WO2019178932A1 - 一种m型释能锚杆 - Google Patents

一种m型释能锚杆 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019178932A1
WO2019178932A1 PCT/CN2018/087697 CN2018087697W WO2019178932A1 WO 2019178932 A1 WO2019178932 A1 WO 2019178932A1 CN 2018087697 W CN2018087697 W CN 2018087697W WO 2019178932 A1 WO2019178932 A1 WO 2019178932A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
rod body
anchor
anchor bolt
pallet
section
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PCT/CN2018/087697
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
赵兴东
杨晓明
牛佳安
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东北大学
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Application filed by 东北大学 filed Critical 东北大学
Priority to US16/321,765 priority Critical patent/US10605078B2/en
Publication of WO2019178932A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019178932A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
    • E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
    • E21D21/008—Anchoring or tensioning means
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
    • E21D20/02—Setting anchoring-bolts with provisions for grouting
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
    • E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts
    • E21D21/0046—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts formed by a plurality of elements arranged longitudinally

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of mine power support, in particular to an M-type energy release anchor.
  • the bolt is the most commonly used supporting material in engineering support, underground engineering, railway engineering, highway engineering, hydraulic engineering and tunnel engineering. It has many types, large application range and wide range, which can effectively control the stability of rock mass engineering. .
  • the joint application of the anchor rod with the metal mesh and the shotcrete can effectively control the deformation and damage of the surrounding rock of the roadway (drainage chamber, tunnel, etc.).
  • the ground stress increases. Under the action of high stress and dynamic impact, the surrounding rock of the roadway generates rockburst (rockburst) or brittle-ductile transition.
  • the characteristic scientific phenomena of the surrounding rock engineering response of deep roadway can be summarized into two categories according to their causes: static and dynamic.
  • the static characteristic phenomenon is characterized by the rock brittle failure of the controlled rock mass or the non-dynamic projectile phenomenon in the surrounding rock structure of the deep roadway;
  • the dynamic characteristic phenomenon is the rock burst phenomenon such as the eruption and caving of the rock in the deep mine.
  • Rockburst is a phenomenon in which the elastic deformation potential energy accumulated in the rock mass is suddenly and violently released under certain conditions, causing the rock to burst and eject.
  • the dynamic response characteristics of surrounding rock surface induced by rock burst are mainly characterized by sheet gang, rock ejection, popping and spalling, rock mass throwing damage, etc.
  • the most significant dynamic damage feature is the high speed of rock mass from the surrounding rock surface of roadway (mining yard). Pop-up, the rock body with a thickness of 1m can be thrown into the roadway at a speed of 5 ⁇ 10m/s. The throwing distance can reach 10 ⁇ 20m, the ejection energy can be 5 ⁇ 20KJ/m2, and the maximum ejection energy can reach 50KJ/m2.
  • the rockburst grades are different, and the induced rock mass dynamic response is also different.
  • the rock with slight rockburst is flaky, and the strong rockburst can throw the boulder violently, and even a rockburst can throw out tons of rocks. Blocks and rock fragments are a serious threat to the safety of downhole workers and equipment.
  • cone anchor Cone anchor
  • the cone bolt is forged into a flat conical body at one end of the round steel, and a thin layer of lubricating material is sprayed on the surface of the round steel, so that the anchor rod is easy to separate under the dynamic load.
  • Such anchors are typically anchored for full length using cement slurries or resins.
  • the anchor rod provides a large displacement sliding displacement under the action of the power impact, and absorbs the kinetic energy generated by the rock burst.
  • the anchor design was anchored with cement slurry and then adjusted to anchor with resin.
  • the new Cone anchor has a resin stirring function at its end, and is widely used in deep well roadways in western Canada, South Africa and other countries to easily induce rockburst disasters.
  • Durabar Anchor It is a kind of bolt that is improved on the basis of the cone bolt. Several pleats are designed in the smooth rod body, and a smooth ring is designed at the tail of the bolt. When the pull force test is performed, the pallet is subjected to a load anchor sliding along the wave surface. The maximum sliding displacement is equivalent to the length of the anchor tail (about 0.6m), which belongs to the two-point anchoring bolt, but the bolt is not tested for dynamics.
  • Swellex anchor It is a typical expansion anchor that anchors the rock mass mainly through the friction between the anchor rod body and the anchor hole tube wall.
  • the newly developed Mn24 model Swellex has good energy absorption capacity and its energy absorption range is 18 ⁇ 29kJ.
  • Garford rigid anchor mainly composed of round steel, anchor head and coarse threaded steel sleeve, with resin anchoring.
  • the coarse threaded steel sleeve is mainly used to stir the resin.
  • the engineered anchor head of the anchor can generate a large amount of displacement.
  • the anchoring head is made of thick-walled round steel and pressed into the steel sleeve 350mm.
  • the round steel is compressed to the original size and inserted into the coarse threaded steel sleeve. When the compressed rock expands between the anchor end and the pallet, the round steel is pulled out from the anchor end. When pulled out, its anchoring force remains the same, and the anchor can produce a displacement of 390 mm.
  • Roofex Bolt A dynamic ductile anchor consisting of an anchoring end and round steel anchored with resin. The round steel slides from the anchor end. A constant support resistance of 80 kN is produced. The anchoring force of the anchor is lower than the tensile strength of the round steel.
  • the Roofex bolt has a dynamic load of approximately 60kN and a power test energy of 12kJ to 27kJ.
  • D Bolt It consists of a certain number of anchor points with a certain interval. After the bolt is installed, the anchor point is fixed in the hole of the bolt because it is wider than the round steel. The anchor is anchored to the anchor with resin or cement slurry. In the hole of the rod. The bond between the round steel and the anchor between the two anchor points is weak. When the rock mass between the two anchor points expands, the strength and deformation capacity of the round steel between the two anchor points plays a major role, resulting in a tensile length of 200 mm. When the load is 200kN, the tensile displacement of the anchor is 100-120mm, and the energy subjected to the impact load is 36-39kJ.
  • the M-type energy release anchor anchored in the rock body has a dynamic release energy and pressure capacity while maintaining a high pulling force. Therefore, a new type of M-type energy release anchor has been developed to meet the above requirements.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an M-type energy release anchor, which is mainly applied to a high-stress, high rockburst tendency region, rockburst (rockburst) and a high-stressed rock mass generating a brittle-ductile deformation. Tunneling road surrounding rock support.
  • the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
  • the invention provides an M-type energy release anchor, comprising: an anchoring rod body, the anchoring rod body is provided with a stirring head at one end end thereof, and the other end end is provided with a screw fastening section, and the thread fastening section is rotated upward Attached with a nut, the anchoring rod body is further provided with a pallet near one end of the screw fastening section, the pallet side abuts against the nut, and the pallet is fastened by the nut, the anchoring
  • the rod body is composed of a first rod body portion and a second rod body portion, the second rod body portion is disposed between the two first rod body portions, the second rod body portion is an elliptical rod-like structure, and the outer wall is disposed in the axial direction An arcuate groove recessed inwardly, the intersection of two adjacent arcuate grooves is convexly formed to form a reinforcing rib, the cross section of the second rod body is polygonal, and each vertex of the polygon is rounded.
  • the second rod body has a quadrangular cross section and is composed of two M-shaped pairs of buckles.
  • the anchoring rod body is an integrally formed structure.
  • the tray has a circular or rectangular cross section, and a bowl-shaped through hole is formed in the center of the tray, and the tray is set on the anchoring rod body through the bowl-shaped through hole, and the bowl is shaped An end of the hole adjacent to the nut extends toward the outside of the pallet to form a bowl portion.
  • a damping spacer is further disposed between the nut and the pallet, and has a thickness of 1 to 3 mm.
  • the agitating head extends axially away from an end end of the anchoring rod body to form a boss, and the area of the cross section of the boss is smaller than the area of the cross section of the anchoring rod body.
  • the outer wall of the boss is recessed toward the inner portion of the boss to form a curved surface.
  • the boss has a rectangular or triangular cross section.
  • the invention has the beneficial effects of the M-type energy release anchor: the anchor structure of the invention is based on the rock dynamics, the energy dissipation principle, the bolt support function, etc., and the anchor rod is used during the installation process.
  • the stirring head is stirred and placed in the resin hole of the anchor hole or the cement medicine roll, and the anchoring material (resin, cement, etc.) is evenly distributed around the anchor rod, and the anchor rod and the surrounding rock are firmly anchored together, and the anchor rod anchoring section is installed.
  • the energy capacity has the multi-point anchoring effect of the D anchor, and the sliding between the two anchors causes the anchor to move together with the surrounding rock to consume the kinetic energy accumulated in the surrounding rock and maintain the high anchoring.
  • the anchor rod and the common type of resin (cement) anchor rods have the same mechanism, but the static pull-out force is higher than the ordinary bolt; in high stress, Rock burst Press-blow) and brittle - ductile deformation is large, the resin swipe anchor, the cement anchoring agent, the release of the kinetic energy accumulated in the surface of the surrounding rock, rock stability maintaining roadway.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an M-type energy release anchor according to the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is an enlarged schematic view of I in Figure 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a second rod body
  • Figure 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of A-A of Figure 3;
  • Figure 5 is a schematic structural view of the pallet
  • Figure 6 is a rear elevational view of Figure 5;
  • Figure 7 is a schematic structural view of a nut with a spacer
  • Figure 8 is a rear elevational view of Figure 7;
  • Figure 9 is a left side view of Figure 2;
  • first, second, and the like in the present invention are used for the purpose of description only, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated.
  • features defining “first” or “second” may include at least one of the features, either explicitly or implicitly.
  • the technical solutions between the various embodiments may be combined with each other, but must be based on the realization of those skilled in the art, and when the combination of the technical solutions is contradictory or impossible to implement, it should be considered that the combination of the technical solutions does not exist. It is also within the scope of protection required by the present invention.
  • the length of the rod body may be increased or decreased, and the anchor rod body 1 is provided with a stirring head 2 at one end end thereof, and a screw fastening portion 3 is disposed at the other end end thereof, and the thread fastening section 3 is screwed with a nut 4,
  • the length of the nut 4 is 30 mm, and the material is low carbon steel.
  • the anchor rod body 1 is also provided with a pallet 6 near one end of the screw fastening section 3, and the side of the pallet 6 abuts against the nut 4, through the The nut 4 limits the pallet 6,
  • the anchoring rod body 1 is composed of a first rod body portion 11 and a second rod body portion 12, and the anchor rod body 1 is stamped by the first rod body portion 11 and the second portion
  • the rod body portion 12 is integrally formed, the second rod body portion 12 is disposed between the two first rod body portions 11, and the second rod body portion 12 is an elliptical rod-like structure, and the left and right sides thereof are asymmetric structures, two of The distance from the highest point of the curved surface of the elliptical rod-shaped structure is different, and the outer wall is provided with a plurality of inwards in the axial direction.
  • a concave curved groove the intersection of two adjacent arcuate grooves is convexly formed to form a reinforcing rib, so that the second rod body portion 12 has a polygonal cross section, and each apex angle of the polygon is rounded, Each of the sides is recessed inwardly to form an arcuate surface, and a damping spacer 5 is disposed between the nut 4 and the pallet 6 and has a thickness of 0.5 to 1 mm.
  • the second shank portion 12 has a quadrangular cross section and is composed of two M-shaped pairs of buckles. Each apex angle of the quadrilateral is rounded, and each side of the ridge is rounded. The inner recess forms an arcuate surface, and the arc of the curved surface is uniform.
  • the cross section of the second rod portion 12 may be any polygonal structure.
  • the pallet 6 has a circular or rectangular cross section, and has a diameter of 150 mm or an outer dimension of 150 mm to 150 mm and a thickness of 5 to 10 mm.
  • the center of the pallet 6 is provided with a bowl-shaped through hole 7 .
  • the tray 6 is placed on the anchoring rod body 1 through the bowl-shaped through hole 7, and the bowl-shaped through hole 7 extends toward the outside of the pallet 6 near one end of the nut 4 to form a bowl portion 8.
  • the diameter of the bowl-shaped through hole 7 depends on the diameter of the anchor; if the surrounding rock stress is large, the diameter of the pallet 6 can be changed to 200 mm or the outer dimension is 200 mm ⁇ 200 mm, and the thickness becomes 10 mm; the pallet 6
  • the material is made of low carbon steel and stamped.
  • the agitating head 2 is made of round steel, has a length of 50 mm to 100 mm, a thickness of 5 mm to 15 mm, and the stirring head 2 extends axially away from one end of the anchoring rod body 1 to form a boss.
  • the area of the cross section of the boss 9 is smaller than the area of the cross section of the anchor rod 1.
  • the outer wall of the boss 9 is recessed toward the inside of the boss 9 to form an arc surface, and the horizontal of the boss 9
  • the cross section is a rectangle or a triangle. When the cross section of the boss 9 is a rectangle, the arcs of the two opposite curved faces are identical, and the arcs of the adjacent two curved faces are different, so that the boss 9 is Flat structure.
  • the invention provides an M-type energy release anchor, wherein the full name of M is called mace, and refers to a "magm bar” type anchor, wherein the second body 12 is shaped like a double M relative to the buckle.
  • the size and design position of the agitating head 2 disposed at the end of the anchoring rod body 1 and the plurality of second rod body portions 12 disposed at the center thereof are designed and adjusted according to the dynamic response characteristics of the rock mass, and the anchoring length is a full-length anchoring.
  • the anchoring range is between 1.5 and 3 m
  • the anchoring material is resin or cement
  • the length of the second rod body 12 can be determined according to the actual ground pressure on the site, and is adjusted according to the anchoring force and the rock body dynamic response requirement, the second rod body
  • the portion 12 can be anchored at multiple points, and can be deformed and released by stretching or shearing between the two anchors, and at the same time, the kinetic energy is released by the overall sliding of the rod under the action of the power impact.
  • the stirring head 2 uniformly disperses the resin or cement around the anchor rod in the borehole, so that the anchor rod body 1 passes through the uniform resin and is anchored together with the surrounding rock, and the anchor rod body 1 is mounted with the supporting plate 6 and the damping pad at the end of the rod body 1 .
  • Sheet 5 and nut 4 which in turn makes the anchor rod fixed on the surrounding rock surface; under the action of static ground pressure, the release bolt has the same mechanism as the ordinary type of bolt; when high stress causes large deformation or rockburst causes dynamic damage
  • the damper module acts to cause the damper module to quickly slip from the resin anchoring agent, releasing the energy that collects in the surrounding rock.
  • the anchor Under the action of high stress, rockburst (impact pressure) and brittle-ductile deformation, the anchor will stay in the resin and play a static anchoring role. That is, the anchor rod can be consistent with the deformation of the surrounding rock of the roadway, thereby releasing the strain performance of the surrounding rock and maintaining the stability of the roadway.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)

Abstract

一种M型释能锚杆，包括：锚固杆体（1），锚固杆体（1）两端分别设置有搅拌头（2）和螺纹紧固段（3），螺纹紧固段（3）上旋接有螺母（4），锚固杆体（1）靠近螺纹紧固段（3）的一端还套装有托板（6），托板（6）一侧顶抵于螺母（4），锚固杆体（1）由第一杆体部（11）和第二杆体部（12）组成，第二杆体部（12）设置于两个第一杆体部（11）之间，第二杆体部（12）为椭圆形棒状结构，其外壁沿轴向设置多个向内凹陷的弧形凹槽，相邻两个弧形凹槽相交处外凸形成加强筋。在静态地压条件下，锚杆与普通类型锚杆作用机理相同，但其静止拉拔力高于普通锚杆；在高应力、岩爆以及脆-延性大变形作用下，锚杆从树脂、水泥锚固剂中快速滑动，释放聚集在围岩表面的动能，保持巷道围岩稳定。

Description

一种M型释能锚杆 技术领域：
本发明涉及矿山动力支护技术领域，具体涉及一种M型释能锚杆。
背景技术：
锚杆是矿山工程、地下工程、铁路工程、公路工程、水利工程以及隧道工程等工程支护中最常用的支护材料，其种类多，应用数量大、范围广，能有效控制岩体工程稳定。将锚杆与金属网、喷射混凝土等联合应用，可有效控制巷道(硐室、隧道等)围岩变形破坏。随着金属矿山开采深度增加，地应力增大，在高应力、动力冲击作用下，巷道围岩产生岩爆(冲击地压)或脆-延性转化等地压灾害。在高应力、大变形和剧烈动力扰动条件下，采用普通的摩擦型、机械型等常规锚杆支护巷(隧)道，已经不能有效控制巷道围岩的稳定，严重破坏将造成设备损坏、人员伤亡、矿产资源损失等。因此，研发适用于高应力、岩爆(冲击地压)或脆-延性转化岩体大变形的释能锚杆已经成为未来发展必然趋势。
深井巷道围岩工程响应的特征科学现象依其发生原因可以归纳为两类：静力的和动力的。静力特征现象表现为在深部巷道围岩结构面控制型破坏或无动力弹射现象的岩石脆性破坏；动力特征现象表现为深部矿井中的岩块弹射、冒落等岩爆现象。岩爆是一种岩体中聚积的弹性变形势能在一定条件下的突然猛烈释放，导致岩石爆裂并弹射出来的现象。岩爆诱发巷道围岩表面动力响应特征主要表现为片帮、岩块弹射、爆裂剥落、岩体抛掷性破坏等；其最显著的动力破坏特征是岩块从巷道(采场)围岩表面高速弹出，其表面1m厚的岩体能以5～10m/s的速度向巷道内抛出，其抛掷距离可达10～20m之远，其弹射能在5～20KJ/m2，最大弹射能可达到50KJ/m2。岩爆等级不同，其诱发的岩体动力响应也不同，轻微岩爆的岩石呈片状剥落，而强烈岩爆可将巨石猛烈抛出，甚至一次岩爆就能抛出数以吨计的岩块和岩片，严重威胁着井下作业人员和设备的安全。
在高应力、具有岩爆倾向以及大变形环境下，动力特征成为支护系统选择及设计的关键参数。实际上，在选择支护系统时，需要考虑钻孔直径、应力环境、腐蚀、胶结材料(水泥或者树脂)等影响，并且要清楚这些影响因素对不同应力环境的影响。作为新型的动力(让压)支护锚杆(诸如：新型锥体锚杆、让压锚索、让压锚杆等)其应用范围受限，需要根据具体条件不断改进，以满足各种不同工况需求(设备要求、承载能力、刚度特性等)。
早在20世纪90年代，南非首先提出能量吸收支护体系，发明了世界上第一种能量吸收锚杆，即锥体锚杆(Cone锚杆)。锥体锚杆主要在圆钢一端锻造成扁平的圆锥形体，在圆钢表面喷涂一薄层润滑材料，致使锚杆在动荷载作用下易于分离。该种锚杆通常采用水泥浆或者树脂进行全长锚固。当锚固在锚杆托盘与圆锥体之间的岩石在动力作用下发生胀裂时，将 使锚杆杆体承受拉力及动力冲击作用。当拉拔力超过预设值时，锚固端的圆锥体将从锚固体中产生滑移。因此，该锚杆在动力冲击作用下通过提供大位移滑动位移，并吸收岩爆产生的动能。最初，该锚杆设计是采用水泥浆锚固，之后调整为采用树脂进行锚固。新型锥体(Cone)锚杆在其端头增加树脂搅拌功能，被广泛应用于加拿大、南非等国家深部易于诱发岩爆灾害深井巷道进行支护。
在国际上主要有如下释能支护锚杆：
Durabar锚杆：是在锥体锚杆基础上改进的一种锚杆，在光滑杆体设计几个褶皱，在锚杆的尾部设计成一个光滑的圆环。当进行拉拔力测试时，托板承受荷载锚杆沿着波形面滑移。其最大滑动位移等同于锚杆尾部长度(约为0.6m)，属于两点锚固锚杆，但此种锚杆未进行动力测试。
膨胀(Swellex)锚杆：是一种典型的膨胀锚杆，该锚杆主要通过锚杆杆体与锚杆孔管壁之间的摩擦力锚固岩体。最新研制的Mn24型号Swellex锚杆具有较好的能量吸收能力，其能量吸收范围为18～29kJ。
Garford刚性锚杆：主要由圆钢、锚头及粗牙螺纹钢套组成，采用树脂锚固。粗牙螺纹钢套主要用于搅拌树脂。该锚杆的工程锚头能产生较大的位移量。该锚固头采用厚壁圆钢制作，压入钢管套中350mm。圆钢直径压缩至原始尺寸插入粗牙螺纹钢套中。当锚固端与托板间压缩岩石膨胀时，圆钢被拔出从锚固端。当被拔出之后，其锚固力仍然保持不变，该锚杆能够产生390mm位移。
Roofex锚杆：是一种动力韧性锚杆，由锚固端和圆钢组成，采用树脂进行锚固。圆钢从锚固端中滑动。产生80kN的恒定支护阻力。锚杆的锚固力低于圆钢抗拉强度。Roofex锚杆动力荷载约为60kN，其动力测试能量为12kJ～27kJ。
D锚杆：由圆钢带一定数量的具有一定间隔的锚固点组成，锚杆安装后，由于锚固点较圆钢直径宽，固定在锚杆孔中，使用树脂或者水泥浆全长锚固在锚杆孔中。在两锚固点间的圆钢与锚固体的粘结较弱。当两锚固点之间的岩体膨胀时，在两锚固点之间圆钢强度和变形能力起主要作用，产生200mm的拉伸长度。当荷载为200kN，锚杆的拉伸位移为100～120mm，承受冲击荷载的能量为36～39kJ。为此，研发有效控制岩爆危害的新型释能锚杆，实现“爆而不倒”、留有足够的安全空间确保作业人员、机械设备安全，为我国深井开采及高应力矿体安全、高效开采提供技术保障。
深井岩爆等动力灾害发生时，锚固在岩体内的M型释能锚杆在保持高拉拔力作用同时具有动力释能让压能力。因此，研发了一种新型M型释能锚杆满足上述要求。
发明内容：
本发明的目的是提供一种M型释能锚杆，主要应用于高应力作用下、高岩爆倾向区域、岩爆(冲击地压)以及高应力作用下岩体产生脆-延性变形的巷(隧)道围岩支护。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：
本发明提供的一种M型释能锚杆，包括：锚固杆体，所述锚固杆体一端端部设置有搅拌头，其另一端端部设置有螺纹紧固段，所述螺纹紧固段上旋接有螺母，所述锚固杆体靠近所述螺纹紧固段的一端还套装有托板，所述托板一侧顶抵于所述螺母，通过所述螺母紧固所述托板，所述锚固杆体由第一杆体部和第二杆体部组成，所述第二杆体部设置于两个第一杆体部之间，所述第二杆体部为椭圆形棒状结构，其外壁沿轴向设置多个向内凹陷的弧形凹槽，相邻两个弧形凹槽相交处外凸形成加强筋，使所述第二杆体部截面呈多边形，且所述多边形的每个顶角均为圆角，其每条边向内凹陷形成弧形面。
所述第二杆体部截面为四边形，由两个对扣的M形组成。
所述锚固杆体为一体成型结构。
所述托板横截面为圆形或者矩形，所述托板中心处开设有碗形通孔，所述托板通过所述碗形通孔套装于所述锚固杆体上，且所述碗形通孔靠近所述螺母的一端朝向所述托板外侧延伸，形成碗形部。
所述螺母与所述托板之间还安装有阻尼垫片，其厚度为1～3mm。
所述搅拌头远离所述锚固杆体的一端端部沿轴向延伸形成凸台，所述凸台横截面的面积小于所述锚固杆体横截面的面积。
所述凸台的外壁均朝向所述凸台内部凹陷形成弧形面。
所述凸台的横截面为矩形或者三角形。
本发明一种M型释能锚杆的有益效果：本发明的锚杆结构依据岩石动力学、能量耗散原理、锚杆支护作用等作为设计基础，且在安装过程中，锚杆通过使用搅拌头搅拌安放在锚杆孔中树脂药卷或水泥药卷，将锚固材料(树脂、水泥等)均匀分布到锚杆周围，将锚杆与围岩牢牢锚固在一起，锚杆锚固段安装配套托板、垫圈和螺母，通过调整托板、螺母位置而改变锚杆的预紧力，使锚杆固定在围岩内部，使其既具有南非cone锚杆在动力冲击下的整体滑移释放能量能力，又具有D锚杆的多点锚固作用，同时两点锚固间产生滑移作用，使得锚杆既可以与围岩共同移动消耗积聚在围岩内部的动能，又可以保持较高的锚固力，保持围岩与支护体的稳定，在静态地压条件下，锚杆与普通类型树脂(水泥)锚杆作用机理相同，但其静止拉拔力高于普通锚杆；在高应力、岩爆(冲击地压)以及脆-延性大变形作用下，锚杆从树脂、水泥锚固剂中快速滑动，释放聚集在围岩表面的动能，保持巷道围岩稳定。
附图说明：
图1为本发明一种M型释能锚杆的结构示意图；
图2为图1中I处的放大示意图；
图3为第二杆体部的结构示意图；
图4为图3中A-A的截面示意图；
图5为托板的结构示意图；
图6为图5的后视图；
图7为带垫片螺母的结构示意图；
图8为图7的后视图；
图9为图2的左视图；
图中：1-锚固杆体，11-第一杆体部，12-第二杆体部，2-搅拌头，3-螺纹紧固段，4-螺母，5-阻尼垫片，6-托板，7-碗形通孔，8-碗形部，9-凸台。
具体实施方式：
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
需要说明，本发明实施例中所有方向性指示(诸如上、下、左、右、前、后……)仅用于解释在某一特定姿态(如附图所示)下各部件之间的相对位置关系、运动情况等，如果该特定姿态发生改变时，则该方向性指示也相应地随之改变。
另外，在本发明中涉及“第一”、“第二”等的描述仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示其相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括至少一个该特征。另外，各个实施例之间的技术方案可以相互结合，但是必须是以本领域普通技术人员能够实现为基础，当技术方案的结合出现相互矛盾或无法实现时应当认为这种技术方案的结合不存在，也不在本发明要求的保护范围之内。
根据图1～图9所示，本发明提供的一种M型释能锚杆，包括：锚固杆体1，其直径为16mm～40m，杆体总长度为1200～4000mm，依据矿山地压显现情况，杆体长度可以增加或减少，所述锚固杆体1一端端部设置有搅拌头2，其另一端端部设置有螺纹紧固段3，所述螺纹紧固段3上旋接有螺母4，所述螺母4长度30mm，材料为低碳钢，所述锚固杆体1靠近所述螺纹紧固段3的一端还套装有托板6，所述托板6一侧顶抵于所述螺母4，通过所述螺母4限位所述托板6，所述锚固杆体1由第一杆体部11和第二杆体部12组成，所述锚固杆体1在 冲压时，由所述第一杆体部11和第二杆体部12一体成型形成，所述第二杆体部12设置于两个第一杆体部11之间，所述第二杆体部12为椭圆形棒状结构，其左右两侧为非对称结构，其两端距离椭圆形棒状结构弧面的最高点距离不同，其外壁沿轴向设置多个向内凹陷的弧形凹槽，相邻两个弧形凹槽相交处外凸形成加强筋，使所述第二杆体部12截面呈多边形，且所述多边形的每个顶角均为圆角，其每条边向内凹陷形成弧形面，在所述螺母4与所述托板6之间还设置有阻尼垫片5，其厚度为0.5～1mm。
进一步地，在其中一个实施例中，所述第二杆体部12的截面为四边形，由两个对扣的M形组成，所述四边形的每个顶角均为圆角，其每条边向内凹陷形成弧形面，弧形面的弧度均一致，在其他实施例中，所述第二杆体部12的截面可以为任意的多边形结构。
进一步地，所述托板6横截面为圆形或者矩形，其直径为150mm或者外形尺寸为150mm～150mm，厚度为5～10mm，所述托板6中心处开设有碗形通孔7，所述托板6通过所述碗形通孔7套装于所述锚固杆体1上，且所述碗形通孔7靠近所述螺母4的一端朝向所述托板6外侧延伸，形成碗形部8，所述碗形通孔7的直径视锚杆直径而定；如果围岩应力大，所述托板6的直径可变为200mm或外形尺寸为200mm×200mm，厚度变为10mm；托板6的材质为低碳钢，冲压制作而成。
进一步地，所述搅拌头2由圆钢车削而成，长度为50mm～100mm，厚度为5mm～15mm，且所述搅拌头2远离所述锚固杆体1的一端端部沿轴向延伸形成凸台9，所述凸台9横截面的面积小于所述锚固杆体1横截面的面积，所述凸台9的外壁均朝向所述凸台9内部凹陷形成弧形面，所述凸台9的横截面为矩形或者三角形，当凸台9的横截面为矩形时，所述矩形相对的两个弧形面的弧度相一致，且相邻的两个弧形面的弧度不同，使得凸台9呈扁平状结构。
本发明提供的一种M型释能锚杆，其中M的全称为mace，所指的是一种“狼牙棒”型的锚杆，其中第二杆体部12形似双M相对扣所形成结构，锚固杆体1的端部设置的搅拌头2及其中部设置的多个第二杆体部12的尺寸和设计位置，均是根据岩体动力响应特征进行设计调整的，锚固长度是全长锚固，其锚固范围在1.5～3m之间，锚固材料为树脂或者水泥，第二杆体部12的长度可以根据现场实际地压情况确定，视锚固力及岩体动力响应要求进行调整，所述第二杆体部12既可以多点锚固，又可以在两个锚固间通过拉伸或者剪切变形释能，同时在动力冲击作用下通过杆体整体滑移释放动能。
锚杆安装过程中，搅拌头2将树脂或水泥均匀分散到钻孔中锚杆周围，使锚固杆体1通过均匀树脂，与围岩锚固在一起，锚固杆体1端部安装托板6、阻尼垫片5和螺母4，进而使锚杆在围岩表面固定；；在静态地压作用下，释能锚杆与普通类型锚杆作用机理一样；当高应 力引起大变形或岩爆引起动力学破坏时，阻尼模块发生作用，使阻尼模块从树脂锚固剂快速滑移，释放聚集在围岩中的能量。在高应力、岩爆(冲击地压)以及脆-延性大变形作用下，锚杆又会在树脂中停留下来，起到静态锚固作用。即，锚杆可以与巷道围岩变形保持一致，从而释放围岩的应变性能，保持巷道稳定性。
综上所述，通过设计不同类型，不同长度的锚杆能够抵抗巷道围岩大变形和强烈岩爆的功能；实现巷道稳定，消除由于深井大变形和岩爆带来的安全隐患。
最后应该说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对其限制，尽管参照上述实施例对本发明进行了详细说明，所属领域的普通技术人员应当理解：依然可以对本发明的具体实施方式进行修改或者等同替换，而未脱离本发明精神和范围的任何修改或者等同替换，其均应涵盖在本权利要求范围当中。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种M型释能锚杆，其特征在于：包括：锚固杆体，所述锚固杆体一端端部设置有搅拌头，其另一端端部设置有螺纹紧固段，所述螺纹紧固段上旋接有螺母，所述锚固杆体靠近所述螺纹紧固段的一端还套装有托板，所述托板一侧顶抵于所述螺母，通过所述螺母紧固所述托板，所述锚固杆体由第一杆体部和第二杆体部组成，所述第二杆体部设置于两个第一杆体部之间，所述第二杆体部为椭圆形棒状结构，其外壁沿轴向设置多个向内凹陷的弧形凹槽，相邻两个弧形凹槽相交处外凸形成加强筋，使所述第二杆体部截面呈多边形，且所述多边形的每个顶角均为圆角，其每条边向内凹陷形成弧形面。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种M型释能锚杆，其特征在于：所述第二杆体部截面为四边形，由两个对扣的M形组成。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种M型释能锚杆，其特征在于：所述锚固杆体为一体成型结构。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种M型释能锚杆，其特征在于：所述托板横截面为圆形或者矩形，所述托板中心处开设有碗形通孔，所述托板通过所述碗形通孔套装于所述锚固杆体上，且所述碗形通孔靠近所述螺母的一端朝向所述托板外侧延伸，形成碗形部。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种M型释能锚杆，其特征在于：所述螺母与所述托板之间还安装有阻尼垫片，其厚度为1～3mm。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种M型释能锚杆，其特征在于：所述搅拌头远离所述锚固杆体的一端端部沿轴向延伸形成凸台，所述凸台横截面的面积小于所述锚固杆体横截面的面积。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的一种M型释能锚杆，其特征在于：所述凸台的外壁均朝向所述凸台内部凹陷形成弧形面。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的一种M型释能锚杆，其特征在于：所述凸台的横截面为矩形或者三角形。
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