WO2019174986A1 - Procédé et dispositif d'extrusion de particules de polymère très fines - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif d'extrusion de particules de polymère très fines Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019174986A1
WO2019174986A1 PCT/EP2019/055533 EP2019055533W WO2019174986A1 WO 2019174986 A1 WO2019174986 A1 WO 2019174986A1 EP 2019055533 W EP2019055533 W EP 2019055533W WO 2019174986 A1 WO2019174986 A1 WO 2019174986A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
melt
capillary
range
air
nozzle
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2019/055533
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Günter SCHÜTT
Original Assignee
Oerlikon Textile Gmbh & Co. Kg
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Oerlikon Textile Gmbh & Co. Kg filed Critical Oerlikon Textile Gmbh & Co. Kg
Publication of WO2019174986A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019174986A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/001—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations
    • B29C48/0022—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations combined with cutting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2/00—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic
    • B01J2/02—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic by dividing the liquid material into drops, e.g. by spraying, and solidifying the drops
    • B01J2/04—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic by dividing the liquid material into drops, e.g. by spraying, and solidifying the drops in a gaseous medium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2/00—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic
    • B01J2/20—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic by expressing the material, e.g. through sieves and fragmenting the extruded length
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/58—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29B7/582—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations for discharging, e.g. doors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B9/00—Making granules
    • B29B9/10—Making granules by moulding the material, i.e. treating it in the molten state
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B9/00—Making granules
    • B29B9/12—Making granules characterised by structure or composition
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/001—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations
    • B29C48/0018—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations combined with shaping by orienting, stretching or shrinking, e.g. film blowing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/022—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/04—Particle-shaped
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/05—Filamentary, e.g. strands
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/30—Extrusion nozzles or dies
    • B29C48/345—Extrusion nozzles comprising two or more adjacently arranged ports, for simultaneously extruding multiple strands, e.g. for pelletising
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D4/00—Spinnerette packs; Cleaning thereof
    • D01D4/02—Spinnerettes
    • D01D4/025—Melt-blowing or solution-blowing dies
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/08—Melt spinning methods
    • D01D5/098—Melt spinning methods with simultaneous stretching
    • D01D5/0985—Melt spinning methods with simultaneous stretching by means of a flowing gas (e.g. melt-blowing)
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B9/00—Making granules
    • B29B9/12—Making granules characterised by structure or composition
    • B29B2009/125—Micropellets, microgranules, microparticles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/0094—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped having particular viscosity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
    • B29K2995/0037—Other properties
    • B29K2995/005—Oriented
    • B29K2995/0051—Oriented mono-axially

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for extruding the finest polymer particles according to the preamble of claim 1 and to an apparatus for carrying out the method according to the preamble of claim 7.
  • ultrafine polymer particles in the form of powder are increasingly needed.
  • the preparation of the polymer particles can be carried out by grinding a coarse-grained granules or by direct granulation in an extrusion process. Previously, such microgranulations were only suitable for producing larger polymer particles in the range of above 500 .mu.m.
  • the production of finest polymer particles is industrially still produced by grinding plastics. However, recent studies have shown that fine polymer particles ⁇ 500 pm can also be produced directly by extrusion of a melt.
  • US Pat. No. 9,321,207 B2 discloses a method and a device for extruding the finest polymer particles, in which a polymer melt is pressed under an overpressure through at least one capillary having a nozzle opening. At the nozzle opening of the capillary, a hot process air is directed directly onto an extrudate emerging from the nozzle opening and thereby divided into polymer particles. Thus, polymer particles in the range of 65 pm to 400 pm could be generated. However, it was observed that the polymer particles varied in size. For the further processing of such polymer particles, however, the greatest possible uniform size is desired. It is therefore an object of the invention to improve the generic method and the generic device for extruding the finest polymer particles such that the polymer particles are produced with the most uniform particle size.
  • Another object of the invention is to ensure the reproducibility of the preparation of polymer particles in the generic method and the generic device.
  • the invention has recognized that the melt flowability of the polymer melt and the formation of the capillary together significantly influence the behavior for breaking the extrudate.
  • the melt flowability of a polymer melt gives an indication of the degree of polymerization or reference to the chain length of the molecular structure.
  • the capillary for guiding the polymer melt requires a residence time during which orientation of the molecular chains takes place.
  • the length of the capillary and the melt flowability have a significant influence on the state in which the extrudate exits at the nozzle opening when the process air acts.
  • the polymer melt is therefore mixed according to the invention with a melt flowability, which corresponds to an MFI (melt flow index) in the range of 2 g / lOmin to 20 g / lOmin, and through the capillary having a mean inner diameter d and a length in the range of 0.8 d to 15 d pressed.
  • MFI melt flow index
  • the MFI value which is determined according to DIN EN ISO 1133, indicates the mass of molten polymer which has been released by a standardized nozzle for 10 minutes at a certain temperature and under a certain force acting on the melt - presses.
  • the MFI value is thus a technological parameter dependent on agreed test conditions for the estimation of the flow behavior of the polymer melt.
  • the range of 2 g / 10 min to 20 g / min corresponds to a readily flowing extrusion mass, as used for example in injection molding.
  • the capillary for guiding the polymer melt can be slightly conical in this case.
  • the method variant has proved successful in which the polymer melt is forced through the cylindrically shaped capillary with a round nozzle opening and wherein a diameter of the nozzle opening is equal to the mean inner diameter of the capillary.
  • the cylindrically shaped capillary also favors the alignment of the molecular chains within the polymer melt.
  • the process variant in which the polymer melt is supplied to the capillary via a melt channel and in which the capillary emits off-center in the melt channel has proven particularly useful.
  • the irregularities formed in the melt guide promote a separation behavior of the extrudate.
  • the device according to the invention is designed in such a way that the capillary and the melt channel form an eccentricity in the range from 0.1 mm to 2 mm off-center. This asymmetric deflection of the polymer melt during the transition from the melt channel into the capillary promotes a separation behavior of the extrudate during the production of the particles. In this case, this effect can be further improved by the melt channel is limited at the end to the capillary through a flat bottom.
  • the process air is an essential parameter which is generated directly below the nozzle opening with a defined air stagnation.
  • the process variant is preferably carried out, in which the process air is generated by at least one air gap with a gap opening in the range of 0.5 mm to 3 mm and directed with a flow angle in the range of 30 ° to 45 ° to the extrudate.
  • the gap opening depends essentially on the order of magnitude of the polymer particles to be produced.
  • the device according to the invention is embodied such that the air gap is delimited by opposite channel walls, which in each case form a flow angle in the range of 30 ° to 45 ° relative to a central axis of the capillary.
  • the gap opening is in the range of 0.5 mm to 3 mm.
  • the airflow of the process air can differ in different ways. Licher way to be executed. Thus it is possible to direct the process air from two long sides to the extrudate. Alternatively, however, the method variant is preferred in which the process air is directed radially flushing onto the extrudate, so that an all-sided loading of the extrudate occurs.
  • the device according to the invention has an air gap circulating radially around the capillary or an air gap formed mirror-symmetrically opposite the capillary.
  • the polymer melt In order to produce a high number of polymer particles, it is necessary that the polymer melt be passed through a plurality of capillaries and extruded through orifices. In this case, however, it has been found that the density of the capillary or the density of the nozzle openings must include certain minimum distances between the nozzle openings so as not to interfere with the air flows. The polymer melt is therefore forced through a plurality of capillaries formed side by side whose nozzle openings have a center distance of at least 5 mm. This avoids mutual interference when dividing the extrudate.
  • the method according to the invention and the device according to the invention are thus particularly suitable for producing the finest polymer particles of uniform size in the range of ⁇ 500 ⁇ m.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically a cross-sectional view of a first embodiment of the device according to the invention for extruding fine polymer particles
  • FIG. 2 shows schematically an enlarged detail of the embodiment of FIG. 1
  • FIG 3 shows schematically a section of a further embodiment of a device according to the invention for extruding the finest polymer particles
  • FIG. 4.2 schematically shows several views of a further embodiment of the device according to the invention for extruding fine polymer particles
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically a first embodiment of the device according to the invention for extruding the finest polymer particles, with which the method according to the invention can be carried out.
  • Fig. 1 shows only the essential components of the device, which are essential for extruding and producing the polymer particles.
  • the embodiment has a plate-shaped housing 1.
  • the housing 1 is composed of an inlet plate 1.1, a middle distribution plate 1.2 and a lower nozzle plate 1.3.
  • the plates 1.1 to 1.3 are pressure-tightly connected to each other.
  • the upper inlet plate 1.1 has a melt inlet 2, through which a polymer melt is introduced under pressure.
  • the melt inlet 2 is connected to an inner distribution chamber 3.
  • the distribution chamber 3 extends between the inlet plate 1.1 and the distribution plate 1.2.
  • the distribution plate 1.2 has a plurality of continuous distribution openings 6.1 to 6.3. At the bottom of the distribution plate 1.2 more melt nozzles 5.1 to 5.3 are held. The melt nozzles 5.1 to 5.3 are held for this purpose with an upper end in the distribution openings 6.1 to 6.3.
  • the connection between the melt nozzles 5.1 to 5.3 and the distribution openings 6.1 to 6.3 can be carried out here by a press connection or a screw connection.
  • melt nozzles 5.1 to 5.3 are held cantilevered on the distribution plate 1.2 and protrude with a free end into a respective nozzle receiving opening 11.1 to 11.2 of the lower nozzle plate 1.3.
  • the nozzle plate 1.3 has immediately below the distribution plate 1.2 an air chamber 10, which is penetrated by the melt nozzles 5.1 to 5.3.
  • the air chamber 10 extends between an underside of the distribution plate 1.2 and the nozzle receiving openings 11.1 to 11.3 and can be connected via an air channel 15 with a compressed air source.
  • the air channel 15 penetrates the distribution plate 1.2 and the inlet plate 1.1 to the upper side of the inlet plate 1.1.
  • the nozzle receiving openings 11.1 to 11.3 continue. sen an opening cross-section which is larger than the projecting melt nozzles 5.1 to 5.3.
  • an air supply channel 16 forms over the outer circumference of the melt nozzles 5.1 to 5.3.
  • the air supply channels 16 are connected to the air chamber 10.
  • an air gap 12 is formed in each case between the air supply channels 16 and a free end of the melt nozzles 5.1 to 5.3.
  • the melt nozzles 5.1 to 5.3 and the air gap 12 is taken in addition to the Fig. 2 reference.
  • FIG. 2 shows an underside 14 of the nozzle plate 1.3 in the region of one of the melt nozzles 5.1.
  • the melt nozzles 5.1 to 5.3 are of identical design, and in this case have a melt channel 7 in the upper region, which opens into the distribution opening 6.1 to 6.3 and is connected to the distribution chamber 3 via the latter.
  • a capillary 8 is formed, which penetrates the melt nozzle 5.1 to a lower side and forms a nozzle opening 9.
  • the capillary 8 has a mean diameter, which is indicated in FIG. 2 by the reference numeral d.
  • the length of the capillary 8 is indicated by the reference L.
  • the nozzle opening 9 at the end of the capillary 8 has an opening cross section which is marked D.
  • the capillary 8 is designed with a mean inner diameter in the range of 0.15 mm to 1.5 mm.
  • the size of the mean inner diameter d of the capillary 8 depends on the particle size of the polymer particles to be produced in each case.
  • the length L of the capillary 8 is selected as a function of the mean inner diameter d of the capillary 8.
  • the capillary 8 is slightly conical with an increasingly narrowing cross-section.
  • the nozzle opening 9 has a diameter D which is smaller than the mean inner diameter d of the capillary 8.
  • the capillary 8 is cylindrical.
  • the diameter D of the nozzle opening 9 would be the same size as the inner diameter d of the capillary 8.
  • the air gap 12 is formed.
  • an upper channel wall 13.1 is formed on the melt nozzle 5.1 and a lower channel wall 13.2 is formed on the nozzle receiving opening 11.1 which delimit the air gap 12 and open into the air supply channel 16.
  • an angle ⁇ is formed between a central axis of the capillary 8 and the upper channel wall 13.1.
  • the angle ⁇ in this case has a size in the range of 30 ° to 45 °.
  • the opposite channel wall 13.2 includes with the central axis of the capillary 8 at an angle a, which is also carried out in the range of 30 ° to 45 °. In the embodiment shown in FIG.
  • the air gap 12 has at its narrowest point a gap height, which is marked in FIG. 2 with the letter s.
  • the gap height s is in a range of 0.5 mm to 3 mm.
  • the air gap 12 is executed over the entire circumference of the melt nozzle 5.1. Depending on the shape, the gap height s over the entire To catch the melt nozzle 5.1 may be made equal or within a size range of different sizes.
  • the air flow generated by the air gap 12 thus impinges radially on all sides on an extrudate of the nozzle opening 9. The extrudate is lapped by the process air.
  • the melt nozzle 5.1 extends to just before the underside 14 of the nozzle plate 1.3.
  • the offset between the end of the melt nozzle 5.1 and the bottom 14 of the nozzle plate 1.3 is marked in Fig. 2 with the letter a. Offset a provides another way to affect airflow to break the extrudate.
  • an offset a in the range from 0 to 1.5 mm could be selected.
  • the melt nozzles 5.1 to 5.3 are arranged at a predetermined distance from each other, so that sets a predetermined distance between the nozzle openings 9 at the bottom of the nozzle plate 1.3.
  • the distance between adjacent melt nozzles 5.1 to 5.3 is marked with the lower case letter b.
  • the distance b forms a center distance of the adjacent nozzle openings 9 of the melt nozzles 5.2 and 5.3.
  • a minimum of center distance between adjacent nozzle openings 9 must be maintained. In this case, taking into account the order of magnitude of the air gap 12, the minimum distance of> 5 mm is required in order to obtain uniform extrusion and production of the polymer particles at each of the melt nozzles 5.1 to 5.3.
  • the melt flow index MFI is determined according to the standard DIN EN ISO 1 133 and defines the mass of molten polymer which is forced through a standardized nozzle for 10 minutes at a certain temperature and under a certain force acting on the melt.
  • the range of the MFI value of 2 g / 10 min to 20 g / 10 min represents a readily flowing extrusion mass, as is customary, for example, in the injection molding of plastics.
  • highly flowing polymer melts having an MFI in the range of 450 g / 10 min to 2,000 g / 10 min. used.
  • the polymer melt is distributed after being fed into the distribution chamber 3 via the distribution openings 6.1 and 6.3 and reaches the melt nozzles 5.1 to 5.3.
  • the polymer melt is forced via the melt channel 7 into the respective capillary 8 and exits at the nozzle opening 9 as extrudate.
  • a stream of hot process air is directed onto the exiting extrudate in order to obtain a dispersion into the finest particles.
  • the process air is heated to a temperature in the range of 180 ° C to 350 ° C.
  • the Fuftströmung lies in a range of 10 to 36 m 3 / h per nozzle bore.
  • the geometric sizes The capillary 8 and the air gap 12 and the nozzle opening 9 are adjusted to the particular particle size to be produced.
  • a melt nozzle In order to favor the cutting of the extrudate, an alternative embodiment of a melt nozzle is shown in Fig. 3, as it would be used in the embodiment of FIG.
  • an eccentricity is formed between a capillary 8 and a melt channel 7.
  • the melt channel 7 has a flat bottom 17 in relation to the capillary 8. This results in different flow and viscosity ratios, which favor the breaking up of the molecular chains in the extrudate and thus the formation of the polymer particles.
  • the capillary 8 is cylindrical.
  • the nozzle opening 9 is executed with a round outlet cross-section D equal to the inner diameter d of the capillary 8.
  • the melt nozzle 5.1 protrudes with its free end out of the nozzle plate 1.3.
  • the underside 14 of the nozzle plate 1.3 thus stands back against the free end of the melt nozzle 5.1.
  • This offset is marked in this embodiment with the lower case letter r.
  • the return offset r of the nozzle plate 1.3 with respect to the melt nozzle 5.1 is in the range of 0 to 1.5 mm.
  • the air flow that passes from the air gap 12 is first passed to the top of the melt nozzle 5.1.
  • This embodiment is particularly favorable for producing very fine particles.
  • the air gap 12 surrounds the entire circumference of the melt nozzle 5.1, so that the extrudate is completely surrounded by the air flow process air when leaving the nozzle opening 9.
  • the air flow over the entire circumference of the extrudate acts evenly.
  • FIGS. 4.1 and 4.2 a further exemplary embodiment of a device according to the invention for extruding fine polymer particles is shown in several views in FIGS. 4.1 and 4.2.
  • the Ausumngsbei- game is shown in Fig. 4.1 in a longitudinal sectional view and in Fig. 4.2 in a cross-sectional view schematically. Again, only the essential for extruding the polymer melt components are shown. The following description applies to both figures insofar as no explicit reference is made to one of the figures.
  • the housing 1 is likewise embodied plate-shaped, wherein an inlet plate 1.1 and a lower nozzle plate 1.3 enclose a middle melt nozzle plate 1.4.
  • the melt nozzle plate 1.4 has a plurality of spaced-apart capillary 8, which each open into an upper melt channel 7.
  • the melt channels 7 of the melt nozzle plate 1.4 are connected to a distribution chamber 3, which extends between the inlet plate 1.1 and the melt nozzle plate 1.4.
  • the distribution chamber 3 is connected via a melt inlet 2 with a melt source.
  • the melt nozzle plate 1.4 is inclined relative to the nozzle plate 1.3 and forms, together with the nozzle plate 1.3 two mirror-image visually opposite air gaps 12.1 and 12.2.
  • the air gaps 12.1 and 12.2 formed on both longitudinal sides of the capillary 8 extend over the longitudinal side in such a way that a process air can be supplied to both sides of each nozzle opening 9 formed by the capillary 8.
  • the process air is supplied to both longitudinal sides through the air channels 15.1 and 15.2.
  • the air ducts 15.1 and 15.2 penetrate the inlet plate 1.1 and strike an air chamber 10.1 or 10.2.
  • the air chambers 10.1 and 10.2 are formed between the melt nozzle plate 1.4 and the nozzle plate 1.3. From the air chambers 10.1 and 10.2, the process air is supplied via the air supply channels 16.1 and 16.2 the air gaps 12.1 and 12.2.
  • a distance is provided in each case between the capillaries 8 and in particular the nozzle openings 9 on the underside of the melt nozzle plate 1.4.
  • a center distance between adjacent nozzle openings 9 in FIG. 4.1 is indicated by a lowercase letter b.
  • the center distance b between adjacent nozzle openings 9 has a minimum dimension of 5 mm. This ensures that no mutual influencing of the air flows acting on one of the extrudates takes place. In that regard, a uniform fragmentation of the extrudate and thus a uniform particle size are achieved.
  • additional devices for filtering the melt, for distributing the melt and for tempering the melt and the process air may additionally be present. In the illustration of the embodiment, only the components relevant to the invention are shown.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un dispositif d'extrusion de particules de polymère très fines. Une matière fondue de polymère est pressée sous l'effet d'une surpression à travers au moins un capillaire pourvu d'une ouverture de buse. Un air de traitement très chaud est dirigé sur le produit extrudé obtenu afin de fragmenter le produit extrudé en une pluralité de particules de polymère. L'invention vise à obtenir une taille de particule aussi homogène que possible. Selon l'invention, à cet effet, la matière fondue de polymère, présentant un indice de fluidité à l'état fondu qui correspond à un MFI situé dans la plage allant de 2 g/10 min à 20 g/10 min, est amenée et est guidée à travers un capillaire présentant un diamètre intérieur moyen d et une longueur située dans la plage allant de 0,8 d à 15 d.
PCT/EP2019/055533 2018-03-15 2019-03-06 Procédé et dispositif d'extrusion de particules de polymère très fines WO2019174986A1 (fr)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111534866A (zh) * 2020-06-10 2020-08-14 王成铸 一种用于生产熔喷布的熔喷模头

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH427219A (de) * 1964-12-29 1966-12-31 Basf Ag Vorrichtung zur Zerstäubung hochviskoser thermoplastischer Massen
US20130234350A1 (en) * 2012-03-06 2013-09-12 Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation Method And Apparatus For Micropelletization

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH427219A (de) * 1964-12-29 1966-12-31 Basf Ag Vorrichtung zur Zerstäubung hochviskoser thermoplastischer Massen
US20130234350A1 (en) * 2012-03-06 2013-09-12 Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation Method And Apparatus For Micropelletization
US9321207B2 (en) 2012-03-06 2016-04-26 Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation Method and apparatus for micropelletization

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111534866A (zh) * 2020-06-10 2020-08-14 王成铸 一种用于生产熔喷布的熔喷模头

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