adopts a separate design of the top cover 11 and can avoid the additional operation of the target device 2 for the special coupling of the neutron source system and the energy generating system of the underground neutron power station each time the opening operation is performed. It is only necessary to simply perform the operation of the top cover 11; in addition, by adding the vacuum chamber 24 to the target device 2, the overall structure of the target device 2 is designed to be a long cylinder type and the outer diameter of the target body 22 is smaller than the core 31.
  • a fuel assembly size allows the target device 2 to operate in a high temperature environment in which the energy generating system operates, enabling it to couple with the energy generating system to form a safe, reliable, resource efficient neutron energy system.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)

Abstract

一种耦合结构（1），其连接在中子源系统与能量产生系统之间，中子源系统具有供离子束通过的离子束管，能量产生系统具有放置堆芯（31）的反应容器（3），耦合结构（1）包括：靶装置（2），其具有束流管（21）及连接在束流管（21）上的靶本体（22），束流管（21）与离子束管相连；顶盖（11），其密封连接在反应容器（3）上，顶盖（11）具有相互拼接的至少两个顶盖板（111），至少两个顶盖板（111）之间形成有供束流管（21）穿设的连接孔（112）。

Description

耦合结构 技术领域
本发明涉及裂变反应技术领域，尤其涉及一种中子源系统与能量产生系统的耦合结构。
背景技术
地下中子能电站主要由中子源系统和能量产生系统组成，其主要工作原理是利用中子源系统产生中子，通过中子与能量产生系统中的U-238反应产生新的易裂变材料并实现裂变反应产生能量。
通常连接在中子源系统上的靶装置，其靶片位置处由于束流轰击产生的热量会导致靶片温度持续上升，一般来说靶片温度不能超过200℃。为了有效控制靶片温度，现有技术都是在靶片位置处设置有水冷却管道，用于带走束流轰击靶片产生的热量。但是在地下中子能电站中，靶装置外部环境温度超过100℃，如果不进行特殊考虑，靶片处的冷却水将大量汽化，无法对靶片进行有效散热，进而导致靶片失效。
现有的中子源系统、能量产生系统是一个整体，靶装置通过顶盖上的开孔连接到能量产生系统的反应容器，但是如果进行开盖换料或者开盖维修等操作时，便需要首先将靶装置拆除，然后才能打开顶盖进行换料操作。
为了达到地下中子能电站较高的中子经济性，需要保证中子源系统的靶稳定性，尽量减少靶装置的拆卸。因此，地下中子能电站中子源系统和能量产生系统的耦合面临着一定的挑战。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种耦合结构，实现顶盖和靶装置的分离，避免靶装置拆除的操作，使得操作更简便。
本发明的上述目的可采用下列技术方案来实现：
本发明提供一种耦合结构，所述耦合结构连接在中子源系统与能量产生系统之间，所述中子源系统具有供离子束通过的离子束管，所述能量产生系统具有放置堆芯的反应容器，所述耦合结构包括：
靶装置，其具有束流管及连接在所述束流管上的靶本体，所述束流管与所述离 子束管相连；
顶盖，其密封连接在所述反应容器上，所述顶盖具有相互拼接的至少两个顶盖板，所述至少两个顶盖板之间形成有供所述束流管穿设的连接孔。
本发明的耦合结构的特点及优点是：本发明的耦合结构，能够满足在进行开盖操作过程中，实现顶盖和靶装置的分离，避免靶装置拆除的操作，使得操作更简便；另外，通过高温环境下中子源靶装置的设计，解决了常规靶装置不能工作于高温度外部环境的难题。本发明的耦合结构的靶装置可以工作于能量产生系统运行时的高温度内部环境，同时该耦合结构能够与能量产生系统良好耦合，在能量产生系统中心处产生中子，形成运行安全可靠、资源利用率高的中子能源系统。
附图说明
图1为本发明的耦合结构的结构示意图。
图2为本发明的顶盖的插接结构的示意图。
图3为本发明的顶盖的立体图。
图4为本发明的靶装置的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
如图1所示，本发明提供一种耦合结构1，所述耦合结构1连接在中子源系统与能量产生系统之间，所述中子源系统具有供离子束通过的离子束管，所述能量产生系统具有放置堆芯31的反应容器3，所述耦合结构1包括靶装置2和顶盖11，其中：靶装置2具有束流管21及连接在所述束流管21上的靶本体22，所述束流管21与所述离子束管相连；顶盖11密封连接在所述反应容器3上，所述顶盖11具有相互拼接的至少两个顶盖板111，所述至少两个顶盖板111之间形成有供所述束流管21穿设的连接孔112。
离子束通过离子束管以及束流管21后，轰击连接在束流管21端部的靶本体22而聚变形成中子，该中子与能量产生系统中的堆芯31反应产生新的易裂变材料并实现裂变反应产生能量。在离子束轰击靶本体22发生聚变反应产生中子的过程中，会产生大于300℃ 的高温热量。
本发明的耦合结构1连接在中子源系统与能量产生系统之间，其结构紧凑，该耦合结构的顶盖11能与靶装置2可拆卸地连接，当能量产生系统需要进行开盖换料或者开盖维修等操作时，直接拆卸顶盖11即可，避免了靶装置2从能量产生系统上的拆除操作，使得操作更简便，该耦合结构1能够有效保障与中子源系统相连的靶装置2与能量产生系统间的连接稳定性。
具体是，请配合参阅图4所示，该耦合结构1的靶装置2具有供离子束穿过的束流管21，靶本体22连接在束流管21的端部；在本发明中，在束流管21的外部套设有双层外管23，该双层外管23具有真空腔24，将真空腔24通过管路连接外部的抽真空设备，可一直维持真空腔24的高真空度环境，该真空腔24用于阻断隔离靶装置2外面的高温环境与靶本体22之间的热交换。
进一步的，在束流管21的外部还设有冷却管25，该冷却管25位于束流管21与双层外管23之间，在本实施例中，冷却管25以螺旋缠绕的方式连接在束流管21的外壁上，该冷却管25用于对束流管21进行冷却处理，例如该冷却管25内可通入冷却剂，通过冷却剂在冷却管25内的流动带走离子束轰击在靶本体22上产生的热量。在本实施例中，该冷却管25的外壁上设有反射涂层，该反射涂层用于将靶装置2外面的高温度环境产生的辐射热反射回去。当然，在其他的实施方式中，在束流管21的外部还可设有其他制冷结构，只要能实现带走离子束轰击在靶本体22上产生的热量即可，在此不做限制。
如图2和图3所示，耦合结构1的顶盖11由至少两个顶盖板111拼接组成，在本实施方式中，该顶盖11具有插接结构113，该至少两个顶盖板111通过插接结构113相互拼接在一起。
具体的，该插接结构113包括多个凸棱1131及多个凹槽1132，该凸棱1131插入凹槽1132内，多个凸棱1131及多个凹槽1132设置在至少两个顶盖板111相拼接的端面上。
在本发明的实施例中，该顶盖板111为两个，该顶盖板111为半圆形，两个顶盖板111对扣形成圆形的顶盖11。在两个顶盖板111对扣的拼接端面上分别设有多个凸棱1131和多个凹槽1132，当两个顶盖板111对扣在一起时，其中一个顶盖板111上的多个凸棱1131插入另一顶盖板111上的多个凹槽1132内，这样可以增强两个顶盖板111连接处的屏蔽作用。当然，在其他的实施方式中，顶盖11也可由三个顶盖板111、四个顶盖板111或更多个顶盖板111拼接组成，在此不做限制。本发明的顶盖11可通过吊装机械进行分离操作和组合安装，而不影响靶装置2。
该顶盖11的至少两个顶盖板111之间形成有供束流管21穿设的连接孔112，在本实施例中，套设在束流管21外部的双层外管23与连接孔112之间设有多个密封圈，通过多个密封圈实现靶装置2与顶盖11之间的机械静密封。
该顶盖11密封连接在能量产生系统的反应容器3上，反应容器3内的堆芯31与反应容器3同心安装，在堆芯31中心预留一个空位，用于安装靶装置2的靶本体22，也即靶本体22插入堆芯31中。在本实施例中，靶装置2的靶本体22的外径尺寸小于堆芯31的一个燃料组件的尺寸，该靶本体22可以替换掉一个燃料组件，在一具体实施例中，靶本体22的外径尺寸不大于125mm，其安装在堆芯31的中心位置处。
在本发明中，该束流管21通过密封法兰26连接在顶盖11上。进一步的，该能量产生系统的外部罩设有安全壳32，该安全壳32为圆形深顶盖，其由钢筋混凝土制成，该安全壳32与顶盖11、反应容器3和堆芯31同心安装，该束流管21通过固定钢板17垂直连接在安全壳32上。
本发明的耦合结构1，采用顶盖11分离式设计，每次开盖操作时，针对地下中子能电站中子源系统和能量产生系统耦合的特殊性，能够避免对靶装置2的额外操作，只需要简单的进行顶盖11操作即可；另外，通过在靶装置2中增加真空腔24，并将靶装置2的整体结构设计为长筒型且靶本体22的外径小于堆芯31的一个燃料组件尺寸，可以使靶装置2工作在能量产生系统运行时的高温度环境，使之能够与能量产生系统耦合形成运行安全可靠、资源利用率高的中子能源系统。
以上所述仅为本发明的几个实施例，本领域的技术人员依据申请文件公开的内容可以对本发明实施例进行各种改动或变型而不脱离本发明的精神和范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种耦合结构，其中，所述耦合结构连接在中子源系统与能量产生系统之间，所述中子源系统具有供离子束通过的离子束管，所述能量产生系统具有放置堆芯的反应容器，所述耦合结构包括：
    靶装置，其具有束流管及连接在所述束流管上的靶本体，所述束流管与所述离子束管相连；
    顶盖，其密封连接在所述反应容器上，所述顶盖具有相互拼接的至少两个顶盖板，所述至少两个顶盖板之间形成有供所述束流管穿设的连接孔。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的耦合结构，其中，所述顶盖具有插接结构，所述至少两个顶盖板通过所述插接结构相互拼接在一起。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的耦合结构，其中，所述插接结构包括多个凸棱及多个凹槽，所述凸棱插入所述凹槽内，所述多个凸棱及所述多个凹槽设置在所述至少两个顶盖板相拼接的端面上。
  4. 如权利要求2所述的耦合结构，其中，所述顶盖板为两个，所述顶盖板为半圆形，两个所述顶盖板对扣形成所述顶盖。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的耦合结构，其中，所述束流管的外部套设有双层外管，所述双层外管具有真空腔。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的耦合结构，其中，所述束流管的外部缠绕有冷却管，所述冷却管位于所述双层外管与所述束流管之间。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的耦合结构，其中，所述冷却管的外部设有反射涂层。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的耦合结构，其中，所述束流管通过密封法兰连接在所述顶盖上。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的耦合结构，其中，所述能量产生系统的外部罩设有安全壳，所述束流管通过固定钢板连接在所述安全壳上。
  10. 如权利要求1所述的耦合结构，其中，所述靶本体插入所述堆芯中。
PCT/CN2019/079795 2018-03-29 2019-03-27 耦合结构 WO2019184929A1 (zh)

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