WO2019178811A1 - 显示面板、显示装置和子像素的渲染方法 - Google Patents

显示面板、显示装置和子像素的渲染方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019178811A1
WO2019178811A1 PCT/CN2018/080050 CN2018080050W WO2019178811A1 WO 2019178811 A1 WO2019178811 A1 WO 2019178811A1 CN 2018080050 W CN2018080050 W CN 2018080050W WO 2019178811 A1 WO2019178811 A1 WO 2019178811A1
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pixel
sub
pixels
display panel
color
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PCT/CN2018/080050
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English (en)
French (fr)
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陶霖密
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陶霖密
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Priority to PCT/CN2018/080050 priority Critical patent/WO2019178811A1/zh
Priority to CN201880090856.9A priority patent/CN111971735A/zh
Publication of WO2019178811A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019178811A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/20—Filters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters

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  • the present invention relates to a display panel and a display device, which can be used as a color display panel and display device for various devices such as various mobile phones, tablet computers, notebook computers, displays, televisions, and the like, and also relates to a rendering method of sub-pixels of the display device.
  • a color display contains multiple pixels, such as 640x480, 1024x768, 1920x1080 pixels, and so on.
  • Each pixel includes two or three or more sub-pixels of different colors. It is more common that each pixel has three sub-pixels, that is, a red sub-pixel, a green sub-pixel, and a blue sub-pixel. The three sub-pixels are arranged in parallel to form one pixel.
  • each pixel is generally square, and therefore, the sub-pixel is rectangular with an aspect ratio of 3:1, as shown in FIG.
  • a plurality of pixels are repeatedly arranged to form a color display as shown in FIG.
  • some of these pixels are self-illuminating, such as LED color display, Active Matrix/Organic Light Emitting Diode (AMOLED) color display, etc. Some of them do not emit light but back light.
  • the light source is uniformly provided, such as a passive organic OLED (PMOLED) color display, an LCD color display, and the like.
  • PPI pixels per inch
  • An important direction in the development of color displays today is to increase the pixel density of color displays.
  • High-resolution mobile phone screens, computer screens, and the booming 4K TVs are placing increasing demands on the pixel density of color displays.
  • Apple's Retina color display has been used to reduce the size of each pixel to obtain a high-resolution color display, which has been used in Apple phones, tablets, laptops and so on.
  • This method of directly increasing the pixel density brings two insurmountable problems. First, the manufacturing process is complicated, the yield is low, and the high-resolution color display is expensive.
  • the increase in pixel density means that each The pixel area is reduced, and the sub-pixels are black-spaced. Therefore, the reduction in the area of the sub-pixels causes the area ratio of the intervals between the sub-pixels to increase, so that the utilization of the light source is lowered, and the power consumption of the color display panel to achieve the same brightness is significantly increased. This is a fatal weakness for mobile devices such as mobile phones, tablets and laptops.
  • the RGBW color display has four color (red, green, blue, white) sub-pixels, but each pixel has only two sub-pixels, namely blue-white, or red-green, see Figure 9.
  • the RGBG color display there are ordinary three-color sub-pixels, but each pixel has only two sub-pixels, namely green-blue, or green-red, see FIG.
  • These color displays increase the pixel density of the color display without reducing the size of each sub-pixel.
  • Apple's Retina color display it has the advantages of low power consumption and low cost.
  • the RGBW color display has been used in the following devices:
  • the RGBG color display is a very successful color display from Samsung and has been widely used in a variety of mobile phones, as follows:
  • variable structure sub-pixel color display screen can achieve higher pixel density and better display effect by changing the structure of the sub-pixels, such as Samsung's S-Strip.
  • the color display screen as shown in FIG. 11, has a blue sub-pixel as a long strip, and a red-green sub-pixel is a small four-square, which is arranged in a cross to form two pixels.
  • the current main method of increasing pixel density is to reduce the number of sub-pixels within a single pixel.
  • This method reduces the proportion of black pixel spacers while increasing the pixel density, improves the utilization of the light source, and reduces the energy consumption of the same brightness.
  • this method reduces the quality of the image compared to the conventional three-primary sub-pixel method, so that the displayed image has a certain degree of color cast.
  • the size of the sub-pixels is much smaller than the resolution of the human eye, that is, the human eye can only distinguish at most different pixels.
  • the pixel density of the display screen is continuously increasing, and the size of the pixel is also much smaller than the resolution of the human eye.
  • the human eye actually sees the mixed light of a plurality of adjacent pixels on the screen. Therefore, another way to increase the pixel density of the display screen is to merge adjacent pixels, that is, merge adjacent sub-pixels of the same color such that the colors of adjacent pixels are at the sub-pixel level, that is, mixed. Since the size of the pixels and sub-pixels are much smaller than the resolution of the human eye, the combination of a few adjacent pixels does not affect the subjective perception of the human eye.
  • 17(a) represents a row of pixels
  • a small horizontal representation of a pixel and a representation of 17(b)
  • the adjacent two pixels are combined.
  • the specific method is as shown in FIG. 18.
  • the brightness of the new strong sub-pixel is the sum of two adjacent sub-pixels, while keeping the combined pixel shape rectangular, and the aspect ratio is 2 to 1, which is equivalent to stretching the original pixel to two pixels.
  • This pixel merging method is simple and easy, but its essence is to directly increase the size of the pixel, reduce the number of pixels, and reduce the pixel area in the display industry, and increase the pixel density in the opposite direction. Generally speaking, it is difficult for users and the market. Accepted.
  • 17(a)-(c) 17(a) represents a row of pixels, and 17(c) represents that partial sub-pixels of two adjacent pixels are successively merged, while the sub-pixel area is increased. , keeping the number of pixels unchanged.
  • the contiguous sub-pixels of the method are combined to have a better display effect, taking into consideration the advantages that the number of pixels is constant, but the sub-pixel area is increased.
  • this patent proposes a new theoretical method for continuous merging of sub-pixels, which is a major breakthrough in the field of display manufacturing.
  • a display panel which is composed of pixels arranged in a plurality of rows and columns, each pixel being composed of at least three sub-pixel arrays of different primary colors, each pixel having at least a first color sub-pixel, a second color sub-pixel, a third color sub-pixel; the second color sub-pixel and the third color sub-pixel are stacked in a column direction; wherein the first pixel P1 is adjacent to the second pixel P2 and the third pixel P3 in the row direction
  • the first color sub-pixel SP11 of the first pixel P1 and the same color sub-pixel SP21 of the second pixel P2 are adjacent in the row direction;
  • the second color sub-pixel SP12 of the first pixel P1 and the same-color sub-pixel SP32 of the third pixel P3 are along Adjacent to the row direction, the third color sub-pixel SP13 of the first pixel P1 and the same color sub-pixel SP33 of the third pixel P3 are adjacent in the row direction, wherein each two adjacent
  • a display panel comprising pixels arranged in a plurality of rows and columns, each pixel being composed of sub-pixel arrangements of at least three different primary colors; arrangement of sub-pixels in each pixel The sub-pixel arrangement of each of the two pixels adjacent in the row direction is mirror-symmetrical in the row direction, and any sub-pixel within each pixel has the same-color sub-pixel adjacent in the row direction in adjacent pixels Wherein each two adjacent homochromatic sub-pixels of the adjacent pixels are combined into one strong sub-pixel, sharing a pair of electrodes.
  • a display device comprising: the above display panel; and a first driving circuit for transmitting a data signal to each sub-pixel of the display panel; and a second driving circuit for Each sub-pixel of the display panel transmits a scan signal.
  • a rendering method of a sub-pixel of a display device is provided.
  • the arrangement of sub-pixels in the display panel defines an output display format;
  • the rendering method of the sub-pixel includes: receiving an input image in a first format Data for rendering the display device in the output display format; performing a sub-pixel rendering operation based on the input image data to generate a luminance value for each sub-pixel on the display panel; transmitting a signal to each sub-pixel of the display panel,
  • the rendering of the strong sub-pixel includes: obtaining a color value corresponding to the color of the strong sub-pixel in the color value of each of the associated two pixels of the input image data; adding the two corresponding color values As the color value of the strong sub-pixel.
  • a display panel according to the present invention is composed of pixels arranged in rows and columns, each pixel being composed of at least three arrays of strong sub-pixels of different primary colors; strong sub-pixels in each pixel are in the pixel and in the row direction thereof
  • the adjacent pixels are shared, and the brightness is determined by the common color sub-pixel data in the corresponding image data of the present pixel and the adjacent pixels.
  • the display technology according to an embodiment of the present invention enables the display device to maintain good color reproduction capability and low power consumption while achieving high pixel density.
  • 1(a) and 1(b) illustrate two exemplary rearrangement schemes of three primary color RGB sub-pixels in a display panel in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2(a) and (b) schematically illustrate an example in which two homochromatic sub-pixels in a display panel of a backlit color display panel are combined to form a strong sub-pixel, corresponding to FIG. 1(a) and FIG. 1(b, respectively.
  • the sub-pixel rearrangement scheme performs the result of combining the same color sub-pixels.
  • FIG. 3(a) and (b) schematically illustrate an example in which two homochromatic sub-pixels in a display panel of an active light-emitting color display panel are combined to form a strong sub-pixel, corresponding to FIG. 1(a) and FIG. 1 respectively.
  • the sub-pixel rearrangement scheme of b) performs the result of combining the same color sub-pixels.
  • FIG. 4 shows a block diagram of a configuration of a display device 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figures 5(a)-(d) show schematic diagrams of conventional displays from image data to panel display.
  • FIGS. 6(a)-(d) show schematic diagrams from image data to panel display in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 shows a schematic diagram of a square pixel composed of RGB sub-pixels.
  • FIG. 8 shows a schematic diagram of a conventional plurality of pixels repeatedly arranged to form a color display.
  • Figure 9 shows a schematic diagram of a traditional Pentic RGBW color display made by Samsung.
  • Figure 10 shows a schematic diagram of a traditional Pentic RGBG color display made by Samsung.
  • Fig. 11 is a view showing a conventional S-Strip color display screen manufactured by Samsung.
  • Fig. 12 is a view showing a related art of a color display screen of Samsung Corporation.
  • Figure 13 shows the operation of a conventional general color display.
  • Fig. 14 is a view showing a novel color display device in which the same color sub-pixels are merged to form a strong sub-pixel in the same line of the prior art of the present inventors, in which the wider sub-pixel is a strong sub-pixel.
  • a novel color display device in which the same color sub-pixels are combined to form a strong sub-pixel in the same row, the sub-pixel with a dot pattern in the figure is a strong sub-pixel.
  • FIG. 16 shows a single sub-pixel (or pixel or sub-pixel) color display device.
  • 17(a), 17(b) and 17(c) show examples of several sub-pixel merging methods.
  • FIG. 18 shows an example of a method in which adjacent sub-pixels are combined to cause adjacent pixels to merge.
  • pixel also known as pixel, is the basic unit of image display, translated from English "pixel", pix is a common shorthand for English word picture, plus the English word "element” element, it gets pixel, so "pixel” means The meaning of "image elements”.
  • Each pixel can have its own color value, so there is a corresponding "sub-pixel” concept, for example, the pixel can be displayed in three primary colors, and thus divided into three sub-pixels of red, green and blue (RGB color gamut), or blue, Magenta, yellow, and black seed pixels (CMYK color gamut, common in the printing industry and printers), or red, green, blue, and white seed pixels (RGBW color gamut), or more primary colors.
  • RGB color gamut red, green and blue
  • CMYK color gamut common in the printing industry and printers
  • RGBW color gamut red, green, blue, and white seed pixels
  • primary color refers to each color in a group of repeated sub-pixels, for example, red (R), green (G), and blue (B) in an RGB sub-pixel are referred to as The three primary colors, red (R), green (G), blue (B), and white (W) in the RGBW sub-pixel are also primary colors.
  • between adjacent pairs of pixels refers to a sequence of pixels arranged in a pixel group, which is composed of two pixels in sequence, and there are no repeated pixels between each pair of pixels, which will be described in this way.
  • the situation between adjacent pairs of pixels For example, in an example as will be described later, in the four primary color octet group "P1 P2 P3 P4 P4 P1 P2 P3 P3 P4 P1 P2 P2 P3 P4 P1", the first pixel is in order from left to right.
  • the sub-pixel P1 P2 is included, the second pixel includes the sub-pixel P3 P4, the third pixel includes the sub-pixel P4 P1, and the fourth pixel includes the sub-pixel P2 P3, and the analogy until the eighth pixel includes the sub-pixel P4 P1.
  • the first and second pixels, the third and fourth pixels, the fifth and sixth pixels, and the seventh and eighth pixels sequentially form a pair of pixels.
  • Each pixel pair contains four primary color sub-pixels of P1, P2, P3, and P4.
  • the first pixel pair is composed of the first and second pixels
  • the second pixel pair is composed of the third and fourth pixels
  • the third pixel pair is composed of the fifth and sixth pixels
  • the fourth pixel pair is composed of the seventh and eighth pixels.
  • the pixel composition there is no pixel pair composed of the second pixel and the third pixel, a pixel pair composed of the fourth pixel and the fifth pixel, and the like.
  • sub-pixel type is RGB sub-pixels
  • the present invention is not limited thereto, and the types and numbers of sub-pixels (primary colors) may be different.
  • the pixels are repeatedly arranged to form a color display screen, and there are various methods for repeating the arrangement, which may include an inter-line color arrangement and an inter-line color arrangement.
  • the inter-line color arrangement means that the colors of the sub-pixels at the corresponding positions between the lines are the same, and the inter-line color arrangement means that the colors of the sub-pixels at the corresponding positions between the lines are different.
  • a common feature is that adjacent two adjacent pixels in the same row are adjacent to each other after the sub-pixel rearrangement of the present invention.
  • the two sub-pixels have the same color, and any sub-pixel has adjacent homochromatic sub-pixels; and the two adjacent sub-pixels are combined into a strong sub-pixel, sharing the electrode, thereby halving the scan line.
  • the neighboring sub-pixels of the adjacent pixels have the same color, which increases the saturation of the displayed color, so that the color display screen proposed by the invention has higher color saturation than the existing color display screen, and the displayed color is more Bright, the layer is more abundant; any sub-pixel (except for individual boundary sub-pixels) has adjacent homochromatic sub-pixels in adjacent pixels, which are merged into strong sub-pixels, thereby directly reducing the number of lines and directly reducing the display panel. Manufacturing costs.
  • the new color display is capable of higher luminous efficiency, smaller pixel area, and fewer drive lines. All of these technological advancements can be used to provide pixel density for display screens, to produce low cost, high pixel density color display devices, and, on the other hand, to make more energy efficient, lower cost color displays.
  • each pixel of the color display device is composed of three sub-pixels of red, green, and blue.
  • Each sub-pixel is driven by a pair of electrodes and is controlled by a scanning circuit.
  • the sub-pixels are generally rectangular, and the pixels composed of the three sub-pixels are square.
  • the three-color sub-pixels are repeatedly arranged in rows and columns to form a color display device having a plurality of pixels.
  • the color display device When displaying a color digital image, the color display device first acquires three color values of red, green, and blue for each pixel of the image to be displayed. Then, the driving of the display device converts the acquired three color values into voltage values, and respectively loads them onto the red, green, and blue color sub-pixels of the corresponding pixels of the display screen by the scan controller, thereby realizing color display.
  • Tao Linmi invented a new type of display device in which adjacent sub-pixels are combined to form a strong sub-pixel.
  • FIG. 14 FIG. 15 and FIG. 14, the same color in the same row is combined to form a strong color of a strong sub-pixel.
  • the wider sub-pixels in the figure are strong sub-pixels; in Fig. 15, the same color sub-pixels in the same row are combined to form a strong color sub-pixel, and the dotted sub-pixels are strong sub-pixels.
  • the prior application 1 (PCT International Application No.: PCT/CN2014/086036; publication number: WO2016033803 A1) improves the aperture ratio of the display device, improves the utilization of the light source, and reduces the complexity of the system.
  • Tao Lin Mi further invented a display device with only one sub-pixel.
  • FIG. 16 shows a single sub-pixel (or pixel or sub-pixel) color display device, in which each red, green and blue square represents one. Pixels, more specifically see prior application 2 (PCT International Application No. PCT/CN2016/113509), further improve the utilization of the light source and reduce the complexity of the system (Fig. 16).
  • prior application 2 PCT International Application No. PCT/CN2016/113509
  • the present invention further refines the number of electrodes and lines by rearranging the sub-pixels so that any sub-pixels have adjacent homochromatic sub-pixels, and then merges them into strong sub-pixels, thereby improving the number of electrodes and lines, and improving the number of electrodes and lines.
  • the aperture ratio of the display device reduces the complexity of the display device.
  • a display panel which is composed of pixel repeats, each pixel is composed of three sub-pixels of different primary colors, and the sub-pixels are arranged according to a specific arrangement rule, wherein three sub-pixels Each of the pixels has the same color as the adjacent sub-pixel of one of the two adjacent pixels.
  • the area of each sub-pixel does not change, and is still one-third.
  • the sub-pixels of the three primary colors together form a square pixel. This is a preferred example, and the resulting display screen is natural, although of course the pixels can be arranged to be non-square if there are special needs; and if there is a special need, the area of each sub-pixel can be more or less.
  • the focus of the sub-pixel rearrangement in the embodiment of the present invention is that after the sub-pixels are rearranged, the three sub-pixels of each pixel are the same color as the adjacent sub-pixels of the adjacent pixels.
  • the first invention at most two sub-pixels in each pixel are of the same color as the adjacent sub-pixels of the adjacent pixels.
  • the saturation of the displayed color can be increased, and the displayed color is more vivid and the layer is more abundant.
  • the display panel is composed of a plurality of pixels arranged in a plurality of rows and columns.
  • the scanning lines S are connected to each row of pixels
  • the data lines D are connected to each column of pixels.
  • the pixel P1 has a green sub-pixel P11, a blue sub-pixel P12, and a red sub-pixel P13; the pixel P2 has a green sub-pixel P21, a blue sub-pixel P22, and a red sub-pixel P23; and the pixel P3 has The green sub-pixel P31, the blue sub-pixel P32, and the red sub-pixel P33.
  • the pixel P1 is adjacent to the pixels P2 and P3 in the row direction.
  • the sub-pixel arrangement of the visible pixel P1 and the sub-pixel arrangement of the adjacent pixel P2 are mirror-symmetrical in the row direction
  • the sub-pixel arrangement of the pixel P1 and the sub-pixel arrangement of the adjacent pixel P3 are mirror-symmetrical in the row direction
  • each sub-pixel of the pixel P1 P11, P12, and P13 are adjacent to the same color sub-pixel of the adjacent pixel.
  • the green sub-pixel P11 of P1 is adjacent to the green sub-pixel P21 of P2
  • the red sub-pixel P13 of P1 is adjacent to the red sub-pixel P33 of P3.
  • the sub-pixels of substantially all of the pixels have the same color sub-pixels adjacent thereto.
  • at least some of the sub-pixels are arranged at an intersection (vertical) with at least a portion of the other sub-pixels, for example, the arrangement direction of the green sub-pixels P11 of P1 is vertical, and the blue sub-pixels P12 and red of P1 are vertical.
  • the pixels are placed laterally, the placement direction of the green sub-pixel P11 is crossed (vertical) with the blue sub-pixel P12 and the red sub-pixel P13, and the blue sub-pixel P12 and the red sub-pixel P13 are stacked in the column direction. .
  • FIG. 1(b) shows another rearrangement of three primary color RGB sub-pixels according to an embodiment of the present invention, which differs from FIG. 1(a) in that red sub-pixels are placed vertically, while blue sub-pixels The pixels and green subpixels are placed sideways.
  • the three sub-pixels of each pixel in the same row have the same color as the adjacent sub-pixels of the adjacent pixels.
  • the pixel density of the color display (the number of pixels per unit area) is very high, especially for the color display of mobile devices, the pixel density is far beyond the resolution of the human eye.
  • Apple's so-called retina screen means that its display screen has a high pixel density that exceeds the resolution of the human retina.
  • the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention combines all adjacent homochromatic sub-pixels in the same row to form a strong sub-pixel.
  • the luminance or illuminance of the strong sub-pixel is the sum of the luminances of the two adjacent sub-pixels (the two sub-pixels are combined to obtain the strong sub-pixel).
  • the merging of the same color sub-pixels needs to satisfy two conditions: (1) the illuminance is the sum of the luminances of the two merging sub-pixels being combined, and (2) the pixels composed of the three-color sub-pixels are still It is square.
  • the following advantages can be obtained: (1) The luminance of the two sub-pixels does not change before and after the combination, so that after combining, the luminance of the strong sub-pixel is the sum of the luminances of the first two sub-pixels. Before and after the two sub-pixels are combined, the manner in which the emitted light is mixed changes.
  • the light emitted independently is received by the human eye after being mixed in the space due to the limitation of the resolution of the human eye.
  • the light of the two sub-pixels is mixed at the level of the strong sub-pixels and then received by the human eye. Due to the limitation of human eye resolution, the human eye cannot distinguish between light emitted by two independent sub-pixels or light emitted by a strong sub-pixel; (2) pixels are still square, meaning that before and after sub-pixel combination, only The shape of the sub-pixel is changed, but the shape of the pixel is not changed.
  • the display is divided into two types: an active light unit color display (such as an LED, an OLED display, etc.) and a backlit color display (such as a liquid crystal display).
  • an active light unit color display such as an LED, an OLED display, etc.
  • a backlit color display such as a liquid crystal display
  • a backlight display such as a liquid crystal display is characterized in that its backlight is a light source of constant brightness, and the brightness of the sub-pixels is realized by adjusting the light transmittance of the liquid crystal. Therefore, in a liquid crystal color display, after the same color sub-pixels are combined, the area of the strong sub-pixel is twice that of the atomic pixel, so as to ensure that the maximum brightness of the strong sub-pixel is twice the maximum brightness of the atomic pixel, that is, the brightness of the strong sub-pixel. The sum of two adjacent homochromatic subpixels that are merged.
  • the merging of adjacent homochromatic sub-pixels needs to satisfy two conditions: (1) the luminous intensity is the sum of the luminances of the two homochromatic sub-pixels being combined, and (2) the three-color strong sub-pixel The pixels are still square.
  • the pixel value of the strong sub-pixel is the mean of the pixel values of the two adjacent same-color sub-pixels that are merged, and the driving voltage is also the average of the voltage values of the two adjacent same-color sub-pixels that are combined.
  • FIGS. 1(a) and 1(b) schematically illustrate an example in which two homochromatic sub-pixels in a display panel are combined to form a strong sub-pixel, respectively corresponding to the sub-pixels of FIGS. 1(a) and 1(b).
  • the row scheme performs the result of combining the same color sub-pixels.
  • the backlight type color display device drive circuit is reduced by one-half, which directly reduces the manufacturing cost of the display screen.
  • the reduction in the number of sub-pixels and the increase in the area also contribute to the manufacture of the liquid crystal panel and increase the yield thereof.
  • the black interval between the sub-pixels is saved, the light transmittance (opening ratio) of the display screen is increased, the utilization efficiency of the light source is improved, and the energy saving effect is good.
  • the interval between the sub-pixels disappears, which further increases the pixel density of the display.
  • a strong sub-pixel is realized by increasing an area of a light-emitting unit corresponding to a strong sub-pixel.
  • the area of the strong sub-pixel is twice that of the atomic pixel, and the brightness is also the sum of the brightness of the two adjacent color sub-pixels.
  • the luminous efficiency of the strong sub-pixel is improved, and the area thereof is generally smaller than the sum of the two sub-pixels. Therefore, the height of the pixels also needs to be adjusted so that each pixel is still square.
  • the active light color display can also merge the same color sub-pixels by increasing the area of the strong sub-pixels, like a backlit display such as a liquid crystal. Or an active illuminating color display can increase the illuminating intensity of the strong sub-pixels to combine the same color sub-pixels.
  • the merging of adjacent homochromatic sub-pixels needs to satisfy two conditions: (1) the luminous intensity is the sum of the luminances of the two homochromatic sub-pixels being combined, and (2) the three-color strong sub-pixel The pixels are still square.
  • the combined strong sub-pixels are represented by three-color blocks with white patterns, and the luminance is the sum of the luminances of the adjacent two identical-color sub-pixels being merged. .
  • the combined color display device drive circuit is reduced by one-half, which directly reduces the manufacturing cost of the display.
  • the luminous efficiency of each pixel is increased and the area is reduced, which is beneficial to increase the pixel density of the display screen.
  • a strong sub-pixel can be realized by increasing the light-emitting intensity of the light-emitting unit corresponding to the strong sub-pixel.
  • the area of a strong sub-pixel can be the same as that of a normal sub-pixel, but its shape is a new shape of a strong sub-pixel as shown in FIGS. 3(a) and (b), so that each pixel is still square.
  • the brightness of the strong sub-pixel or its luminous intensity is the sum of the two adjacent color-matching sub-pixels.
  • the color display of the two specific embodiments described above in connection with Figs. 1(a), (b), 2(a), (b) and Figs. 3(a), (b) is characterized by: (1) sub-pixel After rearrangement, adjacent sub-pixels of any two adjacent pixels in the same row of the display device have the same color, and three sub-pixels of any pixel have adjacent congruent sub-pixels of adjacent pixels; (2) Two adjacent homochromatic sub-pixels of adjacent pixels are merged into strong sub-pixels. As described above, all three sub-pixels of each pixel have adjacent same-color sub-pixels, and therefore, after merging, all three sub-pixels of any pixel become strong sub-pixels. Black spacing is eliminated in the strong subpixels.
  • the adjacent homochromatic sub-pixels or strong sub-pixels increase the saturation of the displayed color, so that the color display screen of the embodiment of the invention has higher color saturation than the existing color display screen, and the displayed color is more vivid.
  • the level is more abundant; and the strong sub-pixels improve the utilization of the light source and reduce the power consumption of the color display. Accordingly, the aspect ratio of the sub-pixels also needs to be adjusted so that each pixel remains square.
  • the number of strong sub-pixels in each row is half of the number of pre-merging sub-pixels, thereby reducing the line scanning frequency of the color display of the embodiment to a color display of the same number of pixels. Half of it, thus significantly reducing the manufacturing cost of high pixel density color displays.
  • 1(a) and 1(b) show a sub-pixel rearrangement scheme in the case of RGB three primary color sub-pixels, but this is an example, not a limitation, and the sub-pixel rearrangement scheme may be different from the above, and sub-pixels.
  • the number of primary colors can be more, for example, four primary colors, red, blue, green, and white.
  • one sub-pixel may be placed vertically, and the other three sub-pixels may be placed horizontally; or two sub-pixels may be placed horizontally and stacked, and the other two sub-pixels are also stacked laterally, and the first two sub-pixels are The latter two sub-pixels are parallel along the column direction.
  • all of the sub-pixels in one pixel include sub-pixels of all primary colors, which can avoid color cast of the displayed image and ensure display quality.
  • the display panel may be a liquid crystal display panel, an emissive electroluminescent display panel, a plasma display panel, a field emission display panel, an electrophoretic display panel, a flash display panel, an incandescent display panel, an LED display panel, and an organic light emitting diode. Display panel, etc.
  • primary colors or primary colors can be designed as needed.
  • four primary colors of red, green, blue, and white can be selected, and other primary colors can also be included.
  • other primary colors can also be included. For example, cyan, magenta, etc.
  • FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a display device 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the configuration block diagram shows only components closely related to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the configuration is not restrictive and non-exhaustive, but Other components may also be included.
  • the display device 100 may include an input image receiving section 110, a sub-pixel rendering section 120, a driving section 130, and a display panel 140.
  • the input image receiving section 110 is configured to receive input image data of a first format for rendering the display device in the output display format.
  • the format of the input image data may be a conventional three-color "full pixel" RGB format, or other sRGB, YCbCr, RGBW format, etc., and the output display format is determined by the layout of the sub-pixels in the display screen.
  • the input image receiving section 110 may include a function of performing gamut mapping on the input image data, for example, if the input data is in the RGB format, on the RGBW display panel To render, you need to perform a gamut mapping operation to take advantage of the W primary colors on the panel.
  • gamut mapping functionality may also be implemented by other components independent of the mapping data receiving component 110 or specialized gamut mapping components.
  • Sub-pixel rendering component 120 is operative to perform a sub-pixel rendering operation based on input image data, including input image data, such as through gamut mapping processing, to generate luminance values for each sub-pixel on the display panel. Based on such a brightness value, the driving part 130 transmits a signal to each sub-pixel of the display panel, thereby realizing that the input image data of the first format is displayed on the display panel in a manner that is pleasing to the viewer. That is, a sub-pixel rendering operation provides a luminance value for each sub-pixel on the display panel.
  • the display panel 140 may be, for example, the display panel of the embodiment of the present invention described above, which is composed of pixels arranged in a plurality of rows and columns, each row of pixels corresponding to, for example, one scan line, and each column of pixels corresponding to, for example, one data line, each The pixels are composed of sub-pixel arrangements of at least three different primary colors; the arrangement of the sub-pixels in each pixel is mirror-symmetrical in the row direction with each of the two pixel adjacent pixels in the row direction, and each Any sub-pixel in the pixel has the same-color sub-pixel adjacent in the row direction in the adjacent pixel; wherein each two adjacent-color sub-pixels of the adjacent pixel are combined into one strong sub-pixel, sharing a pair of electrodes .
  • the combination of the arrangement of the strong sub-pixels and the rendering method in the display screen of this embodiment makes the display device have the advantages of high pixel density, low line count, low power consumption, and strong color reproduction capability.
  • FIG. 5(a)-(d) are diagrams showing a schematic diagram of a conventional display from image data to panel display, wherein FIG. 5(a) shows partial input image data of a color image having a plurality of pixels; Wherein Pij represents partial input image data of pixels of the ith row and column, i and j are integers greater than or equal to 0; and FIG. 5(b) specifically shows six pixels P0-P5 in the image shown in FIG. 5(a) The color values are (R0G0, B0), ..., (R5G5, B5); Fig. 5(c) shows that the conventional RGB display directly displays the image according to the numerical value of Fig. 5(b), that is, the sub-pixel of the display.
  • FIG. 5(d) shows that the conventional RGBG display only displays the image according to the partial value in FIG. 5(b), for example, for the input image.
  • FIG. 6(a)-(d) are schematic diagrams showing image data to panel display according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein FIG. 6(a) shows a partial input image of a color image having a plurality of pixels. Data; where Pij represents input image data of pixels of the i-th row and j-th column, i and j are integers greater than or equal to 0; and FIG. 6(b) specifically shows six pixels P0 in the image shown in FIG.
  • the innovation of the present invention is that (1) rearrangement of sub-pixels causes all sub-pixels of all pixels to have their adjacent same-color sub-pixels, and (2) adjacent same-color sub-pixels of adjacent pixels are combined to form strong sub-pixels, And all sub-pixels of all pixels form strong sub-pixels.
  • the invention directly reduces the complexity of the display panel circuit and directly reduces the manufacturing cost of the display panel.
  • the new color display is capable of higher luminous efficiency, smaller pixel area, and fewer drive lines. All of these technological advancements can be used to increase the pixel density of display screens, to produce low-cost, high-pixel-density color display devices, and, on the other hand, to make more energy-efficient, lower-cost color displays.
  • the present invention is a basic invention in the field of color display devices and can be applied to all color display devices.
  • the invention can break through the patent barriers of foreign manufacturers and open up a broad prospect for the Chinese screen factory.

Abstract

一种显示面板、显示装置和子像素渲染方法。显示面板由像素按多行多列排列组成，每个像素由至少三种不同原色的子像素排列组成；每个像素内的子像素的排列方式与行方向上相邻的两个像素的每个的子像素排列方式在行方向上镜像对称，且每个像素内的任一子像素在相邻像素中都具有在行方向上相邻的同色子像素；上述相邻像素的每两个相邻同色子像素合并为一个强子像素，共用一对电极。该显示器直接降低了显示面板线路的复杂度，降低了显示面板的制造成本，能够具有更高的发光效率，更小的像素面积，更少的驱动线路，可用于制造低成本的高像素密度的彩色显示装置。

Description

显示面板、显示装置和子像素的渲染方法 技术领域
本发明涉及显示面板和显示装置，可以用作各种手机、平板电脑、笔记本电脑、显示器、电视机等各种设备的彩色显示面板和显示装置，还涉及显示装置的子像素的渲染方法。
背景技术
当前广泛使用的各种彩色显示屏，如阴极射线管(Cathode Ray Tube,CRT)显示屏，发光二极管(light-emitting diode,LED)显示屏、有机发光二极管(Organic Light Emitting Diode,OLED)显示屏、液晶显示屏(liquid crystal display,LCD)等，都是由像素排列而成的。一个彩色显示屏包含有多个像素，如640x480，1024x768，1920x1080个像素等。每个像素包括两个或三个或更多个不同颜色的子像素。其中比较常见的是每个像素有三个子像素，即红色子像素、绿色子像素、蓝色子像素。三个子像素平行排列，形成一个像素。
为了防止显示的图像变形，每个像素一般都是正方形的，因此，子像素是长方形的，其宽高比为3：1，如图7所示。多个像素重复排列形成彩色显示屏如图8。当然，这些像素有些是自发光的，如LED彩色显示屏、主动矩阵有机发光二极体面板(Active Matrix/Organic Light Emitting Diode,AMOLED)彩色显示屏等，有些自身并不发光而是靠背光来统一提供光源，如被动式有机电激发光二极管(Passive matrix OLED,PMOLED)彩色显示屏、LCD彩色显示屏等。
彩色显示屏的一个重要指标是每英寸像素数(PPI)，即彩色显示屏的像素密度。当前彩色显示屏发展的一个重要方向，就是提高彩色显示屏的像素密度。高分辨率的手机屏幕、电脑屏幕，以及正在火热发展中的4K电视等，都对彩色显示屏的像素密度提出了越来越高的要求。如苹果电脑公司生产的Retina彩色显示屏通过降低每个像素的尺寸来获得高分辨率的彩色显示屏，已经用于苹果手机、平板电脑、笔记本电脑等。这种直接增加像素密度的方 法，带来了两个难以克服的问题，一是制造工艺复杂，成品率低，从而导致高分辨率的彩色显示屏价格高；二是像素密度的提高意味着每个像素面积的缩小，而子像素之间是有黑色间隔的。因此，子像素面积的降低使得子像素之间的间隔所占的面积比增加，从而使得光源的利用率降低，为达到同样亮度的彩色显示屏的能耗显著增加。这对于手机、平板电脑、笔记本电脑等移动设备来说，是一个致命的弱点。
为了在提高像素密度的同时，降低彩色显示屏的生产成本和使用过程中的能耗，三星公司提出了多种新的彩色显示屏设计和制造方法。该公司在Pentile RGBW彩色显示屏及Pentile RGBG彩色显示屏中，通过降低每个像素中子像素的数量，来提高像素密度。其中RGBW彩色显示屏具有四色(红、绿、蓝、白)子像素，但每个像素都只有两个子像素，即蓝-白，或红-绿，参见图9。而在RGBG彩色显示屏中，具有普通的三色子像素，但每个像素都只有两个子像素，即绿-蓝，或绿-红，参见图10。这些彩色显示屏在不降低每个子像素的尺寸的前提下，提高了彩色显示屏的像素密度。相比于苹果公司的Retina彩色显示屏而言，具有低功耗、低成本的优点。其中RGBW彩色显示屏已用于如下设备中：
·Motorola MC65
·Motorola ES55
·Motorola ES400
·Motorola Atrix 4G
·Samsung Galaxy Note 10.1 2014 version
·Lenovo Yoga 2 Pro
·HP ENVY TouchSmart 14-k022tx Sleekbook
RGBG彩色显示屏是三星非常成功的一个彩色显示屏，已广泛地用于多种手机中，如下：
·BlackBerry Q10
·Nexus One
·HTC Desire(AMOLED variants only)
·Samsung S8000
·Samsung Galaxy S
·Samsung Galaxy S Plus
·Samsung Galaxy S III
·Samsung Galaxy S III Mini
·Samsung Galaxy S 4
·Samsung Galaxy Note
·Samsung Wave S8500
·Samsung Ativ S
·Samsung NX10
·Nexus S(Super AMOLED variants only)
·Galaxy Nexus
·Dell Venue Pro
·Nokia N9
·Nokia Lumia 800
·Nokia Lumia 925
·Nokia Lumia 928
·Nokia Lumia 1020
·HTC One S
·Pantech Burst
·Huawei Ascend P1
·Alcatel One Touch Star 6010D
·Motorola RAZR i
除了上述通过降低子像素数量来提高像素密度的方法以外，变结构子像素彩色显示屏则通过改变子像素的结构，来获得更高的像素密度和更好的显示效果，如三星的S-Strip彩色显示屏，如图11所示，蓝色子像素为一长条，而红绿色子像素为小四方块，交叉排列形成二个像素。三星彩色显示屏技术相关专利如图12所示，其中2010年的手机Galary S和2012年的手机Galary S3采用了PenTile RGBG彩色显示屏(由RG像素和BG像素)，2011年的手机Galary S2采用了Stripe彩色显示屏(RGB像素)，2012年的手机Galary Note2采用了S-Stripe彩色显示屏(RGB像素)。
综上可见，目前提高像素密度的主要方法是降低单个像素内子像素数量。这种方法在提高像素密度的同时，降低了黑色的像素间隔区的比例，提高了光源的利用率，降低了同等亮度的能耗。但是这种方法相比于传统的三原色子像素方法，降低了图像的质量，使得显示的图像有一定程度的偏色。
发明内容
发明人认为，上述所有方法的一个共同特点是通过缩小子像素的面积或减少子像素的数量来提高显示屏的像素密度。这些方法是显示屏工业进步的 主要动力，但在显示屏像素密度超过人眼的分辨力以后，需要综合考虑像素的数量、大小与视觉三者之间的关系。
现代显示工业的一个最基本假设是，子像素的尺寸远小于人眼的分辨率，即人眼最多只能分辨不同的像素。随着显示工业的发展，显示屏的像素密度不断提高，像素的尺寸也变得远小于人眼的分辨率，人眼实际上看到的是屏幕上多个相邻像素的混合光。因此，提高显示屏像素密度的另一种方法是合并相邻的像素，即合并相邻同色的子像素，使得相邻像素的颜色在子像素层次上，即已混合。由于像素和子像素的尺寸均已远小于人眼的分辨率，因此，少数的相邻像素的合并，并不影响人眼的主观感觉。
相邻像素的合并的基本方法有两种：(1)如图17(a)和(b)所示，17(a)表示一行像素，图中一个小横表示一个像素，17(b)表示相邻的两个像素合并，具体方法如图18所示，首先将所有的子像素横置，然后相邻两个同色的子像素合并。合并后，新的强子像素的亮度为两个相邻子像素的和，同时保持合并后像素形状为长方形，长宽比为2比1，等价于把原像素拉长为两个像素。这种像素合并方法简单易行，但其实质是直接增加了像素的尺寸，减少了像素的数量，和显示器工业缩小像素面积，提高像素密度的发展方向相反，一般来说，难以为用户和市场所接受。(2)如图17(a)-(c)所示，17(a)表示一行像素，17(c)表示相邻的两个像素的部分子像素连续合并，在增加了子像素面积的同时，保持了像素数量的不变。本方法的连续子像素合并，显示效果更好，兼顾了像素数量不变，但子像素面积增加的优点。
上述分析表明，尽管目前关于显示器的核心，子像素的排列和渲染方法的专利壁垒已经被一些国际大公司经过多年的研发投入而逐步建立。这也是他们在显示器领域多年来研究和开发成果的积累。中国众多的显示屏、显示器生产厂家，只能从事低端的加工生产，大部分利润落入这些掌握有核心专利的上游厂家，这也同时导致了中国国内厂家产生由于利润微薄而科研投入少的不良循环。但随着显示屏像素密度的提高，传统的方法已经趋向极限，难以取得新的进展。要在彩色显示装置领域突破现有的方法与专利壁垒，是一项非常具有挑战性、创造性的工作，需要研究者在人的视觉认知机制、机器视觉理论与方法、彩色显示原理与方法等领域从事深入的交叉学科研究，才能厚积薄发，取得突破。
本专利基于视觉的感知原理，提出了子像素连续合并的新理论方法，是 显示器制造领域的一大突破。
根据本发明的一个方面，提供了一种显示面板，由像素按多行多列排列组成，每个像素由至少三种不同原色的子像素排列组成，每个像素至少含第一色子像素、第二色子像素、第三色子像素；第二色子像素和第三色子像素沿列方向叠置；其中，第一像素P1沿行方向与第二像素P2和第三像素P3相邻，第一像素P1的第一色子像素SP11与第二像素P2的同色子像素SP21沿行方向相邻；第一像素P1的第二色子像素SP12与第三像素P3的同色子像素SP32沿行方向相邻，第一像素P1的第三色子像素SP13与第三像素P3的同色子像素SP33沿行方向相邻，其中上述相邻像素的每两个相邻同色子像素被合并为一个强子像素，共用一对电极。
根据本发明的另一方面，提供了一种显示面板，由像素按多行多列排列组成，每个像素由至少三种不同原色的子像素排列组成；每个像素内的子像素的排列方式与在行方向上相邻的两个像素的每个的子像素排列方式在行方向上镜像对称，且每个像素内的任一子像素在相邻像素中都具有在行方向上相邻的同色子像素；其中上述相邻像素的每两个相邻同色子像素被合并为一个强子像素，共用一对电极。
根据本发明的再一方面，提供了一种显示装置，可以包括：上述显示面板；以及第一驱动电路，用于向显示面板的每一个子像素发送数据信号；第二驱动电路，用于向显示面板的每一个子像素发送扫描信号。
根据本发明的一个方面，提供了一种显示装置的子像素的渲染方法，显示面板中的子像素的排列方式定义了输出显示格式；该子像素的渲染方法包括：接收第一格式的输入图像数据，以供以所述输出显示格式使得显示装置渲染；基于输入图像数据执行子像素渲染操作，以产生所述显示面板上每个子像素的亮度值；向显示面板的每一个子像素发送信号，其中对强子像素进行渲染包括：获得输入图像数据的相关联的两个像素的每个的颜色数值中与该强子像素的颜色对应的颜色数值；将该两个对应的颜色数值相加结果作为该强子像素的颜色数值。
根据本发明的一种显示面板，由像素按多行多列排列组成，每个像素由至少三种不同原色的强子像素排列组成；每个像素内的强子像素为本像素以及其行方向上的相邻像素共享，且亮度由与本像素和所述相邻像素的对应的图像数据中的对应颜色子像素数据共同决定。
该根据本发明实施例的显示技术，使得显示装置在获得高像素密度的同时，保持很好的色彩还原能力和较低的能耗。
附图说明
从下面结合附图对本发明实施例的详细描述中，本发明的这些和/或其它方面和优点将变得更加清楚并更容易理解，其中：
图1(a)和图1(b)示出了根据本发明实施例的显示面板中的三原色RGB子像素的两个示例性重排方案。
图2(a)和(b)示意性示出了背光彩色显示屏的显示面板中的两种同色子像素合并形成强子像素的实例，分别对应于对图1(a)和图1(b)的子像素重排方案进行同色子像素合并后的结果。
图3(a)和(b)示意性示出了主动发光彩色显示屏的显示面板中的两种同色子像素合并形成强子像素的实例，分别对应于对图1(a)和图1(b)的子像素重排方案进行同色子像素合并后的结果。
图4示出了根据本发明实施例的显示装置100的配置框图。
图5(a)-(d)示出了传统的显示器的从图像数据到面板显示的原理图。
图6(a)-(d)示出了根据本发明实施例的从图像数据到面板显示的原理图。
图7示出了由RGB子像素组成的正方形像素的示意图。
图8示出了传统的多个像素重复排列形成彩色显示屏示意图。
图9示出了传统的三星公司制造的Pentile RGBW彩色显示屏示意图。
图10示出了传统的三星公司制造的Pentile RGBG彩色显示屏示意图。
图11示出了传统的三星公司制造的S-Strip彩色显示屏示意图。
图12示出了三星公司的彩色显示屏相关技术示意图。
图13示出了传统的一般彩色显示器的工作原理。
图14示出了本发明人的在先国际申请中的同一行内同色子像素合并后形成强子像素的新型彩色显示装置，图中较宽的子像素为强子像素。
图15中同一行内同色子像素合并后形成强子像素的新型彩色显示装置，图中带点状花纹的子像素为强子像素。
图16示出了单子像素(或者说像素即子像素)彩色显示装置。
图17(a)、17(b)和17(c)示出了几种子像素合并方法示例。
图18示出了相邻子像素合并导致相邻像素合并的方法示例。
具体实施方式
为了使本领域技术人员更好地理解本发明，下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细说明。
首先，说明本文中一些术语的含义。
术语“像素”，又称画素，为图像显示的基本单位，译自英文“pixel”，pix是英语单词picture的常用简写，加上英语单词“元素”element，就得到pixel，故“像素”表示“图像元素”之意。每个像素可有各自的颜色值，因而有了对应的“子像素”概念，例如像素可采三原色显示，因而又分成红、绿、蓝三种子像素(RGB色域)，或者可采用青、品红、黄和黑四种子像素(CMYK色域，印刷行业以及打印机中常见)，或者还可采用红、绿、蓝、白四种子像素(RGBW色域)，或者采用更多的原色表示。
术语“原色”(也称为“基色”)表示重复的子像素群组中的每一种颜色，例如RGB子像素中的红色(R)、绿色(G)、蓝色(B)被称为三原色，RGBW子像素中的红色(R)、绿色(G)、蓝色(B)、白色(W)也是原色。
本文中术语“相邻的像素对之间”，是指在像素组中按照像素排列的顺序，顺次由两个像素组成像素对，各个像素对之间不存在重复的像素，将描述在这样相邻的像素对之间的情况。例如，在如后文将描述的例子中，四原色八元像素组“P1 P2 P3 P4 P4 P1 P2 P3 P3 P4 P1 P2 P2 P3 P4 P1”中，按照从左至右的顺序，第一个像素包含子像素P1 P2，第二像素包含子像素P3 P4，第三个像素包含子像素P4 P1，第四个像素包含子像素P2 P3，类推直至第八个像素包含子像素P4 P1。其中第一、第二像素，第三、第四像素，第五、第六像素，第七、第八像素顺次两两组成像素对。每个像素对内包含P1、P2、P3、P4四个原色子像素。这里第一像素对由第一、第二像素组成，第二像素对由第三、第四像素组成，第三像素对由第五、第六像素组成，第四像素对由第七、第八像素组成；而并不存在由第二像素和第三像素组成的像素对、由第四像素和第第五像素组成的像素对，等等。
后续示例中，将主要以子像素种类为RGB子像素的情况为例进行描述，不过本发明并不局限于此，子像素(原色)的种类和数目可以不同。
相同发明人陶霖密先生的在先申请1(PCT国际申请号:PCT/CN2014/086036；公开号：WO2016033803 A1)和在先申请2(PCT国 际申请号PCT/CN2016/113509)通过引用并入本文，如同其全文都在本文中记录了一样。
一般地，像素重复排列形成彩色显示屏，重复排列的方法有多种，可以包括行间同色排列和行间异色排列。行间同色排列是指各行之间的相应位置的子像素的颜色是相同的，行间异色排列是指各行之间的相应位置的子像素的颜色存在不同。
对于根据本发明实施例的彩色显示屏，无论是行间同色还是行间异色排列，其共同特征是，经过本发明的子像素重排后同一行内任意两个相邻的像素之间相邻的两个子像素的颜色相同，且任一子像素均具有相邻的同色子像素；以及将相邻的两个子像素合并为强子像素，共用电极，由此将扫描线减半。所述的相邻像素的相邻子像素颜色相同，增加了所显示颜色的饱和度，使得本发明提出的彩色显示屏比现有的彩色显示屏具有更高的颜色饱和度，显示的颜色更加鲜艳，层次更加丰富；任一子像素(除个别边界子像素之外)均具有相邻像素内的相邻同色子像素，合并为强子像素，由此直接降低线路数量，直接降低了显示面板的制造成本。新型彩色显示器能够具有更高的发光效率，更小的像素面积，更少的驱动线路。所有这些技术进步，一方面可用于提供显示屏的像素密度，制造低成本的高像素密度的彩色显示装置，另一方面，可用于制造更节能，更低成本的彩色显示器。
为了更好地理解本发明，先简单地介绍一般彩色显示器的工作原理。如图13所示，彩色显示装置的每一个像素都由红、绿、蓝三个子像素所组成。每一个子像素都由一对电极驱动，由扫描电路所控制。子像素一般为长方形，三个子像素所组成的像素为正方形。三色子像素按行、列重复排列，形成具有多个像素的彩色显示装置。
彩色显示装置在显示一幅彩色数字图像时，先获取待显示图像的每一个像素的红、绿、蓝三色值。然后，显示装置的驱动将获取到的三色值转化为电压值，通过扫描控制器分别加载到显示屏对应像素的红、绿、蓝三色子像素上，从而实现彩色显示。
根据视觉原理和显示装置的原理，陶霖密发明了相邻子像素合并形成强子像素的新型显示装置，参见图14，图15,图14中同一行内同色子像素合并后形成强子像素的新型彩色显示装置，图中较宽的子像素为强子像素；图15中同一行内同色子像素合并后形成强子像素的新型彩色显示装置，图中带 点状花纹的子像素为强子像素。更具体地见在先申请1(PCT国际申请号:PCT/CN2014/086036；公开号：WO2016033803 A1)，提高了显示装置的开口率，提高了光源的利用率，降低了系统的复杂度。在此基础上，陶霖密进一步发明了只有一个子像素的显示装置，参见图16，图16示出了单子像素(或者说像素即子像素)彩色显示装置，图中每一个红绿蓝方块表示一个像素，更具体地见在先申请2(PCT国际申请号PCT/CN2016/113509)，更进一步提高了光源的利用率，降低了系统的复杂度(图16)。但是，在图14和图15所述的基于强子像素的新型显示装置中，依然存在着传统意义上的子像素，使得该发明的新型显示装置每个像素的子像素数量从三减少为二，即降低了三分之一。在上述发明基础上，本发明通过重排子像素使得任一子像素都具有相邻的同色子像素，然后合并为强子像素，从而进一步降低了电极和线路的数量，提高基于强子像素的显示装置的开口率，降低显示装置的复杂度。
下面结合本发明具体实施例来描述本公开的技术方案。
为便于本领域技术人员理解，对照现有技术的图8或图13的子像素排列情况，下面按照子像素重排和合并两步骤来描述本发明的具体实施例。
A：子像素重排
根据本发明的一个具体实施例，提供了一种显示面板，由像素重复组成，每个像素由三种不同原色的子像素组成，子像素按照特定的排列规则排列，其中每个像素中三个子像素中的每个与两个相邻像素中的一个的相邻子像素之间的颜色相同。
在一个示例中，子像素重排后，各子像素的面积不变，依然是各三分之一。三原色的子像素共同组成一个正方形的像素。此为优选示例，这样得出的显示屏显示自然，当然如果有特殊需要，像素也可以布置为不是正方形的；以及如果有特殊需要，各子像素的面积可以更多或更少。
本发明实施例的子像素重排的重点是，子像素重排后，每个像素的三个子像素均与其相邻像素的相邻子像素同色。先而前发明中，每个像素中至多只有两个子像素与其相邻像素的相邻子像素同色。本发明和前发明两者之间有本质的区别。
本发明实施例的显示面板，通过使得相邻像素的相邻子像素的颜色相同，能够增加所显示颜色的饱和度，显示的颜色更加鲜艳，层次更加丰富。
图1(a)和图1(b)示出了根据本发明实施例的三原色RGB子像素的两个示 例性重排方案。如图1(a)所示，显示面板由多个像素按照多行多列排列组成，在图示的示例中，每行像素连接有扫描线S，每列像素连接有数据线D。
如图1(a_)所示，像素P1具有绿色子像素P11、蓝色子像素P12、红色子像素P13；像素P2具有绿色子像素P21、蓝色子像素P22、红色子像素P23；像素P3具有绿色子像素P31、蓝色子像素P32、红色子像素P33。像素P1沿行方向与像素P2和P3相邻。
可见像素P1的子像素排列与相邻像素P2的子像素排列沿行方向镜像对称，像素P1的子像素排列与相邻像素P3的子像素排列沿行方向镜像对称，且像素P1的每个子像素P11、P12、P13与相邻像素的同色子像素相邻，具体地，P1的绿色子像素P11与P2的绿色子像素P21相邻；P1的蓝色子像素P12与P3的蓝色子像素P31相邻；P1的红色子像素P13与P3的红色子像素P33相邻。
由图1(a)可见，除了处于边界的像素例如P2外，沿行方向，基本所有像素的子像素均具有同色子像素与其相邻。为了达成此目的，至少某个子像素与其它子像素的至少部分是交叉(垂直)布置的，例如P1的绿色子像素P11的布置方向是竖着的，而P1的蓝色子像素P12和红色子像素是横着放置的，绿色子像素P11的摆放方向与蓝色子像素P12和红色子像素P13是交叉的(垂直的)，蓝色子像素P12和红色子像素P13沿列方向是叠置的。
图1(b)示出了根据本发明实施例的三原色RGB子像素的另一种重排列方式，其与图1(a)的不同在于，红色子像素是竖着放置的，而蓝色子像素和绿色子像素是横着放置的。
B：同色子像素合并
仍以图1(a)和(b)经上述子像素重排后的彩色显示装置内，同一行内每个像素的三个子像素与其相邻像素的相邻子像素的颜色相同。考虑到目前彩色显示屏的像素密度(单位面积内像素的数量)非常高，尤其是移动设备的彩色显示屏，像素密度更是远超人眼的分辨率。苹果公司所谓的视网膜屏，就是指其显示屏的像素密度高，超过了人类视网膜的分辨率。
既然人眼不能分辨彩色显示屏上的像素，那当然更不能分辨其子像素。基于这个事实，本发明实施例的技术方案将同一行内，所有相邻的同色子像素合并，形成强子像素。
在一个示例中，强子像素的亮度或发光强度为原相邻的两个子像素(由该两个子像素合并得到该强子像素)的亮度之和。
优选地，相邻的同色子像素合并需要满足两个条件：(1)其发光强度为被合并的两个同色子像素的亮度之和，且(2)三色强子像素所组成的像素依然是正方形的。通过设置这样的条件，能够获得下述好处：(1)两个子像素合并前后，其发光强度没有变化，因此合并后，强子像素的亮度是合并前两个子像素的亮度和。两个子像素合并前后，所发的光的混合方式发生了变化。即两个子像素合并前，独立所发出的光，由于人眼的分辨率的限制，在空间中混合后被人眼所接收。两个子像素合并后，两个子像素的光在强子像素的层次上混合，然后被人眼所接收。由于人眼分辨率的限制，人眼并不能区分是两个独立子像素发的光，还是一个强子像素所发的光；(2)像素依然是正方形的，是指子像素合并前后，只改变子像素的形状，但并不改变像素的形状。
根据彩色显示器的发光原理不同，我们将显示器分为主动发光单元彩色显示器(如LED，OLED显示器等)和背光彩色显示器(如液晶显示器)两种，本发明的具体实施方式分别举例说明如下。
B.1:背光彩色显示器
液晶显示器等背光显示器的特点是其背光是恒定亮度的光源，其子像素的亮度通过调整液晶的透光率来实现。因此，液晶类彩色显示器，其同色子像素合并后，强子像素的面积为原子像素的两倍，以保证强子像素的最大亮度为原子像素的最大亮度的两倍，即强子像素的亮度为被合并的两个相邻同色子像素的和。
如前所述，相邻的同色子像素合并需要满足两个条件：(1)其发光强度为被合并的两个同色子像素的亮度之和，且(2)三色强子像素所组成的像素依然是正方形的。相应地，强子像素的像素值为被合并的两个相邻同色子像素的像素值的均值，其驱动电压也是被合并的两个相邻同色子像素的电压值的均值。
图2(a)和(b)示意性示出了显示面板中的两种同色子像素合并形成强子像素的实例，分别对应于对图1(a)和图1(b)的子像素重排方案进行同色子像素合并后的结果。
由图2(a)和(b)可见，每个像素内的强子像素为本像素以及其行方向上的相邻像素共享。
此外，由图2(a)和(b)可见，同色子像素合并后，背光型彩色显示装置器驱动线路减少了二分之一，直接降低了显示屏的制造成本。同时，子像素数量的减少，面积的变大，也有利于液晶面板的制造，提高其成品率。以及，其同色子像素合并后，节省了子像素之间的黑色间隔，增加了显示屏的透光率(开口率)，提高了光源的利用效率，具有很好的节能效果。合并后，子像素之间的间隔消失，能更进一步提高显示屏的像素密度。
在PMOLED、LCD等被动发光彩色显示屏中，通过增加强子像素所对应的发光单元的面积，来实现强子像素。在这种情况下，强子像素的面积是原子像素的两倍，其亮度也是原相邻的两个同色子像素的亮度之和。
优选地，由于去除了两个相邻同色子像素之间的黑色间隔，强子像素的发光效率提高，其面积一般小于两个子像素之和。因此，像素的高度也需要作调整，使得每个像素依然是正方形。
B.2:主动发光彩色显示器
主动发光彩色显示器也可以和液晶等背光显示器一样，通过增加强子像素的面积来合并同色子像素。或主动发光彩色显示器可增加强子像素的发光强度来合并同色子像素。
如前所述，相邻的同色子像素合并需要满足两个条件：(1)其发光强度为被合并的两个同色子像素的亮度之和，且(2)三色强子像素所组成的像素依然是正方形的。
如图3(a)和图3(b)所示，合并后的强子像素由带白色花纹的三色块来表示，其亮度为被合并的相邻的两个同色子像素的亮度之和。显然，合并后彩色显示装置器驱动线路减少了二分之一，直接降低了显示屏的制造成本。同时，合并后每个像素的发光效率提高，面积缩小，有利于提高显示屏的像素密度。
在AMOLED、LED等主动发光彩色显示屏中，可以通过增加强子像素所对应的发光单元的发光强度，来实现强子像素。例如，强子像素的面积可以和普通子像素一样，但其形状为如图3(a)、(b)所示的强子像素的新形状，使得每个像素依然是正方形。强子像素的亮度或其发光强度为原相邻的两个同色子像素之和。
由图3(a)和(b)可见，每个像素内的强子像素为本像素以及其行方向上的相邻像素共享。
上述结合图1(a)、(b)、图2(a)、(b)和图3(a)、(b)描述的两个具体实施例的彩色显示器的特征是：(1)子像素重排后，显示装置的同一行内任意两个相邻的像素之间相邻的子像素的颜色相同，且任一像素的三个子像素均具有相邻像素的相邻同色子像素；(2)相邻像素的两个相邻的同色子像素被合并为强子像素。如上所述，每个像素的所有三个子像素均有相邻同色子像素，因此，合并后，任一像素的三个子像素均成为强子像素。在强子像素中消除了黑色间隔。所述相邻同色子像素或强子像素增加了所显示颜色的饱和度，使得本发明实施例的彩色显示屏比现有的彩色显示屏具有更高的颜色饱和度，显示的颜色更加鲜艳，层次更加丰富；而且所述强子像素提高了光源的利用率，降低了彩色显示器的功耗。相应地，子像素的宽高比也需要作调整，使得每个像素依然是正方形。
利用根据本发明实施例的彩色显示器中，每一行的强子像素的数量是合并前子像素数量的一半，从而使得本实施例的彩色显示器的行扫描频率，降为原相同像素数的彩色显示器的一半，从而大幅降低了高像素密度的彩色显示器的制造成本。
图1(a)和图1(b)示出了RGB三原色子像素情况下的子像素重排方案，不过此为示例，而不是限制，子像素重排方案可以不同于上面的，以及子像素原色的个数可以更多，例如为四原色，红色、蓝色、绿色、白色。在四原色的情况下，可以是一个子像素竖着放置，另三个子像素横着放置；也可以是两个子像素横着放置且叠置，其余两个子像素也横着叠置，而前两个子像素与后两个子像素之间沿列方向平行。
优选地，一个像素内的所有子像素包括了所有原色的子像素，这可以避免显示的图像偏色，保证显示质量。
需要说明的是，在本文中，虽然使用了说法“所有子像素均为强子像素”，但发明人清楚也提醒本领域技术人员如下事实：存在如下特例：显示屏边界处某些子像素可能不是强子像素。
作为示例，显示面板可以是液晶显示面板、发射式电致发光显示面板、等离子显示面板、场致发射显示面板、电泳显示面板、闪光显示面板、白炽显示面板、发光二极管显示面板、以及有机发光二极管显示面板等。
此外，原色或基色的数目和种类可以根据需要进行设计，例如除了红色、绿色、蓝色的三原色外，还可以选择红色、绿色、蓝色、白色的四原色，以及还可以包括其他的原色，例如青色、洋红色等等。
图4示出了根据本发明实施例的显示装置100的配置框图，该配置框图仅示出了与本发明实施例密切相关的部件，该配置并非限制性的，也非穷尽性的，而是还可以包括其他部件。
如图4所示，显示装置100可以包括输入图像接收部件110、子像素渲染部件120、驱动部件130和显示面板140。
输入图像接收部件110用于接收第一格式的输入图像数据，以供以所述输出显示格式使得显示装置渲染。输入图像数据的格式可以为常规的三色“全像素”RGB格式，也可以为其它的sRGB、YCbCr、RGBW格式等等，输出显示格式由显示屏中子像素的布局决定。在输入图像数据的颜色空间与输出的颜色空间不同的情况下，输入图像接收部件110可以包括对输入图像数据进行色域映射的功能，例如，如果输入数据为RGB格式，要在RGBW显示面板上进行渲染，则需要进行色域映射操作，以便利用面板上的W原色。当然，取代将这样的色域映射功能并入输入数据接收部件110，这样的色域映射功能也可以由独立于映射数据接收部件110的其它部件或者专门的色域映射部件来实现。
子像素渲染部件120用于基于输入图像数据(包括经过例如色域映射处理的输入图像数据)执行子像素渲染操作，以产生所述显示面板上每个子像素的亮度值。基于这样的亮度值，驱动部件130向显示面板的每一个子像素发送信号，从而实现第一格式的输入图像数据以令观察者愉悦的方式显示在显示面板上。即，子像素渲染(rendering)操作为显示面板上的每个子像素提供亮度值。
显示面板140可以为例如上面描述的本发明实施例的显示面板，其由像素按多行多列排列组成，每行像素对应于例如一条扫描线，每列像素对应于例如一条数据线，每个像素由至少三种不同原色的子像素排列组成；每个像素内的子像素的排列方式与在行方向上相邻的两个像素的每个的子像素排列方式在行方向上镜像对称，且每个像素内的任一子像素在相邻像素中都具有在行方向上相邻的同色子像素；其中上述相邻像素的每两个相邻同色子像素被合并为一个强子像素，共用一对电极。该实施例的显示屏中强子像素的排 列方式和渲染方法的结合使得显示装置具有高像素密度、低线路数量、低能耗、强颜色还原能力的优势。
下面描述根据本发明实施例的子像素亮度的确定方法示例。
作为对比，首先描述传统的显示器的子像素亮度的确定方法。
图5(a)-(d)示出了传统的显示器的从图像数据到面板显示的原理图，其中图5(a)示出了具有多个像素的一幅彩色图像的部分输入图像数据；其中Pij表示第i行第列的像素的部分输入图像数据，i和j为大于等于0的整数；图5(b)具体示出图5(a)所示图像中的6个像素P0-P5的颜色值，分别为(R0G0,B0),…,(R5G5,B5)；图5(c)示出了传统RGB显示器直接根据图5(b)的数值显示图像，即显示器上一个像素的子像素的颜色值直接对应于图像上的对应像素中的子像素的颜色值；图5(d)示出了传统RGBG显示器只根据图5(b)中的部分数值显示图像，例如对于输入图像的第一列像素数据，其对应于图5(d)中的显示面板的左起的第一列和第二列的R0和G0列子像素，从而丢弃了对应输入像素数据中的B0颜色值；对于输入图像的第二列像素数据，其对应于图5(d)中的显示面板的左起的第三列和第四列的B1和G1列子像素，从而丢弃了对应输入像素数据中的R1颜色值；如此等等。
图6(a)-(d)示出了根据本发明实施例的从图像数据到面板显示的原理图，其中图6(a)示出了具有多个像素的一幅彩色图像的部分输入图像数据；其中Pij表示第i行第j列的像素的输入图像数据，i和j为大于等于0的整数；图6(b)具体示出图6(a)所示图像中的6个像素P0-P5的颜色值，分别为(R0,G0,B0),…,(R5,G5,B5)；其颜色值为(R0,G0,B0),…,(R5,G5,B5)；图6(c)示出了根据图2(b)和图3(b)中子像素的排列方式，从相邻的、颜色相同的、两个子像素的颜色数值之和计算强子像素的颜色值。具体地，由输入图像数据中的第一个像素P0的红色亮度值R0和P0之前的像素(称之为P.)的红色亮度值(称之为R.)相加来得到显示面板上的第一列的红色强子像素的亮度值；接着，用输入图像数据中的第一个像素P0的绿色亮度值G0和第二个像素P1的绿色亮度值G1相加来得到显示面板的第二列上的绿色强子像素的亮度值；同样，用输入图像数据中的第一个像素P0的蓝色亮度值B0和第二个像素P1的蓝色亮度值B1相加来得到显示面板的第二列下的蓝色强子像素的亮度值；接下来，用输入图像数据中的第二个像素P1的红色亮度值R1和第 三个像素P2的红色亮度值R2相加来得到显示面板的第三列的红色强子像素的亮度值，等等。图6(d)示出了将图6(c)计算后的值发送到显示面板上显示。
本发明的创新点为(1)子像素的重排使得所有像素的所有子像素均有其相邻的同色子像素，以及(2)相邻像素的相邻同色子像素合并形成强子像素，且所有像素的所有子像素均形成强子像素。本发明直接降低了显示面板线路的复杂度，直接降低了显示面板的制造成本。新型彩色显示器能够具有更高的发光效率，更小的像素面积，更少的驱动线路。所有这些技术进步，一方面可用于提高显示屏的像素密度，制造低成本的高像素密度的彩色显示装置，另一方面，可用于制造更节能，更低成本的彩色显示器。
本发明是彩色显示装置领域的基础发明，可以应用于所有的彩色显示装置。本发明能够冲破国外厂家的专利壁垒，为中国屏厂开辟了广阔的前景。
以上已经描述了本发明的各实施例，上述说明是示例性的，并非穷尽性的，并且也不限于所披露的各实施例。在不偏离所说明的各实施例的范围和精神的情况下，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说各种组合、次组合、修改和变更都是显而易见的。因此，本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (23)

  1. 一种显示面板，由像素按多行多列排列组成，
    每个像素由至少三种不同原色的子像素排列组成，每个像素至少含第一色子像素、第二色子像素、第三色子像素；第二色子像素和第三色子像素沿列方向叠置；
    其中，第一像素P1沿行方向与第二像素P2和第三像素P3相邻，第一像素P1的第一色子像素SP11与第二像素P2的同色子像素SP21沿行方向相邻；第一像素P1的第二色子像素SP12与第三像素P3的同色子像素SP32沿行方向相邻，第一像素P1的第三色子像素SP13与第三像素P3的同色子像素SP33沿行方向相邻，
    其中上述相邻像素的每两个相邻同色子像素被合并为一个强子像素，共用一对电极。
  2. 根据权利要求1的显示面板，所述每个像素呈正方形。
  3. 根据权利要求1的显示面板，每个子像素的面积是像素面积的三分之一。
  4. 根据权利要求1的显示面板，每个像素还包括第四色子像素，其中第二、第三、第四子像素沿列方向叠置，其中第一像素P1的第四色子像素SP14与第三像素P3的同色子像素SP34沿行方向相邻。
  5. 根据权利要求1的显示面板，每个像素还包括第四色子像素，其中第二、第三子像素沿列方向叠置，第一、第四子像素沿列方向叠置，叠置在一起的第二、第三子像素与叠置在一起的第一、第四子像素沿列方向平行，其中第一像素P1的第四色子像素SP14与第二像素P2的同色子像素SP24沿行方向相邻。
  6. 根据权利要求1的显示面板，该合并得到的强子像素中不存在黑色间隔，且其亮度大于被合并的原同色子像素的任一个的亮度。
  7. 根据权利要求1的显示面板，每个像素中的子像素包括了所有原色的子像素，且各原色子像素在像素组中所占的比例相同。
  8. 根据权利要求1的显示面板，其中合并得到的强子像素的发光强度为被合并的两个同色子像素的发光强度之和。
  9. 根据权利要求1到7任一项的显示面板，其中，
    合并得到的强子像素的发光强度为被合并的两个同色子像素的亮度之和；像素是正方形的。
  10. 根据权利要求1到7任一项的显示面板，其中，
    在显示面板为主动发光显示面板的情况下，强子像素的面积和其它子像素的面积相同；以及
    在显示面板为被动发光显示面板的情况下，合并得到的强子像素的面积大于其它子像素的面积。
  11. 根据权利要求10的显示面板，在显示面板为被动发光显示面板的情况下，合并得到的强子像素的面积基本上为被合并的同色子像素对的面积之和。
  12. 根据权利要求1到7任一项的显示面板，其中所述第一色、第二色、第三色分别为红色、绿色、蓝色之一。
  13. 根据权利要求1到7任一项的显示面板，所述显示面板是液晶显示面板、发射式电致发光显示面板、等离子显示面板、场致发射显示面板、电泳显示面板、闪光显示面板、白炽显示面板、发光二极管显示面板、以及有机发光二极管显示面板中的一种。
  14. 一种显示面板，由像素按多行多列排列组成，每个像素由至少三种不同原色的子像素排列组成；
    每个像素内的子像素的排列方式与在行方向上相邻的两个像素的每个的子像素排列方式在行方向上镜像对称，且每个像素内的任一子像素在相邻像素中都具有在行方向上相邻的同色子像素；
    其中上述相邻像素的每两个相邻同色子像素被合并为一个强子像素，共用一对电极。
  15. 根据权利要求14的显示面板，其中，
    合并得到的强子像素的发光强度为被合并的两个同色子像素的亮度之和；像素是正方形的。
  16. 一种显示装置，包括：
    如权利要求1到15任一项所述的显示面板；以及
    第一驱动电路，用于向显示面板的每一个子像素发送数据信号；
    第二驱动电路，用于向显示面板的每一个子像素发送扫描信号。
  17. 根据权利要求16的显示装置，其中像素中的子像素的排列方式定义 了输出显示格式，该显示装置还包括：
    输入图像接收部件，用于接收第一格式的输入图像数据，以供以所述输出显示格式使得显示装置渲染；以及
    子像素渲染部件，用于基于输入图像数据执行子像素渲染操作，以产生所述显示面板上每个子像素的亮度值。
  18. 根据权利要求17的显示装置，其中所述输入图像数据为每个像素的RGB颜色值的格式，
    对于强子像素，该子像素渲染部件基于与该强子像素相关联的两个像素的RGB颜色值中的相应颜色的亮度值，而计算得到该强子像素的亮度值。
  19. 根据权利要求18的显示装置，计算与该强子像素相关联的两个像素的RGB颜色值中的相应颜色的亮度值的和，作为所述强子像素的亮度值。
  20. 根据权利要求16到19任一项的显示装置，所述显示面板是液晶显示面板、发射式电致发光显示面板、等离子显示面板、场致发射显示面板、电泳显示面板、闪光显示面板、白炽显示面板、发光二极管显示面板、以及有机发光二极管显示面板中的一种。
  21. 一种权利要求16到20任一项所述的显示装置的子像素的渲染方法，
    显示面板中的子像素的排列方式定义了输出显示格式；
    该子像素的渲染方法包括：
    接收第一格式的输入图像数据，以供以所述输出显示格式使得显示装置渲染；
    基于输入图像数据执行子像素渲染操作，以产生所述显示面板上每个子像素的亮度值；
    向显示面板的每一个子像素发送信号，
    其中对强子像素进行渲染包括：获得输入图像数据的相关联的两个像素的每个的颜色数值中与该强子像素的颜色对应的颜色数值；将该两个对应的颜色数值相加结果作为该强子像素的颜色数值。
  22. 一种显示面板，由像素按多行多列排列组成，每个像素由至少三种不同原色的强子像素排列组成；
    每个像素内的强子像素为本像素以及其行方向上的相邻像素共享，且亮度由与本像素和所述相邻像素的对应的图像数据中的对应颜色子像素数据共同决定。
  23. 根据权利要求22的显示面板，每个像素内的所述强子像素中至少一个强子像素与其它强子像素中的至少部分交叉排列。
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