WO2019179454A1 - 切割式损伤性医疗废物毁形系统 - Google Patents

切割式损伤性医疗废物毁形系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019179454A1
WO2019179454A1 PCT/CN2019/078824 CN2019078824W WO2019179454A1 WO 2019179454 A1 WO2019179454 A1 WO 2019179454A1 CN 2019078824 W CN2019078824 W CN 2019078824W WO 2019179454 A1 WO2019179454 A1 WO 2019179454A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cutting
subsystem
contact
power
medical waste
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PCT/CN2019/078824
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李旭东
Original Assignee
李旭东
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Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201810230376.XA external-priority patent/CN108202079A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201820378505.5U external-priority patent/CN208230515U/zh
Application filed by 李旭东 filed Critical 李旭东
Publication of WO2019179454A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019179454A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L11/00—Methods specially adapted for refuse
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of damaging medical waste treatment, in particular to a cutting type damage medical waste destruction system.
  • the invasive appliance has not been re-sterilized for the damage waste before the end of use until the final destruction, and there is a risk of polluting the environment.
  • the present invention provides a cutting method for removing the sharp portion of the damaged waste, eliminating the risk of injury, and immersing the contaminated sharp portion under the cutting and disinfecting with the disinfectant to eliminate the polluted environment. Risk of cutting-type damaged medical waste destruction system.
  • a cutting type damage medical waste destruction system comprises a cutting subsystem, a storage subsystem, a control subsystem and a power subsystem; the cutting subsystem is provided with a cutting piece, and the cutting piece rotates at a high speed in a certain space And directional movement to cut off the contaminated metal needle , and sterilize and sterilize the cutting piece while cutting; the storage subsystem is provided with a disinfecting liquid for storing and disinfecting the severed portion; A subsystem is coupled to the power subsystem for automatically controlling the start and end of the cutting operation of the cutting subsystem; the power subsystem is configured to control the rotation and movement of the cutting blade.
  • the cutting subsystem is integrated with the storage subsystem to form a cutting storage box
  • the power subsystem is integrated into a power base
  • the cutting storage box is provided with a cutting cavity, a disinfecting cavity and a storage cavity, and the cutting piece is loaded Within the cutting chamber.
  • the cutting cavity is located at the top of the cutting storage box, the top surface of the cutting cavity is provided with a first through hole, the storage cavity is located at the bottom of the cutting storage box, and the top surface of the storage cavity is set There is a second through hole, and the second through hole is vertically disposed corresponding to the first through hole.
  • control subsystem includes a first insertion tray and a second insertion tray separated from each other, a bottom of the first insertion tray is inserted into the first through hole, and a bottom of the second insertion tray is inserted into the second a through hole, a first insertion hole is disposed in a center of the first insertion disk, and a second insertion hole is disposed in a center of the second insertion hole, and the second insertion hole is the same as the first insertion hole and vertically
  • the opposite setting is used for the insertion of the metal needle.
  • first insertion tray or/and the second insertion tray are metal discs in the shape of a funnel, and the first insertion tray or/and the second insertion tray are respectively connected to the cutting storage case by wires.
  • the power base is provided with a first switch contact and a second switch contact respectively corresponding to the first metal contact and the second metal contact
  • the first metal contact and the first switch contact are in corresponding contact
  • the second metal contact and the second switch contact are in corresponding contact.
  • the cutting cavity is located at the top of the cutting storage box, the top surface of the cutting cavity is opened with an annular through groove, and the two ends of the annular groove are maintained between the top surface of the cutting cavity Connecting; the central opening of the elastic body is inserted into the needle tip such that the inner portion of the annular through groove forms a first insertion disk that is elastically movable up and down by the connecting portion; the first insertion disk is away from the a bottom surface of the end portion of the connecting portion is provided with a first electrical contact, the first electrical contact is connected with a first metal contact wire disposed on the cutting storage case, and a horizontal protruding portion is arranged below the top of the cutting cavity a second electrical contact, the second electrical contact and a second metal contact disposed on the cutting storage case at a position opposite to an upper surface of the transverse protrusion and the first electrical contact a wire connection; the power base is provided with a first switch contact and a second switch contact respectively corresponding to the first metal contact and the second metal contact, and the
  • the bottom surface of the cutting chamber is slotted for the power shaft of the bottom of the cutting blade to pass through and enter the power subsystem.
  • the sterilization chamber is located at one side of the cutting cavity, and the side wall thereof is adjacent to the cutting piece, and the sterilization chamber is provided with a disinfecting gel to disinfect the cutting piece.
  • the power base includes a moving bracket, a power motor, a shift motor, a return spring, and a power component
  • the power motor is mounted on the moving bracket, and an output shaft of the power motor and a power shaft of the cutting piece Interlacing to drive the cutting piece to rotate
  • the return spring is coupled to one side of the moving bracket
  • the shifting motor is located at one side of the power motor for driving the power motor together with the
  • the moving bracket is orientated to drive the cutting piece to be displaced.
  • the power supply assembly includes a rechargeable battery, a charging system, and a switch contact, the rechargeable battery and the charging system are located at a bottom of the power base, and the rechargeable battery is charged by the charging system.
  • the power base and the power component are packaged in a plastic box, and the power motor, the shift motor, the rechargeable battery and the charging system are connected by wires, and switch contacts are disposed at corresponding positions on the outside of the box and the cutting storage box. Further, the cutting storage case is detachably mounted on the power base. After installation, the contacts on the two boxes are connected to form a switch circuit. When the metal tip is inserted, the circuit is turned on, the whole system works, the cutting is completed, the circuit is disconnected, and the system stops working.
  • the cutting subsystem is used to cut off the contaminated metal needle, and the sharp portion after cutting is stored in the storage subsystem for storage and disinfection.
  • the invention can harm the damaged waste in the shortest time and the shortest distance at the medical operation site. Reduce the risk of re-injury to the processor during the traditional treatment process, reduce the environmental risk of infectious waste pollution, and use it more valuable in non-medical environments. Only the tip and tip of the needle are damaged waste after treatment, which makes the damage in the traditional sense. The waste volume is reduced by more than 98%, which greatly reduces the treatment cost, and the treated damaged waste can be temporarily stored in a harmless manner for a long time, which simplifies the process of the damaged waste treatment, and can also prevent the illegal use of the contaminated appliance.
  • Figure 1 is a side view of the cutting-type damage medical waste destruction system of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a front elevational view of the cutting-type damage medical waste destruction system of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a control subsystem in a cutting-type damage medical waste destruction system of the present invention
  • Figure 5 is a side elevational view of the cutting-type damaging medical waste destruction system of the second embodiment.
  • 1 - cutting storage box 1 - cutting storage box, 2 - power base, 3 - cutting cavity, 4 - disinfection chamber, 5 - storage chamber, 6 - first insertion tray, 7 - power shaft, 8 - cutting piece, 9 - power motor , 10 - second insertion tray, 11 - power supply assembly, 12 - mobile bracket, 13 - shift motor, 14 - return spring, 15 - first through hole, 16 - second through hole, 17 - first insertion hole, 18—Second insertion hole.
  • Embodiment 1 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
  • the present invention provides a cutting type damage medical waste destruction system, comprising a cutting subsystem, a storage subsystem, a control subsystem and a power subsystem.
  • a cutting piece 8 is disposed in the cutting subsystem, and the cutting piece 8 is rotated at a high speed in a certain space and oriented to cut off the contaminated metal needle, and the cutting piece 8 is sterilized and humidified while being cut.
  • the disinfection liquid is pre-installed inside the storage subsystem, and the severed part that has been cut off enters the storage subsystem for storage and disinfection.
  • the control subsystem is coupled to the power subsystem for automatically controlling the start and end of the cutting action.
  • the power subsystem is used to control the rotation and movement of the cutting blade 8.
  • the cutting subsystem is integrated with the storage subsystem to form a cutting storage box 1.
  • the power subsystem is integrated into the power base 2, and the cutting storage box 1 is detachably mounted on the power base 2, so the cutting storage box 1 can be discarded and enter the damaged waste.
  • the process is processed and the power base 2 can be reused.
  • the cutting storage case 1 is divided into a cutting chamber 3, a sterilization chamber 4, and a storage chamber 5.
  • the control subsystem includes a first insertion tray 6, a second insertion tray 10, and wires that are separated from each other up and down, and the wires are connected to the switch contacts of the power subsystem.
  • the cutting cavity 3 is located at the top of the cutting storage case 1 and is a rectangular parallelepiped space.
  • the top surface of the cutting cavity 3 is provided with a first through hole 15 for accommodating the first insertion disk 6, the first insertion disk. 6 is a slightly funnel-shaped metal disc with a first through hole 15 inserted into the bottom.
  • the first metal contact is disposed on the casing of the cutting storage box 1, and the first switch contact is disposed at a corresponding position on the power base 2, and the first metal contact and the first switch contact contact the first insert disk 6 through the wire Connected to the first metal contact on the cutting storage case 1 to be coupled to the first switching contact of the power subsystem.
  • a first insertion hole 17 is provided in the center of the first insertion tray 6 for insertion of the needle, and the first insertion hole 17 may be a circular hole or a square hole.
  • the bottom surface of the cutting chamber 3 is slotted to accommodate the power shaft 7 at the bottom of the cutting piece 8 and is movable within the groove, and the power shaft 7 is passed downwardly into the power base 2.
  • the cutting piece 8 is vertically fixed to the top of the power shaft 7, and the cutting piece 8 is in the form of a disk, generally a grinding wheel or a saw blade.
  • the disinfecting chamber 4 is located at one side of the cutting chamber 3, also at the top of the cutting storage box 1, in a closed space, pre-filled with a disinfecting gel, the side wall of the disinfecting chamber 4 is close to the cutting piece 8, and is cut during the first working
  • the sheet 8 simultaneously cuts the side wall of the sterilization chamber 4, and the cutting sheet 8 can be applied with a part of the disinfecting gel for each work, and the cutting sheet 8 is disinfected and humidified.
  • the storage chamber 5 is located at the bottom of the cutting storage case 1 and is a closed space.
  • the storage chamber 5 is pre-filled with a disinfectant.
  • the top surface of the storage chamber 5 is provided with a second through hole 16 for accommodating the second insertion tray 10, and the second through hole 16 is vertically disposed corresponding to the first through hole 15.
  • the second insertion tray 10 is a slightly funnel-shaped metal disc, and the bottom portion thereof is inserted into the second through hole 16.
  • a second metal contact is disposed on the casing of the cutting storage box 1, and a second switch contact is disposed at a corresponding position on the power base 2, and the second metal contact and the second switch contact contact the second insert disk 10 through the wire Connected to the second metal contact to connect to the second switch contact of the power subsystem.
  • the second insertion hole 10 is provided at the center of the second insertion tray 10, and the second insertion hole 18 has the same aperture and is vertically opposed to the first insertion hole 17, and is used for the insertion of the metal needle.
  • the power base 2 includes a moving bracket 12, a power motor 9, a shift motor 13, a return spring 14, and a power supply assembly 11, and the power motor 9 is mounted on the moving bracket 12, and the output shaft and cutting of the power motor 9
  • the power shaft 7 of the piece 8 is sleeved to drive the cutting piece 8 to rotate, and the return spring 14 is connected between the side of the moving bracket 12 and the inner wall of the power base 2. After the cutting is completed, the elasticity of the return spring 14 can be used to move the bracket. 12 and the power motor 9 on it are reset.
  • the shift motor 13 is located on one side of the power motor 9 for driving the power motor 9 to be displaced in orientation along with the moving bracket 12 to drive the cutting blade 8 to be displaced in orientation, thereby cutting off the contaminated needle.
  • the power supply assembly 11 includes a rechargeable battery, a charging system and a switch contact. The rechargeable battery and the charging system are located at the bottom of the power base 2, and the rechargeable battery is charged by the charging system, and the rechargeable battery supplies power to the power motor 9 and the shift motor 13.
  • the power base 2 is powered by two different power DC motors, the power motor 9 and the shift motor 12, and the power module 11 supplies power thereto, the first switch contact is connected to the first plug disk 6, the second switch contact and the second switch contact
  • the two insertion trays 10 are connected so that the start and end of the cutting and the rotation and displacement of the cutting sheets 8 can be automatically controlled.
  • the cutting storage box 1 is placed in the vicinity of the operator after being placed in the vicinity of the operator, and is used at the medical operation site.
  • the operator pulls the needle out of the patient, and immediately inserts the needle into the first insertion hole 17 and the second insertion hole 17 of the first insertion disk 6 and the second insertion disk 10 and the second insertion.
  • the metal portion of the needle is in contact with the first insertion disk 6 and the second insertion disk 10, and corresponds to the first switch contact and the second switch contact through the wire and the first metal contact and the second metal contact, respectively.
  • the working circuit is turned on, at this time, the power motor 9 and the shift motor 13 are activated, the cutting piece 8 is rotated and moved, the needle is cut, and after being cut, the cut needle tip falls down into the storage chamber 5, the power is disconnected, and the power motor 9 and the shift motor 13 is stopped, the operator removes the needle tail, and the power motor 9 together with the cutting blade 8 is reset by the return spring 14, ready to work again.
  • the cutting piece 8 simultaneously cuts the side wall of the sterilization chamber 4, and afterwards, a part of the disinfecting gel can be applied to the cutting piece 8 to disinfect and humidify the cutting piece 8.
  • the cutting storage box 1 is removed from the power base 2 and enters the process of the damaged waste.
  • Embodiment 2 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
  • This embodiment is similar to the first embodiment.
  • the only difference is that the structure of the control subsystem is different: as shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5, an ⁇ -type through slot 200 is opened on the top surface of the cutting cavity 3 to form a ping-pong similar to a table tennis bat.
  • the shank of the racquet is an elastic body that moves up and down the shaft, and the central opening 151 of the circular portion of the elastic body is inserted into the needle tip, so that the circular portion of the elastic body forms the first insertion disk 191, which can move downward when pressed, and relax When the rebound is reset.
  • the structure of the second insertion tray is the same as that of the first embodiment, which can guide the inserted needle.
  • a first electrical contact 201 is disposed at a bottom end of the first insertion disk 191, that is, a bottom surface away from the handle, and the first electrical contact 201 is connected to the first metal contact on the cutting storage case 1 by a wire.
  • the first metal contact is connected to the first switch contact of the power subsystem (ie, the power base 2).
  • a transverse protrusion 210 is provided for restricting the downward movement distance of the first insertion disk 191, and is disposed at a position opposite to the switch contact 201 of the first insertion disk 191.
  • the switch contacts are connected.
  • the first electrical contact 201 on the first insertion disk 191 and the second electrical contact 211 on the lateral protrusion 211 form a tact switch.
  • the needle is inserted from the first insertion disk 191 and continues to push down, the needle holder pushes the first insertion disk 191 downward, and the first electrical contact 201 and the second electrical contact 211 contact and turn on the working circuit to start.
  • the needle tail is removed, the first insertion disk 191 rebounds, the two electrical contacts 201, 211 are separated from each other, and the working circuit is disconnected.
  • the material of the first insertion disk 191 may be a non-conductor, such as a plastic, or a conductor.
  • the second insertion tray 10 can also be omitted, that is, the second insertion tray 10 is not provided.
  • the storage chamber 5, the sterilization chamber 4, the power shaft 7, the cutting blade 8, the power motor 9, the power source assembly 11, and the shift motor 12 are the same as in the first embodiment.
  • the first insertion disk 191 in this embodiment is not limited to the ⁇ type shown in FIG. 4, and may be other shapes such as a horseshoe shape, a C shape, a water drop type, etc., as long as it is grooved around, and one end portion and a cutting cavity are provided. 3
  • the top surface is kept connected so that the surrounding grooved portion can be moved up and down to form an elastic body.
  • the whole system device can move freely, and the dangerous objects can be quickly processed at any time.
  • the damaged waste can be harmlessly treated in the shortest time and the shortest distance at the medical operation site, and the traditional treatment process can be reduced.
  • the damaged waste after treatment can be temporarily stored in a harmless manner for a long time, which simplifies the treatment process of the damaged waste, and can also prevent the illegal use of the contaminated appliance.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Apparatus For Disinfection Or Sterilisation (AREA)

Abstract

一种切割式损伤性医疗废物毁形系统，包括切割子系统、贮存子系统、控制子系统及动力子系统；切割子系统内设有切割片（8），切割片（8）在一定空间内高速旋转并定向移动，以切断被污染的金属针头或手术刀片，切割的同时对切割片消毒湿化；贮存子系统内装有消毒液，用于贮存切断的锐性部分并对其消毒；控制子系统连接于动力子系统，用于自动控制切割子系统切割动作的开始及终止；动力子系统用于控制切割片的旋转及移动。该系统可以降低处理过程中对处理者造成再次伤害的风险，降低感染性废物污染环境的风险，处理后只有刀尖、针尖属于损伤性废物，降低了处理成本，且处理后的损伤性废物可较长时间无害化暂存，简化了损伤性废物处理流程。

Description

切割式损伤性医疗废物毁形系统 技术领域
本发明涉及损伤性医疗废物处理技术领域，特别是涉及一种切割式损伤性医疗废物毁形系统。
背景技术
在医疗活动中，注射器、输液器、采血针是最常用的有创器具，一旦使用完毕，带有金属锐性部分的整套装置便成为医疗废物，按医疗废物分类，属于感染性废物及损伤性废物(国家危险废物名录2016年版)，进入医疗废物处置流程。为防止医疗废物污染环境，保障人体健康，政府对医疗废物的处理极为重视，先后发布了《中华人民共和国固体废物污染环境防治法》、《中华人民共和国传染病防治法》和《医疗废物管理条例》、《医疗废物专用包装物、容器标准和警示标识规定》等文件，对医疗废物的处理进行规范。按《医疗废物管理条例》，损伤性废物必须使用防刺利器盒进行收集，应当消毒并作毁形处理，能够焚烧的，应当及时焚烧，不能焚烧的，消毒后集中填埋。
注射器、输液器和采血针等器具，在使用、撤除、回收等过程中，医护人员及废物处理人员易受到刺伤等意外伤害，由于使用后的针尖带有患者的血液及体液，一旦受伤，极易造成疾病的传染，此种职业病在护理临床最为多发，国内外文献均有大量报道。
按目前运行的损伤性废物处理流程，有创器具自使用结束直至最终消毁前，撤除、回收、包装、运输过程均未对损伤性废物进行再次消毒处理，存在着污染环境的风险。
目前糖尿病患者人数众多，有数量庞大的人群在医疗机构外自行注射胰岛素及测定血糖，多数医疗机构只重视培训患者如何正确注射胰岛素及测定血糖，而对如何处理使用后的注射针头及采血针头等损伤性废物，基本上未进行有效的指导，有报道某医疗单位鼓励将使用后的针头用自制的利器盒收集再交回医疗机构处理，但回收率不高。目前家庭使用过的注射针头及采血针头一般自行丢弃，混入公共生活垃圾中，这些使用过的针头未经专业处理安全隐患极大。
近年常有媒体报道，部分医疗单位对医疗废物管理不严，导致已污染的注射器、输液器等流入社会被再次非法使用，甚至引起严重的公共安全事件。
针对污染锐器所致的职业暴露，国内外多采用行为培训的方式以期减低发生率，在防护装备方面目前有针头可回缩的注射器、防刺手套、锐器保护套等投入临床使用，但因成本、 操作习惯等因素，使用率并不高，在美国仅有少数州强制性使用安全器具。
针对损伤性废物的处理环节，许多医疗单位也要求先行毁形处理，以期减少后续处理时的风险。目前最常用的针头毁形方法为将使用过的输液器和注射器集中后用剪刀剪断针尖部分，此法虽简单，但劳动强度大，很难做到规范化操作，且不能避免收集及毁形过程中对操作者产生再次伤害的风险。
有文献报道一种移动式利器盒，将使用过的注射器及输液器针头部分进行分离，此法虽然可使利器体积减少，使用较安全，但其本质上只是将目前使用的利器盒缩小加盖，对针头并未毁形，且对已污染部分无进一步的消毒处理。
有文献报道一款专门用于注射器针头毁形的超声波毁形器(超声波焊接原理在注射针头销毁器中的应用*卢红,邱良,彭光俊武汉理工大学机电工程学院,机械研究与应用20卷第1期2007年2月)，但这款毁形器工作应需要大功率电源，毁形只钝化针尖，对污染针体无再次消毒处理能力，机器与污染针头接触部分(面板、针管插嘴)并未设计自身净化功能，废料抽屉倾倒废渣后还须重复使用，不符合医院感染管理规定，2007年报道至今10年尚未见广泛使用。
以上所知的设备、流程及设计，均不能同时做到减少损伤及消除污染。因此，有必要设计一种更好的医疗废物毁形系统，以解决上述问题。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的问题，本发明提供一种以切割方式去除损伤性废物的锐性部分，消除其致伤风险，以消毒液浸泡封存切割下的受污染的锐性部分，消除其污染环境风险的切割式损伤性医疗废物毁形系统。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种切割式损伤性医疗废物毁形系统，包括切割子系统、贮存子系统、控制子系统及动力子系统；所述切割子系统内设有切割片，所述切割片在一定空间内高速旋转并定向移动，以切断被污染的金属针头 ，切割的同时对所述切割片消毒湿化；所述贮存子系统内装有消毒液，用于贮存切断的锐性部分并对其消毒；所述控制子系统连接于所述动力子系统，用于自动控制所述切割子系统切割动作的开始及终止；所述动力子系统用于控制所述切割片的旋转及移动。
进一步，所述切割子系统与所述贮存子系统整合形成切割贮存盒，所述动力子系统整合为动力底座，所述切割贮存盒设有切割腔、消毒腔及贮存腔，所述切割片装在所述切割腔内。
进一步，所述切割腔位于所述切割贮存盒的顶部，所述切割腔的顶面设有第一通孔，所述贮存腔位于所述切割贮存盒的底部，所述贮存腔的顶面设有第二通孔，所述第二通孔与所述第一通孔竖向对应设置。
进一步，所述控制子系统包括相互分离的第一插入盘和第二插入盘，所述第一插入盘的底部插入所述第一通孔，所述第二插入盘的底部插入所述第二通孔，所述第一插入盘的中央设有第一插入孔，所述第二插入盘的中央设有第二插入孔，所述第二插入孔与所述第一插入孔孔径相同且竖向相对设置，均用于供金属针头插入。
进一步，所述第一插入盘或/和所述第二插入盘为呈漏斗状的金属圆盘，所述第一插入盘或/和所述第二插入盘分别通过导线连接于切割贮存盒体上的的第一金属触点和第二金属触点；所述动力底座上设有与所述第一金属触点和第二金属触点分别对应的第一开关触点和第二开关触点，且所述第一金属触点和所述第一开关触点对应接触，所述第二金属触点和所述第二开关触点对应接触。
另一种实施方式为：所述切割腔位于所述切割贮存盒的顶部，所述切割腔的顶面开一个环形通槽，环形通槽的两端点之间与所述切割腔的顶面保持连接；所述弹性体的中央开孔供针尖插入，使得所述环形通槽的环内部分形成可以连接部分为轴上下移动的弹性的第一插入盘；所述第一插入盘的远离所述连接部分的端部的底面设有第一电触点，第一电触点与设置于所述切割贮存盒上的第一金属触点导线连接，所述切割腔的顶部下方设有一个横行突出体，所述横行突出体上表面与所述第一电触点相对的位置设有第二电触点，所述第二电触点与设置于所述切割贮存盒上的第二金属触点导线连接；所述动力底座上设有与所述第一金属触点和第二金属触点分别对应的第一开关触点和第二开关触点，且所述第一金属触点和所述第一开关触点对应接触，所述第二金属触点和所述第二开关触点对应接触；所述第一电触点与第二电触点形成一个轻触开关。所述环形通槽为Ω型、马蹄形、U型或C型。所述第一插入盘为塑胶材质。
进一步，所述切割腔的底面开槽设置，用于供所述切割片底部的动力轴穿过并进入所述动力子系统内。
进一步，所述消毒腔位于所述切割腔的一侧，其侧壁靠近所述切割片，所述消毒腔内装有消毒凝胶，为所述切割片消毒。
进一步，所述动力底座包括移动支架、动力电机、移位电机、复位弹簧及电源组件，所述动力电机安装于所述移动支架上，所述动力电机的输出轴与所述切割片的动力轴相套接，以驱动所述切割片旋转，所述复位弹簧连接于所述移动支架的一侧，所述移位电机位于所述 动力电机的一侧，用于驱动所述动力电机连同所述移动支架定向移位，以带动所述切割片定向移位。
进一步，所述电源组件包括充电电池、充电系统及开关触点，所述充电电池与所述充电系统位于所述动力底座的底部，通过所述充电系统为所述充电电池充电。
所述动力底座与电源组件封装于塑料盒体内，所述动力电机、移位电机、充电电池及充电系统由导线连接，在盒体外侧与切割贮存盒的对应位置设开关触点。进一步，所述切割贮存盒可拆卸安装于所述动力底座上。安装后两个盒体上的触点相接，组成开关电路。金属针尖插入时电路接通，整个系统工作，切割完成，电路断开，系统停止工作。
本发明的有益效果：
采用切割子系统切断被污染的金属针头，切断后的锐性部分进入贮存子系统贮存并消毒，本发明可以在医护操作现场以最短的时间和最短的距离对损伤性废物进行无害化处理，降低传统处理过程中对处理者再次伤害的风险，降低感染性废物污染环境风险，在非医疗环境中使用更具价值，处理后只有刀尖、针尖属于损伤性废物，使传统意义上的损伤性废物体积减少98％以上，极大地降低了处理成本，且处理后的损伤性废物可较长时间无害化暂存，简化了损伤性废物处理流程，也能够杜绝污染器具被非法重复使用。
附图说明
图1为本发明切割式损伤性医疗废物毁形系统的侧视图；
图2为本发明切割式损伤性医疗废物毁形系统的前视图；
图3为本发明切割式损伤性医疗废物毁形系统中控制子系统的结构示意图；
图4为实施例二的控制子系统的结构示意图；
图5为实施例二的切割式损伤性医疗废物毁形系统的侧视图。
图中，1—切割贮存盒、2—动力底座、3—切割腔、4—消毒腔、5—贮存腔、6—第一插入盘、7—动力轴、8—切割片、9—动力电机、10—第二插入盘、11—电源组件、12—移动支架、13—移位电机、14—复位弹簧、15—第一通孔、16—第二通孔、17—第一插入孔、18—第二插入孔。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发 明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
需要说明，本发明实施例中所有方向性指示(诸如上、下、左、右、前、后……)仅用于解释在某一特定姿态(如附图所示)下各部件之间的相对位置关系、运动情况等，如果该特定姿态发生改变时，则该方向性指示也相应地随之改变。
实施例一：
如图1，本发明提供一种切割式损伤性医疗废物毁形系统，包括切割子系统、贮存子系统、控制子系统及动力子系统。
切割子系统内设有切割片8，切割片8在一定空间内高速旋转并定向移动，以切断被污染的金属针头，切割的同时对所述切割片8消毒湿化。贮存子系统内部预装消毒液，被切断的锐性部分进入贮存子系统贮存并消毒。控制子系统连接于动力子系统，用于自动控制切割动作的开始及终止。动力子系统用于控制切割片8的旋转及移动。
切割子系统与贮存子系统整合形成切割贮存盒1，动力子系统整合为动力底座2，切割贮存盒1可拆卸的安装于动力底座2上，因此切割贮存盒1可弃用并进入损伤性废物处理流程，而动力底座2可以重复使用。切割贮存盒1分为切割腔3、消毒腔4及贮存腔5。控制子系统包括上下相互分离的第一插入盘6、第二插入盘10及导线，导线连接于动力子系统的开关触点。
如图1及图3，切割腔3位于切割贮存盒1的顶部，为一长方体空间，切割腔3的顶面设有第一通孔15，用于容纳第一插入盘6，第一插入盘6为略呈漏斗状的金属圆盘，其底部插入第一通孔15。切割贮存盒1的盒体上设有第一金属触点，动力底座2上对应的位置设有第一开关触点，第一金属触点和第一开关触点接触第一插入盘6通过导线连接于切割贮存盒1上的第一金属触点，从而与动力子系统的第一开关触点连接。第一插入盘6的中央设有第一插入孔17，供针头插入，第一插入孔17可以是圆孔或方孔。切割腔3的底面开槽设置，容纳切割片8底部的动力轴7并可使其在槽内移动，动力轴7向下穿出进入动力底座2内。切割片8垂直固定于动力轴7的顶部，切割片8为圆片状，一般为砂轮片或锯片。
消毒腔4位于切割腔3的一侧，也位于切割贮存盒1的顶部，为一密闭空间，内预装消毒凝胶，消毒腔4的侧壁靠近切割片8，在第一次工作时切割片8同时将消毒腔4侧壁切开，以后每次工作时切割片8均可涂抹部分消毒凝胶，对切割片8起到消毒及湿化作用。
如图1及图3，贮存腔5位于切割贮存盒1的底部，为一密闭空间，贮存腔5内预装消毒液。贮存腔5的顶面设有第二通孔16，用于容纳第二插入盘10，第二通孔16与第一通孔 15竖向对应设置。第二插入盘10为略呈漏斗状的金属圆盘，其底部插入第二通孔16。切割贮存盒1的盒体上设有第二金属触点，动力底座2上对应的位置设有第二开关触点，第二金属触点和第二开关触点接触第二插入盘10通过导线连接于第二金属触点，从而与动力子系统的第二开关触点连接。第二插入盘10的中央设有第二插入孔18，第二插入孔18与第一插入孔17孔径相同且竖向相对设置，均用于供金属针头插入。
如图1及图2，动力底座2包括移动支架12、动力电机9、移位电机13、复位弹簧14及电源组件11，动力电机9安装于移动支架12上，动力电机9的输出轴与切割片8的动力轴7相套接，以驱动切割片8旋转，复位弹簧14连接于移动支架12的一侧与动力底座2的内壁之间，切割结束后利用复位弹簧14的弹性可使移动支架12及其上的动力电机9复位。移位电机13位于动力电机9的一侧，用于驱动动力电机9连同移动支架12定向移位，以带动切割片8定向移位，从而切断被污染的针头。电源组件11包括充电电池、充电系统及开关触点，充电电池与充电系统位于动力底座2的底部，通过充电系统为充电电池充电，充电电池则为动力电机9和移位电机13供电。动力底座2通过动力电机9和移位电机12两台不同功率的直流电机提供动力，电源组件11则为其供电，第一开关触点与第一插入盘6连接，第二开关触点和第二插入盘10相连，因此可以自动控制切割的开始和终止以及切割片8的旋转和移位。
使用时，将切割贮存盒1与动力底座2套合后置于操作者附近，在医护操作现场使用。当手术、注射、采血、输液等工作完成时，操作者从患者体内将针头拔出，立即将针头插进第一插入盘6和第二插入盘10相应的第一插入孔17和第二插入孔18中，针头的金属部分与第一插入盘6和第二插入盘10接触，分别通过导线及第一金属触点和第二金属触点与第一开关触点和第二开关触点对应连通，接通工作电路，此时动力电机9和移位电机13启动，切割片8旋转并移动，切割针头，切断后，被切断的针尖向下掉入贮存腔5，电源断开，动力电机9和移位电机13停转，操作者移除针尾，动力电机9连同切割片8在复位弹簧14的作用下复位，预备再次工作。第一次工作时切割片8同时将消毒腔4侧壁切开，以后每次工作时均可在切割片8上涂抹部分消毒凝胶，对切割片8起到消毒及湿化作用。贮存腔5内针尖贮存到规定数量后，从动力底座2上取下切割贮存盒1，进入损伤性废物流程处理。
实施例二：
本实施例与实施例一类似，区别仅在于：控制子系统的结构不同：如图4及图5所示，切割腔3顶面开一个Ω型穿通槽200，形成一个类似乒乓球拍的可以乒乓球拍的柄部为轴上下移动的弹性体，弹性体的圆形部分中央开孔151供针尖插入，使得弹性体的圆形部分形成第一插入盘191，其受压时可向下方移动，放松时回弹复位。第二插入盘的结构和实施例一 相同，其可以对插入的针头起导向作用。第一插入盘191的头端部即远离所述柄部的位置的底面设有第一电触点201，第一电触点201通过导线与切割贮存盒1上的第一金属触点相连，通过第一金属触点和动力子系统(即动力底座2)的第一开关触点相连。切割腔3的头端部下方设有一个横行突出体210，用于限制第一插入盘191向下移动的距离，在横行突出体210与第一插入盘191的开关触点201相对的位置设有第二电触点211，第二电触点211通过导线与切割贮存盒1上的第二金属触点相连，再通过第二金属触点和动力子系统(即动力底座2)的第二开关触点相连。第一插入盘191上的第一电触点201与横行突出体211上的第二电触点211形成一个轻触开关。
工作时，将针头从第一插入盘191插入并继续下推，针座将第一插入盘191向下方推动，第一电触点201和第二电触点211接触并接通工作电路，开始切割针头，切割完成后，移开针尾，第一插入盘191回弹，两个电触点201、211相互分离，工作电路断开。
所述第一插入盘191的材质可以为非导体，例如塑胶，也可以为导体。而且，第二插入盘10也可以省略不用，即不设第二插入盘10。
图4中，贮存腔5、消毒腔4、动力轴7、切割片8、动力电机9、电源组件11及移位电机12与实施例一相同。
本实施例中的第一插入盘191不限于图4中所示的Ω型，还可以是其他形状，例如：马蹄形、C型、水滴型等，只要其周围开槽，而一端部和切割腔3顶面保持连接，使得周围开槽的部分可以上下移动形成弹性体即可。
本发明相对于现有技术具有以下有益效果：
(1)根据本系统工作原理，可设计生产出针对不同处理对象的可丢弃式组合工具；
(2)利用被处理对象的结构特点，只处理其高危部分即受污染的锐性部分；
(3)以切割方式去除处理对象的锐性部分，消除其致伤风险；
(4)以消毒液浸泡消毒切割后的受污染的锐性部分，降低感染风险；
(5)毁形及消毒过程均在密闭空间内实施，切割器具同时消毒湿化，无再次污染及致伤风险；
(6)利用处理对象的导电特性，实现处理过程自动化，操作简单无须特别培训；
(7)由干电池提供动力，整个系统装置可自由移动，随时就地快速处理危险对象，可以在医护操作现场以最短的时间和最短的距离对损伤性废物进行无害化处理，降低传统处理过程中对处理者再次伤害的风险；
(8)毁形工具为可丢弃式并最终销毁；
(9)损伤性废物进入本系统直至最终销毁，整个过程均处于密封消毒状态，避免污染环境及对处理者的伤害，在非医疗环境中使用也具价值；
(10)处理后只有刀尖、针尖属于损伤性废物，使传统意义上的损伤性废物体积减少98％以上，极大地降低了处理成本；
(11)处理后的损伤性废物可较长时间无害化暂存，简化了损伤性废物处理流程，也能够杜绝污染器具被非法重复使用。
以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制，尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明，本领域技术人员应当理解，可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换，而不脱离本技术方案的宗旨和范围，其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围内。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种切割式损伤性医疗废物毁形系统，其特征在于，包括：切割子系统、贮存子系统、控制子系统及动力子系统；
    所述切割子系统内设有切割片，所述切割片在一定空间内高速旋转并定向移动，以切断被污染的金属针头，切割的同时对所述切割片消毒湿化；
    所述贮存子系统内装有消毒液，用于贮存切断的锐性部分并对其消毒；
    所述控制子系统连接于所述动力子系统，用于自动控制所述切割子系统切割动作的开始及终止；
    所述动力子系统用于控制所述切割片的旋转及移动。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的切割式损伤性医疗废物毁形系统，其特征在于：所述切割子系统与所述贮存子系统整合形成切割贮存盒，所述动力子系统整合为动力底座，所述切割贮存盒设有切割腔、消毒腔及贮存腔，所述切割片装在所述切割腔内。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的切割式损伤性医疗废物毁形系统，其特征在于：所述切割腔的底面开槽设置，用于供所述切割片底部的动力轴穿过并进入所述动力子系统内。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的切割式损伤性医疗废物毁形系统，其特征在于：所述消毒腔位于所述切割腔的一侧，其侧壁靠近所述切割片，所述消毒腔内装有消毒凝胶，为所述切割片消毒。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的切割式损伤性医疗废物毁形系统，其特征在于：所述动力底座包括移动支架、动力电机、移位电机、复位弹簧及电源组件，所述动力电机安装于所述移动支架上，所述动力电机的输出轴与所述切割片的动力轴相套接，以驱动所述切割片旋转，所述复位弹簧连接于所述移动支架的一侧，所述移位电机位于所述动力电机的一侧，用于驱动所述动力电机连同所述移动支架定向移位，以带动所述切割片定向移位。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的切割式损伤性医疗废物毁形系统，其特征在于：所述电源组件包括充电电池、充电系统及开关触点，所述充电电池与所述充电系统位于所述动力底座的底部，通过所述充电系统为所述充电电池充电。
  7. 根据权利要求2所述的切割式损伤性医疗废物毁形系统，其特征在于：所述切割贮存盒可拆卸的安装于所述动力底座上。
  8. 根据权利要求2至7任一所述的切割式损伤性医疗废物毁形系统，其特征在于：所述切割腔位于所述切割贮存盒的顶部，所述切割腔的顶面设有第一通孔，所述贮存腔位于所述切割贮存盒的底部，所述贮存腔的顶面设有第二通孔，所述第二通孔与所述第一通孔竖向对应设置。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的切割式损伤性医疗废物毁形系统，其特征在于：所述控制子系 统包括相互分离的第一插入盘和第二插入盘，所述第一插入盘的底部插入所述第一通孔，所述第二插入盘的底部插入所述第二通孔，所述第一插入盘的中央设有第一插入孔，所述第二插入盘的中央设有第二插入孔，所述第二插入孔与所述第一插入孔孔径相同且竖向相对设置，均用于供金属针头插入。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的切割式损伤性医疗废物毁形系统，其特征在于：所述第一插入盘或/和所述第二插入盘为呈漏斗状的金属圆盘，所述第一插入盘或/和所述第二插入盘分别通过导线连接于设置于所述切割贮存盒体上的第一金属触点和第二金属触点；所述动力底座上设有与所述第一金属触点和第二金属触点分别对应的第一开关触点和第二开关触点，且所述第一金属触点和所述第一开关触点对应接触，所述第二金属触点和所述第二开关触点对应接触。
  11. 根据权利要求2至7任一所述的切割式损伤性医疗废物毁形系统，其特征在于：所述切割腔位于所述切割贮存盒的顶部，所述切割腔的顶面开一个环形通槽，环形通槽的两端点之间与所述切割腔的顶面保持连接；所述弹性体的中央开孔供针尖插入，使得所述环形通槽的环内部分形成可以连接部分为轴上下移动的弹性的第一插入盘；所述第一插入盘的远离所述连接部分的端部的底面设有第一电触点，第一电触点与设置于所述切割贮存盒上的第一金属触点导线连接，所述切割腔的顶部下方设有一个横行突出体，所述横行突出体上表面与所述第一电触点相对的位置设有第二电触点，所述第二电触点与设置于所述切割贮存盒上的第二金属触点导线连接；所述动力底座上设有与所述第一金属触点和第二金属触点分别对应的第一开关触点和第二开关触点，且所述第一金属触点和所述第一开关触点对应接触，所述第二金属触点和所述第二开关触点对应接触；所述第一电触点与第二电触点形成一个轻触开关。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的切割式损伤性医疗废物毁形系统，其特征在于：所述环形通槽为Ω型、马蹄形、U型或C型。
  13. 根据权利要求11所述的切割式损伤性医疗废物毁形系统，其特征在于：所述第一插入盘为塑胶材质。
PCT/CN2019/078824 2018-03-20 2019-03-20 切割式损伤性医疗废物毁形系统 WO2019179454A1 (zh)

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