WO2019170375A1 - Convertisseur ca-ca et procédé de fonctionnement - Google Patents

Convertisseur ca-ca et procédé de fonctionnement Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019170375A1
WO2019170375A1 PCT/EP2019/053513 EP2019053513W WO2019170375A1 WO 2019170375 A1 WO2019170375 A1 WO 2019170375A1 EP 2019053513 W EP2019053513 W EP 2019053513W WO 2019170375 A1 WO2019170375 A1 WO 2019170375A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
phase
converter
load
cell
power
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2019/053513
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Michael Zagrodnik
Xiao Lei Hu
Original Assignee
Rolls-Royce Plc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Rolls-Royce Plc filed Critical Rolls-Royce Plc
Publication of WO2019170375A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019170375A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/14—Arrangements for reducing ripples from dc input or output
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/40—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc
    • H02M5/42—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
    • H02M5/44—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac
    • H02M5/453—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M5/458—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/40—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc
    • H02M5/42—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
    • H02M5/44—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac
    • H02M5/453—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M5/458—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M5/4585—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having a rectifier with controlled elements

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to a three-phase multi-level AC-AC converter and its method of operation, and particularly to such a converter for use in an electrical drive for a marine vessel.
  • FIG. 1A A conventional cascaded H-bridge converter topology is shown in Figure 1A. These converters are operable as multi-level AC-AC converters, for example in marine vehicles which utilize electric drives.
  • the converter topology has three sets of series-connected converter cells A1-A2, B1-B2, and C1-C2, and Figure 1 B shows the topography of just one of the converter cells C2.
  • the cell includes a rectifier 103, which is provided by three branches of diodes.
  • the rectifier converts received AC power into DC power.
  • the received AC power is three-phase AC power provided from a transformer 101 having multiple sets of phase shifted three-phase windings on the secondary.
  • the DC power which results from the rectification of the received AC power, is provided to a DC-link 104, which connects the rectifier 103 to an inverter 105.
  • the inverter 105 converts the received DC power to AC power which is provided to an output of the cell.
  • the AC power provided is single phase AC power.
  • the load 102 receives a three-phase AC power supply from the combination of the three sets of cells.
  • three-phase AC power or single-phase AC power is supplied from the transformer 101 to each of the cells. Whilst two cells are shown in each set of series-connected cells, more may be provided. Each of the cells converts a three- phase or single-phase supply of AC power to a single-phase AC supply. As a consequence of having three sets of cells, the load 102 therefore receives three-phase AC power which has been converted in, for example, voltage and/or frequency relative to that provided by the transformer 101.
  • each of the cells receives single-phase AC power from the load 102.
  • a load-dump resistor present in the DC-link 104 of each of the cells, is activated to dissipate this energy.
  • each load-dump resistor in each of the cells adds substantially to the cost of the converter.
  • the heat generated by each load-dump resistor in each cell can place thermal stresses on the other components within the cell.
  • the three-phase multi-level AC-AC converter of the present disclosure addresses the problems above by provision of a dedicated three-phase cell, which is provided with a high- specification load-dump resistor and means for providing regenerated AC power back to an AC source.
  • the present disclosure provides a three-phase multi-level AC- AC converter, including:
  • a transformer having plural secondary windings, each of which provides a three- phase or single-phase source of AC power;
  • the three-phase cell includes:
  • an active front-end converter which is connected to a winding of the plurality of windings
  • the three-phase converter is configured to receive and rectify regenerative three-phase AC power from the load
  • the multi-level AC-AC converter further includes a load-dump resistor connected in parallel with the DC-link.
  • the active front-end converter allows regenerated AC power from the load to be provided to the transformer and returned to the AC mains distribution network.
  • Regenerated AC power from the load may also be provided to a distribution network different from the AC mains and may be transferred further to, for example, other AC loads, battery banks or other power storage means.
  • the three-phase converter When the three-phase converter rectifies the regenerative AC power from the load it may provide DC power to the load-dump resistor. However, the three-phase converter may operate as an inverter to circulate reactive power between its respective phases, whilst using a relatively low capacity capacitor. In such a mode of operation, voltage ripple experienced by the single-phase cells may be reduced as compared to a conventional AC-AC converter.
  • the load-dump resistor can be located external to a casing of the three-phase cell. This can allow a load-dump resistor of high specification to be used, without influencing the size of the cell casing. Furthermore, as only a single load-dump resistor is required, cost-effective shielding can be implemented to minimise the electromagnetic interference caused by it.
  • the load-dump resistor may be connected in parallel across a diode of the DC-link and in series with a switch.
  • the function of the load-dump resistor to dissipate power can be controlled.
  • the voltage across the DC-link may be allowed to initially increase (by, for example, charging of a capacitor within the DC-link).
  • the switch may be closed so that excess power is dissipated by the load-dump resistor.
  • Each of the single-phase AC-AC converter cells may include a load-dump resistor. This may increase the redundancy of the system. Beneficially, the specification of the load-dump resistors located within the single-phase AC-AC converters cells can be reduced in comparison to conventional converter cells.
  • the active front-end converter may be connected to windings of the plurality of windings that couple to the transformer, in which case regenerated energy is fed back to the AC distribution system that feeds the three-phase multi-level AC-AC converter.
  • the active front- end converter may alternatively be connected to windings that are isolated from the plurality of windings in which case regenerated energy is fed back to a separate AC distribution system. Alternatively the active front-end converter may be absent in which case
  • regenerated energy is dissipated within the load-dump resistor.
  • the present disclosure provides a marine propulsion drive including a three-phase multi-level AC-AC converter as set out in respect to the first aspect.
  • the present disclosure provides a method of controlling a three-phase multi-level AC-AC converter, the converter including:
  • a three-phase cell which includes three pairs of switches, each pair of switches of the three-phase cell being configured for converting a respective phase of regenerative three-phase AC power;
  • the method includes, in a driving mode of a load:
  • each voltage vector contributed by a respective pair of switches of the three-phase cell is at an angle of 90° from the corresponding phase of the driving current so as to transfer reactive power to the load;
  • the method further includes, in a regenerative mode of the load:
  • the three-phase multi-level AC-AC converter of the method of the third aspect may be the three-phase multi-level AC-AC converter of the first or the second aspect.
  • the three-phase cell as set above may be operated to circulate reactive power between its respective phases, whilst using a relatively low capacity capacitor. In such a mode of operation, voltage ripple experienced by the single-phase cells may be reduced as compared to a conventional AC-AC converter.
  • the method may include a step of operating an active front-end converter of the three-phase cell so as to provide regenerative current from the load to a transformer. This can allow regenerative power to be transferred back to an AC supply or to power storage units, and therefore can increase the efficiency of a drive utilizing the method.
  • the method may include a step of operating an active front-end converter of the three-phase cell so as to regulate the charge on a capacitor located in a DC-link of the three-phase cell. This can simplify the operation of the converter, particularly making up for losses when the three-phase cell is circulating reactive power.
  • the method may include a step of monitoring a DC voltage of a DC-link provided in the three-phase cell, so that if the DC voltage exceeds a reference value a connection is formed to allow power to flow into a load-dump resistor which is connected to the DC-link.
  • the load- dump resistor may be located external to a casing of the three-phase cell.
  • Figure 1A shows a conventional multi-level AC-AC converter and Figure 1 B shows the topology of a conventional single-phase converter cell;
  • Figure 2A shows a multi-level AC-AC converter according to the present disclosure, and
  • Figure 2B shows corresponding voltage vector components;
  • Figures 3A, 3B and 3C show variant topologies for a three-phase cell according to the present disclosure
  • Figure 4 shows a schematic of a marine propulsion drive including an electrical system.
  • FIG. 2A shows a multi-level AC-AC converter 200 according to the present disclosure.
  • a transformer 201 includes plural secondary windings 202. Each of the windings receives a transformed AC power which may be either three-phase or single-phase, and provides the AC power to a respective single-phase AC-AC cell; for example, A1.
  • Three sets of single- phase cells are shown: A1 & A2, B1 & B2, and C1 & C2.
  • Each of the cells has a topology as shown in Figure 1 B.
  • the single-phase cells provide AC power to a load 203.
  • the load may be, for example, an electric motor.
  • a three-phase cell, Cell 3 is connected to each of the sets of cells. The topology of the three-phase cell is discussed below.
  • the phase voltage V provided by the cells is the summation of two components with vectors V1 and V2.
  • the three-phase cell provides the voltage component with vector V1
  • the sets of single-phase cells provide the voltage component with vector V2.
  • Stator currents are selected as the controlled variables in such a scheme.
  • Current regulation can be achieved by selecting the desired voltage vector such that the measured currents track the desired reference values. Insofar as motor control is concerned, it is the total phase voltage V which is important.
  • a current is provided into the load 203.
  • the voltage component with vector V1 is orthogonal to the current I provided to the load, i.e. it is at a phase angle of 90° to the current.
  • the three-phase cell does not provide any real power to the load.
  • Instantaneous reactive power is exchanged between the three phases of the three-phase cell, but as all phases in the three-phase cell share a DC-link (as discussed below) there is no net change in energy.
  • a current is provided from the load 203.
  • This can be in the form of regenerative braking of a motor.
  • the voltage component with vector V2 i.e. that provided by the sets of single-phase cells, is orthogonal to the current I provided from the load. This means that there is no net transfer of power from the load to the dc-link of the single-phase cells.
  • the voltage component with vector V1 is aligned with the current. This alignment may be anti-parallel to the current.
  • real power is transferred from the load into the three-phase cell, Cell 3.
  • the power transferred into the three-phase cell can then be either dissipated or returned to the transformer 201.
  • load-dump resistors can be retained in each of the single-phase cells in case of a loss of control which results in power being passed into the single-phase cells during regenerative mode.
  • Figures 3A - 3C show example topologies of the three-phase cell, Cell 3 described above.
  • a three-phase converter 301 is provided which is connected to each of the sets of single-phase cells and can receive three-phase power from the load.
  • the three-phase converter in the regeneration mode discussed above, rectifies the received three-phase AC power into DC power.
  • the DC power is provided to a DC link 302.
  • the DC link includes a capacitor, and a load-dump resistor 303 connected in parallel with the capacitor.
  • a switch connected in series with the load-dump resistor is closed so that power can flow from the three-phase converter 301 into the load-dump resistor 303 to be dissipated.
  • the load-dump resistor 303 is located outside of a casing of the three-phase cell 300.
  • the three-phase cell 310 shown in Figure 3B is similar to that shown in Figure 3A, and so like reference numerals are used for like features.
  • three-phase cell 310 includes a passive front-end rectifier 304.
  • This front-end rectifier is connected to at least one winding of the transformer, and so receives an AC current.
  • This AC current can be used to charge the capacitor in the DC link 302 to a predetermined value, before the AC-AC converter is used.
  • the rectifier may also stabilize the DC-link voltage and make up for losses when the three-phase cell is simply recirculating reactive energy.
  • the passive front-end rectifier 304 in this example is only used for charging the capacitor, the diodes comprising the rectifier can be of a much lower specification relative to those used in the single-phase cells.
  • the three-phase cell 320 shown in Figure 3C is similar to those shown in Figures 3A and 3B, and so like reference numerals are used for like features. However, a difference between the three-phase cells 320 and 300, is that three-phase cell 320 includes an active front-end converter 305.
  • the active front-end converter is connected to at least one winding of the transformer.
  • the active front-end converter comprises three sets of switches, which are operable as either an inverter, for providing power from the DC link to the transformer during regeneration, or as a rectifier, for providing power from the transformer to the DC link (to regulate the charge of the capacitor and make up for losses).
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic of a marine propulsion drive including a three-phase multi-level AC- AC converter 200 as discussed above.
  • a three-phase AC power supply 401 is connected to the converter.
  • the converter When operating in a drive operational mode, the converter receives the three- phase AC as an input and outputs an AC supply to the load 203 e.g. in the form of an electric motor. This electric motor is connected in turn to a drive 403, e.g. a propeller.
  • the converter When operating in a regeneration mode, receives regenerated three-phase AC from the load 203.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un convertisseur CA-CA multiniveau triphasé et son procédé de fonctionnement. Le convertisseur comprend : un transformateur ayant plusieurs enroulements secondaires, dont chacun fournit une source triphasée ou monophasée d'alimentation en CA; trois ensembles de cellules de convertisseur CA-CA monophasées, chaque cellule recevant une alimentation en CA en provenance d'un enroulement respectif de la pluralité d'enroulements, les cellules de convertisseur dans un ensemble donné étant connectées en série, et les trois ensembles de cellules de convertisseur étant configurés pour fournir de l'énergie à une charge; et une cellule triphasée, connectée aux trois ensembles de cellules de convertisseur CA-CA monophasées; la cellule triphasée comprenant : un convertisseur frontal actif qui est connecté à un enroulement de la pluralité d'enroulements; un convertisseur triphasé; et une liaison CC qui relie le convertisseur frontal actif au convertisseur triphasé; le convertisseur triphasé étant configuré pour recevoir et redresser l'alimentation en CA triphasée régénérative en provenance de la charge; et le convertisseur CA-CA multiniveau comprenant en outre une résistance de protection de surtension connectée en parallèle à la liaison CC.
PCT/EP2019/053513 2018-03-09 2019-02-13 Convertisseur ca-ca et procédé de fonctionnement WO2019170375A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1803765.5 2018-03-09
GBGB1803765.5A GB201803765D0 (en) 2018-03-09 2018-03-09 AC--AC Converter and method of operation

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2019170375A1 true WO2019170375A1 (fr) 2019-09-12

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GB (1) GB201803765D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO2019170375A1 (fr)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006125184A1 (fr) * 2005-05-19 2006-11-23 Siemens Energy & Automation, Inc. Entrainement a frequence variable avec capacite de regeneration
US20100142234A1 (en) * 2008-12-31 2010-06-10 Mehdi Abolhassani Partial regeneration in a multi-level power inverter
EP2814161A2 (fr) * 2013-04-08 2014-12-17 Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc. Préchargement d'un étage de puissance et appareil de freinage dynamique pour inverseur multi-niveaux

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006125184A1 (fr) * 2005-05-19 2006-11-23 Siemens Energy & Automation, Inc. Entrainement a frequence variable avec capacite de regeneration
US20100142234A1 (en) * 2008-12-31 2010-06-10 Mehdi Abolhassani Partial regeneration in a multi-level power inverter
EP2814161A2 (fr) * 2013-04-08 2014-12-17 Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc. Préchargement d'un étage de puissance et appareil de freinage dynamique pour inverseur multi-niveaux

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB201803765D0 (en) 2018-04-25

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