WO2019169956A1 - 一种结构化胶结碎石桩及其施工方法 - Google Patents

一种结构化胶结碎石桩及其施工方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019169956A1
WO2019169956A1 PCT/CN2019/071856 CN2019071856W WO2019169956A1 WO 2019169956 A1 WO2019169956 A1 WO 2019169956A1 CN 2019071856 W CN2019071856 W CN 2019071856W WO 2019169956 A1 WO2019169956 A1 WO 2019169956A1
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pile
self
cemented
gravel
structured
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PCT/CN2019/071856
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English (en)
French (fr)
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金峰
周虎
王刚
黄杜若
王卫
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清华大学
香港科技大学
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Publication of WO2019169956A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019169956A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
    • E02D3/02—Improving by compacting
    • E02D3/08—Improving by compacting by inserting stones or lost bodies, e.g. compaction piles

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  • the invention relates to the field of foundation engineering reinforcement, in particular to a structured cemented gravel pile and a construction method thereof.
  • Gravel pile is a traditional method of foundation treatment. Firstly, the pile hole is constructed by vibrating immersed tube, hammering immersed tube or impacting into empty space. Then, the gravel material is backfilled into the pile hole and vibrated and compacted to form gravel pile. Pile body.
  • the gravel piles are usually arranged in the form of pile groups. The interaction between the gravel piles and the soil between the piles forms a composite bearing system, which improves the bearing capacity of the foundation and reduces the compression deformation of the foundation.
  • the pore structure of the vibrating dense gravel material still has good water permeability. When the soil around the pile is consolidated, the gravel pile acts as a drainage channel and can accelerate the consolidation of the foundation soil.
  • the existing techniques for improving the strength of the gravel pile mainly include the use of a water-permeable concrete pile or a buried grouting pipe to inject cement slurry into the pores of the gravel pile to form a complete semi-rigid pile body.
  • Semi-rigid piles can not meet the requirements of foundation deformation.
  • grouted gravel piles are grouted and reinforced gravel after the soil consolidation is completed. Not only the construction progress is slow, but the injected cement slurry will pollute the seawater.
  • the invention patent an underwater non-dispersible cement-based self-compacting material construction method (patent holder: Tsinghua University, etc.; patent number: ZL 201310465710.7)" discloses the construction of underwater non-dispersible cement-based self-compacting materials method.
  • Convention Patent Cemented Rockfill Dam (Patentee: Tsinghua University, etc.; Application No.: 201710671580.0)” discloses a cemented rockfill material prepared by pouring rockfill materials from self-compacting cement-based materials.
  • Tsinghua University has shown through experimental research that the underwater material is not dispersed in cement-based self-compacting materials, and the slurry flows downward along the pores of the particles under the action of gravity, and can form contact cement at the particle contact point (face). form.
  • the present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, the present invention proposes a construction method of a structured cemented stone pile, which can improve the structural strength of the foundation soil and reduce the environmental pollution of the cement material.
  • the present invention is also directed to a structured cemented gravel pile constructed using the construction method of the structured cemented gravel pile.
  • the structured cemented gravel pile is formed in the pile hole, and the structured cemented gravel pile includes cementation in the depth direction of the pile hole
  • the gravel pile body and the gravel pile body the construction method of the structured cemented gravel pile comprises the following steps:
  • the cemented gravel pile body is obtained by pouring the gravel pile body by using the self-compacting cement-based material, the cemented gravel pile body and the crushed stone material are thus obtained.
  • the composite structure of the pile body increases the strength and rigidity of the structured cemented gravel pile, improves the ability of the structured cemented gravel pile to resist horizontal loads, and maintains the high water permeability of the crushed stone.
  • the self-compacting cement-based material flows under the action of gravity along the pores of the crushed stone to bond the adjacent gravel to form a cemented gravel pile body, the environmental pollution is small.
  • the structured cemented stone pile includes at least one of the cemented aggregates in the depth direction of the pile hole, and the cemented gravel pile can pass one or more times. The perfusion of the self-compacting cement-based material is formed.
  • the self-compacting cement-based material may be one of self-compacting cement mortar, self-compacting cement paste, underwater self-protecting self-compacting cement mortar, and underwater self-protecting self-compacting cement paste. kind.
  • the self-compacting cement-based material adopts the underwater self-protecting self-compacting mortar or the underwater self-protecting self-compacting paste.
  • the self-compacting cement mortar and the underwater self-protecting self-compacting cement paste have a degree of expansion of 220 mm-300 mm, and the V-shaped funnel time is 1.5 s-2.5 s, the self-compacting cement mortar and the underwater Self-protecting cement mortar has a spread of 250mm-330mm and a V-shaped funnel time of 6s-12s.
  • a structured cemented gravel pile is formed in a pile hole, wherein the structured cemented gravel pile comprises: a gravel pile; a cemented gravel a pile body, wherein the cemented gravel pile body is formed by bonding the partial pile body to the self-compacting cement-based material.
  • a structured cemented gravel pile according to an embodiment of the present invention wherein the cemented gravel pile body is obtained by pouring a gravel pile body by using a self-compacting cement-based material, so that the cemented gravel pile body and the crushed stone pile body
  • the composite structure increases the strength and rigidity of the structured cemented gravel pile, improves the ability of the structured cemented gravel pile to resist horizontal loads, and maintains the high water permeability of the crushed stone.
  • the self-compacting cement-based material adheres to adjacent gravel along the pores of the crushed stone under the action of gravity, the original pore structure of the crushed stone is maintained, and the environmental pollution is small.
  • the structured cemented stone pile includes one or more lengths of the cemented aggregate body in the depth direction.
  • the structured cemented gravel pile can construct a construction foundation.
  • the construction foundation is disposed on a land surface or on a sea mud.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the construction of a structured cemented stone pile according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of a structured cemented stone pile according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of a structured cemented stone pile according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a top plan view showing a structure of a structured cemented gravel pile group according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • first and second may include one or more of the features, either explicitly or implicitly.
  • a plurality means two or more unless otherwise stated.
  • connection In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms “installation”, “connected”, and “connected” are to be understood broadly, and may be fixed or detachable, for example, unless otherwise explicitly defined and defined. Connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanical or electrical; can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, can be the internal communication of the two components.
  • Connected, or integrally connected can be mechanical or electrical; can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, can be the internal communication of the two components.
  • the specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in a specific case by those skilled in the art.
  • a construction method of a structured cemented gravel pile according to an embodiment of the present invention as shown in FIGS. 2 to 3, a structured cemented gravel pile 100 is formed in the pile hole 5, in the depth direction of the pile hole 5,
  • the structured cemented stone pile 100 comprises a cemented gravel pile body 1 and a crushed stone pile body 2, and the construction method of the structured cemented gravel pile comprises the following steps:
  • S1 Perform on-site in-situ testing according to design requirements to determine the void ratio of the compacted aggregate of the crushed stone and the expansion and viscosity of the self-compacting cement-based material used to form the cemented aggregate;
  • the structured cemented stone pile 100 constructed by the construction method of the embodiment the cemented gravel pile body 1 is obtained by casting the crushed stone pile body 2 with the self-compacting cement-based material 3, so as to be cemented.
  • the composite structure of the crushed stone pile 1 and the crushed stone pile 2 increases the strength and rigidity of the structured cemented gravel pile 100 and improves the ability of the structured cemented gravel pile 100 to resist horizontal loads.
  • the self-compacting cement-based material 3 pouring process does not require vibration, so as to realize the synchronous construction of the pouring process and the crushing process of the crushed stone 4, and improve the progress of the project.
  • the cemented gravel pile body 1 is obtained by pouring the crushed stone pile body 2 with the self-compacting cement-based material 3, the cemented gravel pile body 1 is thus obtained.
  • the composite structure with the crushed stone pile 2 increases the strength and rigidity of the structured cemented gravel pile 100, improves the ability of the structured cemented gravel pile 100 to resist horizontal loads, and maintains the high water permeability of the crushed stone 4.
  • the self-compacting cement-based material 3 flows under the action of gravity along the pores of the crushed stone to bond the adjacent gravel to form the cemented gravel pile body 1, the environmental pollution is small.
  • step S3 - step S4 is repeated, so that the structured cemented stone pile 100 includes multiple stages of cementation in the depth direction. Stone pile body 1. It can be understood that, according to the actual construction conditions, the spatial distribution of the cemented gravel pile body 1 can be adjusted, so that the structured cemented stone pile 100 has the best performance.
  • the self-compacting cement-based material 3 may be one of self-compacting cement mortar, self-compacting cement paste, underwater self-protecting self-compacting cement mortar, and underwater self-protecting self-compacting cement paste.
  • the self-compacting cement-based material 3 adopts an underwater self-protecting self-compacting mortar or an underwater self-protecting self-compacting paste.
  • the type of the self-compacting cement-based material 3 is selected according to the actual state of the pile hole 5, so that the type of the self-compacting cement-based material 3 can better adapt to the actual working conditions, so that the self-compacting cement-based material is made. 3 can flow better along the pores of the gravel pile 2 to form the cemented gravel pile body 1.
  • the self-compacting cement mortar and the self-protecting self-compacting cement paste have an expansion degree of 220 mm-300 mm, and the V-shaped funnel time is 1.5 s-2.5 s, self-compacting cement mortar and underwater self-protecting cement mortar.
  • the expansion is 250mm-330mm and the V-funnel time is 6s-12s. It can be understood that by adjusting the expansion degree, viscosity and pouring amount of the self-compacting cement 3, the controllability of the length of the cemented gravel pile body 1 is achieved, and the strength of the structured cemented stone pile 100 is greatly improved. Stiffness and adaptability to geological conditions.
  • the construction result of the present embodiment is a structured cemented gravel pile 100 of a single-stage cemented gravel pile body 1.
  • the diameter of the pile body is 500 mm
  • the cemented gravel pile body 1 is located at the top of the pile.
  • the length of the cemented gravel pile body is 2m
  • the particle size of the crushed stone material is 30-80mm
  • the self-compacting cement-based material 3 is made of self-compacting cement paste
  • the self-compacting cement paste has a degree of expansion of 260mm, V-funnel time. It is 2.57s.
  • the construction result of the present embodiment is a structured cemented stone pile 100 of a multi-segment cemented gravel pile body 1.
  • the structured cemented stone pile 100 is used for reclamation engineering, multi-section cemented gravel
  • the pile body 1 is located at the top of the pile and the bottom of the pile body.
  • the diameter of the pile body is 500mm.
  • the length of the cemented gravel pile body at the top of the pile is 2m.
  • the length of the cemented gravel pile body at the bottom of the pile body is 2.5m.
  • the particle size is 30-50mm, and the self-compacting cement-based material 3 adopts the underwater self-protecting self-compacting cement paste, the self-adhesive self-compacting cement paste has an expansion degree of 280mm, and the V-shaped funnel time is 2.0s.
  • the construction result of the present embodiment is a structured cemented gravel pile group.
  • the structured cemented gravel pile group includes a plurality of structured cemented gravel piles 100, and some piles are piled.
  • the top position is poured to form a cemented gravel pile body 1, and a part of the pile body is poured in the middle to form a cemented gravel pile body 1.
  • the pile top part of the pile body is poured to form a cemented gravel pile body 1, and the pile body of the pile includes a plurality of sections of cementation.
  • the structured cemented gravel piles 100 of the present embodiment are arranged in groups, and the position of the cemented gravel pile body 1 of each pile in the pile group is optimized by structural calculation to improve the structural performance, thereby improving the stability of the entire reinforcement foundation.
  • a structured cemented stone pile 100 is formed in a pile hole 5, and the structured cemented stone pile 100 comprises a cemented gravel pile body 1 and a gravel pile.
  • the cemented gravel pile body 1 is formed of a self-compacting cement-based material 3 poured into the crushed stone pile body 2 in the pile hole 5.
  • the composite structure of the cemented gravel pile body 1 and the crushed stone pile body 2 is increased.
  • the strength and stiffness of the structured cemented gravel pile 100 improves the ability of the structured cemented gravel pile 100 to resist horizontal loads.
  • the self-compacting cement-based material 3 does not need to be injected into the grouting pipe, thereby realizing the synchronous construction of the pouring process and the crushing process of the crushed stone 4, and improving the progress of the project.
  • a structured cemented stone pile 100 wherein the cemented gravel pile body 1 is obtained by casting a gravel pile body 2 by using a self-compacting cement-based material 3, so that the cemented gravel pile body 1 and The composite structure of the crushed stone pile 2 increases the strength and rigidity of the structured cemented gravel pile 100, improves the ability of the structured cemented gravel pile 100 to resist horizontal loads, and maintains the high water permeability of the crushed stone 4.
  • the self-compacting cement-based material 3 flows along the pores of the crushed stone to bond adjacent gravel under the action of gravity, the original pore structure of the crushed stone is maintained, and the environmental pollution is small.
  • the structured cemented stone pile 100 includes a multi-section cemented gravel pile body 1 that is distributed in a depth direction. It can be understood that, according to the actual construction conditions, the sub-space cloth of the cemented gravel pile body 1 and the crushed stone pile body 2 can be adjusted, so that the structured cemented stone pile 100 has the best performance.
  • the structured cemented stone pile 100 can construct a construction foundation. This can increase the structural stability of the construction foundation.
  • the construction foundation is placed on the ground floor or on the sea mud.
  • the structural cemented gravel pile 100 is used to reinforce the weak foundation such as sea mud, on the one hand, the high permeability of the gravel pile can be maintained, the consolidation of the foundation soil can be accelerated, and the strength of the gravel pile can be improved on the other hand. Maintain the stability of the engineering structure.

Abstract

一种结构化胶结碎石桩施工方法，结构化胶结碎石桩（100）包括胶结碎石料桩身（1）和碎石料桩身（2），施工方法包括如下步骤：根据设计要求进行现场原位试验，确定碎石料（4）密实堆积的孔隙比及用于形成胶结碎石料的自密实水泥基材料（3）的扩展度和粘度；在地面上施工形成桩孔（5）；向桩孔（5）回填碎石料（4）形成碎石料桩身（2）并采用振冲器（200）振捣，直至碎石料（4）的孔隙比达到预设值；向桩孔（5）内灌注自密实水泥基材料（3）以将部分碎石料桩身（2）的碎石料（4）粘接形成胶结碎石料桩身（1）。还提供了一种结构化胶结碎石桩。

Description

一种结构化胶结碎石桩及其施工方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请基于申请号为201810185860.5、申请日为2018年03月07日的中国专利申请提出，并要求上述中国专利申请的优先权，上述中国专利申请的全部内容在此引入本申请作为参考。
技术领域
本发明涉及地基工程加固领域，尤其涉及一种结构化胶结碎石桩及其施工方法。
背景技术
碎石桩是一种传统的地基处理方法，首先采用振动沉管、锤击沉管或冲击成空的方法施工桩孔，然后向桩孔内回填碎石料并振动密实，最终形成碎石桩桩体。碎石桩通常采用桩群的形式布置，碎石桩和桩间土体相互作用形成复合承载体系，进而提高地基承载力和降低地基压缩变形的目的。振冲密实的碎石料仍连通的孔隙结构，具有良好的渗水性，桩周土体固结时，碎石桩起到排水通道的作用，能加速地基土体的固结。但碎石桩的承载力和沉降量很大程度上取决于桩间土体对碎石桩的约束力，较软弱的土体对碎石桩的约束能力差，制约桩竖向承载能力的发挥；同时碎石桩桩体由散粒材料组成，材料颗粒间几乎不存在内聚力，水平荷载会导致碎石桩体被剪短而失效。
填海造地是沿海地区增加土地供应的重要手段，稳定的地基结构制约着填海工程建设。海泥是一种极软和软弱粉质粘土，自身承载能力难以满足工程要求，通常采用碎石桩等技术加固。工程实践表明固结荷载会造成碎石桩基础的大幅侧向移位，给工程的稳定性带来隐患。基于上述情况，迫切需要一种结构化胶结碎石桩，通过胶结碎石料层即能提高碎石桩的强度和刚度，又能保持高透水性和适应大变形能力。现有提高碎石桩的强度的技术主要包括采用透水性混凝土制桩或埋设注浆管向碎石桩孔隙中注入水泥浆，形成的完整的半刚性桩体。半刚性桩体无法满足地基变形的要求，同时注浆碎石桩是在土体固结完成后注浆加固碎石，不仅施工进度慢，且注入的水泥浆会污染海水。
在本发明之前，“发明专利：一种水下不分散水泥基自密实材料施工方法(专利权人：清华大学等；专利号：ZL 201310465710.7)”公开了水下不分散水泥基自密实材料施工方法。“发明专利：胶结堆石坝(专利权人：清华大学等；申请号：201710671580.0)” 公开了一种自密实水泥基材料浇筑堆石料而成的胶结堆石料。根据清华大学的多年研究表明通过控制自密实水泥基材料的流动性、粘度和灌注量可实现不同的颗粒胶结形式，当孔隙饱和度(密实堆积颗粒材料孔隙中浇筑后浆体体积与原始颗粒材料孔隙体积之比)小于25-35％时，可形成接触胶结形式的胶结颗粒材料，形成的胶结颗粒材料通过水泥浆的水化作用，可明显提高材料的抗压强度、抗剪强度和、弹性模量和变形模量，同时保持原有孔隙结构的连通性，确定透水性。对下水下工程，清华大学通过试验研究表明采用水下不分散水泥基自密实材料浇筑颗粒材料，浆体在重力作用下沿着颗粒孔隙向下流动，在颗粒接触点(面)能形成接触胶结形式。
发明内容
本发明旨在至少解决现有技术中存在的技术问题之一。为此，本发明提出一种结构化胶结碎石桩的施工方法，所述施工方法可以提高地基土体的结构强度，降低胶凝材料对环境的污染。
本发明还旨在一种采用所述结构化胶结碎石桩的施工方法施工的结构化胶结碎石桩。
根据本发明实施例的结构化胶结碎石桩的施工方法，所述结构化胶结碎石桩成型于桩孔内，在所述桩孔的深度方向上，所述结构化胶结碎石桩包括胶结碎石料桩身和碎石料桩身，所述结构化胶结碎石桩的施工方法包括如下步骤：
S1：根据设计要求进行现场原位试验，确定碎石料密实堆积的孔隙比及用于形成所述胶结碎石料的自密实水泥基材料的扩展度和粘度；
S2：在地面上施工形成所述桩孔；
S3：向桩孔回填碎石料形成所述碎石料桩身并采用振冲器振捣，直至所述碎石料的孔隙比达到预设值；
S4：向所述桩孔内灌注所述自密实水泥基材料，所述自密实水泥基材料在重力作用下沿着所述碎石料的孔隙流动，以将部分所述碎石料桩身的所述碎石料粘接形成所述胶结碎石料桩身。
根据本发实施例的结构化胶结碎石桩的施工方法，由于胶结碎石料桩身通过采用自密实水泥基材料浇筑碎石料桩身中得到，这样胶结碎石料桩身和碎石料桩身的复合结构增加了结构化胶结碎石桩的强度和刚度，提高结构化胶结碎石桩抵抗水平荷载的能力，还能保持碎石料的高透水性。此外，由于自密实水泥基材料在重力作用下沿着碎石料孔隙流动粘结相邻碎石形成胶结碎石料桩身，对环境的污染较小。
在一些实施例中，在所述桩孔的深度方向上，所述结构化胶结碎石桩包括至少一节所述胶结碎石料桩身，所述胶结碎石料桩身可通过一次或多次灌注所述自密实水泥基材料形成。
在一些实施例中，所述自密实水泥基材料可以为自密实水泥砂浆、自密实水泥净浆、水下自护型自密实水泥砂浆、水下自护型自密实水泥净浆中的其中一种。
具体地，当所述桩孔内渗有地下水时，所述自密实水泥基材料采用所述水下自护型自密实砂浆或所述水下自护型自密实净浆。
具体地，所述自密实水泥砂浆及水下自护型自密实水泥净浆的扩展度为220mm-300mm，V型漏斗时间为1.5s-2.5s，所述自密实水泥砂浆和所述水下自护型水泥砂浆的扩展度为250mm-330mm，V型漏斗时间为6s-12s。
根据本发明实施例的结构化胶结碎石桩，所述结构化胶结碎石桩成型于桩孔内，其特征在于，所述结构化胶结碎石桩包括：碎石料桩身；胶结碎石料桩身，所述胶结碎石料桩身由所述自密实水泥基材料粘接部分所述碎料桩身形成。
根据本发明实施例的一种结构化胶结碎石桩，由于胶结碎石料桩身通过采用自密实水泥基材料浇筑碎石料桩身得到，这样胶结碎石料桩身和碎石料桩身的复合结构增加了结构化胶结碎石桩的强度和刚度，提高结构化胶结碎石桩抵抗水平荷载的能力，还能保持碎石料的高透水性。此外，由于自密实水泥基材料在重力作用下沿着碎石料孔隙流动粘结相邻碎石，保持碎石料原有孔隙结构，对环境的污染较小。
在一些实施例中，所述结构化胶结碎石桩沿深度方向包括一段或多段所述胶结碎石料桩身。
在一些实施例中，所述结构化胶结碎石桩可以构筑施工地基。
在一些实施例中，所述施工地基设置在陆地地面上或者设置在海泥上。
本发明的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出，部分将从下面的描述中变得明显，或通过本发明的实践了解到。
附图说明
本发明的上述和/或附加的方面和优点从结合下面附图对实施例的描述中将变得明显和容易理解，其中：
图1是本发明实施例的一种结构化胶结碎石桩的施工示意图。
图2是本发明实施例的一种结构化胶结碎石桩结构示意图。
图3是本发明另一实施例的一种结构化胶结碎石桩结构示意图。
图4是本发明另一实施例的一种结构化胶结碎石桩群结构的俯视结构示意图
附图标记：
结构化胶结碎石桩100、胶结碎石料桩身1、碎石料桩身2、自密实水泥基材料3、碎石料4、桩孔5、振冲器200。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本发明的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，仅用于解释本发明，而不能理解为对本发明的限制。
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”“内”、“外”、“顺时针”、“逆时针”、“轴向”、“径向”、“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本发明的描述中，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上。
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
下面参考图1-图4描述根据本发明实施例的结构化胶结碎石桩的施工方法。
根据本发明实施例的一种结构化胶结碎石桩的施工方法，如图2-图3所示，结构化胶结碎石桩100成型于桩孔5内，在桩孔5的深度方向上，结构化胶结碎石桩100包括胶结碎石料桩身1和碎石料桩身2，所述结构化胶结碎石桩的施工方法包括如下步骤：
S1：根据设计要求进行现场原位试验，确定碎石料密实堆积的孔隙比及用于形成胶结碎石料的自密实水泥基材料的扩展度和粘度；
S2：在地面上施工形成桩孔；
S3：向桩孔回填碎石料形成碎石料桩身并采用振冲器振捣，直至碎石料的孔隙比达到预设值；
S4：向桩孔内灌注自密实水泥基材料，自密实水泥基材料在重力作用下沿着碎石料的孔隙流动，以将部分碎石料桩身的碎石料粘接形成胶结碎石料桩身。
可以理解的是，利用本实施例的施工方法施工完成的结构化胶结碎石桩100，胶结碎石料桩身1通过采用自密实水泥基材料3浇筑碎石料桩身2中得到，这样胶结碎石料桩身1和碎石料桩身2的复合结构增加了结构化胶结碎石桩100的强度和刚度，提高结构化胶结碎石桩100抵抗水平荷载的能力。于此同时，自密实水泥基材料3浇筑过程无需振捣，进而实现浇筑过程和碎石料4振冲过程的同步施工，提高工程进度。
根据本发实施例的结构化胶结碎石桩的施工方法，由于胶结碎石料桩身1通过采用自密实水泥基材料3浇筑碎石料桩身2中得到，这样胶结碎石料桩身1和碎石料桩身2的复合结构增加了结构化胶结碎石桩100的强度和刚度，提高结构化胶结碎石桩100抵抗水平荷载的能力，还能保持碎石料4的高透水性。此外，由于自密实水泥基材料3在重力作用下沿着碎石料孔隙流动粘结相邻碎石形成胶结碎石料桩身1，对环境的污染较小。
在一些实施例中，如图3所示，在底部的胶结碎石料桩身1成型后，再重复步骤S3-步骤S4的过程，使结构化胶结碎石桩100沿深度方向包括多段胶结碎石料桩身1。可以理解的是，根据实际施工状况，可以调整胶结碎石料桩身1的空间分布，使得结构化胶结碎石桩100具有最好的性能。
在一些实施例中，自密实水泥基材料3可以为自密实水泥砂浆、自密实水泥净浆、水下自护型自密实水泥砂浆、水下自护型自密实水泥净浆中的其中一种。有利地，当桩孔5内渗有地下水时，自密实水泥基材料3采用水下自护型自密实砂浆或水下自护型自密实净浆。可以理解的是，在实际施工中，根据桩孔5的实际状态选择自密实水泥基材料3的类型，使得自密实水泥基材料3的类型能够较好适应实际工况，使得自密实水泥基材料3能够更好沿着碎石料桩身2孔隙流动以形成胶结碎石料桩身1。
具体地，自密实水泥砂浆及水下自护型自密实水泥净浆的扩展度为220mm-300mm，V型漏斗时间为1.5s-2.5s，自密实水泥砂浆和水下自护型水泥砂浆的扩展度为250mm-330mm，V型漏斗时间为6s-12s。可以理解的是，通过调节自密实水泥3的扩展度、粘度和浇筑量，实现胶结碎石料桩身1长度的可控性，极大限度地提高了结构化胶结碎石桩100的强度、刚度和地质条件适应性。
下面参考描述本发明三个具体实施例的结构化胶结碎石桩的施工方法。
实施例1：
如图2所示，本实施例的施工结果是一种单段胶结碎石料桩身1的结构化胶结碎石桩100，桩身直径为500mm，胶结碎石料桩身1位于桩顶部位，胶结碎石料桩身1长度 为2m，碎石料4的粒径30-80mm，自密实水泥基材料3采用自密实水泥净浆，自密实水泥净浆的扩展度260mm，V型漏斗时间为2.57s。
具体施工步骤如下所示：
S1：根据设计要求进行现场原位试验，确定碎石料4密实堆积的孔隙比为0.3，用于形成胶结碎石料桩身1的自密实水泥基材料3的扩展度为260mm，V型漏斗通过时间为2.57s；
S2：施工形成桩孔5；
S3：向桩孔5回填碎石料4并采用振冲器200振捣，直至碎石料桩身2的孔隙比达到0.3且桩身长度达到设计要求；
S4：在桩顶部位碎石料4的表面灌注18升自密实水泥净浆，自密实水泥净浆在重力作用下沿着碎石料孔隙向下流动粘结相邻碎石，形成高度约为2m的胶结碎石料桩身1。
实施例2：
如图3所示，本实施例的施工结果是一种多段胶结碎石桩身1的结构化胶结碎石桩100，该结构化胶结碎石桩100应用于填海工程，多节胶结碎石桩身1位于桩顶部位和桩身底部，桩身直径为500mm，桩顶部位胶结碎石桩身1长度为2m，桩身底部胶结碎石桩身1长度为2.5m，碎石料4的粒径30-50mm，自密实水泥基材料3采用水下自护型自密实水泥净浆，水下自护型自密实水泥净浆的扩展度280mm，V型漏斗时间为2.0s。
具体施工步骤如下所示：
S1：根据设计要求进行现场原位试验，确定碎石料4密实堆积的孔隙比为0.3，用于形成胶结碎石料桩身1的自密实水泥基材料3的扩展度为280mm，V型漏斗通过时间为2.0s；
S2：施工形成桩孔5；
S3：向桩孔5回填碎石料4并采用振冲器200振捣，直至碎石料桩身2的孔隙比达到0.3且碎石料堆积高度达到灌浆设计要求；
S4：向桩孔5内碎石料表面灌注18升水下自护型自密实水泥净浆，水下自护型自密实水泥净浆在重力作用下沿着碎石料孔隙向下流动粘结相邻碎石，形成高度约为2.5m的胶结碎石料桩身1。
S5：浇筑水下自护型自密实水泥净浆后，同步进行碎石料4回填和振冲，直至碎石料4密实堆积高度至桩孔顶部；
S6：在桩顶部位碎石料4的表面灌注自密实水泥净浆16升，自密实水泥净浆在重 力作用下沿着碎石料孔隙向下流动粘结相邻碎石，形成高度约为2m的胶结碎石料桩身1。
实施3：
如图4所示，本实施例的施工结果一种结构化胶结碎石桩群，根据工程结构计算，结构化胶结碎石桩群中包括多种结构化胶结碎石桩100，部分桩的桩顶部位浇筑形成胶结碎石桩身1，部分桩的桩身中部浇筑形成胶结碎石桩身1，部分桩身的桩顶部位浇筑形成胶结碎石桩身1，部分桩的桩身包括多段胶结碎石桩桩身1。
本实施例的结构化胶结碎石桩100成群布置，桩群中每根桩的胶结碎石料桩身1位置通过结构计算实现结构性能的最优化设计，进而提高整个加固基础的稳定性。
根据本发明实施例的一种结构化胶结碎石桩100，结构化胶结碎石桩100成型于桩孔5内，结构化胶结碎石桩100包括胶结碎石料桩身1和碎石料桩身2，胶结碎石料桩身1由向桩孔5内碎石料桩身2灌注的自密实水泥基材料3形成。可以理解的是，由于胶结碎石料桩身1通过采用自密实水泥基材料3浇筑部分碎石料桩身2得到，这样胶结碎石料桩身1和碎石料桩身2的复合结构增加了结构化胶结碎石桩100的强度和刚度，提高结构化胶结碎石桩100抵抗水平荷载的能力。于此同时，自密实水泥基材料3不需要注浆管注入，进而实现浇筑过程和碎石料4振冲过程的同步施工，提高工程进度。
根据本发明实施例的一种结构化胶结碎石桩100，由于胶结碎石料桩身1通过采用自密实水泥基材料3浇筑碎石料桩身2得到，这样胶结碎石料桩身1和碎石料桩身2的复合结构增加了结构化胶结碎石桩100的强度和刚度，提高结构化胶结碎石桩100抵抗水平荷载的能力，还能保持碎石料4的高透水性。此外，由于自密实水泥基材料3在重力作用下沿着碎石料孔隙流动粘结相邻碎石，保持碎石料原有孔隙结构，对环境的污染较小。
在一些实施例中，结构化胶结碎石桩100包括多段胶结碎石料桩身1，多段胶结碎石料桩身1沿深度方向分布。可以理解的是，根据实际施工状况，可以调整胶结碎石料桩身1和碎石料桩身2的分空间布，使得结构化胶结碎石桩100具有最好的性能。
在一些实施例中，结构化胶结碎石桩100可以构筑施工地基。由此可以调高施工地基的结构稳定性。
在一些实施例中，施工地基设置在陆地地面上或者设置在海泥上。可以理解的是，采用结构化胶结碎石桩100加固海泥等软弱地基，一方面能保持碎石桩高透水性，加速地基土体固结，另一方面可实现提高碎石桩的强度，保持工程结构的稳定性。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示意性实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结 构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，本领域的普通技术人员可以理解：在不脱离本发明的原理和宗旨的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本发明的范围由权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种结构化胶结碎石桩的施工方法，所述结构化胶结碎石桩成型于桩孔内，在所述桩孔的深度方向上，所述结构化胶结碎石桩包括胶结碎石料桩身和碎石料桩身，其特征在于，所述结构化胶结碎石桩的施工方法包括如下步骤：
    S1：根据设计要求进行现场原位试验，确定碎石料密实堆积的孔隙比及用于形成所述胶结碎石料的自密实水泥基材料的扩展度和粘度；
    S2：在地面上施工形成所述桩孔；
    S3：向桩孔回填碎石料形成所述碎石料桩身并采用振冲器振捣，直至所述碎石料的孔隙比达到预设值；
    S4：向所述桩孔内灌注所述自密实水泥基材料，所述自密实水泥基材料在重力作用下沿着所述碎石料的孔隙流动，以将部分所述碎石料桩身的所述碎石料粘接形成所述胶结碎石料桩身。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的结构化胶结碎石桩的施工方法，其特征在于，在所述桩孔的深度方向上，所述结构化胶结碎石桩包括至少一节所述胶结碎石料桩身，所述胶结碎石料桩身可通过一次或多次灌注所述自密实水泥基材料形成。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的结构化胶结碎石桩的施工方法，其特征在于，所述自密实水泥基材料可以为自密实水泥砂浆、自密实水泥净浆、水下自护型自密实水泥砂浆、水下自护型自密实水泥净浆中的其中一种。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的结构化胶结碎石桩的施工方法，其特征在于，当所述桩孔内渗有地下水时，所述自密实水泥基材料采用所述水下自护型自密实砂浆或所述水下自护型自密实净浆。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的结构化胶结碎石桩的施工方法，其特征在于，所述自密实水泥砂浆及水下自护型自密实水泥净浆的扩展度为220mm-300mm，V型漏斗时间为1.5s-2.5s，所述自密实水泥砂浆和所述水下自护型水泥砂浆的扩展度为250mm-330mm，V型漏斗时间为6s-12s。
  6. 一种结构化胶结碎石桩，所述结构化胶结碎石桩成型于桩孔内，其特征在于，所述结构化胶结碎石桩包括：
    碎石料桩身；
    胶结碎石料桩身，所述胶结碎石料桩身由所述自密实水泥基材料粘接部分所述碎料桩身形成。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的结构化胶结碎石桩，其特征在于，所述结构化胶结碎石桩沿深度方向包括一段或多段所述胶结碎石料桩身。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的结构化胶结碎石桩，其特征在于，所述结构化胶结碎石桩可以构筑施工地基。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的结构化胶结碎石桩，其特征在于，所述施工地基设置在陆地地面上或者设置在海泥上。
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